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“THE TRUE MEANING OF GUNS N’ ROSES’ TRILOGY SONGS: “DON’T CRY”, “NOVEMBER RAIN”, AND “ESTRANGED”

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Yustinus Ryan Ervianto Student Number: 101214159

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017

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“THE TRUE MEANING OF GUNS N’ ROSES’ TRILOGY SONGS: “DON’T CRY”, “NOVEMBER RAIN”, AND “ESTRANGED”

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Yustinus Ryan Ervianto Student Number: 101214159

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017

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A Sarjana Pendidikan Thesis on

",THE TRUE MEANING OF GUNS N' ROSES' TRILOGY SONGS: "DON'T CRY", "NOVEMBER RAIN", AND "ESTRANGED"

Approved by

Advisor

January 14, 2017

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A Sarjana PendiJ,ikan Thesis on

"THE TRUE MEANING OF GUNS N' ROSES' TRILOGY SONGS: "DON'T CRY", "NOVEMBER RAIN", AND "ESTRANGED"

Chairperson

Secretary

Member

th Yogyakarta, February 8 , 2017 Faculty ofTeachers Training and Education Sanata Dharma University

Rohandi, Ph.D.

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DEDICATION PAGE

Verily, verily, I say unto you, except a corn of

wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth

alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.

- John 12:24 (kjv) -

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STATEMENTS OF WORK'S ORIGINALITY

I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the works of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should.

Yogyakarta, February 8th, 2017

The Writer

Yustinus Ryan Ervianto

101214159

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya Mahasiswa Universtas Sanata Dharma:

Nama : Yustinus Ryan Ervianto Nomor Mahasiswa : 101214159

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

"THE TRUE MEANING OF GUNS N' ROSES' TRILOGY SONGS: "DON'T CRY", "NOVEMBER RAIN", AND "ESTRANGED" beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan dernikian, saya memberikan kepada Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu minta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pemyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenamya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal: 8 Februari 2017 Yang menyatakan

Yustinus Ryan Ervianto

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ABSTRACT

Ervianto, Yustinus Ryan. 2016. “The True Meaning of Guns N’ Roses’ Trilogy Songs: “Don’t Cry”, ”November Rain”, “Estranged”. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program. Department of Language and Arts Education. Faculty of Teachers Training and Education. Sanata Dharma University.

This study analyzes songs trilogy from Guns N’ Roses’. The trilogy consists of “Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”. “Don’t Cry” was released on 1991, while “November Rain” on 1992, and “Estranged” on 1994. The aim of the study is to seek for the literal and deeper meaning of the trilogy. There are two formulated problems in this study: (1) What do the songs talk about? and (2) What is the meaning of Guns N’ Roses trilogy that can be obtained through the study? There are two sources used in this study. The primary source of this study are the songs’ lyrics, “Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged” written by Axl Rose, the vocalist of a legendary glam rock band Guns N’ Roses. The secondary sources are books, related texts, and internet. The most prominent theory employed to answer the problems formulation is Maslow’s theory of motivation from his book “Motivation and Personality”. The approach used in this study is psychological approach. Based on the analysis, there are two findings. The findings are (1) the songs talk about a love journey which flawed by lies and it ends up with regrets; and (2) there are two meanings found in the trilogy songs, namely literal meaning and deeper meaning. The literal meaning of the trilogy songs is about sincere love, flawed relationship, and regrets. The deeper meaning of the trilogy songs is about untrue love since true love, according to the third hierarchy of Maslow’s theory of motivation (1970) is a love where two lovers are giving and receiving each other. There is also a fear inside that imperfect relationship. The fear itself is actually a kind of jealousy, while the flaw itself is actually fraudulence. In the end, those three aspects are the things that cause the loss of Axl’s glory. The word glory here is not only about a person but is also related to a dream. All in all, this trilogy is about common problems that may end someone’s glory, dealing with wealth, throne, and love. Moreover, this study also delivers some suggestions for further researchers and teachers in relation to education.

Keywords: Don’t Cry, November Rain, Estranged, trilogy, literal meaning, deeper meaning, true meaning

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ABSTRAK

Yustinus Ryan, Ervianto. 2016. “The True Meaning of Guns N’ Roses’ Trilogy Songs: “Don’t Cry”, ”November Rain”, “Estranged”. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penelitian ini menganalisis sebuah trilogi lagu dari Guns N’ Roses yaitu "Don’t Cry", "November Rain", dan "Estranged". “Don’t Cry” dirilis pada tahun 1991, sedangkan “November Rain” pada tahun1992, dan “Estranged” pada tahun 1994. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mencari makna literal dan makna mendalam dari trilogi lagu Guns N’ Roses. Ada dua hal yang menjadi permasalahan utama dalam studi ini, yaitu: (1) Apa yang diceritakan oleh ketiga lagu dalam trilogi tersebut? dan (2) Apa makna dari trilogi lagu Guns N’ Roses yang dapat diperoleh melalui penelitian? Terdapat dua sumber yang digunakan dalam studi ini. Sumber utama dari studi ini adalah dari lirik lagu, "Don’t Cry", "November Rain", dan "Estranged" yang ditulis oleh Axl Rose, vokalis legendaris dari band glam rock legendaris, Guns N' Roses. Sumber kedua adalah dari buku-buku terkait, teks terkait, dan sumber dari internet. Teori yang digunakan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah dalam studi ini adalah teori motivasi dari Maslow dari bukunya “Motivation and Personality”. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikologis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, terdapat dua temuan. (1) ketiga lagu tersebut menceritakan tentang perjalanan cinta yang ternoda oleh kebohongan, dan berakhir dengan penyesalan; sedangkan (2) terdapat dua makna pada trilogi lagu tersebut, yaitu makna literal dan makna mendalam. Makna literal dari trilogi lagu tersebut adalah cinta yang tulus, hubungan yang ternoda, dan penyesalan. Makna mendalam dari trilogi lagu tersebut adalah tentang cinta yang bukan cinta sejati, karena cinta sejati, menurut hirarki ketiga dari teori motivasi Maslow (1970) adalah cinta di mana dua kekasih yang saling memberi dan menerima satu sama lain. Di dalam hubungan yang tidak sempurna itu, terdapat rasa takut. Ketakutan itu sendiri sebenarnya adalah kecemburuan, sementara ketidaksempurnaan itu sendiri sebenarnya adalah kecurangan. Pada akhirnya, ketiga aspek tersebut adalah hal-hal yang dapat mengakhiri kejayaan seseorang. Kejayaan di sini bukan hanya berarti tentang seseorang, namun juga tentang impian. Secara keseluruhan, trilogi lagu ini adalah tentang masalah umum yang dapat menyebabkan berakhirnya kebahagiaan seseorang; yaitu harta, tahta, dan cinta. Lebih lanjut lagi, studi ini juga memberikan beberapa saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya dan kepada pendidik dalam kaitannya dengan dunia pendidikan.

Kata kunci: Don’t Cry, November Rain, Estranged, trilogy, literal meaning, deeper meaning, true meaning

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Jesus Christ, my

Superhero and the true rock star of all time, for His unconditional love and blessings in my whole life. All parts of this thesis and all processes are finally done only because of his blessings.

I express my gratitude to my beloved family, my father Stefanus Sidik

Suwartono for introducing Glam Rock music to me and for influencing me to listen to Slow Rock music, and my mother Bernadetta Sri Rosariyati for all the love, supports, and prayers for me. I thank my parents for trusting me to pursue my dream by taking the ELESP in Sanata Dharma University. I also would like to thank my almost-twin-brother, Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto, for all the love he gives me, through his caring and our small disputation.

I would also like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Ant.

Herujiyanto, M.A., for helping me with my thesis. He has given me lots of opportunities to learn and to grow through our meetings. He also let me fall, so I can stand higher now. Then, I also would like to thank my academic advisor, Ms.

Henny Herawati, S.Pd., M.Hum., for her guidance along these past five years.

She has been a good mother for class PBI 2010 C students. I would thank her for always burning our spirit to finish our study as soon as possible, through her words and helps. Then, I would like to thank all the lecturers in the ELESP who have taught me and who have given me opportunities to work with. All the time in the ELESP has made me a better person.

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I would like to thank to my partners in Geng Anggur; they are Bondan,

Yoga, Gallang and Estu, for always supporting me with laughs, swearing words, and dirty conversations during the past learning activity in class. I also would thank Jessy, for being my reminder to finish this thesis, for accompanying me, especially for the past few months, and for having and supporting each other. I would like to thank her for all the supports she has given to me.

My deep gratitude is also sent to all my friends in ELESP, especially PBI

2010 C, for always supporting each other academically and emotionally. I would thank Mr. Heru’s thesis students for supporting, helping, and laughing each other.

I also would thank all of my friends from some different batches for sharing and inspiring each other by spending our precious time everywhere.

I would like to thank to my second family; Sexen USD, to let me learn and grow through the brotherhood. I also would thank to my bands; Lembah Nista,

Horse Shoe, VOC, and Orkes Kondas Warang, and all the members of the band for giving me chances to learn and to grow by sharing. Then, I would like to thank

Sedulur Kantin for giving me chances to be a more open-minded person. I also would thank KPK (Kontrakan Pinggir Kali) for being my most favorite workspace to write my thesis.

At the end, I would like to thank everyone for all the supports, prayers, and even the questions which have burnt my spirit to finish my thesis and my study in the ELESP. I hope you will also be success in pursuing your dreams.

Yustinus Ryan Ervianto

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... i APPROVAL PAGE ...... ii DEDICATION PAGE ...... iv STATEMENTS OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...... v PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ...... vi ABSTRACT ...... vii ABSTRAK ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... xi LIST OF APPENDICES ...... xiv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Objective of the Study ...... 3 C. Problem Formulation ...... 3 D. Benefits of the Study ...... 4 E. Definition of Terms ...... 4

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Review of Related Studies ...... 7 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 8  Critical Approach ...... 9 1. Theory of Poetry ...... 10 2. Theory of Symbol ...... 19 3. Theory of Psychology a) Theories of Character and Characterization ...... 20 b) Theory of Personality ...... 23 c) Theory of Motivation ...... 26

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C. Theoretical Framework ...... 29 D. Context of the Study ...... 29

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study ...... 31 B. Approach of the Study ...... 31 C. Method of the Study ...... 32

CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS A. The Content of the Songs ...... 34 a. Don’t Cry ...... 35 b. November Rain ...... 39 c. Estranged ...... 46 B. The Meaning of the Trilogy Songs 1. Literal Meaning of the Trilogy a. Don’t Cry ...... 53 b. November Rain ...... 56 c. Estranged ...... 60 2. Deeper Meaning of the Trilogy a. Don’t Cry ...... 64 b. November Rain ...... 69 c. Estranged ...... 73

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, SUGGESTION, RECOMMENDATIONS A. Conclusions ...... 78 B. Recommendations ...... 79 C. Suggestions ...... 79 D. Reflection ...... 80

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REFERENCES ...... 81 APPENDICES ...... 86

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LIST OF APENDICES

Appendix A. The Lyrics of the Songs in the Trilogy ...... 86 Appendix B. Biography of Axl Rose ...... 93 Appendix C. The Alternate Version of “Don’t Cry” ...... 97 Appendix D. The Scenes in the Trilogy Songs ...... 99

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter consists of five sections, namely Background of the Study,

Problem Formulation, Objectives of the Study, Benefits of the Study, and

Definitions of Terms. The Background of the Study covers the description of the topic and why the writer chooses it. In the Problem Formulation part, the writer provides the questions that will be answered in this study. In the Objectives of the

Study part, the writer provides the objectives of the study which aimed to make it clear. The Benefits of the Study part will cover the benefits of this study for the writer and the readers. In the Definitions of Terms part, the writer provides the definitions of some key terms used in this study in order to avoid misunderstanding by the readers.

A. Background of the Study

Literature is the expression of life through language. It can be the reflection of human’s experiences in this world. They can see that literature as a reflection of our life since it contains some kinds of human aspect in life, such as history, moral, social, psychology, and many more. Literary work depicts social reality. This is because human being and literature have a very strong relation. They have interrelationship where literary work can be the representation of social reality and

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the literary work itself can influence the society and is published to the society. We can conclude that literary work is from and for the society. Literature is also an art of language. It can amuse or entertain the reader or the listener. Sometimes, it brings the reader or the listener to the fantasy world.

Since many centuries, literature as the language art has become the media of the people to express their mind, either in imaginative literature or in unimaginative literature. This shows us that literary work has strong correlation with the reflection of people’s life or social life, remembering that they, who use literature as the way to express, are the part of the society.

Poetry as one of literary genres is an example of literary work which describes life, social reality or someone’s feeling; while some poetries may be best expressed through songs. Some poetries reflect social reality factually and are very useful for entertaining, informing, and educating about history. Based on an expert, history is not only past moments which pass away and just becomes the invaluable story, but it is more as the life learning. By learning about history, we will also find a lot of factual useful knowledge about the growth of the society. This will encourage us to be better person in our social life. Even, we will get a lot of knowledge about how to manage social environment better.

In this case, the researcher wants to analyze about a great trilogy from a legendary band named Guns N’ Roses. They are “Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”. The researcher is interested for the first time the researcher heard the trilogy. The researcher really wants to know more about the story since the researcher thinks it has a strange but interesting theme. After the researcher tried to

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analyze this trilogy, the researcher thinks that this trilogy is a kind of researchable thing for thesis.

There are some reasons why the researcher chooses this trilogy as the main subject for the study. The first, Guns N’ Roses is a great and legendary band ever.

Their songs and albums often nominated as the best song or album of the year, even the best song or album ever. Here are some awards that they won: Pitchfork Top

200 Tracks of the 90s, and Single top 100 over 1992. The second, the trilogy are great and legendary songs. The trilogy contains great songs and story that make the listeners wonder about what happened to Axl which caused him to write this trilogy.

The songs in this trilogy also have an interesting plot and great insights about love.

B. Objective of the Study

The objective of this study is to reveal the meaning of mortality as seen in

Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy; “Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”.

C. Problem Formulation

The problems of this study is formulated as follows:

1. What do the songs talk about?

2. What is the meaning of the Guns N’ Roses trilogy; “Don’t Cry”, “November

Rain”, and “Estranged”?

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D. Benefits of the Study

This study is expected to give benefit for the readers, especially the listeners of Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy; “Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged” who want to explore and identify deeper regarding the character in the trilogy and the issue related to the story of the trilogy. Each person has his/her own motivation in achieving his/her goal whether it is positive motivation or negative motivation. By reading this study, the readers are expected to be more conscious about the motivation behind someone to achieve his/her goal and the reason why he/she behaves that way. Besides, this study is expected to give a contribution for the further researchers who have similar research about the trilogy, especially in its life side, and valuable knowledge about life in this song.

E. Definition of Terms

For clearer understanding of the terms used in this study, below are their meanings:

1. Don’t Cry

It is a phrase that we usually used it to persuade somebody not to cry.

Meanwhile in this study, “Don’t Cry” is the title of Guns N’ Roses’ song about a man who was cheating on his woman.

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2. Estranged

Based on the Third Edition of Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, that word describes a husband or wife who is not now living with the person they are married to. Meanwhile at this study, “Estranged” is the title of Guns N’ Roses’ song about an expression of very deep regret after someone lose his/her beloved because of his/her own mistakes.

3. Mortality

Based on the Third Edition of Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, that word means the way that people do not live forever. Meanwhile in this study, mortality is an idiom to depict something that may come anytime or something that we can’t own it forever.

4. November Rain

In general understanding, November is the 11th month of the year, while rain is drops of water from cloud. In this study, “November Rain” is the title of Guns

N’ Roses’ song about flawed relationship. Since November is the month where winter happens, the word November here means coldness, and rain here means something that comes rapidly in a certain term. Here, “November Rain” is a metaphor for the flawed relationship, obviously linking the dreary, sad feelings of the two lovers.

5. Trilogy

Based on the Third Edition of Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, that word means a series of three books or plays written about the same situation

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or characters, forming a continuous story. It is very clear from the meaning that

“trilogy” in this study means the same. Those three songs mentioned in the

Objective of the Study (“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged) are actually formed a trilogy of Axl’s life experiences.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of four sub headings. The first is Review of Related

Studies, the second is Review of Related Theories, the third is Theoretical

Framework, and the fourth is Context of the Trilogy. The survey of the related studies is a crucial aspect of the planning of the study. The review of related studies refers to any type of study that has to do with a certain subject. It may include anything used to provide the information needed on that specific subject.

In this research the Theory of Character is used to find out the description of the main character in the trilogy. The Theory of Psychology deals with the approaches used to analyze the trilogy in this research. The Theoretical

Framework consists of the contribution of the theories and reviews applied in this study to answer the problem formulations. The Context of the Trilogy gives the readers brief explanation about anything which are going through inside the trilogy.

A. Review of Related Studies

It's about a very intense love affair coming to an end, and both partners having to accept that. It is supposed to start from the song “Don't Cry”, but a lot of people now think “November Rain” is the first in the trilogy (and the last is

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“Estranged”). One of the reasons is that the bride in “November Rain” commits suicide, which can be seen on a line of the alternate version of “Don’t Cry”: “I was the one who's washing (l.7) blood off your hands (l.8)”. After that incident,

Axl sings about his regrets in “Estranged”. If you notice a line on “Estranged” lyrics, you can find a line said: “I'll never find anyone to replace you (l.51). Guess

I'll have to make it thru, this time- Oh this time (l.52). Without you (l.53)” which indicates that Axl is now in a very deep regrets of losing Stephanie Seymour.

Lyrically those three songs are about being in love, pain, and fear. Axl is clearly grieving over a love that he has been dreaming and now is in jeopardy of being lost forever. The highlight is that hearts can change and even a candle that once burned bright cannot stay lit in darkness. Walking in the November rain is used as a metaphor for walking on a flawed relationship. There is a thought that the two of them just need a little time alone but they could find their way back to one another since time is the only thing that will heals all wounds, as seen in

“November Rain” lyrics.

B. Review of the Related Theories

The theories used in this study are the theory of poetry, theory of symbol, theory of psycho-analytic, and theory of motivation.

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 Critical Approach

Rohrberger & Woods (1976) divided the critical approach into five approaches to analyze a work of literature. The approaches are “formalist approach, biographical approach, sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic approach, and psychological approach.”

The first approach is formalist approach. Based on Rohrberger & Woods

(1971), this approach concerns with demonstrating the harmonious involvement of all the parts to the whole and with pointing out how meaning is derived from structure and how matters how technique determine structure (p.6).

The second is biographical approach. According to Rohrberger & Woods

(1971), “biographical approach asserts the necessity for an appreciation of ideas and personality of the author to an understanding of literary object” (p.6).

The third approach is sociocultural-historical approach. According to

Rohrberger & Woods (1971), “it investigates the social milieu in which a work was created and which it necessarily reflects” (p.9).

The fourth approach is mythopoeic approach. According to Rohrberger &

Woods (1971), “it seeks to discover certain universally recurrent pattern of the human thought, which they believe find expression in significant work of art”

(p.9).

The fifth approach is psychological approach. Atkinson (1981) emphasizes how personality develops. This approach is used in the study because it is relevant to analyze the character’s thoughts, motivation, love, and personality.

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1. Theory of Poetry

Poetry is the symbolic expression in language, for communication, of imaginative experiences. The complete poem reflects the unity of poetic inspiration. Poetic technique may therefore be analyzed into the technique of poetry and poems, of parts and wholes. “Every inspiration has its own unity, and every poem should have its own form, since the form must be the efficient equivalent of the unity.” The technique of words has poetic value through its contribution to this end, through entering into the organic unity of the poem’s form and meaning.

A poem is not the expression of emotion or truth or the good, but all of these in so far as they enter into a unity of imaginatively contemplated experience.

Beauty is not the purpose of poetic creation, but the sign that poetry has achieved its purposes.

a) The Study of Poetry, in Essays in Criticism (Matthew Arnold)

Arnold predicts that “mankind will discover that we have to turn to poetry to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us. Without poetry, our science will appear incomplete; and most of what now passes with us for religion and philosophy will be replaced by poetry.” The qualities of excellence in poetry lie in the matter and substance of the poetry, and in its manner in style. The substance and matter of the best poetry acquire their special character from possessing, in an eminent degree, truth, and seriousness. To the style and manner of the best poetry PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

their special character, their accent, is given by their diction, and, even yet more, by their movement. In the best poetry, these two aspects, form and matter, are vitally interrelated. One cannot exist without the other. (p.60)

b) Poetic Diction, A Study in Meaning (Owen Barfield)

Barfield conceives the history of thought and language (in the race and in the individual) as the progressive alienation of consciousness from the unity of life and mind – the displacement of the concrete, the synthetic, the poetical by the analytic, the abstract, the prosaic.

Poets are individuals who possess in a high degree the power of imaginative synthesis, and the ability to express and communicate their imaginative experience in words. The device used to achieve this end are known as poetic diction. The principal device is metaphor.

For the reader of hearer poetry has two values: (1) the pleasure of appreciation; (2) knowledge of wisdom. Appreciation and its pleasure involve a

“felt change of consciousness”; that is, the change from prosaic to poetical awareness. Appreciation takes place at the exact moment of change. It lives during that prosaic consciousness is indispensable. Without it there can be no “felt change.” Barfield maintains the paradox that the modern imagination appreciates

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The wisdom or knowledge communicated by poetry, the expansion of our intimate, immediate awareness of concrete reality, is poetry’s permanent value.

(p.60)

c) Poetry’s Sake, in Oxford Lectures on Poetry (A.C. Bradley)

“Poetry for poetry’s sake” means: (1) that the poetic experience has an intrinsic value; (2) that its poetic value is this intrinsic worth alone. Bradley adds

(3) that poetic value is lowered by the consideration of ulterior non-poetic ends in the creation or appreciation of poetry (this is not necessarily implied in the formula). Such ends tend to make of poetry a part or copy of the real world. But it is the nature of the poetry to be “a world by itself, independent, complete, autonomous.”

The real connection between poetry and (practical) life is “underground.”

Poetry and life are parallel, analogous manifestations of man’s striving for perfection. The values of real life enter the realm of poetry above ground only as aspects of the real world which poetic imagination, they are indeed mighty powers in the world of poetry.

The poem is “a resonant meaning, or a meaning resonance.” Poetic value lies in the total experience. Bradley explains the creative impulse through the necessity of form to the realization of poetic meaning. (p.61)

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d) Life in Poetry: Law in Taste (William John Courthope)

Courthope defines poetry as the art which produces enduring pleasure for the imagination by imitating human actions, thoughts, and passions, in metrical language. The poet is not responsible directly as an individual to the universal, but indirectly through his participation in national character and national ideals.

Poetry and politics are parallel manifestations of the national ethos. In poetry as in politics the ideal is in the harmony of liberty and authority.

The living synthesis of poetry is the harmony of universality and the poet’s individuality. The poet expresses his individuality by selecting conception and modes of expression harmonious with each other and with his own genius. But he does not produce vital poetry unless his genius is one with the ethos of his country. (p.64)

e) Discovering Poetry (Elizabeth Drew)

Poetry uses words to evoke and to organize experience. Poetry does not tell us about life. It is life, - a living experience peculiarly intense and peculiarly harmonious. By metaphor, the poet can fuse the physical, the emotional, and the intellectual worlds into one complex, complete and immediate act of apprehension. (p.65)

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f) Enjoyment of Poetry (Max Eastman)

Rhythm performs two functions in poetry. By producing a mild hypnosis, it silences the practical self, and at the same time stimulates and heightens imaginative realization. (p.65)

g) The Sacred Wood. Essays on Poetry and Criticism (T. S. Eliot)

Poetry does not express personal emotion. Emotions, feelings, impressions, experiences, are its materials; but poetry, combining these materials in new and unexpected ways, transmutes them into unique poetic experience. The creative mind is not a personality expressing itself, but a medium in which experiences come together in poetic fusion.

Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but the escape from personality. Of course, only those who have personality and emotions know what it means to want to escape from the “things”. (p.66)

h) The Making of Poetry. A Critical Study of Its Nature and Value

(ARTHUR H. R. Fairchild)

An adequate definition of poetry is impossible because the beginning and the end of poetry is feeling, and feeling cannot be defined. The poet deals only with images. But the images represent things that are real in life. Regrouped, they signify a new order; an order where men are or may be what they ideally wish PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

themselves to be; an order where some goal of consciousness is won, some dominant interest achieved.

The need for poetry is a “biological necessity” for some assurance of the possibility of human hopes and ideals. (p.67)

i) On Poetry in General and On Familiar Style (William Hazlitt)

Poetry is strictly the language of the imagination; and the imagination is that faculty which represents object, not as they are in themselves, but as they are molded by other thoughts and feelings, into an infinite variety of shapes and combinations of power. In another passage Hazlitt says that poetry “is not a branch of authorship,” but “the stuff of which our life is made.” (p.68)

j) The Name and Nature of Poetry (A.E. Housman)

I think that to transfuse emotion – not to transmit thought but to set up in the reader’s sense a vibration corresponding to what was felt by the writer – is the peculiar function of poetry.” “Poetry is not the thing said but a way of saying it.”

(p.68)

k) Poetry and Poets (Amy Lowell)

Miss Lowell answers the question “Why We Should Read Poetry”: We should read poetry because only in that way can we know man in all his moods – in most beautiful thoughts of his heart, in his farthest reaches of imagination, in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

the tenderness of his live, in the nakedness and awe of his soul confronted with the terror and wonder of the Universe.” (p.70)

l) Lectures on Poetry (J.W. Mackail)

Technically and formally poetry is patterned language. The essence of pattern is repeat. Pattern in language is verse. Patterned language has its own excellence and beauty, but it is not the whole of poetry. In substance, poetry is a function of life. The vital function of poetry is to make patterns out of life.

Poetry performs this function through the shaping power of imagination.

Imagination is “the likeness or echo of the divine creative power.” Its integrations of life are not inventions but flashes of insight into the hidden beauty and perfection of life. (p.71)

m) An Approach to Poetry (Phospor Mallam)

Poetry is primarily the expression of feeling. The poet strives to express poetical ideas in “minutely appropriate” language, language that: (1) conveys the logical content of the idea, (2) suggests the emotional and imaginative associations to which the idea owes its poetic potentialities, and (3) is itself beautiful and appropriate, as sound. (p.72)

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n) Thoughts on Poetry and Its Varieties in Dissertations and Discussions

(John Stuart Mill)

Mill defines poetry as the spontaneous expression of emotion. The poet may be aware that he will have an audience, but he must not betray the fact in his poem, must not let the audience influence his emotion or his expression. Mill finds an analogous distinction in music and the other arts, between signs of feeling which escape us when we are unconscious of being seen or heard, and signs we use for the purpose of voluntary communication. (p.72)

o) The Appreciation of Poetry (Ernest G. Moll)

The central aim of poetry is to communicate experience. To appreciate poetry, the reader must rise above the stereotyped reactions of commonplace practical life and share the poet’s interest in objects, emotions, ideas, fancies, foe their own sake as experience.

The poet does not, however, copy experience in its actual confusion. But the poet also creates new experience. Poetic imagination builds new entities, creates new patterns, imposes form and order upon the chaos of sensations, feelings, ideas which collectively we may call life.

A successful poem is a world by itself, a self-contained whole of experience, in which every word and every image contributes to the total effect. (p.73)

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p) Essentials of Poetry (William Allan Neilson)

The roots of poetic value are: imagination, reason, and sense of fact.

Imagination is creative activity of the mind, enriching concrete experience by the revelation of hidden meanings and implications. Reason embraces whatever rational, theoretical content a poem may have; but, more important, it embraces the whole aspect of form and technique. Realism and sense of fact occupy a peculiar position in the world of poetry.

Rhythm and meter have the important poetic function of reinforcing and heightening intensity, including a general excitement that results in a high state of receptiveness to emotional suggestion. (p.73)

q) A Study of Poetry (Bliss Perry)

Poetry is the verbal embodiment of emotion. Perry conceives poetic creation as a threefold process: (1) impression; (2) transformation of impression, through vital contact with the poet’s personality and previous experience, into emotionally loaded imaginative experience; (3) expression of imaginative experience, and the emotion connected with it, in rhythmic language.

The main principles of poetry have, according to Perry, a natural connection with strong emotional experience. Although rhythm and order are emotionally expressive, the emotional tone of every poem is unique, and every poem has therefore its own order and rhythmic pattern. (p.75)

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r) A Defence of Poetry in The Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley (Percy Bysshe

Shelley)

Reason is the analytic principle; imagination is the synthetic principle of the mind. Poetry, as the expression of the imagination. Literary poetry, as an expression of the general expansive, sympathetic, generous character of the imagination, relatively free from the prejudices and interests of particular times and places, Shelley believes to be a great moral teacher, and a real factor social progress. But it owes its didactic powers to the generality of its imaginative appeal, and would lose its power if it sought deliberately to teach the morals of its generation. (p.83)

s) Preface to Lyrical Ballads in The Complete Poetical Works of William

Wordsworth (William Wordsworth)

Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. It takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility. The emotion is contemplated by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion; kindred to what which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind. (p.85)

2. Theory of Symbol

Symbol has meaning. According to Roberts and Jacobs (1987), Symbolism is designed to extend meaning. Symbol comes in direct relationship and describes together a specific thing with idea, values, persons or way of life. However, it is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

not easy to understand. It may be despotic because sometimes it has no any connection or relationship with the object which is proposed. A symbol can appear in the form of thing, person, place, action, situation, or even the way of thinking (1987).

To understand the meaning of the symbol needs high level of imagination.

In the book “An Introduction to Literature: Fiction/Poetry/Drama” (1961),

Lawrence says that understanding a meaning of symbol is a work which needs imagination and emotion, not intellectual. On the other hand, Roberts and Jacobs believe that the object and description can be developed as symbol only within an individual work. It names private symbol. Private symbol is more difficult than universal symbol. Universal symbol uses the well-known thing, which people are familiar with that to find the meaning, e.g. culture or religion. Meanwhile, the meaning of private symbol can be found in the context of the specific work of fiction (1987).

3. Theory of Psychology

a) Theories of Character and Characterization

According to Stanton, the term character refers to two meanings. It points toward the individuals who appear in the story. In addition, it refers to mixture of interests, desire, emotions, and moral principles that make up each of these individuals. Most stories contain a central character which is relevant to every event in the story. Generally, the events cause some changes toward him or our attitude toward him. Therefore, the meaning of character can be both the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

actor/actress in the story and the characterization of the character. There must be a relationship between an actor and the characteristics she/he has (as cited in An

Introduction to Fiction, 1965).

Henkle (1977) divides the term character into two categories. The first is major character and the second is minor character or secondary character. The major character deserves our full attention in the song. It also performs the key structural function in the song. Therefore, the effectiveness of most songs depends on the ability of major character to express and dramatize the human issue of the song. While the secondary character performs more limited function and less complex than the major character (p.80).

Abrams mentions two types of character; they are simple or flat character and round or complex character. He proposes that flat character is easily recognized and remembered by readers. It describes in a single phrase or sentence.

Complex character is lifelike because the writer may see all sides of the character.

This character is difficult to describe with any adequacy as somebody in real life

(as cited in A Glossary of Literary Term, 1981).

M.J Murphy (1972: 161-173), in his book Understanding Unseen, gives more detailed explanation on how characters are presented by an author. He mentions nine ways of how an author reveals the character’s personalities and traits to the readers, like as follows:

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i. Personal Description

The author explains directly to the readers the physical appearance of the

characters.

ii. Character as Seen by Another

The Author mentions his or her characters though the eyes of other

characters in the story so that the readers can catch a reflected image of

them through the other characters’ eyes.

iii. Speech

The author gives the clues of the character’s personalities to the readers

through what the characters say.

iv. Past Life

By letting the readers know something about the characters’ past lives,

the author gives them some clues to his or her characters’ personalities.

v. Conversation of Others

The author makes dialogues about a character in the story which is

spoken by some characters in it. The readers can refer to the

conversations to know something about the character.

vi. Reactions

The author mentions indirectly a character’s personality by letting the

readers know how the character reacts to various events or situations. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

vii. Direct Comment

The author uses a direct comment to describe the characters. He or she

seems to judge them, directly, whether they are good or bad, beautiful or

ugly and the like.

viii. Thoughts

The author gives the readers direct knowledge of what a character is

thinking about. So that they can get knowledge of the personality of the

character when they read the description of what he or she is thinking

about.

ix. Mannerism

The author describes a character’s mannerism, habits, or idiosyncrasies

which may tell the readers something about the character.

b) Theory of Personality

The word “personality” originated from the Latin “persona”, which referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman Actors in Greek dramas (Hill, 2006).

According to Allport (1937), personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment.

Hill (2006) argues that personality is both physical and psychological; it includes both overt behaviors and covert thoughts; it not only is something, but PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

does it something. While Davidoff (1987) states that personality is a summary construct that includes thought, motives, emotions, interests, attitudes, abilities and the like. The writer uses the theory of personality because in this study the theory is needed to know the meaning of the main character’s personality development.

According to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality is composed of three elements. They are the id, the ego, and the superego.

The three elements which are composed by Sigmund Freud work together to create complex human behaviors.

i. The Id

The id is a component of personality which naturally comes from birth.

According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it

the primary component of personality. For example, when a baby is

hungry, she will cry. She will stop crying if the demand of the id is met,

which is drinking the milk.

ii. The Ego

According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the

impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real

world. Ego is not the whole personality, but must be completed by the

more comprehensive self, the center of personality that is largely

unconscious (Hill, 2005). In psychologically healthy person, the ego

takes a secondary position to the unconscious (Jung, 1959a) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

iii. The Superego

The superego is the last component of personality to be developed.

According to Kendra Cherry, the superego is the aspect of personality

that holds all of our internalized moral standards and ideals that we

acquire from both parents and society-our sense of right and wrong.

Freud (1964) also divides levels of mental of life into the unconscious and the conscious. While the unconscious has two different levels, which are the unconscious proper and the preconscious. In Freudian psychology, the three levels of mental life are used to designate both a process and a location.

i. Unconscious

Freud states that unconscious contain all those drives, urges, or instinct

that are beyond people’s awareness, but motivate most of our feeling,

words, and actions. While Adler (1956) defined the unconscious as the

part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated nor completely

understood by the individual. Adler then states that if we understand the

tendency of consciousness, the tendency has already become conscious.

ii. Preconscious

The preconscious level of the mind contains all those elements that are

not conscious but can become conscious either readily or with some

difficulties (Freud, 1964)

iii. Conscious

Consciousness, which plays a relatively minor role in psychoanalytic

theory, can be defined as those mental elements in awareness at any PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

given point in time. According to Freud (1964), what we perceive

through our sense organ, if not too threatening, enters into consciousness.

Adler (1964) argues that the consciousness life becomes unconscious as

soon as we fall to understand it.

Levitan and LaBerge (1991) say that the human consciousness separating from the human body and travelling in a discorporate form of physical world. The writer uses Freud’s level of mental of life to support the analysis of the meaning of mortality in Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy (“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and

“Estranged”).

c) Theory of Motivation

Motivation is an important determinant of individual’s performance.

However, as Maslow (1943) states that motivation is not the only determinant; other variables such as effort expended, ability, and previous experience also influence performance.

Beck (1978) states that motivation is broadly concerned with the contemporary determinants of choice (direction), persistence, and vigor of goal directed behavior (p.58). it indicates that motivation deals with the “way” of someone’s behavior.

Coleman (1960) mentions that there are some theories used to support the analysis of the main character’s way of thinking (p.114-116). The first is Primary and the Secondary Drives. It states that every species has some basic psychological drives of an inborn. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The second is Motives as Tension-Reducing Devices. Most of human biological functioning follows the pattern of searching a way to relieve unpleasant tension that is caused by the need. Therefore, the brain will produce the tension for everything needed by the body. The tension will cause a depressed feeling by the body. That is why human have to reduce the feeling by finding the way out.

Maslow (1970) with his theory of motivation identifies different stages and forms of motives which will motivate people in different stages of their lives. The theory also provides the relationship between the needs of people. Maslow presents the stages of need in the form of hierarchy. The direction of the need is upward. When the lower need has been fulfilled, people will fulfill the higher need. The lowest need in the hierarchy shows the most basic need of human.

Fig.1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1970)

http://www.businessballs.com/maslowhierarchyofneeds5.pdf

(retrieved March 13, 2016) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

According to Maslow (1970), the first need is physiological need. The physiological need includes food, water, oxygen, maintenance of body temperature, air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. When people do not have their physiological needs satisfied, they life for those needs and strive constantly to satisfy them (Feist & Feist, 2006, p.279).

The second need is safety needs. The safety needs include protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. The needs for law, order, and structure are also safety needs (Maslow, 1970).

The third need is belongingness and love needs, for example the desire for friendship, the wish for mate and children; the need to belong to a family, a club, a neighborhood, or a nation (Feist & Feist, 2006, p.280). Love and belongings also include some aspects of sex and human contact as well as the need to both give and receive love (Maslow, 1970).

The fourth need is esteem need, for example self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in esteem (Feist & Feist,

2006). While the fifth need is self-actualization needs, for example self- fulfillment, the realization of all one’s potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the word (Maslow, 1970).

From the theories we can draw a conclusion that are different theories of motivation. The first theory says that motivation is emerged from thoughts, feeling, and behavior. The other theory says that motivation is a result of physical and psychological needs.

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C. Theoretical Framework

The theories that are used in this study are theory of literature, theory of motivation, and theory of psychology. Theory of literature consists of three parts.

They are: the theory of character, theory of characterization, and the theory of literary approaches. These theories are important to be applied because these theories are related to the main discussion of this study.

The approach used in this study is psychological approach. The researcher chooses psychological approach because motivation is part of psychological theory. The researcher believes that this approach and the theory of motivation can help the researcher in understanding the analysis of the problems about motivation. They are used to reveal the motivation of Axl in writing the trilogy

(“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”).

D. Context of The Study

“Don’t Cry” is a song about a man who is cheating on his lady. He is telling her not to feel sad since now he has found out that she really cares with him, although he had cheated on her at first. This can be seen from the title itself, and from both the original and alternate version lyrics which contain many expressions of persuasion from Axl toward Stephanie. You can just take a look at its alternate lyrics to find other facts that may strengthen your opinion to believe that this song is a trilogy of a certain life aspect that happened in a Rock n’ Roll and Punk Rock environment at that time, especially the life reality in Rock n’ Roll PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

or Punk Rock environment (at that time), where true “love” is almost impossible to find, because men and women in these scenes tend to be “adventurous” and go around with different whores.

“November Rain” is a song about love, pain and fear. The phrase

"November Rain" is used throughout the song symbolizing a period of depression from a flawed relationship. The image of a cold rainy November day is a perfect parallel to depict these feelings. “Nothing lasts forever (l.41), even cold November rain (l.42).” That line leads up to the thought that Axl believes that love will prevail in the end. Axl ends the first act of the song with this optimistic mindset that bad times are not everlasting and they both will pass through them.

“Estranged” is a song about the most difficult time after Axl loses Stephanie

Seymour. This song is the deepest and most personal song that Axl has written.

This song is mainly about loneliness and despair caused by the irreparable loss of the person he was strongly attached to. A fact that may strengthen the statement above is at the beginning of the video where you can see an empty house and Axl was in children’s bedroom. He is in the place that holds most of his good memories. It’s like he is trying to get back to his happy situation, trying to go back to the times when everything was perfect, but at the same time he understands deep inside that he has lost the most important thing in his life at that time and it can’t be returned. He is totally lonely and in despair now. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology, which was employed for the study.

This chapter consists of three parts: Subject of the Study, Approach of the Study and Method of the Study. The Subject of the Study focuses on the analysis of the trilogy and its physical description. The Approach of the Study focuses on the way or the approach in analyzing the problem formulation and it concerns the reason why the researcher uses that approach. The researcher also discusses about the

Method of the Study. It talks about the steps taken in analyzing the problem formulation of the study.

A. Object of the Study

“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged” are very popular songs, written by Guns N' Roses. Not many people know that they are actually trilogy songs. Since the trilogy has been debated for so long time in Guns N’ Roses-die hard-fans circle, the researcher is interested to pick it as the topic of the study.

B. Approach of the Study

The study is focused on the meaning of mortality in Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy songs (“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”). Therefore, the researcher uses psychological approach. Psychological approach reveals the behavior,

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thoughts, feeling, and experience of the main character. Thus, this approach is relevant to be used in the study to analyze the psychological condition, such as the character’s thoughts, motivation, love, and personality, as seen in Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy (“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”).

C. Method of the Study

This research was conducted as the library study. The researcher uses the trilogy (“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”) as the primary source of the study. It was not a research based on the observation on the field. The researcher also used thesis and other books related to human motivation and behavior as the secondary sources to support the study.

There were some steps as the procedure in conducting the research. First of all, the researcher read and observes the main source of the study, “Don’t Cry”,

“November Rain”, and “Estranged” lyrics. Then, the researcher tried to understand and comprehend the song. It was aimed to get a comprehensible understanding of the song. The researcher concentrates more on the main character, Axl.

The next step was making the analysis by finding the character and motivation of the chosen character. Moreover, the researcher tried to find the motivation in writing the trilogy of the chosen character based on his needs.

The third step was the researcher tried to find supporting data which could support the researcher’s finding. Besides using data from the books in the library, the study also using articles from the Internet, especially for the articles or data

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which could not be found in the library, for example, a journal. After finding the data, the researcher would compile it and used it as the supporting material toward the researcher finding and opinion. Based on the main idea, this study uses psychological approach.

After finding the main data and the supporting source, the researcher tried to discuss the song and analyze his finding. In analyzing the song, the researcher used the approach and theories to answer the problems. The last step was drawing the conclusion from the result of the analysis.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This chapter answers the questions of the problem formulation which are stated in chapter I. Firstly, this chapter discusses content of the songs. Secondly, it discusses the meaning of the trilogy through library study. The trilogy consists of:

“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”.

A. The Content of the Songs

“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged” are basically popular songs from Guns N’ Roses, written by Axl Rose. Axl has modified his style and tone to fit the subject matter and mood in his poems. Here, the subject matter is the theme in his poems which are flawed relationship and regrets. Since he is a musician, he combined his mood in making song lyrics or his poem and fitted it to be a song in order to be sung.

As mentioned in the introduction part, “Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and

“Estranged” are songs about flawed relationship and regrets. The writer of this songs’ lyrics, Axl Rose has put such a good analogy in portraying the discord.

In order to make a clear understanding about the lyrics and to find its literal meaning, the researcher provides line-by-line and stanza-by-stanza analysis on the lyrics as follows:

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a. Don’t Cry

The First Stanza

Talk to me softly (l.1)

There's something in your eyes (l.2)

Don't hang your head in sorrow (l.3)

And please don't cry (l.4)

I know how you feel inside (l.5)

I've been there before (l.6)

Somethin's changin' inside you (l.7)

And don't you know (l.8)

From the stanza above, the researcher found that Axl could see Stephanie’s unspoken words through her eyes. It can be seen on the second and seventh line of the stanza: There's something in your eyes (l.2) and Somethin's changin' inside you

(l.7). Axl felt that something wrong had happened to his relationship. That something was when Stephanie was opening her eyes to the harsh realities of life; especially the life reality in Rock n’ Roll or Punk Rock environment (at that time), where true “love” is almost impossible to find, because men and women in these scenes tend to be “adventurous” and go around with different whores.

Axl knew what felt by Stephanie inside her heart at that time because he has experienced the same problem and the same mistakes in the past; and that was the

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reason why Axl stated in the fifth line on the first stanza: I know how you feel inside

(l.5). Axl loved Stephanie very much and he didn’t want her to fall in sorrow. After a long time, Axl realized that he was the one to blame, so now he admits for the mistakes he has done to Stephanie. In the other hand, actually he didn’t want to do the same mistakes he had done in the past. The sixth line of the stanza (I've been there before (l.6)) implies that Axl has experienced something bad due to his relationship in the past with Erin Everly (his former wife). This fact can be found in Axl’s biography.

The Second Stanza

Don't you cry tonight (l.9)

I still love you baby (l.10)

Don't you cry tonight (l.11)

Don't you cry tonight (l.12)

There's a heaven above you baby (l.13)

And don't you cry tonight (l.14)

Axl tried to calm Stephanie down by saying: “Don't you cry tonight, there's a heaven above you baby”. Axl realized that Stephanie was truthful and faithful to him, and she was willing to give him her love as long as he wasn’t doing the same mistakes; or simply let’s say that Stephanie was a good person while Axl wasn’t.

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We often heard that if we did many good deeds in our lifetime, heaven is surely going to be with us later in hereafter. The word “heaven” here refers to something given to someone as the appreciation of his/her good deeds. This was the reason why Axl said on a line in the second stanza by saying: There's a heaven above you baby (l.13).

The Third Stanza

Give me a whisper and give me a sigh (l.15)

Give me a kiss before you (l.16)

tell me goodbye (l.17)

Don't you take it so hard now (l.18)

And please don't take it so bad (l.19)

I'll still be thinkin' of you (l.20)

And the times we had...baby (l.21)

After they quarreled, they didn’t talk each other for long time. It seemed that none of them were willing to concede. Another possibility was whether there was no effort from both of them to talk first and say sorry in order to make everything clear or maybe one of them was afraid to talk because I guess one of them was stubborn so that he/she couldn’t accept any suggestions from the other. By the time,

Axl felt uncomfortable with that situation and he knew that she was going to leave.

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Until the time they finally decided to give a break to their relationship, Axl didn’t ask anything unless her last goodbye or even only a whisper of her last words. Now

Axl just wanted to talk to Stephanie for the last time or even only a goodbye-kiss.

Since Axl loved her very much; even after they break, Axl didn’t want her to feel sad or down in a sorrow. Axl wanted to show his caring so that he said that he would be still remember and thinking of her and all of their good times although they didn’t “walk” together anymore.

The Fifth Stanza

And please remember that I never lied (l.27)

And please remember (l.28)

how I felt inside now honey (l.29)

You gotta make it your own way (l.30)

But you'll be alright now sugar (l.31)

You'll feel better tomorrow (l.32)

Come the morning light now baby (l.33)

Axl has told all his honest feelings to Stephanie but it didn’t make any good impact on their relationship. He said that he never lied. It was not about his words or action but his love and feeling. Now that Axl has told Stephanie about how shattered his heart is, Axl hoped Stephanie will forgive him, but unfortunately not.

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Axl had to ungrudgingly let her go. And now the only thing Axl could do was only wished that she would be fine after they are apart.

b. November Rain

“November Rain” is a song about love, pain and fear. The opening statement clearly says that Axl saw the love in Stephanie’s eyes, restrained by a fear that she might be hurt.

The First Stanza

When I look into your eyes (l.1)

I can see a love restrained (l.2)

But darlin' when I hold you (l.3)

Don't you know I feel the same (l.4)

The first time Axl saw Stephanie, he felt there was a love beating inside his heart but he was still doubt to tell it to her since Axl was unsure that Stephanie had the same feeling with him; that’s why he only saw a restrained love. By the time they were getting closer and knew each other, they could throw their doubts away; even a love chemistry grew inside their relation. Until the time they were agreed to interlace a serious relationship, they finally found that they were actually felt in love one to another since the first time they met. At the third line of the first

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stanza, you’ll find a phrase said: But darlin' when I hold you (l.3). The word “hold” in here means that Axl now has Stephanie in his life (at that time).

The Second Stanza

'Cause nothin' lasts forever (l.5)

And we both know hearts can change (l.6)

And it's hard to hold a candle (l.7)

In the cold November rain (l.8)

Heart and feeling are unpredictable. Due to that problem, Axl stated in the second stanza that it’s hard to hold on and stay in a love relationship which was full of flaws, lies, and selfishness.

The Third Stanza

We've been through this such a long long time (l.9)

Just tryin' to kill the pain (l.10)

But lovers always come and lovers always go (l.11)

And no one's really sure who's lettin' go today (l.12)

Walking away (l.13)

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They have been gone through thick and thin in their relationship and they have tried to lose their ego to achieve a relationship goal they wanted in the beginning but still they were not sure about what could happened in future; it could be an eternal love or even a break apart. In this life, we all don’t know what will happen. It could be a good thing or even the worst thing. All we need is only to live in our path wisely in our every step.

The Fourth Stanza

If we could take the time (l.14)

to lay it on the line (l.15)

I could rest my head (l.16)

Just knowin' that you were mine (l.17)

All mine (l.18)

Axl a little bit blamed Stephanie for not asking him to have a conversation to talk about their problem; but since Axl was stubborn, he also didn’t ask her to have a conversation first.

In the fourth stanza, you fill find two phrases said: “If we could take the time” (l.14) and “to lay it on the line” (l.15). Based on the 3rd Edition of Cambridge

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, line is “a long thin mark on the surface of something”. Line is usually drawn in a straight point, so that the word “line” in the

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phrase “to lay it on the line” (l.15) means straighten; while what had to be straighten was their problem. Completely, those two lines of the fourth stanza above mean that if only they could take the time to talk and to straighten their problem, they might not have had to be parted.

The Fifth Stanza

So if you want to love me (l.19)

then darlin' don't refrain (l.20)

Or I'll just end up walkin' (l.21)

In the cold November rain (l.22)

Far before they were finally parted, Axl has actually told Stephanie to tell about all her feeling to Axl so that he could fix his mistakes in future. Axl has told

Stephanie that as a human, of course Axl also has a limit on his patience. Yet, Axl has tried to remind Stephanie that he might give up the relationship if there were no more stories to be told and there were no more words to be spoken. Axl wanted to be a better person, so he demanded Stephanie to reveal anything she didn’t like from him so that they both can find a way to “walk” together again.

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The Sixth Stanza

Do you need some time...on your own (l.23)

Do you need some time...all alone (l.24)

Everybody needs some time... on their own (l.25)

Don't you know you need some time...all alone (l.26)

Axl offer Stephanie to take a lonely time which can be used by her to think, to consider, and maybe to reflect about their relationship problems. Axl realized that in this situation, everyone only needed a quiet day, quiet place, and lonely time to cure the broken heart. Axl has experienced it in the past, so he knew how to respond this problem.

The Seventh Stanza

I know it's hard to keep an open heart (l.27)

When even friends seem out to harm you (l.28)

But if you could heal a broken heart (l.29)

Wouldn't time be out to charm you (l.30)

During the time they were quarreling, Axl fell in a very bad situation of mental and emotional which led him to his anger that finally brought them to a

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discord. Axl realized that at that time they were on a situation where they were no longer having each other. In this stanza, you will find a line said: I know it's hard to keep an open heart (l.27). The word “open heart” here refers to a feeling which is not owned by anyone. Since the feeling was not owned by anyone, so it was free to everyone to get there and stay. It was true that at that time they were no longer having each other in term of love but actually they were still having each other in term of Christian marriage.

Axl still expected to get back with Stephanie; but in that situation, Axl felt that none could help him to get out from their problem. Axl knew that it took a very hard effort to hold on in a complicated relationship. Very complicated so that your closest environment looks like a hell, your closest friends look live a devil, and even they can’t help you at all. Whereas, if only they both could forgive each other; and finally they get back, time was the only thing that will prove their love to others.

The Eighth Stanza

Sometimes I need some time...on my own (l.31)

Sometimes I need some time...all alone (l.32)

Everybody needs some time... on their own (l.33)

Don't you know you need some time...all alone (l.34)

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It is almost the same with the sixth stanza. But in this stanza, Axl was the one who wanted to take a lonely time which can be used to think, to consider, and maybe to reflect about their relationship problems. Axl realized that in this situation, everyone only needed a quiet day, quiet place, and lonely time to cure the broken heart. Axl has experienced it in the past, so he knew how to respond this problem.

The Ninth Stanza

And when your fears subside (l.35)

And shadows still remain (l.36)

I know that you can love me (l.37)

When there's no one left to blame (l.38)

So never mind the darkness (l.39)

We still can find a way (l.40)

'Cause nothin' lasts forever (l.41)

Even cold November rain (l.42)

Every wound left scars, even after a long time. Axl realized that there might be a fear of being tortured again inside Stephanie’s heart in future if they were finally got back. In this stanza, you’ll find a line said: “And shadows still remain”

(l.36). Axl used the word “shadow” to depict that fear of being tortured again in future.

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Axl wanted to get back with Stephanie; but he didn’t want her to talk about their past life if someday they are reunited. Because only if they can lose their ego, forgive each other, and there is still a love left inside their heart; they can love again each other. He convinced her not to be afraid of their past experiences since nothing last forever in this world, whether it is love or hatred.

c. Estranged

“Estranged” is a song about the most difficult time after Axl lose Stephanie.

It’s mainly about loneliness and despair caused by the irreparable loss of the person he was strongly attached to.

The First Stanza

When you're talkin’ to yourself (l.1)

And nobody's home (l.2)

You can fool yourself (l.3)

You came in this world alone (l.4)

Axl now is in his deepest regret since Stephanie has left him. He calmed himself down by thinking that he came to this world alone, so now it doesn’t matter if he is in a loneliness.

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The Second Stanza

So nobody ever told you baby (l.5)

How it was gonna be (l.6)

So what'll happen to you baby (l.7)

Guess we'll have to wait and see (l.8)

Axl realized that no one knows what will happen in future so he tried to suggest himself that those all “accidents” were only general life experiences which everyone may also experience it in future. Meanwhile, all we have to do is to live our life spontaneously and prepare for the worst.

The Third Stanza

Old at heart but I'm only 28 (l.9)

And I'm much too young (l.10)

To let love break my heart (l.11)

Young at heart but it's getting much too late (l.12)

To find ourselves so far apart (l.13)

Axl tried to fight his own ego after he realized all his mistakes. The battle happened inside his mind for a long time. Until the time he couldn’t bear the regrets

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that went around him, now he found that he was still young but he acted like he has been adult enough to know everything about love. He also realized that the only thing that might break his love should be the mortality; but when Axl tried to lower his ego and tried to realized that he was still young, it was too late. Stephanie

Seymour has gone.

The Fourth Stanza

I don't know how you're s'posed (l.14)

To find me lately (l.15)

And what more could you ask from me (l.16)

How could you say that I never needed you (l.17)

When you took everything (l.18)

Said you took everything from me (l.19)

Axl was in a regret and anger after he realized that now he has nothing since

Stephanie has gone. His deepest regret was when he realized that she indirectly had taken everything away from him; his heart, his feeling, his secondary life, and of course his happiness. His anger became stronger when he remembered Stephanie’s statement when she said that Axl never needed her, meanwhile she was the most important part of Axl’s life at that time.

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The Fifth Stanza

Young at heart and it gets so hard to wait (l.20)

When no one I know can seem to help me now (l.21)

Old at heart but I mustn’t hesitate (l.22)

If I'm to find my own way out (l.23)

Axl’s feeling was clearly unstable at that time since his regrets were still going surround him. He placed himself to the situation when he thought that he was an adult to strengthen himself from regrets. He suggested himself that he was an adult, so he shouldn’t hesitate to go out from his sorrow and looked for new better life.

Axl’s sadness was too deep that he felt no one could help him to get out from this problem and the only person who could helped him was only he, himself since the problem was also caused by his own fault.

The Sixth Stanza

Still talkin' to myself (l.24)

and nobody's home (l.25)

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Axl still felt deep down in a regret and sadness after all his brainstorm he gave to he himself. It was unbelievable to him that she has left him in short period while he was in his happiness to have her.

The Eighth Stanza

When I find out all the reasons (l.30)

Maybe I'll find another way (l31)

Find another day (l.32)

With all the changing seasons of my life (l.33)

Maybe I'll get it right next time (l.34)

After a long time, Axl was still thinking about the reason why he let Stephanie

Seymour gone; while after all he is now in a very deep sadness. He then promised to himself that he would be a better person in future, with all the consequences of any differences or changing situation in his life without Stephanie.

The Ninth Stanza

And now that you've been broken down (l.35)

Got your head out of the clouds (l.36)

You're back down on the ground (l.37)

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And you don't talk so loud (l.38)

And you don't walk so proud (l.39)

Any more, and what for (l.40)

Axl now defenselessly accept his fate that he only could see Stephanie

Seymour in his imagination. No more words to be spoken, and no more steps to be walked; and he felt it’s all useless.

The Tenth Stanza

Well I jumped into the river (l.41)

Too many times to make it home (l.42)

I'm out here on my own, and drifting all alone (l.43)

If it doesn't show give it time (l.44)

To read between the lines (l.45)

'Cause I see the storm getting closer (l.46)

And the waves they get so high (l.47)

Seems everything we've ever known's here (l.48)

Why must it drift away and die (l.49)

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Axl has tried too many times to look deep down in a happy moment with

Stephanie in the past. He is now facing his life all alone by himself. Axl realized that now the problem is getting worse by the time. All the memories appeared in his mind, went around his head, and reminded him to his past.

The Eleventh Stanza

I'll never find anyone to replace you (l.50)

Guess I'll have to make it thru, this time- Oh this time (l.51)

Without you (l.52)

It is very clear that in this stanza Axl showed his very deep regret and he said that he had no idea to live a life without Stephanie.

The Twelfth Stanza

I knew the storm was getting closer (l.53)

And all my friends said I was high (l.54)

But everything we've ever known's here (l.55)

I never wanted it to die (l.56)

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By the time, Axl realized that the problems were getting more and more serious and he also realized that his friends; especially his band mate started to feel about what he was experiencing at that time. That big problem was the loneliness due to his discord with Stephanie. While Axl was wondering, he suddenly remembered about what they had said in the past that he had to lower his ego and tried to maintain a good relationship with her again. Unfortunately, it was too late; and now the only thing he could do was living the rest of his life alone with the sweet memories of a good time with Stephanie. He was totally lonely and in despair and he is sinking into his regrets.

B. The Meaning of the Trilogy

1. Literal Meaning of the Trilogy

a. Don’t Cry

As the researcher analyzed at its lyrics, the researcher found some lines that may strengthen the opinion about what the song is about. The first line found in the first stanza.

There's something in your eyes (l.2)

In here, that “something” in her eyes probably means restrained tears, caused by sadness because of Axl’s treatment to her. Another interpretation of that

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“something” is her unspoken words to Axl; caused by her fears of being treated rudely by Axl.

The second line is also found in the first stanza.

And please don’t cry (l.4)

That phrase is the common statement which is often used by many people to calm someone down or to ask someone not to cry. That statement is also used by

Axl as the continuance of his apology to Stephanie in term of serious mistakes he has done.

The next lines are found in second stanza.

Don't you cry tonight (l.9)

I still love you baby (l.10)

Those lines are the expression of someone who tries to calm down and convince his/her beloved that he/she actually still loving him/her. Usually that expression is stated after a great dispute which caused his/her beloved thinks that he/she doesn’t love him/her anymore.

The next lines are found in the third stanza.

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I'll still be thinkin' of you (l.21)

And the times we had...baby (l.22)

Those lines imply a statement which is said by a person who still attached to someone; so that he/she would still remember all of their good time. Deeper, Axl didn’t want to lose Stephanie, even all the memories of them in the past.

The other lines are found in the fifth stanza.

You gotta make it your own way (l.31)

But you'll be alright now sugar (l.32)

You'll feel better tomorrow (l.33)

Come the morning light now baby (l.34)

Those lines can be simplified into a new statement where two lovers have been parted. Meanwhile, Axl was still loving her so that he had to let her go and wish that she will get the love she deserves in future.

In conclusion, “Don’t Cry” is a song about a man (Axl) who is cheating on his lady (Stephanie Seymour). After the lady has known all his lies, she was disappointed, felt uncomfortable, and finally left him. It made the man felt guilty so that he tried to calm her down and he tried to persuade her not to leave because he actually loved her very much.

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b. November Rain

There are some lines in this song which are supporting the fact of the main idea of what the song is about. The first line is found in the first stanza.

I can see a love restrained (l.2)

There is a fear that implicitly depicted inside this phrase. The word

“restrained” implies a doubt to a something. That doubt may cause by a trauma of someone’s past experiences or maybe by a threat, or something else.

The other lines are found in the second stanza.

And it's hard to hold a candle (l.7)

In the cold November rain (l.8)

Those lines can be interpreted as Axl’s fear of Stephanie in interlacing a relationship because of the doubt that she can’t hold on and survive through the hard times during their relationship.

In the third stanza, the researcher found an expression of love at some lines.

We've been through this such a long long time (l.9)

Just tryin' to kill the pain (l.10)

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Those lines implicitly refer to a struggle between two lovers to maintain their love. From the lines the researcher found that they have been through thick and thin; up and down in their relationship only to achieve the relationship goal they wanted in the beginning.

While some next lines in the third stanza represent Axl’s doubt.

But lovers always come and lovers always go (l.11)

And no one's really sure who's lettin' go today (l.12)

Those lines represent Axl’s fear about uncertainty in life due to his promise to Stephanie not to do the same mistakes again in future. Those lines imply a meaning that we all don’t know what will happen in this live. It could be a good thing or even the worst thing. All we need is only to live in our path wisely in our every step.

The whole lines in the fourth stanza give us an image of love and pain.

If we could take the time (l.14)

to lay it on the line (l.15)

I could rest my head (l.16)

Just knowin' that you were mine (l.17)

All mine (l.18)

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Those lines represent to a Axl’s willing to maintain his relationship with

Stephanie. In those lines, the researcher found that Axl loved Stephanie very much and he imagined if only he could take the time to talk, to straighten, and to apologize for the mistakes he had done, all the things were not going to be that bad and maybe they both would finally lose their ego to realize that she was very precious for him so that he wouldn’t let her go.

The next lines that showed Axl’s doubt are in the seventh stanza:

I know it's hard to keep an open heart (l.27)

When even friends seem out to harm you (l.28)

But if you could heal a broken heart (l.29)

Wouldn't time be out to charm you (l.30)

Those lines can be interpreted as Axl’s fear to have a relationship that has ever been flawed before. It is clearly stated that Axl was facing a doubt whether to keep or to let go that open heart; while open heart here means an open relationship.

Axl felt doubt about the continuous of his relationship since the situation was very bad at that time. He was afraid to go on but he believed that efforts won’t lie; so he thought that he shouldn’t hesitate.

Some lines in the ninth stanza; which is the last stanza of the song also showed an implicit expression of a doubt.

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And when your fears subside (l.35)

And shadows still remain (l.36)

I know that you can love me (l.37)

When there's no one left to blame (l.38)

Those lines can be interpreted into Axl’s fear of being experienced the same things again in future. Axl also attached a message of expectation in those lines.

Axl hoped that Stephanie could love him again in future without bobbing up and down the problems in the past; because it is definitely very uncomfortable to live with someone with the sorrow of the past.

However, some other lines in the ninth stanza are the opposite of some lines above; since the following lines showed the expression of true love.

So never mind the darkness (l.39)

We still can find a way (l.40)

'Cause nothin' lasts forever (l.41)

Even cold November rain (l.42)

In those lines, Axl conveyed to the reader that no matter how bad the situation is; it will be easier for us to face that situation as long as we have the guts and expectation; since troubles and burdens are not a big obstacle as long as there is an

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effort to get out from it. Because nothing last forever in this world, whether it is love or hatred.

From the surface interpretation of the song above, the researcher found some messages about sincere love, pain of being questionable, and fear of a relationship that has ever been flawed before. In conclusion, “November Rain” is a song about love, pain and fear.

c. Estranged

Although this song is also a popular song, unfortunately many people still have no idea about this song. After analyzing the lyrics of the song, the researcher found some new idea through the lines and stanza in the song that may strengthen our opinion about what the song is about. Most of the lines and stanzas showed the implicit meaning of Axl’s regrets and despair due to his discord with Stephanie.

When you're talkin’ to yourself (l.1)

And nobody's home (l.2)

You can fool yourself (l.3)

You came in this world alone (l.4)

This stanza showed an expression of regrets. Those lines above implied that

Axl was talking to himself since now he had no one to talk since Stephanie has gone, while Stephanie was the person who he usually talked to at that time.

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Other lines which showed Axl’s regrets are on the whole third stanza.

Old at heart but I'm only 28 (l.9)

And I'm much too young (l.10)

To let love break my heart (l.11)

Young at heart but it's getting much too late (l.12)

To find ourselves so far apart (l.13)

Those lines above showed an image of Axl’s recklessness due to mistakes and the way of thinking that he has done to Stephanie. He thought that he was an adult who knew everything about love and belongingness, otherwise he was still a young man who still tried to understand what love is at that time.

The whole lines in the fifth stanza below showed Axl’s despair.

Young at heart and it gets so hard to wait (l.20)

When no one I know can seem to help me now (l.21)

Old at heart but I mustn’t hesitate (l.22)

If I'm to find my own way out (l.23)

It was almost the same with the third stanza but in this stanza, Axl stated his despair which came along with the statement that he didn’t want to fall in his sorrow

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in a long time. He realized what he has done to Stephanie in the past, but it motivates him to be a better person; at least at that time.

The whole lines in the eighth stanza also can be interpreted as Axl’s despair.

When I find out all the reasons (l.30)

Maybe I'll find another way (l.31)

Find another day (l.32)

With all the changing seasons of my life (l.33)

Maybe I'll get it right next time (l.34)

Those lines above completely showed that after Axl realized his mistakes, he thought and thought again about what he could do in future to redeem his mistakes that he has done in the past; since he totally didn’t want to be the same person who failed in maintaining a good relationship for twice.

The other lines that showed his regrets and despair are in the whole twelfth stanza.

I knew the storm was getting closer (l.53)

And all my friends said I was high (l.54)

But everything we've ever known's here (l.55)

I never wanted it to die (l.56)

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It is clearly seen that those lines showed Axl’s regrets for all the recklessness he has done to Stephanie. He realized that bigger problems would come to him after that accident. He also realized that he was putting himself too high before; which means he put his ego higher than his love, so that Stephanie felt uncomfortable and finally left him. He was totally lonely and in despair and he is sinking into his regrets.

In conclusion, “Estranged” is a song about regrets due to the most difficult time after Axl lose Stephanie Seymour. It’s mainly about loneliness and despair caused by the irreparable loss of the person he was strongly attached to in the past.

2. Deeper Meaning of the Trilogy

After an analysis on the surface meaning of Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy (“Don’t

Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”), this study takes the trilogy into conclusion that it is a trilogy about sincere love, flawed relationship, and regrets.

Since this study deals with psychological approach, the researcher conducts the analysis on the deeper meaning by applying the theory of motivation as proposed by Maslow (1970). Maslow states that motivation is not the only determinant; other variables such as effort expended, ability, and previous experience also influence performance. In analyzing this trilogy, the researcher used the third hierarchy of

Maslow’s Theory of Motivation; which is “Love and Belongingness Needs”.

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a. Don’t Cry

In the lyrics, the phrase “don’t cry” represents an expression to calm someone down or an expression to ask someone not to cry. If we look deeper, Axl said that

“don’t cry” phrase after he quarreled with Stephanie. He said it to her because although he has broken his vow, he actually loved her very much.

Axl was a young rock star with a deviate life style which was full of drugs, alcohol, and free sex at that time. Before he married Stephanie, he has ever been married to Erin Everly but they finally divorced because of Axl’s deviate life style also. Until the time Axl found Stephanie, he told that he loved her and promised her not to do the same mistakes again. Stephanie believed him and she was willing to accept him since she also loved him; but what happened after they got married were not the same as her expectations, and that was the reason why she sad and cried.

Based on the facts above, the researcher found the deeper meaning of the song by analyzing Axl’s motivation when he was doing that action in his past life. At the previous relationship with Erin Everly, Axl was still a young man; which identically full of delinquencies. In general, the nonage is the phase where people experiencing fluctuation in their life; since it is the time where most things are changing. During the changing process from childhood to adulthood, there are many things that are faced by everyone.

Axl was a young rock star at that time; while the environment of a rock star at that time was more diverge than nowadays since they were full of alcohol, drugs, and free sex. Of course there was two desires that came to Axl’s mind at that time.

The first was the need to be free as a young man and the second was the need of his

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life style environment. Axl couldn’t handle his needs at that time so that he felt to that environment.

One of the triggers why he became a drugs and alcohol addict when he was with Erin was because he was unsatisfied with their relationship or maybe he had some vengeances with her, so that the drugs and alcohol were his getaway from his problem. Other possibilities were because of his habit. As a rock star with demanding schedule to play from a place to another place, he definitely only had a little time to spend with Erin; while based on the third hierarchy of Maslow’s

Theory of Motivation (1970), love and belongings needs also include some aspects of sex and human contact. From the explanation above, the reasons why Axl and

Erin divorced were clearly seen.

Long time after Axl divorced with Erin, he met Stephanie Seymour at a bar named “Rainbow”. It was the bar where Guns N’ Roses members were usually gathered and had some beer and liquor with their lady. By the time they often met, they felt that something grew inside them both (will be explained later in

“November Rain”) and they “thought” that they loved each other. It is match with the third hierarchy of Maslow’s Theory of Motivation (1970) which stated that one of human’s needs in term of love and belongingness is human contact.

Axl was finally married to Stephanie. Based on third hierarchy of Maslow’s

Theory of Motivation (1970), it was because the need to belong to a family and the need of sex and human contact. Axl loved her very much since she was willing to accept him no matter what he was in the past, as long as he didn’t make the same mistakes.

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They were going through thick and thin of their relationship, until a time they found a serious problem that actually Axl couldn’t fulfill what he has promised to

Stephanie. Stephanie knew it and tried to bear but after some time, she couldn’t bear it anymore. She tried to ask the fulfillment of what Axl has promised, but what happened was dispute. They were quarreling and fought over a gun. Axl finally let her win and left her (see appendix D). It is strengthened by some lines in the third stanza of the alternate lyrics (see appendix C).

I know the things you wanted (15)

They're not what you have (16)

After Axl left her alone, Stephanie found a photo inside Axl’s personal diary.

There was a girl beside Axl on that photo and she remembered that the photo took place in Rainbow bar (see appendix D). It implied that Axl couldn’t fulfill his vow since he was still doing his old life style which led him to a divorce with Erin. If we look deeper, it is because the desire for friendship and the wish for mate; as stated by Maslow. The motivation behind that action was because Axl needed to life

“normally” as a rock star at that time; where drugs, alcohol, and free sex were acceptable in the environment.

The next part is on the second stanza of the song.

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Don't you cry tonight (l.9)

I still love you baby (l.10)

Don't you cry tonight (l.11)

Don't you cry tonight (l.12)

There's a heaven above you baby (l.13)

And don't you cry tonight (l.14)

In this stanza, Axl knew that he was the one to blame so he asked Stephanie not to cry because he actually still loved her. He remembered his vow and he felt guilty because he has broken it. If we look deeper from Maslow’s statement (1970), this action was because of the desire for friendship. The friendship here was a friend relation inside their love relation. The desire for friendship here was more likely tend to a term of accompanying each other in living their life together; since loving means giving and receiving each other. The other motivation was the wish for mate since Axl remembered his promises and realized that Stephanie might left him if he didn’t change immediately.

Axl has tried to reveal all his feeling but seemed that it didn’t work well.

Stephanie had already sick of him and she didn’t want to stay anymore and she finally decided to leave him. It is strengthened by some lines in the third stanza of the song.

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Give me a whisper and give me a sigh (15)

Give me a kiss before you (16)

tell me goodbye (17)

That stanza was actually based on the Stephanie’s action to Axl. Under control of her emotion, Stephanie didn’t want to see Axl anymore and she left him without a word. This Stephanie’s reaction was because the need to receive love as stated by Maslow (1970). After all the time she had been with him, she realized that she only gave her love but what she received was not the things she wanted. Another fact that strengthened this act was on the video clip when Slash (lead guitar of Guns

N’ Roses) threw his guitar to the edge where he had a car accident (see appendix

D). In this scene, his guitar depicted a love, while the edge depicted a border of his love. In another meaning, this scene was a message to Axl that he had to accept the reality that he has lost Stephanie.

Entirely, this song is about a sincere love but it was not about a true love. This conclusion is drawn from the Maslow statement (1970) which said that “love and belongings also include some aspects of sex and human contact as well as the need to both give and receive love”. It can be interpreted that true love is a love where two lovers are giving and receiving each other. In this song, the researcher found that the main fact which caused Stephanie left Axl was because she only gave her love but she didn’t receive the love that she wanted.

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b. November Rain

In the lyrics of the song, the word “November” depicted a time of troubles and sadness since November is the month where winter occurs; while winter here means hard time. This song is directly related to the first song of the trilogy, entitled

“Don’t Cry since some meanings and sequence actions in this song were inserted into “Don’t Cry” and the vice versa.

The continuance of the wedding chapter in “Don’t Cry” was inserted in this song. After Axl divorced with Erin Everly, he met Stephanie Seymour. By the time

Axl and Stephanie often met, they felt that something grew inside them both; so they loved each other, and they finally got married. After the marriage, they live their marriage life normally like the others. What made it didn’t work normally after some time was Axl’s vow related to the story behind their marriage.

Before Stephanie accepted Axl to be her husband, she asked Axl not to do his same mistakes he had done in the past. Without any consideration, Axl agreed that statement. Actually Stephanie didn’t totally believe him at that time since he decided everything directly, and this was the reason why she had a fear inside her heart.

Now we reach a time when they found a serious problem due to their relationship; that she found Axl didn’t change and fulfill his vow. Now she started to think that her fear was right. She was fear because she knew that Axl did all the mistakes in the past because of life style; and not because an error. Another fact which strengthened that statement was on the video clip, where the Stephanie showed a worry face not long after they went out from chapel (see appendix D).

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Based on Maslow’s statement (1970), love and belongingness also include the need to give and receive love. That fear appeared because of the need to receive love, and it was true that she was afraid of not receiving the love she wanted because she knew that life style is hard to change.

Not only Stephanie who had a fear after all those things, but also Axl. He started to worry that he couldn’t hold on into the relationship. This can be seen on the third stanza of the song.

We've been through this such a long long time (9)

Just tryin' to kill the pain (10)

But lovers always come and lovers always go (11)

And no one's really sure who's lettin' go today (12)

That stanza clearly showed that Axl started to feel worry after some times he had been with Stephanie. He felt that everything could always go wrong in this life although the best has even done. The other reason why this song is about fear can be seen in the fifth stanza.

So if you want to love me (19)

then darlin' don't refrain (20)

Or I'll just end up walkin' (21)

In the cold November rain (22)

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Since now they were in trouble, their relationship was not as good as in the beginning. They had less communication, and both of them were living their life by themselves. In this stanza Axl implicitly said that if Stephanie truly loved him, then she shouldn’t hesitate; or he would just give up the relationship if there was no moral support from her during his worst time. The reason of Axl’s fear was match with Maslow’s statement (1970); it was because the aspect of human contact and his desire for friendship.

This song is also about a flawed relationship. The part of that flawed relationship starts here. After a long consideration, they finally gave a break to their relationship. They were still having each other in term of Christian marriage; but they have been separated in term of love because of flawed relationship, caused by

Axl himself. The impact of this decision was seen in the beginning of the video clip.

We can see that Axl took some tranquilizer before he went bed which means that his psychological condition wasn’t good enough after that event (see appendix D).

The sorrow of his bad days with Stephanie affected him badly, so that his fear became more serious. This statement is strengthened by some lines in the seventh stanza.

I know it's hard to keep an open heart (27)

When even friends seem out to harm you (28)

Those lines can be interpreted as Axl’s fear in going through an open relationship, since he realized that he couldn’t even took care of his closed

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relationship. He started to think about possessing Stephanie forever like what he has said in his vow. This thought was the beginning of the main idea of the song since it leads the story to the main events.

In the previous song (Don’t Cry), it was stated that the researcher found in the video clip; where Axl fought with Stephanie over a gun but finally Axl let her win. It was related to a scene in “November Rain” where Axl walked through a gun store in midnight. That scene can be interpreted into Axl’s fear that someday

Stephanie would kill him by her gun, so that he bought a gun to protect himself.

The end of their relationship was actually started from this point. On a dispute, it seemed that Axl was finally the one who shot Stephanie on her head. Another suggestion is depicted on a scene in “Estranged”, when cops and medical team ambushed Axl’s house and the medical team brought a hearse. It gives us an imagination that has been a homicide inside Axl’s house. (see appendix D).

It is strengthened by some lines of the alternate version of “Don’t Cry” lyrics.

I was the one who's washing (7)

Blood off your hands (8)

His fear was totally wrong. He then realized that Stephanie loved her very much so it was impossible that she killed him

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From the facts stated above in “Don’t Cry”, the researcher found that

Stephanie was actually a good person while Axl was the evil one. Axl’s fear was too excessive at that time. His fear was actually because his need to receive love that he has actually got from Stephanie, while he was the one who didn’t give his love to Stephanie, instead.

Entirely, this song is about fear inside a flawed relationship. In this song, the meaning of fear itself was Axl’s fear that someday Stephanie is owned by another man. That was why he murdered her by a gunshot, so that no one could own her; and so did Axl. Flawed relationship here was not a flaw inside the relation itself, but it was flawed because of Axl’s cunning who murdered Stephanie in order to make her owned by no one.

c. Estranged

Estranged is a condition where a husband or wife who is not now living with the person they are married to. From that brief title which is clearly showed the meaning of the word, the researcher found that it was because Axl wanted everyone to know that he was the one to blame. It might be his expression of an apologize.

This song is actually the climax of the trilogy since the trilogy ended in Axl’s long lasting regrets that maybe still continuing until this time.

This song considered as the last song of the trilogy since the song is about a very deep regret of Axl Rose; which was known as an ignorant person, and it completely depicts Axl’s regrets. From the statement above, the researcher concludes that the regret was very serious and the pressure was very strong. One of

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his regrets depicted on a scene in “November Rain” where there is a blood-crying

Jesus sculpture which means: as a rock star, Axl depicted himself at that time as a

Jesus (a person who is known by everyone and can do anything) (see appendix D).

There are many statements which showed Axl’s regrets after he lost Stephanie that found in this song. The first is on the whole third stanza.

Old at heart but I'm only 28 (9)

And I'm much too young (10)

To let love break my heart (11)

Young at heart but it's getting much too late (12)

To find ourselves so far apart (13)

That stanza can be interpreted as Axl’s regrets because he has messed up his own life since he has done everything without thinking forward. He thought that he was the center of the world so that he became arrogant and he didn’t notice to anyone’s suggestions due to his relation; until the time he realized that everything that he has afforded was too late and useless. The stanza also clearly showed his confession that his acts were too reckless, whereas at that time he was still a young man who still needed more experiences and advices. From the statement above, the researcher found that Axl’s regret was actually because he has nobody to love; while everyone needs love, and it is match with Maslow’s statement (1970) about the need to belong to a family and the need to receive love.

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The next statements are on some lines in the fourth stanza.

I don't know how you're s'posed (14)

To find me lately (15)

Those lines implied that Axl realized everything lately. He shouldn’t have lost Stephanie if only he could bear his ego and take his anger off early. From that explanation, Axl did that action because of the need to receive love so he doggedly asked for Stephanie’s attention, whereas Stephanie was the one who had given her love. That Axl’s need is match with Maslow’s statement (1970) about the need to receive love.

The other reason that strengthen the statement that this song is about Axl regret was found in some lines on eighth stanza.

And now that you've been broken down (35)

Got your head out of the clouds (36)

You're back down on the ground (37)

And you don't talk so loud (38)

And you don't walk so proud (39)

Any more, and what for (40)

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That stanza showed that after Axl and Stephanie had divorced, all the good memories of their good times were suddenly appeared and haunting surround Axl’s mind. Axl implicitly said that the memories were useless and it only made him sink deeper in his regrets. If only the memories came earlier when they were still together, maybe Axl would made it as a reminder that his happiness was actually his relationship with Stephanie. From the statement above, the researcher concludes that it is match with Maslow’s statement (1970) due to the aspect of human contact and the need to receive love.

In the ninth stanza, the researcher also found some lines that strengthen the statement in the paragraph above.

Seems everything we've ever known's here (48)

Why must it drift away and die (49)

Those lines implicitly said that all the good things they have done now mean nothing since they have no time to spend together anymore. There should be more good memories to be made actually if they were still together, but unfortunately it was not the way they took. This statement is also strengthened by some line in the eleventh stanza which is almost the same with the lines above, but it has deeper meaning in term of long lasting regrets faced by Axl.

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But everything we've ever known's here (56)

I never wanted it to die (57)

The only thing Axl could get from Stephanie now was only the memories of them; so that he doggedly didn’t want to forget it. From the statement above, the researcher found that Axl trapped his own in his memories, and he intentionally tortured himself within it so that he could feel what Stephanie also felt in the past; or at least he still owned her although it was just her memories.

Entirely, the song is clearly about Axl’s very deep regret caused by his recklessness in the past which caused the loss of his beloved. The word “beloved” here is not only related to a person, but also it could be interpreted as a dream. It also answered the question why this song is the climax of the trilogy, since the trilogy depicted an image of love, dishonestly, and regrets. The researcher found that the trilogy here actually means Axl’s journey in living his glamorous life which ended because of dishonesty, and finally put him in a regret; while the common problem that may ends someone’s prosperity are also wealth, throne, and love.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATION, SUGGESTIONS, AND

REFLECTION

This chapter consists of four parts, namely Conclusion, Recommendation,

Suggestion, and Reflection. Conclusion presents the points and final remark

retrieved from the analysis. Recommendation presents some recommendation

for further teaching purpose. Suggestions present some suggestions for the

future researchers. Reflection presents the value learned by the researcher after

conducting the study.

A. Conclusions

Having analyzed the meaning of Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy which is consists of

“Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged” in chapter IV, this study has come to an end. The writer has come to the conclusion of this study. This study deals with meaning and it has two formulated problems. Those are “What do the song talk about?” and “What is the meaning of the Guns N’ Roses trilogy; “Don’t Cry”,

“November Rain”, and “Estranged?” the answers of those two formulated problems are the conclusion of this study.

The first answer deals with the content of the song in Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy songs which are consists of “Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”. As described in chapter IV, the content of the songs in the trilogy are about a regret of a man who lost his lady because of flaw inside their relationship caused by him.

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The second answer deals with the meaning of Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy songs which are consists of “Don’t Cry”, “November Rain”, and “Estranged”. It involves psychological approach in order to get the deeper meaning of the trilogy. The psychological approach on the trilogy results on a finding that the trilogy can be interpreted as Axl’s journey in living his glamorous life which ended because of dishonestly, and finally put him in a regret; while the common problem that may ends someone’s prosperity are also wealth, throne, and love.

B. Recommendation

In the education field, the Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy can be used by the teachers to conduct a learning in teaching poetry. Moreover, it can also be used to develop students’ critical thinking on the sincere love, pain and fear, and regrets; especially in the context of education. The teachers can relate it to the third hierarchy of

Maslow’s Theory of Motivation, which is The Need of Love and Belongingness.

C. Suggestions

Having analyzed Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy which is consists of “Don’t Cry”,

“November Rain”, and “Estranged”, the writer believes that this study can still be developed. There are two aspects to suggest, namely:

1. For the future researchers, upon employing the theory of symbol

Theory of symbol is not an easy task to be employed. First, the researchers have to master its approach; Marxism approach. Then, the researchers should

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employ the theory to the study carefully since the Marxism approach looks for the difference between male and female’s personality. However, the Marxism approach as proposed by Karl Marx (19th century) is a perfect reference for the study since

Marx also gives examples on employing the approach.

2. For the future researchers on Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy

Upon conducting the research on Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy, the writer suggests the future researchers to use the theory of motivation in order to find the deeper meaning of the trilogy. Theory of motivation deals with psychological approach.

Moreover, the future researcher can go deeper by analyzing the emotional struggles of the song writer.

D. Reflection

After conducting the study on the meaning of Guns N’ Roses’ trilogy, the researcher found some moral values from the songs that can be implied in daily life.

From “Don’t Cry”, the researcher learned that if we love someone, we have to do it sincerely before the love is really gone. From “November Rain”, the researcher learned that we should take care of the love that we have because we never know what will happen in future; but one thing that we have to always remember is that anything can always go wrong. From “Estranged”, the researcher learned that regrets mean nothing as long as we only sink in it, while we do nothing to redeem it. It is always better for us to prevent than to cure.

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WWm on July, 2015 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Biography of Axl Rose. Accessed from: http://www.w-axl-rose.com/Bio/Bio_Axl.html on July, 2015 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

APPENDICES

A. Appendix A: The Lyrics of the Songs in the Trilogy

Don’t Cry (Original Version) Lyrics by: Axl Rose

Talk to me softly There's something in your eyes Don't hang your head in sorrow And please don't cry I know how you feel inside I've been there before Somethin's changin' inside you And don't you know

Don't you cry tonight I still love you baby Don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight There's a heaven above you baby And don't you cry tonight

Give me a whisper and give me a sigh Give me a kiss before you tell me goodbye Don't you take it so hard now And please don't take it so bad I'll still be thinkin' of you And the times we had...baby

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And don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight There's a heaven above you baby And don't you cry tonight

And please remember that I never lied And please remember how I felt inside now honey You gotta make it your own way But you'll be alright now sugar You'll feel better tomorrow Come the morning light now baby

And don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight There's a heaven above you baby And don't you cry tonight

Don't you ever cry Don't you cry tonight Baby maybe someday Don't you cry Don't you ever cry Don't you cry tonight

Retrieved March 16, 2016 from: www.gunsnroses.com/lyrics/dont-cry-original.html

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November Rain Lyrics by: Axl Rose

When I look into your eyes I can see a love restrained But darlin' when I hold you Don't you know I feel the same

'Cause nothin' lasts forever And we both know hearts can change And it's hard to hold a candle In the cold November rain

We've been through this such a long long time Just tryin' to kill the pain But lovers always come and lovers always go And no one's really sure who's lettin' go today Walking away

If we could take the time to lay it on the line I could rest my head Just knowin' that you were mine All mine

So if you want to love me then darlin' don't refrain Or I'll just end up walkin' In the cold November rain

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Do you need some time...on your own Do you need some time...all alone Everybody needs some time... on their own Don't you know you need some time...all alone

I know it's hard to keep an open heart When even friends seem out to harm you But if you could heal a broken heart Wouldn't time be out to charm you

Sometimes I need some time...on my own Sometimes I need some time...all alone Everybody needs some time... on their own Don't you know you need some time...all alone

And when your fears subside And shadows still remain I know that you can love me When there's no one left to blame So never mind the darkness We still can find a way 'Cause nothin' lasts forever Even cold November rain

Don't ya think that you need somebody Don't ya think that you need someone Everybody needs somebody You're not the only one You're not the only one

Retrieved March 16, 2016 from: www.gunsnroses.com/lyrics/november-rain.html PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Estranged Lyrics by: Axl Rose

When you're talkin to yourself And nobody's home You can fool yourself You came in this world alone

So nobody ever told you baby How it was gonna be So what'll happen to you baby Guess we'll have to wait and see

Old at heart but I'm only 28 And I'm much too young To let love break my heart Young at heart but it's getting much too late To find ourselves so far apart

I don't know how you're s'posed To find me lately And what more could you ask from me How could you say that I never needed you When you took everything Said you took everything from me

Young at heart and it gets so hard to wait When no one I know can seem to help me now Old at heart but I mustn’t hesitate If I'm to find my own way out Still talkin' to myself and nobody's home PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

So nobody ever told us baby How it was gonna be So what'll happen to us baby Guess we'll have to wait and see

When I find out all the reasons Maybe I'll find another way Find another day With all the changing seasons of my life Maybe I'll get it right next time And now that you've been broken down Got your head out of the clouds You're back down on the ground And you don't talk so loud And you don't walk so proud Any more, and what for

Well I jumped into the river Too many times to make it home I'm out here on my own, and drifting all alone If it doesn't show give it time To read between the lines 'Cause I see the storm getting closer And the waves they get so high Seems everything We've ever known's here Why must it drift away and die

I'll never find anyone to replace you Guess I'll have to make it thru, this time- Oh this time Without you I knew the storm was getting closer PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

And all my friends said I was high But everything we've ever known's here I never wanted it to die

Retrieved March 16, 2016 from: www.gunsnroses.com/lyrics/estranged.html

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B. Appendix B: Biography of Axl Rose

Born: William Bruce Rose (raised "William/Bill Bruce Bailey") February 6, 1962 Lafayette, IN

Instruments : Piano, Guitar

Band History: A.X.L. Rapidfire Rose Hollywood Rose L.A. Guns Guns N' Roses

Side Projects : Gilby Clarke's "Pawn Shop Guitars": Axl appeared as background vocalist while playing piano, Track #8 : "Dead Flowers" (Rolling Stones cover) Outpatience (West Arkeen's band) Axl appeared as background vocalist on "Anxious Disease" Don Henley : Axl appeared as background vocalist on "I Will Not Go Quietly" Meatloaf : Axl appeared as lead vocalist on "King Herod's Song", from "Jesus PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Christ Superstar" Tom Petty : Axl appeared as background vocalist on "The Best Of Everything"

Official Website: gunsnroses.com

Background & Trivia:

Axl was sexually abused by his biological father, then physically abused by his step-father, both at an early age.

Axl was raised as a "Bailey" until he discovered that his real last name was "Rose". He then began using "Rose".

The Bailey household was strictly religious (Pentecostal).

Growing up, Axl took classical piano lessons, taught Sunday school, and sang in the church (Pentecostal) choir. As a choirboy, he confused his teacher by singing high vocal parts, though he was supposed to be second baritone.

He was an outcast in school, picked on for being "different". He found solace singing in the school choir and church choir.

Axl changed his name to "W. Rose" at around the age of seventeen, later adding the "Axl".

June 6, 1985 : Axl became lead singer for GNR. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

1986 : "William" legally became "Axl".

Biological father : William Rose, left the family when Axl was two years old.

Stepfather : L. Stephen/Steven Bailey

Mother : Sharon Bailey

Siblings : Amy (Bailey) & Stuart (Bailey), both younger than Axl.

Izzy Stradlin (Jeff Isbell) was one of Axl's best friends during teen years in Lafayette, Indiana.

Despite his choral training, when the idea of joining a band first struck Axl, he didn't envision himself as a vocalist. He was willing to do anything to be a part of a group; he tried his hand at the keyboards and then changed over to bass. But by and by, Axl ended up "on the mike" out of necessity, because he was the only guy who could hit more than one note a week.

A psychiatrist once assessed Axl's behavior as "evidence of psychosis" due to "Nothing above average IQ".

Axl was prescribed lithium to combat a manic-depressive disorder; but Axl remained dubious about the diagnosis and medical treatment he received. Married Erin Everly : April 1990; Divorced 1991 (daughter of Don Everly of The Everly Brothers) Erin was in the video "Sweet Child O' Mine"

Dated model Stephanie Seymour : 1991-1992 Stephanie was in the videos "November Rain", & "Don't Cry" Axl was a huge Nirvana fan and asked Cobain to have Nirvana open up for PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

GN'R. Kurt turned Axl down and taunted him in the press. This hurt Axl a great deal. Axl challenged Kurt Cobain to a fight during the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, after Cobain and his wife, Courtney Love, egged him on.

Axl is the only original member still involved in GNR.

Axl purchased the name "Guns N' Roses", and is sole owner.

Axl stayed completely out of the spotlight and did not grant any interviews between 1994-1999.

2002 : Surprise performance at the MTV VMA's.

Last known residence : Latigo Canyon, Malibu

Beta Lebeis : Last known housekeeper - handling most of the shopping and driving.

Affiliations : Axl was/ (is?) a member of PETA (People For The Ethical Treatment of Animals).

Axl plays the voice of Tommy Smith, radio DJ of K-DST in the game "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas". The character "Axl Low" in the "Guilty Gear" series of fighting games is clearly named and modeled after Axl Rose .

Axl enjoys The Old Homestead Steak House in Chelsea (Ninth Avenue, NYC)

Retrieved April 13, 2016 from: http://www.w-axl-rose.com/Bio/Bio_Axl.html

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C. Appendix C: The Alternate Version of Don’t Cry lyrics

Don’t Cry (Alternate Version) Lyrics by: Axl Rose

If we could see tomorrow What of your plans No one can live in sorrow Ask all your friends Times that you took in stride They're back in demand I was the one who's washing Blood off your hands

Don't you cry tonight I still love you baby Don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight There's a heaven above you baby And don't you cry tonight

I know the things you wanted They're not what you have With all the people talkin' it's drivin' you mad If I was standin' by you how would you feel Knowing your love's decided And all love is real

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And don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight There's a heaven above you baby And don't you cry tonight

I thought I could live in your world As years all went by With all the voices I've heard Something has died And when you're in need of someone My heart won't deny you So many seem so lonely With no one left to cry to baby

And don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight There's a heaven above you baby And don't you cry tonight

Don't you ever cry Don't you cry tonight Baby maybe someday Don't you cry Don't you ever cry Don't you cry tonight

Retrieved March 16, 2016 from: www.gunsnroses.com/lyrics/dont-cry-alternate.html

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D. Appendix D: The Scenes in the Trilogy Songs

 The scenes where Axl fought over a gun with Stephanie and led her win.

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100

 The scene when Stephanie found a photo of Axl and another lady at Rainbow Bar

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101

 The scene when Slash threw his guitar to the edge where he had a car accident

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102

 The scene when Stephanie showed a worry face not long after they went out from chapel

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103

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104

 The scene when Axl took some tranquilizer before he went bed

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105

 The scene when cops and medical team ambushed Axl’s house and the medical team brought a hearse

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106

 The scene of blood-crying Jesus sculpture