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Materials for Craniology of the Northern Samodians Review Article Glob J Arch & Anthropol Volume 3 Issue 1 - March 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Sergey Slepchenko DOI: 10.19080/GJAA.2018.03.555602 Materials for Craniology of the Northern Samodians AN Bagashev and SM Slepchenko* Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen Scientific Center, Russia Submission: November 28, 2017; Published: March 13, 2018 *Corresponding author: Email: Sergey Slepchenko, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen Scientific Center, Russia, Abstract A small sample of paleoanthropological materials from the cemeteries of Nakhodka 2 and Yumadoto 1 in Yamal (Yamal district of Yamalo- morphological features of the skulls indicate that they belong to the eastern Mongoloid anthropological formation, but in terms of the structure ofNenets the nasal Autonomous bridge, they Okrug at ofthe Tyumen same time Region) tend wasto belong studied to in the order western to specify Caucasoid the nature population. of intra-group According and to inter-populationthe results of multidimensional variability. The statistics, despite a high individual variability typical to the modern species of Homosapienssapiens, the range of variability observed at the basis, a more representative sample of this ethnic group was formed, which is taxonomically included in the Yamalo-Yenisei group of populations ofcemeteries the West ofSiberian Bukhta anthropological Nakhodka and Yumadotoformation. is not beyond the scope of the inter-group variability typical to the Northern Samodians. On this Keywords: Anthropology; Population; Systematic; Taxonomy; Northern eurasia; Yamal peninsula; Northern samodians; Nenets; Kets Introduction Contemporary aboriginal population of Northern Eurasia belong to various ethno-linguistic groups (Samoyeds, Finno- Ugrians, Turks, Kets, Paleo-Asiatics), whose traditional cultures are represented by various economic and cultural types of appropriating and producing economies. Just as their cultures and natural and climatic habitat conditions are greatly diverse, so are the anthropological differences between them, which generally suggests different ways of their ethnogenesis. history of formation of their physical appearance features, in Anthropology clarifies only one side of the origin of tribes - anthropological communities holds an important place, as it the reconstruction of which the taxonomic classification of Figure 1: Location of the burial grounds of Bukhta Nakhodka historical destinies of populations. and Yumadoto. reflects common and different elements in the genesis and Atribution of some peoples of Northern Eurasia is a matter district of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen in particular, for the Northern Samoyed peoples (Nenets, Enets The fortified settlement of “Bukhta Nakhodka” (Yamal of debate in the modern taxonomic configuration. This is true, and Nganasan) and the Ket people, which is caused by a lack conducted archeological work at that ancient settlement and of available materials. Introduction of new anthropological Region) was discovered in 1961 by [1]. In 2012, O Kardash data on the physical appearance features of the inhabitants of discovered the burial ground of Bukhta Nakhodka 2 (Figure 1), a West Siberian subarctic regions allows us to clarify the limits of of his preliminary research, paleoanthropological material and new archaeological site on the coast of Nakhodka Bay. As a result individual and inter-group variability typical to them. This article artifacts (fragments of ceramic vessels, articles of non-ferrous metals) were obtained. According to on the archaeological the archaeological sites of Nakhodka 2 and Yumadoto 1 in the considers new craniological findings obtained from a study of data, the burial ground was dated to the Middle Ages within a Yamal Peninsula in order to specify the population structure and wide chronological framework (from the VI-VII centuries to the systematics of the indigenous peoples of the North. XIII-XIV centuries). Anthropological materials from the burial Glob J Arch & Anthropol 3(1): GJAA.MS.ID.555602 (2018) 006 Global Journal of Archaeology & Anthropology ground of Yumadoto (XVIII-XIX centuries), were gathered by EG group, small width and height in the nasal bridge structure are Filchakov in 1986, during archaeological reconnaissance on the harmoniously combined with a relatively large nasal protrusion Yamal Peninsula (Figure 1). angle. Materials and Methods The male skull from Yumadoto I burial ground is characterized by a small value of longitudinal and transverse diameters (meso- One male and three female skulls from the burials of the brachicrania) while the cerebral cortex is of a very low height, a brachicranic form is typical of the female skull (Table 1). Facial female skull from Yumadoto burial ground, were analyzed cemetery of Bukhta Nakhodka, as well as one male and one skeletons of the male and female skulls are similar in proportions by means of craniology. Gender diagnostics was based on the and have an average width and height with a distinctly pronounced morphology of a skull, lower jaw, pelvis and postcranial skeleton horizontal flattening. The structure of the orbits and of the nasal patterns [2,3]. The age of the buried was determined by the skulls have a similar structure of the nasal bridge, its small width bridge is characterized by average values and proportions. Both degreeThe of skulls obliteration were measured of the skull using seams a andstandard dental craniometricabrasion [3]. is combined with a small height along with a very small nasal technique supplemented by measuring the height of the protrusion angle. In general, the morphological features of the studied skulls of the Mongoloid element based on the index of the facial forehead transverse flexion and calculating a conditional share that they belong to an intermediate variant between the western Inter-group similarity and differences were analyzed calculating from the cemeteries of Bukhta Nakhodka and Yumadoto indicate skeleton profile and the preauriculfacio-cerebral index [4,5]. and eastern anthropological formations. However, generalized the Mahalanobis-Rao D2 distance according to a program by Yu. show a predominance of elements in their craniological indices of face flatness and proportions of the cerebral cortex MorphologicalK. Chistov (1994). Features of the Paleoanthropological structure which bring the analyzed skulls closer to the Mongoloid Findings populations (Table 1). A distinctive morphological feature of this The man’s face is of medium width and height, it is group of skulls is a synthesis of the Mongoloid structure of the nose angle in combination with a relatively Europeoid structure moderately profiled in the horizontal plane at the middle level, cerebral cortex with a horizontally flattened face and a small the nasal part of the skull is average, the orbits are wide enough, of the nasal bridge, which is clearly expressed by the male skull but it is relatively more flattened at the orbital level. The size of with a low height. The facial skeletons of the female skulls are combination in terms of biological correlation is also observed from the burial site of Bukhta Nakhodka. This disharmonic in other West Siberian groups and, in general, there are reasons narrowerDisharmony and lower, can flattenedbe observed in the in horizontal the structure plane. of the male to support that according to the morphological characteristics skull’s nasal bridge. Its relatively large height is combined with a small width, while a very weak nasal bones protrusion over the limits of variability of subarctic Siberian populations. the sample from Bukhta Nakhodka and Yumadoto fits into the Mean values and indices for male and female skulls form the Northern Samodians. lineTable of 1: the vertical profile of the face is observed. In the female Measurement Northern Samodianstotal Yumadoto BuchtaNachodka ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ x x x 1. Cranial length. fromg 178.9 (21) 169 189 8. Maximumcranialbreadth 172.3 (24) 174 167.5128.7 (4)(3) 17. Cranial height (ba-b) 148.1128.8 (21)(20) 141.1122.8 (23) 141123 142128 143125 113.7 (3) 8:1. Cranialindex 82.9 (21) 81.9 (19) 81 76 78.1 (3) 5. Cranial baselength 93.1 (15) 95 8495 101 87.7 (3) 9. Maximal frontal breadth 99.1 (14) 91.3 (23) 96 97 88 88.3 (3) 94.1 (20) 81.2 (9) 76 77 71 77.0 (3) 32. Forehead profile angle. from n 76.0 (4) 95.1 (9) 96 96 40. Basion-prosthionlength 138.3102.3 (13) (4) 130.1 (13) 130 104136 120.394.0 (2) (3) 45. Bizygomaticbreadth 71.9 (9) 68.9 (17) 13470 70 70 62.7 (3) 48.72. Nasion-alveolarheight Generalfacialangle 83.0 (8) 86 80 78 80.0 (2) 83.4 (4) How to cite this article: AN Bagashev, SM Slepchenko. Materials for Craniology of the Northern Samodians. Glob J Arch & Anthropol. 2018; 3(1): 555599. 007 DOI: 10.19080/GJAA.2018.03.555602 Global Journal of Archaeology & Anthropology 77. Nasomalarangle 150.9 (11) 148.6 (4) 135.6 (8) 145.2132.7 151.4130.5 147131 151.4136.2 (3)(2) 51.˂zm’. Orbitalbreadth. Zygomaxillaryangle frommf. 134.4 (4) 52. Orbitalheight 43.235.5 (18)(19) 42.3 (21) 4737 4135 4735 40.7 (3) 55. Nasalheight 52.8 (19) 34.950.7 (21)(22) 53 34.0 (3) 48 49 45.3 (3) 75(1).54. Nasalprotrusionangle Nasalbreadth 25.4 (18) 24.6 (22) 2469 2466 24.063 24.366.5 (3)(2) SC. Simoticchord 21.3 (4) 19.4 (9) 6.7 8.0 5.6 (3) SS. Simoticsubtense 6.6 (4) 6.42.3 (11) 4.02.1 2.9 3.5 2.2 (3) DC. Dacrialchord 3.0 (4) 18.2 (11) 20.5 19.3 18.0 17.5 (3) DS. Dacrialsubtense 19.7 (4) 7.6 (11) 8.1 7.5 12.0 8.6 (3) Index FSP 10.077.5 (4) 86.0 85.8 73.9 75.3 PFC index 97.0 84.6 95.5 98.7 CSME 108.597.4 100.2 94.292.8 103.1 86.496.8 Results of the Analysis 98.4 combined series from burial grounds at the entry of the Chulym In order to specify general patterns of intergroup variability BederevskiiBor, Lukianovo and Maksimoiarsk, Barklay [10]), a among the peoples of Northern Eurasia, their morphological features were analyzed using multidimensional statistics RiverAs [Dremov, for the groups 1997].
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