Saltdean Lido Conservation Management Plan
Saltdean Lido Conservation Management Plan
Prepared on behalf of the Saltdean Lido Community Interest Company
by Jeremy Lake September 2016 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
PREFACE Executive summary This Conservation Management Plan sets out a vision for the long-term management of Saltdean Lido, based on understanding its historic character, context and significance. It is accompanied Conservation Management Plans aim to set out can be conserved for future generations to enjoy by a longer sourced and illustrated document – Temple to the Sun: The History and Significance a long-term commitment for the management of and experience. of Saltdean Lido – which enables the Plan to be focused on summarising the development and heritage sites, and are commonly used for those significance of this nationally-important lido. that are being or have been funded through the HLF. They do this through explaining why a place is B The purpose and contents Jeremy Lake, a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, is the author of both documents. He has significant, and how, through setting out a strategic of this and related worked in the historic environment field since the early 1980s and has – through involvement overview, that significance is vulnerable and can be documents including the writing of a Conservation Management Plan for Sandford Parks Lido in enhanced and sustained in any future restoration, This CMP is intended to guide decision making for Cheltenham – developed a strong personal interest in the history of open air pools which has repair and use. the SLCIC in any future use, alteration, development, been used in the preparation of these reports. He is especially grateful for the encouragement management or repair. and support of Deryck Chester, one of the volunteer directors of the Saltdean Lido Community A An Introduction • Section 1 summarises the historic Interest Company (SLCIC). Deryck has supplied many of the photographs and historic images development and heritage value of the site, Saltdean Lido, built between 1937 and 1938 to the used in both documents, credited to the Saltdean Lido Archive: he has also conducted some of the and its vulnerability and issues for change (its designs of London architect Richard W. H. Jones, is original research used in this document. The Saltdean Story, by local historian Douglas d’Enno, condition, and the demands of the new uses one of the finest examples in Britain of an outdoor has also been a valuable source document. Historic England, the other SLCIC volunteer directors, that will help to conserve it into the future). It swimming pool of this period. Its Streamline Conran and Partners, and the team involved in the project (see 1.5) have provided useful feedback then sets out the policies that will conserve its Modern design draws on the best conventions of since the Conservation Management Plan was first drafted in the summer and of autumn 2015. heritage value and maximise HLF’s investment. the modernist movement and it remains an iconic Finally, it sets out how the SLCIC will adopt Particular thanks are due to Neil Reddick of Conran and Partners and Alma Howell of Historic landmark on Saltdean’s seafront. It is the only lido and implement these policies. England. Eleanor Barber has also provided invaluable assistance in editing the text. in England that, in recognition of its outstanding architectural and historic importance, has been • Section 2 summarises the research on the Copyright and permissions Illustrations, plans and other original materials are used by listed at Grade II* (being upgraded in March 2011). historic character and significance of the permission of the copyright owners and acknowledged where appropriate. Jeremy Lake retains While its main building continues to serve as a site undertaken for this CMP, which is now copyright as the author of this report and the associated Heritage Assessment, (Temple to the valuable library and community centre, its pool provided in a fully-sourced Saltdean Lido Sun: The History and Significance of Saltdean Lido), under the Copyright, Designs and Patents and associated buildings have been derelict and in Heritage Assessment. This is an integral part Act 1988 with all rights reserved. However, all of the material in this and the associated report declining condition for many years: Saltdean Lido of the CMP, and in accordance with HLF can be used by SLCIC for its own purposes, with due acknowledgements and on the usual was placed on Historic England’s ‘Heritage at Risk’ guidance it is presented as an appendix. It understanding that such licence does not cover commercial use of the material by the applicant register in October 2011. is also available as a separate downloadable document (Temple to the Sun: The History or any third party. The Saltdean Lido Community Interest Company and Significance of Saltdean Lido) for those (SLCIC) was set up in 2012, following the success of interested in the history of Saltdean Lido, the Confidentiality Jeremy Lake undertakes to respect all requirements for confidentiality about the Save Saltdean Lido campaign to stop residential surrounding area and the history of outdoor the client’s proposals provided these are clearly stated, and undertakes to keep confidential development at the site. It developed a robust pools. any details of the site, findings of this report and its recommendations until such time as the business plan to give the lido a sustainable future information is in the public realm. and in December 2013 gained the lido’s 60 year This CMP should be read in conjunction with several lease, as offered by the freeholders (Brighton and other reports and studies, as set out in section 1.6. Disclaimer This report and its findings should be used a whole; the author will not be held Hove Borough Council). The SLCIC has a website responsible for any information extracted from this report and used out of context. (www.saltdeanlido.co.uk) which provides a constant update on work in progress. Work has already C Understanding Jeremy Lake begun to restore the swimming pools, and a plant Saltdean Lido September 2016 room to the west of the site has been built. Funding for this first phase of the project has come from Historic character local supporters as well as other grantors, notably Saltdean Lido was designed in the Streamline the Coastal Communities Fund, Social Investment Modern style as the focal point of the new coastal Bank and the Peoples’ Millions. Funding through resort of Saltdean by the London architect R. W. the HLF’s Enterprise grant and other sources will H. Jones (1900−65). It is set at the heart of a valley underpin the restoration of the main building. The and faces due south towards the sea. Saltdean was aim of the SLCIC is to restore the lido into beneficial developed by Charles Neville as a premier coastal and commercially sustainable new use, so that it resort to enhance and extend Brighton’s tourism
1 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan industry to its eastern border. The lido was one of closed in 2011, six years after the closure of the with the Ocean Hotel survives as a unique • Extensive failure of the brick cavity wall two fashionable open air pools at the resort which Ocean Hotel in 2005. example of leisure and tourism facilities construction of the 1960s extensions, including served to elevate Saltdean’s status in the golden age developed within a resort developed in the its foundations. of the seaside holiday. The other pool belonged to same period. • Corrosion of the 1930s−1960s metal windows, the Ocean Hotel (Saltdean Lido’s sister building) – Heritage significance which also need to be removed to enable repair also designed in the Streamline Modern style by the of the concrete. same architect. Saltdean Lido is the only lido of the inter-war period Aesthetic value – The significance of its design listed at Grade II* in recognition of its outstanding and how it affords the experience and enjoyment • The need to restore the 1930s Esavian doors Open air swimming pools, often termed lidos, importance as an example of Streamline Modern of the lido in its setting which open from the first-floor cafe/ restaurant reached a peak of popularity in the period between design. Around 8% of all listed buildings are listed onto the sun terrace. the two world wars, responding to an increasing at Grade II* or Grade I, these categories being in • Saltdean Lido one of the most significant popular desire to enjoy the benefits of sun, open recognition of their exceptional and outstanding examples of Modern Movement architecture air and exercise. They also formed a focal point of significance in a national and sometimes in Britain. It is the only example of a lido in the The restoration project of Saltdean Lido has been community life and the holiday season in many international context. There are no comparable Streamline Modern style. split into two phases. The first phase comprises the parts of the country. Saltdean Lido was designed examples elsewhere in Britain. This CMP has • Saltdean Lido is significant for the way that external works which include: the reinstatement of with all of the features that one might expect of used the heritage values from Historic England’s the main building, pools and landscaping was the 1937 pool tank, a new plant room, paddling pool, open air pools as they had developed up to the mid- Conservation Principles, referenced in national designed and intended to be experienced as and landscaped grounds. Capital for these works 1930s: a pool, a children’s pool, a diving board, areas planning guidance and now in common use for an integrated whole, and as a local landmark has been provided by the Coastal Communities for relaxation and sport, and buildings for changing, heritage conservation. In summary: building. This is a key element of the site’s Fund (CCF), Social Investment Business (SIB) fund, refreshment and servicing the pool. The architect significance in its local setting, and in a British and Big Lottery. Funding through the HLF grant used load-bearing techniques developed in this and European context. and other sources will underpin the restoration of period to give the design lightness in appearance Saltdean Lido’s main building. In addition there will Evidential value – The significance of Saltdean with strong horizontal streamlined appearance. be some funds raised from the local community. Lido and its fabric as a surviving example of its Curvilinear changing rooms and upper sunbathing Plans for community shares commenced late in type Community value – Its significance for local decks flank either side of a central rotunda which people and users 2015. The SLCIC will remain the custodians and housed a first-floor restaurant and a spiral stair • Saltdean Lido is one of the best-preserved leaseholder for the site, whilst two specialised encased with a glazed screen at ground-floor level. examples in England of an outdoor public • Saltdean Lido is valued by its local community operators will be contracted to manage the pool, swimming pool or lido. It is one of only 19 out as a place for community and family- catering, and hire facilities. The lido opened in May 1938 to national acclaim of 203 recorded outdoor pools in England that based sport and recreation, as a library and in the architectural press. It was forced to close in has retained as a coherent suite the key historic community centre. Generating income through restoration as a lido summer 1940, at the height of the Battle of Britain, elements of an inter-war lido. and venue, sustaining its community use and and in 1941 was requisitioned and used for training • Saltdean Lido can be revived as a venue that adding modern leisure facilities is clearly the best • The north part of the 1937−38 building has been by the National Fire Service. Apart from occasional contributes to tourism and the prosperity of the way of sustaining, conserving and enhancing extended and remodelled from the 1960s, but use for church services, the lido remained unused Brighton area. its heritage values. These will bring their own retains its most significant southern elevation, for many years until Brighton Borough Council • Saltdean Lido’s design affords a unique pressures in terms of pressure on loading, on fire, features and first-floor terrace restaurant. acquired the site in 1961. It then began to assume recreational experience for families and groups. sound proofing, on access and on potential health increasing importance as a community building, in • The 1960s extensions, whilst being of lesser and safety risks. Of particular concern as identified response to demand from local youth for community interest, attempted to be sympathetic in scale risks are the following: facilities. It was extended to the north and reopened and treatment (although these additions lost D Vulnerability and issues in 1964 as a combined lido, community centre and the building’s symmetry). for change • Ensuring expert repair of the concrete, library. This desire for a flexibility of use, although including restoration of the central rotunda and resulting in significant alterations to the 1930s lido, In 2010 Saltdean Lido was placed on Historic ensuring that future use is dry and no longer was undoubtedly a significant factor in ensuring Historical value – How the Lido illustrates England’s Heritage at Risk Register. Disuse exacerbates its condition. Saltdean’s survival and use as a lido during the most historic developments and lack of funds, in combination with the local • Retaining the crispness and clean lines of the intense period of closures from the 1970s. environmental conditions and latent design 1930s design. • The survival of the whole lido, and the evidence characteristics, have led to rapid deterioration of In 1994, due to rising maintenance costs the council for how it was planned, designed and adapted, the historic fabric, of particular importance being: • Minimising any internal condensation, which closed the pool and put its 125-year-lease out for reflects important developments in 20th will exacerbate corrosion, and ensuring that tender. A business consortium bought the lease and century social history, in particular changing • Extensive degradation and delamination of any replacement of the metal windows and the cost of repairs was financed by the sale of land attitudes to the integration of social groups, the 1930s concrete structure, this being most Esavian doors for all-year use and thermal behind the lido. During this period of renovation families, children and youth. severe on the seaward elevation, and structural performance will be on a ‘like for like’ basis the pool was divided into two and the ground floor failure (extending to the foundations) of the which works with the original design. • The lido occupies a significant place in the was further subdivided into a health suite. It finally central projecting rotunda. development of seaside resorts, and together • Ensuring that any works, including
2 3 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
replacement, of the 1960s extension are G Implementation subservient to the form, scale and significance Contents of the 1930s lido building. The CMP will be implemented through the current plans for restoration and any long-term plan for Section 1 Section 4 maintenance. E Conservation principles Introducing the Conservation Conservation policies 41 Management Plan (CMP) 6 and policies • An outline Heritage Impact Assessment 4.1 Policy and research opportunities 41 summarises the risks and benefits for 1.1 Purpose, scope and ownership of the CMP 6 4.1.1 Increased awareness of the heritage This section sets out the guiding principles for restoration. This forms the basis of the 1.2 Conservation principles and the and community values of lidos 41 sustaining and enhancing the heritage significance Heritage Impact Assessment for capital works structure of the CMP 7 of the site, and for education and outreach. Open which SLCIC is required to produce for capital 4.1.2 Planning and heritage 43 air swimming pools, and specifically Saltdean works projects submitted to HLF. 1.3 Participants 7 4.2 Education and outreach 43 Lido, meet a range of targets outlined in the 1.4 Stakeholders and consultation 8 4.2.1 Heritage policies 45 Government’s health, social cohesion and heritage • This CMP can then form the basis of a 1.5 Sources and expertise 8 4.2.2 Education and outreach policies 47 agendas. Policies are designed to ensure that the separate ten-year costed Maintenance Plan, site’s heritage value is conserved and enhanced, together with a proposed management 1.6 Authorship 8 while upgrading its facilities in order to provide an structure to ensure adequate resources, management, reporting, monitoring and Section 5 income for its long-term future. Adoption and review of the CMP 49 review. Section 2 Understanding Saltdean Lido 9 5.1 Adoption 49 F Adoption and monitoring 2.1 The historic character of Saltdean Lido 9 5.2 Monitoring and review 49 The CMP will be formally adopted by the SLCIC as 2.1.1 Historic context and origins 9 a key policy and management document, and forms 2.1.2 How the site developed 13 an integral part of its bid to the HLF. It shall also be Section 6 2.2 The heritage significance of monitored and reviewed by the SLCIC and agreed Implementation of the CMP 50 Saltdean Lido 19 stakeholders at agreed key stages. 2.2.1 Evidential value 20 6.1 Heritage Impact Assessment 50 6.2 Maintenance plan 55 2.2.2 Historical value 21 6.3 Quinquennial inspection 55 2.2.3 Aesthetic value 22 2.2.4 Communal value 25 Section 7 Sources 56
Section 3 Vulnerability & issues Section 8 Appendices 58 for change 27 8.1 List description 58 3.1 Condition 27 3.2 Funding and restoration issues 30
3.2.1 Funding restoration and long-term use 30 Abbreviations 3.2.2 Needs and expectations of users 30 HLF Heritage Lottery Fund 3.3 Options for and vulnerability to change 31 CMP Conservation Management Plan 3.3.1 The whole site 31 BHBC Brighton and Hove Borough Council 3.3.2 Risks and opportunities 33 SLCIC Saltdean Lido Community Interest 3.3.3 The main building 35 Company 3.3.4 Setting and neighbourhood issues 37 3.3.5 Knowledge gaps 38 The lido awaiting restoration, showing the strong streamlined form of the 1930s design. From the Saltdean Lido Archive.
4 5 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
This work has tapped a rich seam of local enthusiasm The contents follow guidelines for the compilation Section 1 for the lido. Each of the three Saltdean Lido Family of Conservation Management Plans by the HLF: Fun Days, run between 2010-2013, were attended Introducing the Conservation by over 68,000 people. Since 2014 there have been • Section 1 introduces the site, the sources used Management Plan (CMP) regular heritage tours of the lido (for example as part and key stakeholders. of the Brighton and Hove Open Door Weekend). • Section 2 summarises the site’s historic These have been heavily oversubscribed. development and its heritage significance. 1.1 Purpose, scope and The core aims of the SLCIC are to: The CMP was prepared over 2015 and – after • Section 3 explores the issues facing Saltdean ownership of the (CMP) • conserve the lido for present and future amendment of the plans for the restoration of Lido, focusing on the condition of the building generations to enjoy and experience This Conservation Management Plan (CMP) the lido following the results of further intensive and how its restoration and continued focuses on the heritage of Saltdean Lido to the east • ensure that it continues to provide leisure, structural analysis – revised in July and August maintenance will be funded through grants of Brighton, in the context of its surrounding area, recreational and community facilities, and 2016. and its continued use of Saltdean Lido as a lido, the development and survival of open air pools and regular events that can benefit local people library and community centre. Modern Movement architecture. The CMP has been • retain the lido as a resource for the community • Section 4 sets out the policies for looking after prepared in advance of the detailed bid for Round and a catalyst for economic growth, through 1.2 Conservation principles Saltdean Lido’s heritage with reference to the Two funding to the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF), all-year use, attracting visitors and providing and the structure of the requirements conferred by its grading as a in order to restore and bring back into beneficial employment and volunteering opportunities Grade II* listed building. use this nationally-important site which includes CMP • Section 5 sets out how the CMP can be adopted the Grade II* listed Streamline Modern building. • focus on using the site for educational learning, and engaging with people to learn more about The principal challenge for all heritage assets and reviewed by the SLCIC. The CMP will be formally adopted as a key policy is how to accommodate the changes necessary Saltdean Lido’s history and the heritage of UK • Section 6 sets out how the CMP will be and management document by the Saltdean Lido for prolonging their life without losing what lidos implemented, including an outline Heritage Community Interest Company (SLCIC), who will be is special about them. This is at the heart of the Impact Statement for the capital works and the responsible for implementing and updating it. The Constructive Conservation approach pioneered by recommended contents for the management CMP and its accompanying document (Temple to Historic England and its Conservation Principles the Sun: The History and Significance of Saltdean All of SLCIC’s seven volunteer directors are plan. local residents with a range of skills covering for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Lido) is available on the SLCIC’s website (www. Environment.1 saltdeanlido.co.uk), which provides a constant management, legal, heritage and constructional/ update on work in progress. planning issues. Its core objective is to ensure • Principle 1: The historic environment is a 1.3 Participants the site is fully restored and safeguarded by a shared resource Saltdean Lido, opened in 1938, is one of the finest sustainable economic plan, delivered through the The CMP was prepared in co-operation with the examples in Britain of an outdoor swimming resort following actions. • Principle 2: Everyone should be able to SLCIC and the consultants working on the plans and the finest example of one with a building participate in sustaining the historic for the restoration and development of the lido (see designed in the Streamline Modern style of the • Liaison with the local business community, environment 1.5). Key volunteer directors with SLCIC are: local residents and Brighton and Hove period. It is the only inter-war lido that, in recognition • Principle 3: Understanding the significance of Borough Council (BHBC) on a regular basis, • Michael Bennett (Client Project Lead & Legal of its outstanding architectural and historic places is vital importance, has been listed at Grade II* (being in order to communicate and gain support for Advice) • Principle 4: Significant places should be upgraded in March 2011). While continuing to serve its plans for the site and how it can benefit the • Deryck Chester (Conservation Advice, research managed to sustain their values a valuable function as a library and community local community and a nationally-designated & Activity Plan Lead). heritage asset. • Principle 5: Decisions about change must be centre, the pool and associated buildings have been • Rebecca Crook (HLF Liaison and spokesperson reasonable, transparent and consistent derelict and in declining condition. Saltdean Lido • Production of regular community newsletters. & Activity Plan Lead) was placed on the Historic England ‘Heritage at • Leading research into the local history • Principle 6: Documenting and learning from Risk’ register in October 2011. • Philip Haslam (Business plan) and recollections of the lido, supported by decisions is essential In 2012 a team of local volunteers, formed out this document and the findings contained of the ‘Save Saltdean Lido’ campaign to prevent in Temple to the Sun: The History and Significance of Saltdean Lido. 1.4 Stakeholders and proposals made in 2010 to redevelop the site, came consultation together to form a Community Interest Company. 1 English Heritage (2008) Conservation Principles. Policies In December 2013 the Saltdean Lido Community and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the SLCIC has held numerous events from 2013 to Interest Company (SLCIC) was granted a 60-lease Historic Environment, English Heritage, Swindon. This was publicise and discuss its evolving plans for the developed by Historic England in 2008, and is referred to in by Brighton and Hove Borough Council (BHBC), HLF and national planning guidance. It is now in regular use lido, and has consulted over 5,000 people and who had taken back the lease from the developer. in order to deliver constructive conservation for heritage sites. 100 local businesses. Of those questioned, 98% in Since then it has been working to restore the lido the most recent survey stated that they approved into sporting and community use, with funding from the local community and others (see 3.2.1). 6 7 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan and supported SLCIC’s plans to restore the lido • Conran and Partners have worked on a number and enhance its leisure and community facilities. of 20th century listed buildings including the Section 2 Consultation with local councillors, community restoration of Brighton’s Embassy Court flats focus and youth groups (particularly Saltdean and Richard Seifert’s Centre Point tower block Understanding Saltdean Lido Residents Association and Saltdean Community in central London. This section summarises the historic character infrastructure, with improved transport links to Association), has also underlined the importance of • AECOM Consulting Engineers and Dr John and heritage significance of Saltdean Lido, as Brighton – and the lidos at Rottingdean and Black providing enhanced community facilities and access Broomfield for their specialist skills for the set out in the appendix Saltdean Lido Heritage Rock – were completed by a widened coastal road to the lido. Consultation with the local community conservation of 20th century structures. Assessment. and the new Undercliff Walk. and the greater Brighton area by Tricolor, as part The London architect Richard W. H. Jones (1900−65), of the HLF Round One stage, has also highlighted • Northgates for quantity surveying. 2.1 The historic character of designed some of these houses, and the extension to the strong interest in ‘modernist architecture’, and • Artelia for project management, heritage Saltdean Lido the Tudor House Hotel in Rottingdean. The estate ‘swimming, sport and the lido movement’, and using projects including work at the royal naval then took Jones on to build the spectacular Ocean this in interpretation of the site. Saltdean Lido was built in 1937-8 to the designs of dockyards at Chatham and Portsmouth, Hotel and Saltdean Lido in the newly fashionable Bletchley Park and HMS Victory. the London architect Richard W. H. Jones. It formed The SLCIC is consulting extensively on the current together with the Ocean Hotel, also by Jones, the Modernist style. The new lido signaled Neville’s proposals for the restoration and development • Delta Green Environmental Design for thermal centerpiece of the new seaside development at intention to emulate local authorities’ leadership of Saltdean Lido, including for the obtaining of modelling and environmental assessment of Saltdean. in the construction of open air swimming pools as planning/listed building consent from Brighton and the building, ensuring that key issues for the new places in the vanguard of social change and the Hove Borough Council and Historic England, who lighting, ventilation and temperature control of ‘Saltdean is richly endowed by nature with all drive for fitness. A swimming pool also formed the provide advice on Grade I and II* listed buildings the building are integrated at the earliest stage. the essential characteristics required to make focal point of the Ocean Hotel, which was sited with in their role as statutory consultees for the historic an ideal seaside resort. Directly overlooking views of the lido and Saltdean Vale. • Tricolor, who have worked on a wide variety the rolling waters of the channel, it lies in a environment. National amenity societies (most of heritage sites, for the business plan and The lido and the Ocean Hotel was requisitioned relevant being the Twentieth Century Society) wonderful valley enfolded in the majestic operating model for the restored lido, and also South Downs.’ and used for training by the National Fire Service, are notified of proposals to buildings of this the activity and interpretation plan. formed in August 1941 in response to the need for co- Promotional brochure for the new resort at significance and may have an opinion to express on ordinated training for fighting the effects of enemy the proposals. There is also considerable local expertise. Douglas Saltdean, 1927. d’Enno, who has published the standard work on bombing. The lido was also used, until February As well as being hosted on the Saltdean Lido Saltdean’s history, has collaborated with Deryck ‘This is a remarkably restrained design; it has 1949, for church services. After lying derelict for website (saltdeanlido.co.uk), hard copies of the final Chester on the compilation of material relating to a well-shaped curvilinear plan form, and in the many years Brighton Council finally acquired the version of this CMP will be sent to local libraries, the development of the lido and of Saltdean as a treatment of the elevations there is a sensitive lido and the Oval Park from the Saltdean estate East Sussex Record Office at Falmer (The Keep) and resort. Deryck Chester has also conducted additional appreciation of line and massing which is in 1961. The lido was extended to meet growing the Historic England Archive in Swindon. research and contributed to both documents. unusual in buildings of this character’. demand for a local library and community facilities, including for the growing settlement’s youth. The Leatheart, J. R. (1938) ‘Current Architecture’ in concourse was greatly reduced in size. In 1997 the Building, October 1938, 412. remaining part of the concourse north of the curved 1.5 Sources and expertise 1.6 Authorship wings was infilled and subdivided to enable partial This CMP presents an account of how Saltdean Lido The author of this document is Jeremy Lake. He has 2.1.1 Historic context and origins use of the north wing as a surgery. Subsequently the developed. For the results of the historical research long experience in vernacular. He has worked with swimming pool has been accessed externally from and field survey undertaken see the separate the National Trust and in private practice, and since Saltdean Lido was designed as the focal point of Saltdean Park Road south of the lido building, via a downloadable document (Temple to the Sun: The 1988 with Historic England, where he has contributed the new coastal resort of Saltdean. The developer, new set of gates close to the end of the eastern wing. History and Significance of Saltdean Lido), which is to many aspects of policy and practice, undertaking Charles William Neville (1881−1960), had since the sourced and more fully illustrated. The analysis of casework and area survey in many parts of England First World War undertaken the development of the historic character and survival of Saltdean and and then helping to develop modern techniques of a substantial area to the east of the world-famous other open air pools benefits from the compilation thematic assessment on military-industrial, chapel coastal resort of Brighton. Saltdean was sited by the author of an Inventory of Open Air Pools, and farm buildings, and then forward strategies and between two contrasting developments by Neville, archived with Sandford Park Lido in Cheltenham, new ways of assessing rural landscapes, settlements namely the residential grid layout providing bringing a variety of different sources into a single and their heritage. He has published widely on affordable seaside homes in Peacehaven to the east, database which summarises the survival, date and many topics. His wife is a trustee of Sandford Parks and a mix of Modern and high-quality Tudor-style other details of all documented sites. Lido in Cheltenham, and he wrote the Conservation buildings in and around the medieval village of Plan for that site in 2009 which is referred to in this Rottingdean to the west. Saltdean was distinguished The CMP has drawn upon the expertise of key document. He has also lectured and published on by its mix of historic and modern house styles and partners in the project to restore Saltdean Lido: the archaeology and significance of Sandford Parks its planning on Garden City principles around a The lido before it last closed, showing the central and lidos in their national and international context. park (called The Oval) which was set in the lowest- rotunda with its fountain. From the Saltdean Lido lying land of the vale within which the settlement Archive. was planned and developed. By 1935 Saltdean’s 8 9 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Photographs from The Architect and Building News, August 1938, showing exterior and interior views of the first-floor restaurant with its folding doors. Note the exterior floor tiles and the interior smooth lino flooring, replaced in the 1960s by parquet flooring.
Views of the rotunda and southern elevation of the lido in 1938-9, showing the pool with its fountain. From The Architect and Building News, August 1938 (left) and the RIBA Photographic Collection 41868 (right).
Aerial view of Saltdean taken in July 1949, showing the resort as it developed up to the Second World War with its mixture of modern and Tudor-style houses sited around The Oval. From The Aerofilms Collection, Historic England EAW024797. View of the rotunda from the east in 1938, showing the bar area around the curtain glazing that encloses the spiral stairs removed in the 1960s.
10 11 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
A tinted Wardells 2.1.2 How the site developed The whole building was built in reinforced concrete, postcard from internally painted and externally sprayed to provide 1939, showing the Saltdean Lido was designed with all of the features a ‘rough matt surface’. The engineers for both the Ocean Hotel and that one might expect of open air pools as they had hotel and the lido were J. L. Kier and Company, the development developed up to the mid-1930s − a pool, a diving well-known by this period for their ability to completed up to board, areas for relaxation and sport, and buildings work in reinforced concrete for groundbreaking that date. Image for changing, refreshment and servicing the pool. Modernist buildings such as the High Point from the Saltdean The lido is sited within a broadly triangular site, 1apartments in Highgate, London, by the architect Lido Archive. bounded to the east and west by roads, and to the Berthold Lubetkin (1935). The system used for the south by the main coastal road with the tunnel to construction of Saltdean Lido is not specified in any the Undercliff Walk. At the top (north) end of the plans or correspondence, but it is typical enough triangle was a boating pool. Timber panel fencing for the period in that the reinforcement is integral set into concrete posts surrounded the site. The to walls of around 5 inches in thickness. These are building faces south to embrace the main pool. sufficient to support the ceiling slabs of the outer Jones designed a crescent-shaped building with wings, which are only 16 foot (4.8 metres) wide. A changing rooms and first-floor tea terraces for sun variety of different patented systems for reinforced bathing flanking a projecting foyer and first-floor concrete developed in the early 20th century in restaurant, which with its kitchen extended into the Europe and the United States. A British Code of block projecting to the north. A spiral stair within Practice (CP 114) for reinforced concrete was not the rotunda provided access to all floors, and was introduced until 1948. encased with a glazed screen at ground-floor level. The café and restaurant was originally floored in Circa 1980s steel columns and beams provided linoleum supplied by the Standard Pavements additional support for the central block. This central Company. Placed below this was the entrance area functioned as a colonnade for the ground floor concourse, open to the main entrance from the of the central rotunda, then continued as mullions east and providing access to the western side and for the surviving Esavian doors where they folded boating pool. To the north of the concourse was a onto the front terrace. These doors, manufactured plant room/fuel store accessed from the service yard by the Educational Supply Association, were used to the north, and to the east a stair hall providing in this period to let air and sunlight into hotels, access to the staff room and W.C. and up a staircase sanitoria, schools and other buildings. Glazed to the restaurant kitchens. doors (since removed), also with horizontal glazing bars, provided access from the changing rooms The width of the pool – designed to be 140-foot long to the poolside area. The proportions of the metal – averages 50 foot but varies due to the northern side windows – also with horizontal glazing bars - are being curved to follow the line of the main building. also integral to Saltdean Lido, and its architectural An additional paddling pool for children was significance as a Grade II* listed building. The provided in the south-west corner of the site, and Crittalls Manufacturing Company, founded in 1889 the area between the main pool and the southern in Braintree in Essex, supplied the windows for boundary was made up as an artificial sand beach Saltdean Lido. It was the major national supplier with play areas – an idea taken from the resort pools of standard metal windows in the 1920s and 1930s, that had developed since 1913 in the United States. using them for its own model housing (now a Promenades surrounded the pools, with the drawings conservation area) around its Silver End factory2 showing ‘Cullamix’ ceramic tile paving extending to and Modernist icons of the period such as Walter The lido from the south west, c. 1970. From the Saltdean Lido Archive. the main building. Blue ‘Cullamix’ ceramic tiles lined Gropius’s Bauhaus building at Dessau (1926) and the pools.
The plant room and its associated infrastructure 2 The original Silver End Garden Village, which comprises played a vital role in pumping heated and purified the Conservation Area, was developed between 1926 and 1932 water for the pool. The plant room was renewed in by Francis Henry Crittall to provide a new factory and housing for his workers. Crittall windows were used for both traditional the 1960s, with some earlier elements being reused. and Modern Movement houses, including the 1927 listed The fountain, also lined with ‘Cullamix’ tiles and houses by Tait and MacManus. See Silver End Conservation placed to the centre of its north side, served to Guide, Braintree District Council Supplementary Planning Guidance, 1999; Silver End Conservation Area Appraisal, aerate the water flowing into the pool. Braintree District Council, 2014. See www.braintree.gov.uk/ downloads, accessed 26 August 2015
12 13 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Owen Williams’s Boots Factory at Beeston near associated services. This necessitated the removal Ground Floor Plan Store Staff Room Room
Nottingham (listed Grade I). of the small boating pool. Despite the difference Service Entrance to Staff Area Lift & Kitchen Area in construction, with cement render over cavity Plant Room The photographs in The Architectural Review, Toilet Switch brickwork, the architectural appearance closely Boiler taken in the summer of 1938, show light-coloured Flue Room matches the original with similar metal windows Main Entrance walls contrasting with darker treatment for the The light lines within the symmetrically set in plain cement-rendered and changing areas indicate Concourse architectural features. Paint analysis by Crick Smith, rails, cubicles and shelves. painted walls; portholes add a nautical flavour. Hall Hall undertaken late in 2015, shows that the walls were Foyer Paint analysis shows that the walls were treated in a Female Male Changing treated in a pale yellow cream oil paint and a pale Clothes Clothes Changing pale yellow oil paint and the darker features in mid Store Store Towel Towel blue/mid green was used for the doors, windows, blue. Postcards from the second half of the 1960s, Store Store balcony railings and downpipes. Mid green was also however, show white as the overall colour. The Changing Changing used for the columns in the first-floor restaurant. windows to the east and west sides of the central Cubicles Kiosk Counter Cubicles Toilets Toilets Visitors, once they had entered the concourse area, block were replaced in the 1960s. The fluted glass were directed to the pool either through a central used for the changing room windows, with roughly foyer (for non-swimmers) or through the flanking semi-circular channelling, is characteristic of the Inlet Steps to changing rooms on each side. The first-floor 1960s. Sun Terrace Fountain restaurant, accessed via a glazed spiral staircase The concourse was reduced in size and partitioned from the foyer, opened onto sun terraces with chair
to form additional offices, and the former foyer Scum stores, and sun worshippers could also gain access Channel transformed into the main entrance and ticket office. to a solarium on the roof. A diving board, also in Swimmers were directed through newly-inserted reinforced concrete and since demolished, was doorways into a corridor and then the changing Balance Tank placed centrally on the south side of the pool. For cubicles, before handing their belongings over a swimmers and non-swimmers alike, the concrete Outlet Outlet new clothes issue counter next to the entrance to stairs placed on the outer end of each of the Diving Stage the pool area. New windbreaks, with lower panels in flanking arms provided access to the sun terraces precast concrete and upper panels in ‘armour plate’ and first-floor restaurant with its kitchens placed to glass, were placed around the pool’s promenade the north. Refreshments were also available from which was also extended and repaved. Car parking Plan as depicted 27.4.1937 a curved counter surrounding the glazed staircase was provided to the east and west. Between 1966 First Floor Plan and set behind the central foyer’s colonnade – the and 1970 the restaurant was further extended over a Kitchen Lift open counter was subsequently enclosed with a wall service area to the south west; the first floor screen Toilets Toilets and windows in 1962. Service Counter wall of the west wing was partially heightened to Soda Fountain In November 1962 plans were drawn up at the accommodate this and a connecting door was Flue Brighton Borough Surveyor’s office for the added from the new extension onto the sun remodelling of the lido and its extension to the terrace. Restaurant north for a new library, community rooms and
Steps to Steps to Pool Area Pool Area
Chair store Chair store
Upper Floor (Roof)/ Solarium Plan Tank Room
Flue Area below Canopy
Down Paint analysis by Crick Smith has revealed evidence for a yellow cream oilpaint on the rendered walls, with doors, window, railings and rainwater goods picked out in mid green. Drawings © Conran and Partners.
14 15 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
GROUNDGround FLOOR, 1937 - 8 Floor 193GROUND7 - 8 FLOOR, 1963 - 4 1937 - 8 GROUNDGround FLOOR, Floor1965 - 70 193GROUND7 - 8 FLOOR, 1997 - 1937 - 8
1963 - 4 1963 - 4 1963 - 4 1963 - 4
1965 - 70 1965 - 70 1965 - 70 1965 - 70
1997 - 1997 - 1997 - 1997 -
PROPOSED PROPOSED PROPOSED PROPOSED
1st FLOOR, 1997 - 1937 - 8
1st FLOOR, 1997 - 1937 - 8 1963 - 4
1st FLOOR, 1997 - 1937 - 8 1963 - 4 1965 - 70
1st FLOOR, 1997 - 1963 - 4 1931937-87 - 8 1963-4 19651965-70 - 70 1991997-7 -
1963 - 4 1965 - 70 1997 - PROPOSED
1965 - 70 1997 - PROPOSED
1st FLOOR, 1937 - 8 19317s -t 8 FLOOR, 1963 - 4 1937 - 8 1st FLOOR, 1965 - 70 1937 -1 s8t FLOOR, 1997 - 1937 - 8 First Floor 1997 - PROPOSED First Floor 1963 - 4 1963 - 4 1963 - 4 1963 - 4
PROPOSED 1965 - 70 1965 - 70 1965 - 70 1965 - 70
1997 - 1997 - 1997 - 1997 -
PROPOSED PROPOSED PROPOSED PROPOSED
1st FLOOR, 1997 - 1937 - 8
1st FLOOR, 1997 - 1937 - 8 1963 - 4
1st FLOOR, 1997 - 1937 - 8 1963 - 4 1965 - 70
1st FLOOR, 1997 - 1963 - 4 1931937-87 - 8 1963-4 19651965-70 - 70 1991997-7 -
1963 - 4 1965 - 70 1997 - PROPOSED
1965 - 70 1997 - PROPOSED
1997 - PROPOSED
PROPOSED
These images show in simplified form how the plan form of the lido has changed since 1938, showing in black the original walls, in red the 1963-4 walls, in green the 1966-70 alterations and in blue the final phase of 1997 alterations. Drawings © Conran and Partners, also resulting from investigation for this Conservation Plan.
16 17 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
The last phase of alterations, in 1997, saw the ‘The value of a heritage asset to this and future pool split into two parts by a central island generations because of its heritage interest. That with a flagpole, and the main entrance to the interest may be archaeological, architectural, lido moved to the south of the eastern wing. artistic or historic. Significance derives not only What remained of the concourse area was from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but further subdivided, in order to create more also from its setting.’ new rooms including a doctors’ surgery. The 1930s diving board was also removed. This CMP and the supporting documents has also provided a full understanding of the significance of Saltdean Lido in the context of the Modern Movement and as a surviving example of an open 2.2 The heritage significance air pool or lido. of Saltdean Lido • Listed building consent is required for any Educational Supply Association logo and The first-floor restaurant interior looking south Understanding significance is a vital precondition to works of alteration or extension which would folding Esavian doors from the interior of towards the rotunda and the stage installed in the planning the future of this Grade II* listed building affect its significance, in addition to any the rotunda café, showing also the 1960s late 1960s, showing the columns which form part in its immediate and wider setting. The Planning planning regulations which would normally parquet flooring on the floor. Photo © Conran of the 1930s structural frame. Photo © Conran and (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, apply. Section 66.1 of the Act states that: and Partners. Partners. 1990, provides specific protection for buildings and areas of special architectural or historic interest, and ‘In considering whether to grant planning the statutory duties and requirements for owners permission for development which affects a and local authorities. listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of Saltdean Lido is listed at Grade II*. It was first listed State shall have special regard to the desirability in 1987, and upgraded to II* in 2011. Designation of preserving the building or its setting or any through listing offers statutory protection to features of special architectural or historic buildings of special architectural interest: Grades interest which it possesses’. I and II* identify the outstanding architectural or historic interest of a small proportion (about 8%) of It is a criminal offence to carry out work which all listed buildings in England. These buildings are needs listed building consent without obtaining it of particularly great importance to the nation’s built beforehand. Listed building status can also result in heritage and many are of international significance. the requirement for planning permission where it would not ordinarily be required, for example, the The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), erection of means of enclosure. The first-floor restaurant interior looking north The east changing room interior. Photo © Conran 2012, sets out the government’s planning policies towards the entrance to the 1960s extension. and Partners. for England. Paragraphs 126−141 of the NPPF set out The whole building and its wider curtilage is Photo © Conran and Partners. historic environment issues. Further information on affected by the listing. When a building is listed, it making changes to heritage assets is provided in is listed in its entirety, which means that both the the Planning Practice Guide, which accompanies exterior and the interior are protected. In addition, the NPPF and the technical advice notes produced some buildings and other structures not mentioned by Historic England. The key national planning on the list entry may still be protected by the listed legislation and guidance documents are found under building regime if they are within the curtilage the Planning Portal at www.planningguidance. of the listed building, predate July 1948 and are planningportal.gov.uk. or were ancillary to the listed building. There are a number of factors that go in to considering the The key requirements for conservation extent of the curtilage of a particular building and management of Saltdean Lido are: whether the ancillary test is satisfied. It may be a • Assessment of significance is critical at the criminal offence to fail to apply for listed building earliest stage in considering change and consent for works to a curtilage building when it is determining the impact (or harm) of any needed, so any doubt should be discussed with the The east changing room interior. Photo © The entrance hall and stairs in the 1960s extension. proposals to the building and its setting. local planning authority. Conran and Partners. Photo © Conran and Partners. Heritage significance is defined in the NPPF as:
18 19 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Conservation Principles states that ‘significant or more pools, recreational areas and buildings for remodelling and extension to the west, and 2.2.2 Historical value places should be managed to sustain their changing and refreshment. The majority closed comprises plain doors and joinery, parquet values’.3 Defining the values attached to historic down from the 1970s due to declining public flooring and flat metal balustrades flanking the 2.2.2.1 The survival of the whole lido, and the places thus provides a sound platform for future demand and investment from local authorities who steps from the 1960s north extension. evidence for how it was planned, designed and decision making. There has been realisation for were increasingly minded to invest their resources adapted, reflects important developments in 20th 5. The 1930s spiral stairs to the rooftop terrace over a decade that this extends beyond simply an in multi-purpose leisure centres. century social history, in particular changing survive. A section of the metal balustrade has expert judgement of significance to understanding attitudes to the integration of social groups, • Saltdean Lido is one of 361 outdoor pools been welded across the first floor vestibule how people value the historic environment for a families, children and youth. created by the removal of the lower stairs, from diversity of other factors such as its sense of place, recorded as having been constructed in which it was no doubt removed. distinctiveness and its memories.4 The following England from the 17th century, 100 of which Lidos were open air swimming and recreational values, set out in Historic England’s Conservation remain open with different levels of survival of 6. The 1937 pool tank has been altered and landscapes that, in response to public demand and Principles, provide a framework for assessment: the historic fabric. modified throughout its history. Concrete the desire of national and local governments to • Saltdean Lido is one of only 19 out of 203 slabs dating from the 1960s replaced the 1930s promote health after the First World War, developed • Evidential value, which derives from the recorded outdoor pools in England that have cream-coloured ‘Cullamix’ ceramic tiles around across Europe in the 1920s and 1930s. They were potential of a place (the degree of preservation retained as a coherent suite the key historic the pool. The main pool area was screened with designed – almost exclusively by municipal of its physical form and fabric) to yield elements of an inter-war lido – pool, grounds glass panels set in concrete panel fencing in authorities - as new kinds of places for men, women evidence about past human activity. and usually cafes and changing rooms – in 1962−63. The area south of the poolside was and children to exercise, enjoy sunshine and relax. • Historical value, which derives from the ways their original form. Eleven of these have grassed over in the 1960s replacing the original They mark an important place in social history, in which places illustrate or are associated listed buildings on account of their special sand surface that was intended as a multi-use telling us how recreation was developing into with past people, events and aspects of life. architectural and historic interest, including games area. The most significant changes a distinctly new form of activity for individuals Although it is often best sustained by the use four built for coastal resorts. were made in 1997 when the pool was divided and families, providing facilities for children and for which the place as designed, the historic into two parts and the levels raised. As part enabling new forms of expression for women in values associated with places are not as easily of the 2015/2016 external works the pool has contrast to the more restrictive access to earlier undermined by changes to their physical form 2.2.1.2 The 1937−38 building has been extended been re-instated as a single tank. The paddling pools and bathing areas. and fabric as evidential value. and remodelled from the 1960s, but it retains its pool, although buried, has retained its original Saltdean Lido, despite the revision of the main footprint with original concrete slabs (with flint • Aesthetic value, which derives from the ways most significant external elevations, features circulation routes and extension to the main within the mix). This pool is being re-instated. in which people draw sensory and intellectual and first-floor terrace restaurant, the 1960s building in the 1960s, provides an exceptionally The main pool was restored to its original form stimulation from a place – again this might extensions being sympathetic in scale and well-preserved example as a whole site of how lidos in 2015-16. In 2016 the fountain, which had not be a direct consequence of the way that it was treatment were designed to link buildings to landscape and worked since the 1997 works, was reinstated designed, which is very much the case with open space, and thus harness the regenerative using the original 1937 plans. Saltdean Lido, or how it has evolved over time. As a result of the remodelling of the pool in the qualities of air and sunlight. Specifically: 1960s and later: • Communal value, which derives from the • The needs for relaxation, other forms of activity meanings of a place for the people who relate 1. The south elevation with its projecting rotunda 2.2.1.3 The 1960s extensions, whilst being of lesser than swimming, and sun worship are met to it, or for whom it figures in their collective survives as designed by Jones, with its tubular interest, attempted to be sympathetic in scale in the integration of the pools, open games experience or memory. Communal values are steel railings to the first-floor cantilevered sun and treatment. and sunbathing areas, sun terraces and the closely bound up with historical (particularly decks (with an additional layer of tiling), metal- restaurant into the overall Streamline Modern associative) and aesthetic values, but tend to framed Crittall windows and folding wooden The stair hall and the first-floor lobby area is the architecture and planning of the site. The have additional social and spiritual values. Esavian doors to the restaurant. principal feature of the 1960s extension, with terraces provided an additional vantage point, granolithic flooring, a plain metal balustrade to the 2. The north elevations of the outer wings with looking south to the English Channel, for open-well stairs and fluted panelling to the first their Crittall windows survive as designed by relaxation and contemplation. The importance floor lobby. The internal treatment, excepting the 2.2.1 Evidential value Jones. of clean and fresh water is displayed in iconic restaurant area as described above, is plain and it form in the fountain, which is set on the north- 2.2.1.1 Saltdean Lido is one of the best-preserved 3. The 1930s interiors to the ground floor have was subject to further alterations in the later 1960s south central axis of the site. examples in England of an outdoor public been transformed, as a result of new circulation and in 1997. swimming pool or lido routes and entrances introduced in 1963−64, the • Together with other outdoor swimming stripping out and reordering of the changing resorts, it provides testament to the drive These pools, often termed lidos, were built mostly by rooms and the loss of the central spiral to improve health, the cult of sun worship municipal authorities in the inter-war period across concrete staircase to the ground floor foyer (the that marked Western culture in this period Europe and America. They were designed with one cropped ends of rebar remain). and the development of recreation as a less segregated and more inclusive form of cultural 4. The 1930s first-floor restaurant area survives 3 English Heritage (2008) Conservation Principles. Policies activity. Their planning and architecture and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the as an open space with the potential to be presented opportunities to link buildings to Historic Environment, English Heritage, Swindon. re-opened to the café area overlooking the 4 See Clark 2006; DCMS, 2001; English Heritage 2000. landscape and open space, and thus harness lido. Its internal detail dates from the 1960s
20 21 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
the regenerative qualities of nature, air and that Jones achieved at Saltdean. The strongest sunlight. surviving Modern lidos of the period are at Ipswich The 1960s extension is significant for its overall (1938), Hilsea, Portsmouth (1937), Penzance (1935) scale and form, testifying to the growth of Saltdean Plymouth (1935) Uxbridge (1935) and Street in and the provision of youth and community facilities Somerset (1937). All except Hilsea are listed at Grade which characterised the period from the 1950s. II. A simple Modern-style pavilion (unlisted) also graces the end of the pool in Droitwich’s Lido Park 2.2.2.2 The lido occupies a significant place in the (1935). Of these, the one with the most streamlined development of seaside resorts, and together with and International Modern influence is the one at the Ocean Hotel survives as a unique example of Street, which was not built as a municipal pool but leisure and tourism facilities developed within a for the workers at the Clarks shoe factory. resort developed in the same period 2.2.3.2 Saltdean Lido is significant for the way Saltdean Lido, together with The Ocean Hotel also that the main building, pools and landscaping by Richard W. H. Jones, was designed as the focal was designed and intended to be experienced point of the coastal resort of Saltdean. Saltdean is as an integrated whole, and as a local landmark also the only newly-built seaside resort of the inter- building. This is a key element of the site’s war period, and the lido and the Ocean Hotel form significance in its local setting, and in a British part of a rich diversity of architectural styles built and European context. within an overall plan inspired by the Garden City movement. Saltdean Lido was designed to bring all the requirements of servicing and heating the pool, Although the lido was orientated to look south over providing refreshment and affording areas to the sea, the lido’s position on the edge of the Oval wash, change and relax into one structure. This is Saltdean Lido as illustrated in August 1938 edition of The Architect and Buildings News. The made it a focal point of the new development at unusual for an open air pool, as most sites were photograph taken from the coast road shows The Oval, new housing on its perimeter and the Saltdean, and the varied amenities – including an provided with separate structures. Saltdean Lido is Ocean Hotel. Note the post-and-panel fencing surrounding the lido, the sand play areas in front of historic outfarm (Saltdean Barn) converted into distinguished by: the main pool with its surrounding paving and flagpoles, the grassed areas around the children’s riding stables − offered by the Oval to both residents pool and extending towards the boating pool to the rear, and the rockery on the rising ground to 1. The way in which the crescent shaped and visitors. the left. swimming pool and recreational landscape Saltdean Lido is the only one associated with was designed to be viewed and experienced, a private developer as opposed to a municipal embraced by the curved wings and rotunda of authority. The new lido and the pool the nautical themed building. 2. The way in which the southern elevation 2.2.3 Aesthetic value of the main building, and in particular the sun terraces, with its cafe rotunda and spiral 2.2.3.1 Saltdean Lido one of the most significant staircase, was designed to overlook and examples of Modern Movement architecture in experience the swimming pool and recreational Britain. It is the only example of a lido in the landscape – whilst facing south towards Streamline Modern style. Continental Europe. Saltdean Lido is uniquely significant as an example 3. Its prominent location on the edge of a of a lido in the Modern style, which was the most public park as the focal landmark of Saltdean, popular choice of style for outdoor pools of the overlooked by the Ocean Hotel and the houses inter-war period (53 out of 203 recorded sites). It developed in the new resort at Saltdean. was – almost uniquely for a lido5 − singled out in the architectural press (The Architect and Building News, and an editorial feature in Building) as a first- The lido was sited in order to be viewed from a rate example of Modern architecture. Municipal variety of levels – below from those approaching engineers built most lidos, and other Modern- the site from the beach and above looking north style lidos lack the purity of line and treatment from the coastal road, and looking towards the sea from the development around the Oval and 5 Ruislip (demolished) by Thomas Mawson and Son was the in particular the new Ocean Hotel. Although the subject of an article in The Architect and Building News in This wonderful publicity illustration shows the lido in use as an arena for sport, relaxation and display lido was orientated to look south to capture the 1936 (vol. 147, 110-111) by stylish young men and women. From the Saltdean Lido Archive.
22 23 Plan as depicted 27.4.1937
Upper Floor (Roof) Plan
SALTDEAN LIDO Jumior Pool Conservation Plan Tank Room
sun and glimpse sea views, the lido’s position on 2.2.4.2 Saltdean Lido can be revived as a venue StoreKitchen StaffLift Outlet Inlet Room Room Main circulation routes, Toilet Toilet from concourseArea to the edge of the Oval made it a focal point of the that contributes to tourism and the prosperity of Lift central foyer and Plant Room below Service Entrance flankingCanopy changing areas new development at Saltdean, and the amenities the Brighton area. to Staff Area and Switch Counter Service Kitchen Area Room Toilet Paved area offered by the Oval to both residents and visitors. Down The lido, together with the Ocean Hotel, was Boiler Flue These included a sports pavilion, golf course and Boiler Main Entrance House Pool originally conceived as a modern leisure facility Flue tennis courts, and also Saltdean Barn (listed Grade Jumior Pool elevation and tourist destination set at the heart of the new Concourse II) which was converted for use as a riding school Front Elevation advertised by the estate, including for guests resort and community at Saltdean. The Ocean Hotel staying at the newly-built Ocean Hotel. Together (700 person capacity), and Saltdean Lido were both Foyer valuable extensions to Brighton and Hove’s tourist Female Male with the Ocean Hotel it stands out as the highpoint Changing Clothes Clothes Changing Store strategy until the hotel closure in 2005 and the Store within a resort characterized by a rich variety of architectural styles, from Tudor Revival to Spanish Lido closure in 2011. The hotel itself brought 36,400 Colonial and Modern. It is one of only 18 out of more guests to Saltdean annually and employed 200 staff. Changing Changing Cubicles Cubicles than 180 surviving outdoor pools that survive in the With the loss of these facilities Saltdean’s identity, Steps to commerce and employment have been adversely Toilets Toilets Pool Area context of designed parks. Down affected. This is evidenced by the Community Insight census taken by BHCC in 2011 (updated in 2011, see www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/ 2.2.4 Communal value Steps to Steps to planning/planning-policy/city-plan-part-one- Sun Terrace Sun Terrace background-studies). The census for the West Fountain 2.2.4.1 Saltdean Lido is valued by its local community as a place for community and family- Saltdean region records an average of 7.09 claimants based sport and recreation, as a library and per available job, compared to the national average in England of 3.43. Scum community centre. Channel The lido, together with the Ocean Hotel, was The restored building can serve as a catalyst for originally conceived as a modern leisure facility economic growth in the area, creating employment and tourist destination set at the heart of the new and fostering civic pride. It will provide the resort and community at Saltdean. It is prominently people from the local community and further sited on the edge of Saltdean’s principal public afield with facilities such as a heated swimming Diving Stage space (the Oval), and since 1964 has functioned as pool, landscaped grounds with sports and leisure a municipal pool, library and community centre. facilities, pool side café, art deco restaurant and bar, Feet community and corporate hire rooms, and public 0 10 20 It is the second-most intensely-used library in 0 3 6 BHCC. The upper floors were in regular use by the library. Metres Saltdean Community Residents’ Group and other organisations, providing valuable entertainment Visitors, once they had entered the concourse area, were faced with three doors providing access and hire space that are in short supply in the East 2.2.4.3 Saltdean Lido’s design affords a unique Plan as depicted 27.4.1937 to the main pool and its facilities, for spectators (in the centre) and male and female swimmers to Brighton area. recreational experience for families and groups either side. The Open Space, Sport and Recreation Study The lido’s importance as sporting and amenity Spectators not intending to swim passed through the central door into the foyer, from whence they commissioned by BHCC and published in October heritage, in addition to its other heritage values, could walk into the main pool area or proceed up the central concrete spiral stair to the first-floor 2008 (updated in 2011, see www.brighton-hove. illustrates the contribution that heritage, sport and restaurant. gov.uk/content/planning/planning-policy/city- tourism make to the national and local economies ) identifiedand communities, and the importance of local This opened onto sun terraces with chair stores at each end sited next to concrete stairs to the pool plan-part-one-background-studies swimming as one of the greater areas of need with heritage, parks and public space in helping people area. Sun worshippers could also gain access to a solarium on the roof. an estimated shortfall of approximately five 25m six identify with local character and ‘sense of place’. Swimmers entered a lobby before proceeding to the changing cubicles and, once they had lane swimming pools. handed over their clothes in wire baskets for storage, collected their towels before walking via foot Saltdean Lido is a perfect venue for community baths into the pool area with its surrounding promenade formed of precast concrete slabs. sport and recreation, in which children and adults can play, keep fit, relax, learn new skills, have fun The diving board, also in reinforced concrete, was placed centrally on the south side of the pool. and gain a sense of physical and emotional well- For swimmers and non-swimmers alike, the concrete stairs placed on the outer end of each of being. the flanking arms provided access to the sun terraces and the first-floor restaurant with its kitchens placed to the north.
24 25 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Section 3 Vulnerability & issues for change
This section summarises the key issues that need to 3.1 Condition be addressed in order that the heritage significance of the site can be sustained. In 2010 Saltdean Lido was placed by Historic Assessment of vulnerability must consider the England on its Heritage at Risk Register. There whole building, its component parts and the layout of are statutory obligations to improve the condition the whole lido site. The NPPF accords ‘great weight’ of listed buildings, particularly those identified to the conservation of designated heritage assets, as being ‘At Risk’ such as Saltdean Lido. Once requiring that ‘clear and convincing justification’ restoration is completed to a standard acceptable is provided for any proposals that may affect the to the local authority and Historic England, a significance of designated heritage assets. ‘The programme of repair can be founded on appropriate more important the asset, the greater the weight routine management and maintenance. should be’ (132), the greatest weight being accorded Disuse and lack of funds, in combination with the to designated heritage assets. ‘Substantial harm to local environmental conditions and latent design or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest characteristics, have led to rapid deterioration of the significance, including … Grade I and II* listed historic fabric. The key issues revealed in surveys by buildings … should be wholly exceptional’ (132). The AECOM, Heritage Testing Ltd (HTL) and Dr John Grade II* listing raises the sensitivity of the building Broomfield are shown below. and its setting to change, Historic England being statutory consultees for Grade I and II* buildings. • Extensive failure of the 1930s reinforced Significance derives from the setting as well as concrete, which is most severe on the the asset itself. Harm to a heritage asset through southern seaward elevation and in the central development within its setting is assessed against core (rotunda) of the structure. Detailed the same policies in the NPPF (para 132) as for examination, opening-up and testing of physical harm to the significance of designated the structure has now identified extensive heritage assets generally. Setting is defined in the chemical reaction and corrosion of the NPPF as: reinforcement. This has been exacerbated by a number of factors: inadequate reinforcement ‘The surroundings in which a heritage in combination with unsuitable aggregate, asset is experienced. Its extent is not cracking and delamination of the thin (5- fixed and may change as the asset and its inch thick) walls, and unsuitable patching surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting which has accelerated corrosion and chloride may make a positive or negative contribution contamination due to the sea air. The high to the significance of an asset, may affect humidity generated through its historic use (in the ability to appreciate that significance or the changing rooms and showers in particular) Aerial view of Saltdean taken in July 1949, showing the resort as it developed up to the Second World may be neutral.’ has exacerbated these problems. War with its mixture of modern and Tudor-style houses and Rottingdean in the background. Note This means that setting needs to be understood as • Complete degradation of the in-situ reinforced the relationship of the Ocean Hotel in the foreground to the lido, evidently abandoned but with its an integral part of how a place was designed and concrete lozenge-shaped structure to the centre boating pool visible in the angled part of the site facing The Oval. From The Aerofilms Collection, has developed over time. Further guidance on this of the upper floor, which incorporated the (now Historic England EAW024798. issue is provided in The Setting of Historic Assets truncated) stack serving the boiler. by Historic England. • Extensive failure of the brick cavity wall The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation construction of the 1960s extensions, due to Areas) Act, 1990, and the National Planning Policy debonded hard render, penetration of damp Framework (NPPF), 2012, provide for the recording and water through the decayed parapet and of heritage assets and their features as a condition of upper courses, internal bridging of the cavities consent and making any archive publicly accessible and corroded cavity ties. including through the local Historic Environment Record.
26 27 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
• Corrosion of the 1930s and 1960s metal • The rotunda columns are cracked with windows, which also need to be removed to corroding steel, and will need to be replaced. enable repair of the concrete. The cantilever is in good condition, however. • Investigation of the parapet to the north of the Additional issues for the 1930s lido: western wing indicates that it was heightened c. 1965−70 when the rear wing was extended, • The first-floor balcony railings are unsafe, due and that it is afflicted with the same structural to badly corroded handrail stanchions, and will problems as the 1960s cavity walling (see need to be replaced. below) in addition to differential movement of • The first-floor balcony floors have been raised the brick and concrete. with post-1960s insulating screed, tiles and • Rotting and distortion of the first-floor 1930s concrete kerbs which have reduced the café Esavian doors, exacerbated by the heightening door thresholds and head heights. They are of the sun terrace. The first-floor from the rotunda looking west, The propped rotunda floor, note also the 1960s leaking. showing the Esavian doors and the balcony walling and serving hatches within the kiosk • Radial cracks and the horizontal longitudinal railings whose stanchions are set within the created by the removal of the 1960s staircase. cracking to the cantilevered roof decks are not raised floor area. Image from Saltdean Lido Image from Saltdean Lido Archive. structurally detrimental, but unless remedied Archive. they will continue to move and will perpetually spoil any finishes and decoration.
The Esavian doors and balcony railings to the Detail of decay to Esavian doors. Photo © Conran rotunda, also showing the floor which has and Partners. been raised from its original height and has exacerbated decay of the railing stanchions and doors. Photo © Conran and Partners.
One of the corroded first-floor metal windows to the 1960s north extension, also showing the delamination of the cement render behind which severe structural problems have developed. Photo © Conran and Partners.
View of the lido from the south east. Photo © Saltdean Lido Archive.
28 29 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
3.2 Funding and restoration issues 3.3 Options for and vulnerability to restoration
The restoration project of Saltdean Lido has been The cost of heating and maintaining open air Restoration as a lido and community hub offers by consideration of the significance, condition split into two phases. The first phase comprises the swimming pools has been a major reason for such the best way of conserving and enhancing the and vulnerability to change (in this section) of the external works which include: the reinstatement of a high rate of closures since the 1970s. Maintenance heritage values of Saltdean Lido, which have to historic fabric. See the summary below. the 1937 pool tank, a new plant room, paddling pool, after restoration, and the funds required to heat, be balanced against the requirements of its users and landscaped grounds. Capital for these works service and staff the main pool will still require an and also consideration of the costs of restoration The 1930s building has been provided by the Coastal Communities income stream. Sandford Parks Lido in Cheltenham and adaptation. This section sets out in a series of Fund (CCF), Social Investment Business (SIB) fund, is now collating information on how those still in tables and related text how the options for change Full restoration including electrochemical and Big Lottery. Funding through the HLF grant use are managed and funded, using the Inventory of pose risks and opportunities to conserve, enhance treatment of the reinforced concrete shall focus on and other sources will underpin the restoration of Open Air Pools as a baseline. or harm the heritage values of the whole site and the the provision of a café and first-floor restaurant/ Saltdean Lido’s main building. Funds raised from buildings as set out in Section 2, any issues for the function room. the local community include plans for community wider setting and neighbourhood and finally any 1. The central rotunda which has the most severe shares commenced late in 2015. The lido complex 3.2.2 needs and expectations of users gaps in knowledge that may pose risks and merit structural degradation will either require an will be managed by a specialised operator on behalf investigation. internal steel frame or rebuilding in facsimile. Saltdean’s location within the Brighton conurbation, of the SLCIC (who will remain the lease holder and It shall include reinstatement of the spiral stairs in combination with its all-year use by the local custodian of the site). which were removed in the 1960s, a manager’s community, offers an opportunity for all-year use 3.3.1 the options for restoration office and first-aid room to the east and a kiosk of the whole complex that can help to fund its Proposals for the restoration of Saltdean Lido for refreshments to the west. long-term conservation. The SLCIC intends to 3.2.1 Funding restoration and have developed since 2015, in tandem with the 2. The rooms either side of the central core shall long-term use restore Saltdean Lido as a fully-functioning lido, investigation of the site’s history and significance for responding to strong local demand (see 1.4). The provide access to the 1930s ground floor area this CMP. The first phase – substantially complete with its exposed columns. This room shall open In addition to funds raised from the local community, key aims are to: by August 2016 − has focused on development including plans for community shares, the SLCIC onto a garden area (created through removal of • Restore both pools to their original form, of the pool and its surrounding area, including a the late 1960s west extension) to the west. The has been successful in securing funds from a variety plant room built into the western bank of the site to of sources. Its first grant of £61,330, from the Social including a play area to the children’s paddling room above shall again serve as a restaurant pool. The main pool will be re-instated as a heat and help service the pool. The second phase, and function room, including a chair and table Investment Business (SIB) and made in February subject to revision due to more detailed survey of 2014, help to fund feasibility studies. SIB made a single tank which will be beneficial to a broad store to the north east and a demountable stage range of users including serious swimmers and its structural condition (see 3.1) and related costs, (upgrading the one installed in the 1960s) further grant of £440,000 to support the capital has focused on the options for development of the costs of the external grounds. A further measure leisure seekers. The grounds shall be restored between the main space and the rotunda café to the original design ethos as a multi-use area main building, informed by necessary consents and area. The restored spiral stair in the rotunda of the lido’s public appeal, in November 2014, was the outline Heritage Impact Assessment contained its grant of £49,500 from the Big Lottery’s ‘Peoples for sunbathing and relaxation. will allow the function rooms on both floors within this CMP. The most radical departures since to be connected if required. The east elevation Millions’, as a result of a vote by ITV Meridian • Reinstate access to the tunnel and beach for the Round 1 submission to the HLF are: viewers. The Coastal Communities Fund’s grant open water swimmers. shall repeat on both floors the pattern of the • The proposal to demolish the 1960s additions metal-framed fenestration within the modular made in January 2015 enabled SLCIC to commence • Provide leisure, restaurant, meeting and as a precondition to phased restoration framework of the 4-bay structure, but at present (in April) restoration and refurbishment of the community and sporting facilities. pools, followed in February by the HLF’s grant of and reuse of the 1930s lido building, and its the main entrance (currently adapted from the £4.7 million to enable the first phase of planning for • Retain the library with a lift. replacement with a new building on a smaller 1930s concourse area) is proposed for removal to the north extension. Similar fenestration the restoration of the whole site. To date (July 2016), • Retain space for information about Saltdean’s footprint. This new building shall include the shall be used on the upper floors of the north a new plant room has been built, the construction role in the British seaside holiday industry and new entrance hall, kitchen and library, but the and west elevations, the latter above folding of the 40-metre pool and the children’s pool nears the importance of the lido in its historic and gym will no longer be included. doors to the garden. completion and full assessment of the condition cultural context. • The need to keep the interiors of the flanking 3. The outer wings will either be stabilised, of the 1930s structure has informed the revision wings dry and free from condensation, which awaiting further investment, or if funds permit of plans prepared in 2015. The aim is to open the has exacerbated the very poor condition of the they shall be fully restored for lettable meeting pools to the public in Spring 2017, by which time – 1930s concrete. They can no longer be restored rooms or offices. Stabilisation – through removal should the bid to the HLFfor Round Two funding be to their original functions as changing rooms, of loose material, rust treatment of visible successful – plans should be in hand to restore the and consideration is being given at the time of reinforcement, an appropriate paint finish and Grade II* listed building. writing to either temporary changing rooms or an internal breathable membrane – will protect a modern structure intended to complement the structure from further decay, allowing it to the Grade II* building sited close to the eastern be used for storage or other ancillary purposes boundary. before funds become available and uses that The plan shows in outline how the restoration and do not generate humidity are considered. design of the lido is being approached, informed
30 31 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Demolition of 1960s extensions and replacement extension The new building shall be a steel-frame construction mostly comprise W.C.s and a staff room, opening externally finished to complement the scale and to the main restaurant/function room of the 1930s architectural treatment of the 1930s building. It lido. The library extending to the north will be shall house to the east a new public entrance, constructed so that it can take an upper floor if lift and staircase, with a kitchen opening onto a required or permitted. small service yard to the west. The upper floor will
Simplified perspectives of the 3.3.2 risks and opportunities lido showing its present extent and below the outline proposal This sets out the relating to: The impact of proposed uses on the heritage for demolition and replacement 1. The risks and opportunities posed to the herit- significance of the site, and the opportunities of the north wing. Drawings © age values of the whole site as set out in 2.2. and issues consequent to the need to stabilise Conran and Partners. 2. The vulnerability to change of the southern and improve the condition of the fabric, will be recreational area with the main pool summarised in 5.6. 3. A summary of the options for treatment and repair of the concrete and for the windows and doors.
The whole site Table 1
Evidential value Risks and opportunities
The main building, pools and landscape shall be fully restored, Saltdean Lido is one of the best-preserved examples in informed by an understanding of the significance and vulnerability England of an outdoor public swimming pool or lido. to change of its component parts.
This shall be retained and restored to a high standard of The 1937−38 building retains its most significant conservation. The partitioning that separates shall the restaurant external elevations, features and first-floor terrace and terrace café shall be removed, thus restoring the original open restaurant. space, and the spiral stairs to the rotunda re-instated. All-year use and the need to eliminate condensation, vital to conserve its historical and communal value, will require double glazing of the metal windows and Esavian folding doors. The evidential value shall be lost through demolition, but the scale The scale of the 1960s extensions evidence the and external treatment of the replacement buildings in Options 2 importance of youth and community facilities. and 3 shall respect the 1930s lido building. Historical value
The survival of the whole lido, and the evidence for how it was planned, designed and adapted, reflects The lido shall be restored in its entirety as a whole site expressive important developments in 20th century social history, of this value, the alterations to Zone 1 removing some of the 1960s in particular changing attitudes to the integration of alterations. social groups, families, children and youth.
The lido shall be restored as a focal point in Saltdean, The lido occupies a significant place in the complementing the recent restoration and conversion into development of seaside resorts, and together with apartments of the Ocean Hotel which closed in 2005. the Ocean Hotel survives as a unique example of Ensure that development in its wider setting respects the Simplified drawings of the lido showing its present east elevation and extent and on the right leisure and tourism facilities developed within a resort significance and character of Saltdean Lido, The Oval and views the outline proposal for demolition and replacement of the north wing. Drawings © Conran and designed in the same period. towards and from Saltdean. Partners.
32 33 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Aesthetic value Risks and opportunities 3.3.3 The main building shall be concealed or worked into the overall design. The aesthetic value shall be conserved and enhanced principally The needs of intensive and all-year use, and the Saltdean Lido is noted as one of the most significant through repair that respects the profiling of the original design, • The use of modern servicing techniques, increased loading and other demands imposed on examples of Modern Movement architecture in Britain, matching replacement of the metal windows and Esavian doors, including the use of photovoltaics, shall be the building (structural strengthening for increased and it is the only example of a lido in the Streamline restoration of the spiral stairs to the rotunda and ensuring that the similarly considered as appropriate. Modern style. replacement of the 1960s extension is inspired by and subservient floor loading, increased levels of fire and sound to the scale and design of the 1930s building. insulation etc) need to be balanced with sympathetic • Where possible a dedicated intake room Saltdean Lido is significant for the way that the main This value shall be retained and enhanced through restoration of restoration of the historic structure, and in particular shall be provided for the incoming electricity building, pools and landscaping was designed and the lido in its setting, complementing the recent restoration of the the reinforced concrete, metal windows and Esavian supply and metering equipment. intended to be experienced as an integrated whole, Ocean Hotel. There is a risk, as stated above, to the setting of the doors which are vital elements of the building’s and as a local landmark building. lido through cumulative change to its setting. Streamline Modern design. Concrete treatment and repair Communal value Risks and opportunities Environmental performance and Reinforced concrete presents conservation Saltdean Lido is valued by its local community as building services challenges for Modern Movement architecture.6 a place for community and family-based sport and recreation, as a library and community centre. The following are fundamental to ensuring that the The principal problem affecting concrete requirement to ensure efficient energy consumption construction dating from this period is the rust- Saltdean Lido’s design affords a unique recreational ing of the steel reinforcing, due to carbonation experience for families and groups. The key risk here is loss of the 1960s extension, and ensuring that makes full use of the 1930s design without its phased replacement shall maintain its library and community harming the structure through heightened risk of advancing into the concrete from the exterior walls, Saltdean Lido can be revived as a venue that facilities and provide additional income streams to help sustain the condensation, thermal bridging and insensitively- in combination with the variable quality and often contributes to tourism and the prosperity of the future of the II* listed building. insufficient thickness of the concrete used. This Brighton area. sited services: can be exacerbated by the ingress of any air and • Running services through the proposed new water due to external cracking or water penetration Saltdean Lido’s design affords a unique recreational structure wherever possible. experience for families and groups. through the terrace roofing typical of this period • Using the original configuration of windows to (and chloride ions from seawater are particularly Southern recreational area with main pool Table 2 enhance natural ventilation wherever possible, destructive). Details of these techniques have with fan units mounted on new roof vents to been brought together into the website of The ensure ventilation of first floor during peak use. Concrete Society (see www.concrete.org.uk ), Immediate setting of the lido grounds: aligning the need for and vulnerability to change • Like-for-like replacement (following the and restoration of Saltdean Lido will require one or more of the following commonly-practised Need and requirement for change Vulnerability to change precedent followed at The Ocean Hotel) of the 1930s and 1960s metal windows, which need to techniques: High − these are an integral part of how the lido was designed be removed in order to enable treatment of the and intended to be experienced by its users. • Strengthening and replacement of the Restoration of main and children’s pools to original concrete and additional corroded reinforcing concrete where it has been delaminated, and design. Main pool to be restored to original proportions with its around the openings, is vital for long-term recasting of the badly-corroded reinforcement. fountain, edging and colour of pool tiles to match original as far energy performance and intended all-year use as possible. – to heat the building, reduce peak loads and • Direct repair and corrosion treatment, which High − texture and colour of poolside surfaces are an integral energy consumption, ensure ventilation and necessitates removal and then sympathetic Pool and recreational areas: part of the landscaping and how the site with the main building avoid environmental conditions that through repair of the concrete in the affected area. was designed to be experienced. Important to keep area clear • selection of paving to match colour of main building condensation and cold-bridging could harm This is quite a severe intervention, exposing of permanent clutter While working with flexibility of original the aggregate, and it can require considerable • soft areas around children’s pool design ethos. the restored reinforced concrete. • grass and sand areas for relaxation and sunbathing Plant room built 2015. Siting and design of changing rooms to skill - equivalent to that of a masonry • plant room built into bank to west side the east, due to the displacement of these functions from wings • All lighting shall be daylight dimmed to make conservator - to ensure a sufficient visual • renewal of perimeter fencing of 1930s lido (see following section), must retain and enhance use of natural daylight and reduce energy match. appreciation of the lido in its designed setting. consumption throughout the building. • Electrochemical treatment, which incurs Low – can be minimised with selection of fittings of less than 2% External lighting for night-time use • Services solutions shall be selected to upward light output. minimize disturbance to the existing part of the 6 See in particular the summary of The Getty Conservation building whilst providing improved and more Institute meeting in June 2014 on this issue (Custance- Access via tunnel under road can an be created on southern Baker, A and Macdonald, S (2015) Conserving Concrete Entrance to beach boundary with minimal impact – this was included as a proposal appropriate heating and ventilation to protect Heritage Experts Meeting, The Getty Centre, Los Angeles; in the 1937 plans. the building into the future. For example, the www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/ pdf_publications/pdf/Conserving_Concrete_Heritage_ Consider replacement of 1960s with modern screens and restored boiler flue shall be used to house the Shelter against the wind fresh air intake and exhaust from the plant Experts_Meeting.pdf. Accessed 26 August 2015. For carefully select areas for planting to western part of site. cathodic protection see Chess, B.M. and Broomfield, J.P. 2014 room, thus eliminating the need to insert vents Cathodic Protection of Steel in Concrete and Masonry, 2nd in the exterior walls. Any ventilation ducting edition (Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton)
34 35 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
substantial initial cost but achieves long considered where this is not possible. If treatment Common options for mitigation are: • The balcony railings need to be screened to term savings as it can prevent further has to be deferred due to costs and other factors, prevent children from slipping through and • Regalvanising, sealing drafts by fitting gaskets, deterioration requiring further repair cycles. it will be necessary to keep the external elevations to conform with Health and Safety Standards. reshaping, repainting and fitting new elements. It also minimises the removal of original dry through the use of ventilated external cladding, Trials shall determine whether the screening This can involve removal to a workshop/ material. One suitable form of electrochemical in order to minimise moisture and chloride ingress. shall be mesh or clear sheeting, the priority factory, grit blasting and coating in powder- treatment is impressed current cathodic A warm, dry internal environment is also critical being to retain their strong horizontal dusted polyester. protection (ICCP). This passes a permanent, to the long-term conservation of the structure. In emphasis. They were painted to match the very small direct current from electrodes in addition: • Secondary glazing, also effective in Esavian doors. the concrete to chemically ‘passivate’ the counteracting condensation, reducing heat loss • The external ground-floor doors – originally • Repair, strengthening and replacement, steel to prevent corrosion. Another suitable and sound proofing, providing that the meeting glazed with horizontal glazing bars – have been including any services (drains, wiring, ducting), form is called Electrochemical Chloride rails match those of the external windows. replaced. Removal/Realkalization (ECE/R), where a insulation and coatings, will be sympathetic to This has been used on key Modern Movement higher current is passed from temporary the significance of the structure and not harm designs of the period that are dominated by surface electrodes through the concrete to the crisp formwork and detail that typifies its glass curtain walls, such as the Olivetti Factory 3.3.4 Setting and neighbourhood issues the steel for several weeks: this permanently Streamline Modern architecture. in Milan and the Van Nelle Fabriek building in While the southern recreational area is integral changes the chemistry at the steel/concrete • Removal of any load-bearing walls would Rotterdam. to the heritage significance of the lido, and the interface to protect the steel for decades, require substantial steel frames to provide most vulnerable to change, the main building was typically 25 years. An anticarbonation paint structural support which will reduce headroom designed to be viewed from all sides on account applied to the concrete will extend service life if they are inserted underneath the existing Double-glazed replacements manufactured by of its prominent situation alongside the main road even further. Although used on the Hoover first-floor structural slabs. Critall (www.critall-windows.com), coated in Building (by Wallis Gilbert and partners) polyester powder: the key issue to resolve here is and within Saltdean Oval. • The transverse partitions to the 1930s changing on the A40 in west London, and widely used balancing their superior performance against the • The lido is a prominent landmark in views from rooms, if placed beneath the failing upstands in North America and Europe for restoring visual impact on the original design aesthetic, the the road and the rising downland to the south, of the reinforced concrete beams and provided concrete structures, it has fallen out of use in thin lines of metal windows being an integral part and is especially prominent in views for those with foundations, will provide structural the UK. The European Standard on cathodic of the design in Modern Movement architecture. travelling from Newhaven and Peacehaven to stability to a part of the structure identified as protection of steel in concrete - now adopted This has been used on listed buildings such the east. by the International Standards Organisation at risk. as the Hoover Building in west London and as BS EN ISO 12696 - and the European • The 1930s changing rooms need a warm and (controversially) Nottingham’s Boots Factory in the Standard on Electrochemical Realkalization dry internal environment, and are not therefore restoration commenced in 1989. The most significant historic and visual inter- has been revised and is about to be re- suited to their original use without substantial relationships are: published as BS EN 14038-1:2016. modification. Hence the proposal for removal • between Saltdean Lido and the Ocean Hotel. of the changing rooms to a new facility. Architectural detail • between Saltdean Lido and The Oval park, • The replacement of the original folding Structural issues for the 1930s building which was developed as amenity space at the Esavian doors to the first-floor rotunda, in order same time and offers the only green public Window repair and replacement issues Initial Investigation from June 2013 showed to enhance the thermal performance of the space in Saltdean. It has continued, since it high chlorides (particularly on the seaward The key issue with metal windows is their poor building and prevent condensation issues, shall ceased to function for agriculture in the mid- elevation), low cover and carbonation (which performance, certainly in relationship to modern be on a ‘like for like’ basis. removes the alkalinity that protects the concrete requirements and standards, in terms of thermal from corrosion) beyond the reinforcement and sound insulation. Corrosion, in combination depth. More detailed investigation including with and exacerbated by internal condensation, is a hammer testing from September 2015 confirmed typical problem for this form of fenestration. the extent of deterioration (364 square metres, increasing by 10% per year) and showed that The 1930s and 1960s metal windows need to be simple patch repairs are not sufficient. It has removed for treatment of replacement due to the also demonstrated poor electrical continuity degradation and delamination of the surrounding in the reinforcement. The presence of lead and concrete, which is worse around the windows due chromium in the paint presents a contamination to additional strengthening around the lintels (they issue. Given these issues it is preferable to apply were fitted from the outside and then cemented in). ECE/R to all external areas where corrosion of Whilst the internal frames will be fitted closer to the internal wall plane, the set-back and the reinforcement has been caused by exposure dimensions of replacement double-glazed metal windows can provide a very close match to the to chlorides and carbonation. ICCP will only be original profiling. These are Crittals Homelight windows. Drawing © Conran and Partners.
36 37 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Two of the options for metal screen meshing under consideration. Photos © Conran and Partners. An aerial view of the lido from the south in 2012, showing the beach café in the foreground and the Saltdean Tavern public house to its north-west. Photo © Conran and Partners.
1930s, to be managed as amenity grassland. • Issues for treatment of the exterior and interior The earthworks of golf tees and greens dot that are consistent with and can enhance Saltdean the landscape. The trackway passing through its architectural and historic significance, Tavern it connected the beach to the downs, besides particularly its aesthetic value. which is located the barn which Neville • Opportunities for further research on the site converted into stables for the Ocean Hotel. and its history by volunteers and the general The main danger to these would be unsuitable public. development of the Saltdean Tavern and within: • The car park to the east, which would be hard to justify due to it bordering the Oval park and Issues for restoration of the fabric occupying a significant position in views from • Despite thorough examination of the concrete, the park towards the sea and the lido some defects may only come to light as the • The car park to the west, where a precedent design and development work, including has already been set by the development of the structural interventions focused on the the Saltdean Tavern, which is at odds with the central core of the building, proceeds. This architectural character of the lido and Saltdean may necessitate further cutting out in order Oval. This was built on land sold in 1997 to to remedy corroded reinforcement and steel finance the costs of repair of the lido. cross-section: an additional allowance of at least 40% has been set aside on costing for the work. 3.3.5 knowledge gaps • The walls to the new stairwell may require There is little material available on the construction, new foundations, and their construction is not decoration and historic development of Saltdean specified in the architect’s drawings of 1937. Lido other than the 1937 plans by R. W. H. Jones, the two articles in the architectural press and the information available from inspection of the site and its wider context. The resulting gaps in our understanding of Saltdean Lido can present:
• Issues for restoration of the fabric that can only The immediate setting of the lido, showing the tunnel providing access to the beach to the south, be uncovered as work progresses, and which the car parking to the east and the Saltdean Tavern with its car parking to the north. necessitate an increased margin of risk and Drawing © Conran and Partners. thus cost.
38 39 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Opportunities for further research Section 4 These are explored in the Saltdean Lido Heritage Assessment. In summary, newspaper research and Conservation policies oral testimony can answer: This section sets out the guiding principles for agendas. The lido was originally conceived as a • What was the original thinking behind the sustaining and enhancing the heritage significance modern leisure facility and tourist destination set lido? of the site. This CMP aims to guide long-term at the heart of the new resort and community at conservation and management strategy for the Saltdean. • To what extent does Neville or Jones display conservation of Saltdean Lido’s heritage, based awareness of Continental European or on understanding the historic character and 4.1.1 increased awareness of the heritage American influences in its design? significance of the site and the key issues for change. and community values of lidos • Local newspapers as well as oral testimony Interest in open air swimming and lidos has are a valuable source of information, and both • It covers the whole of the Saltdean Lido site and also considers its wider landscape setting. deepened since Farewell My Lido, a report published will cast further light on how the lido was used by The Thirties Society (now the Twentieth in the context of Saltdean’s development as a • It defines a conservation-led philosophy for Century Society) in 1991, heightened awareness seaside resort and community. At the time of Saltdean Lido, which complies with all relevant of the significance and threats to them. The writing local papers await scanning into the national and local statutory policies, strategies publication of Roger Deakin’s Waterlog in 1999, a National Newspaper Archive. and guidance wonderfully evocative and celebrated account of a • To what extent were youth groups active in • It will guide decision making in any future use, swimmers’ journey through the British landscape, making a case for the reopening of the lido alteration, development, management or repair also heightened awareness of the lost heritage of and the provision of community services in the whether or not any specific project goes ahead. open air swimming in rivers and lakes as well as lidos. For Deakin lidos encapsulate ‘a modernizing 1950s and 1960s, and to what extent were these • It will also enhance public understanding and trend towards a democratic concern for a freely local to Saltdean or the Greater Brighton area? appreciation of Saltdean Lido. available, healthy, convivial environment, putting • What evidence is there for the use of the Ocean • It will inform interpretative and educational pleasure and health firmly at the centre of civic Hotel by Butlins, and how did they (if at all) strategies for Saltdean Lido, thereby enhancing life’.7 Ken Worpole’s Here Comes the Sun (2000a) mention or make use of the lido? public enjoyment. raised awareness of the importance of lidos as • It will inform the compilation of a Heritage open air architecture within the context of 20th century developments in society, landscape and Saltdean Lido provides an ideal site for capturing Impact Assessment for capital works, to architecture. For Worpole, also the co-author of the memories of individuals and family groups from identify the risks and benefits of proposed influential 1996 government report onPeople, Parks the 1930s, and thus make a valuable contribution to repair, restoration and new build. and Cities, lidos are ‘one of the great innovations local and national social and family history. of the period in architectural history when politics Policies are numbered and grouped under two main and design (and a pronounced sense of the public headings for: good) came together’ and where ‘sensuous and spiritual pleasures combine’.8 The strength of • Heritage Conservation (Policies A1-5) feeling prompted by local campaigns, such as the • Education and outreach (Policies B1-3) fight to keep London Fields Lido in Hackney and Brockwell Lido in Brixton (the subject of Lucy Blackstad’s award-winning documentary, Lido) open, is testament to the values placed on lidos by 4.1 Policy and research their communities. opportunities In 2002 English Heritage (since April 2015 Historic ‘Culture is not something that is “provided”, England) led a debate on the values of sporting culture is something that describes our society, heritage alongside the launch as a joint venture and something that we generate together.’ with Malavan Media of the Played in Britain series J. Holden, Logging On. Culture, Participation and of publications on sporting heritage.9 Awareness of the Web. 2007 report for Demos www.demos.co.uk. their cultural significance, with Saltdean included
Open air swimming pools, and specifically 7 Deakin 1999, 153 Saltdean Lido, meet a range of targets outlined in 8 See www.opendemocracy.net/ecology-landscape/lidos Government’s health, social cohesion and heritage accessed 16 August 2015 9 Cherry and Chitty 2002. See www.playedinbritain.co.uk
40 41 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan as a case study, was also heightened by the of local campaigns in recent years. Examples include 4.1.2 Planning and heritage 4.2 education and outreach publication as part of the Played in Britain series of the Grade II listed Brockwell Lido, Brixton, London, Janet Smith’s Liquid Assets. The lidos and open air Uxbridge Lido in west London, Sandford Park Lido The key national planning legislation and guidance The planning of Saltdean and lidos in general as new swimming pools of Britain. There are now a number in Cheltenham and Hathersage Lido in Derbyshire. documents are found under the Planning Portal at forms of recreational and social space – indeed as a of web sites devoted to outdoor swimming and www.planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk. true ‘Architecture of Happiness’11 - can be used as an lidos, notably: Internationally, there is little work on the social The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation inspiration for a range of cultural and educational history and cultural significance of open air pools Areas) Act, 1990, provides specific protection activities. Saltdean Lido’s distinctive architecture • The Outdoor Swimming Society, who are other than reference to those that have been for buildings and areas of special architectural and landscape is expressive of the lido movement promoting and fighting for the right to open air afforded official protection, such as the Piscine or historic interest, and the statutory duties and and broader developments in twentieth century swimming - www.outdoorswimmingsociety. Molitor in Paris (1929) and the Piscine Municipale requirements for owners and local authorities. The society, social democracy and popular culture. co.uk Alfred Nakache in Toulouse (1931-4), and the 1939 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), 2012, This is central to how the site can be presented • Oliver Merrington and Andy Hoine’s site on Cameron Pool at Cameron in West Virginia. The sets out the government’s planning policies for and interpreted, for education, the interaction of lidos in the UK - www.lidos.org.uk, which has most comprehensive study is Jeff Wiltse’s social England. It places good design, the enhancement children with their outdoor environments, Lifelong links also to the Reviving Lidos Campaign and history of swimming pools in America, which of local distinctiveness and conservation of the Learning, and oral history. Considerable work to lidos that are being reopened, restored and charts the rise and post-war decline of public pools historic environment at the heart of sustainable has been completed and is relevant to this field, open over the winter months. and the place of public, club, and private pools in development and good planning. Paragraphs 126- including: racial and social segregation. It is a very different 141 of the NPPF set out historic environment issues, • Local campaigns, such as in London story from that of the British or European lido, central to which is assessment of the significance of • Work for Demos (www.demos.co.uk) and (www.londonpoolscampaign.com). but nevertheless Wiltse draws out some familiar a heritage asset and taking account of ‘sustaining DCMS’s Culture Online project (www. • The Lido History Society, which in 2006 conclusions in setting out their ‘potential to foster a and enhancing the significance of heritage assets cultureonline.gov.uk) have shown how organised a successful conference on Reviving vibrant community life’, to ‘offer an informal social and putting them to viable uses consistent with developments in digital and on-line Lidos with Played in Britain (www.lidos.org. space’ for pleasure-based recreation in which social their conservation’, the positive impact that their frameworks can use cultural sites to enable uk). differences and norms are (literally) cast aside and conservation can make to sustainable communities their presentation, and capture the views of challenged, and ‘enable the sustained and unhurried children and other participants, in new ways. • Historic Pools of Britain (www.historicpools. and the ‘desirability of new development making interaction necessary for members of a community org.uk/) which represents historic indoor and a positive contribution to local character and • The Department for Education and Skills to meet, forge bonds of friendship, and develop a outdoor pools. distinctiveness’ (131). (DfES) Learning Outside the Classroom sense of shared interest and identity’10 Manifesto launched in November 2006 The HLF has played a prominent role in funding the The NPPF identifies the need for local planning (www.lotc.org.uk) which aims to help restoration of some lidos that have been the subject 10 Wiltse 2007, 207-8. authorities to ‘set out in their Local Plan a positive children engage with their outdoor physical strategy for the conservation and enjoyment of the environments historic environment, including heritage assets • National and local initiatives focusing on the most at risk through neglect, decay or other threats’. Case study: Using Heritage Values to protect a lido historic environment such as DFES’s Engaging • The development plan and other planning Places (www.engagingplaces.org.uk). Work at Sandford Parks Lido in Cheltenham showed how the design of public outdoor pools as ‘experiential landscapes’ policy for Brighton and Hove Borough Council afforded a varied range of activities in addition to exercise - for play and fun, meeting and making friends, relaxing, keeping • Links in the National Curriculum (www.gov. fit and learning new skills. This builds upon the ‘values’ approach that has been developed in Australia and the United are published on its website (www.brighton- uk/national-curriculum), statutory since States, and has been used on occasion in England to bring together different stakeholders in order to debate and then agree hove.gov.uk/content/planning/planning- September 2014, for a variety of educational 1 upon the heritage values of contentious places. policy). Its Conservation Strategy sets out issues – for example social history, geography The 2009 Conservation Plan for Sandford Parks Lido (www.sandfordparkslido.org.uk/s26-conservation-plan.html) presented sets out the Heritage Team’s responsibilities (use of maps, plans, aerial photos etc.), health an opportunity to consider how the original design concept provides a framework for the values invested in it by its users and the general public, as well as their perceptions and sense of place. It demonstrated how the lido affords an environment and work programme. It has published useful and well-being, art and design. in which children and adults can play, socialise, keep fit, relax, learn new skills, have fun, and gain a sense of physical and studies of its urban neighbourhoods, including • Examples of innovative oral history and image emotional well-being. This was then successfully deepened for use in a Public Inquiry, when the lido was threatened by an Saltdean and Rottingdean. application for a multi-storey car park, which the Inspector concluded, would harm the significance of the site, and how it is installation techniques, most relevant to lidos valued. • Local communities can also plan for the being the HLF-funded ‘No Diving’ installation The values were captured through various events and press releases. People were asked to record ‘what makes the lido a development of their area through the at Portsmouth’s Hilsea Lido. Here the artist special place for you’ on a coloured target which marked the relative importance of different attributes of the site, and as free neighbourhood planning process, one being Jez Stevens, working with Learning Links and text for them to fill in as desired. The target was based on a form of spider diagram adapted from a ‘Place Consultation Tool’ currently underway for Rottingdean. Saltdean the local archives and university, used the employed by The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE 2011). The most highly valued categories were ‘Swimming and Landscape’, followed by ‘Safe Environment’, ‘Relaxing’, ‘Family Day’, ‘Socializing’ and finally ‘Catering’ Lido and the Oval are fundamental to the lido as a framework for displaying film of the (mostly occupying the outer two circles of value) and ‘Other Activities’. The overwhelming majority (over 85 percent) of character of Saltdean, and thus will be central lido, and for involving the local community respondents were in the 25-60 age bracket, but comparison of the responses for ‘Very Important’ from the other age brackets to any neighbourhood plan undertaken for this in identifying with the site through their own suggests some interesting differences, and in particular the relative importance of socialising and relaxing for the over-60s and for the 16-25 age group. area. memories and recollections (www.hilsea-lido. co.uk).12 1. It was used for example at Bletchley Park to guide masterplanning, infrastructure investment and the development of a conservation plan for the HLF (Lake and Hutchings 2009). For the values approach see Avrami et al 2000; de la Torre Clark 2006. 11 de Botton 2006, 73 and 98. 12 For a full written account as well see Stevens 2010.
42 43 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Other opportunities are offered by: swimming baths have an important part to Finally, work on restoring this building will provide a • All maintenance, repairs and interventions play in the creation of distinctive, civilised valuable opportunity for heritage and conservation should be based upon the detailed information • Increased awareness of the importance to and ‘liveable’ cities’. Gill Wright, representing specialists to view the site and see work in progress. and assessments included in the CMP and its people of identifying with local character and Manchester Victoria Baths Trust also argued It is recommended that: accompanying document, the Management 13 ‘sense of place’, and the vital contribution that ‘it is not just about the architecture, it and Maintenance Plan (MMP). made by outdoor public space to well-being • The Contractor, the Corrosion Prevention is about the social history which is in that • Many of the assessed risks outlined in Section and as focal points for communities (e.g. building’.16 This was further underlined in Association and the Concrete Society Cabe 2004 and 2005). The latter has been collaborate in running a half-day workshop on 5 of this plan require detailed analysis and evidence presented by the Amateur Swimming impact assessments. underlined by MORI polls and other evidence, Association to the Select Committee on the concrete repair techniques and how they have dating from the recommendations made in the legacy of the 2012 Olympics, outlining its developed in the last 20-30 years. • Accurate records will be kept of all relevant influential 1996 reportPeople, Parks and Cities concerns at the closure of school pools and the statutory designations, decisions, consents etc. (Greenhalgh and Worpole, 1996).The HLF barriers to organised swimming for children research report on the State of UK Public Parks, in particular, in parallel to highlighting the 4.2.1 heritage policies 2014, has highlighted the successes of the last opportunities presented by swimming as Policy A1: Statutory Policy compliance Policy A2: Maintenance: general principles 20 years and the contributions made by parks Britain’s most popular participative sport, to the national economy and well-being, and and the increased role of private operators in All works that affect the special architectural The conservation and continuing maintenance the vital role that community groups play in running indoor and outdoor pools 17 and historic interest of the site will comply of the historic fabric of the site should be 14 the face of reduced local authority funds. with all relevant local and national statutory undertaken to the highest appropriate • Increased recognition of the importance of policies, strategies and guidance and will conservation standards to ensure authenticity • Increased awareness, building on Ken outdoor exercise (‘green exercise’ and ‘blue protect, preserve and enhance the character and and integrity. Worpole’s 2002 report (No Particular Place exercise’), supported by growing empirical appearance of the site and its setting. to Go), of how the needs of children – and evidence, to psychological well-being, physical The aims of this policy will be achieved by means of their own sense and ownership of ‘place’ - can health benefits and the facilitation of social The aims of this policy will be achieved by means of the following recommended actions: be sought and built into more integrated networking and connectivity.18 the following recommended actions: approaches towards public space strategies. • Maintenance and development of the site will • Increased recognition of the importance of • Using the adopted CMP as supporting comply with all relevant local and national • Strategies to promote sport in schools the whole cultural landscape and heritage to information and the basis of future policy policies and guidance and will protect, preserve and at the centre stage of well-being for well-being, for more than a decade enshrined decisions and compliance with statutory, local and enhance the character and appearance of communities and individuals, underpinned in The Government’s Statement of the Historic and advisory polices the site and its setting. by the importance accorded by government Environment of England (2001) and at an • Specifications for repairs and for restoration to this to communities in the new planning international level in The Faro Convention on • Using the adopted CMP for pre-application should accord with best conservation practice system (notably The National Planning Policy the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society and discussion with the relevant statutory as outlined in appropriate guidance (e.g. Framework and in Neighbourhood Planning) the European Landscape Convention (Council authorities, ensuring that appropriate time is Historic England guidelines). Where repair and its statutory adviser Sport England – for of Europe 2005 and 2000). In the words allowed for applications to be processed (listed is required, it should normally involve a example in its long-standing Best Value of Power of Place, A future for the historic building consent, Planning Permission etc.) minimum of replacement. through Sport toolkit and its 2014 Planning for environment a landmark document published before works need to commence Sport Forward Planning Guide.15 by English Heritage (now Historic England) in • Any emerging specification/schedule of • Any proposals to restore or reconstruct missing • Work that emphasises the contribution that 2000, people value the historic environment for works must be in accordance with the advice or replaced elements of fabric, including the heritage and sport make to the national and ‘its meanings, its beauty, its depth and diversity, and policy framework outlined in the CMP replacement of doors and windows, should be local economies and communities. English its familiarity, its memories’. and drawn up by appropriate specialists, based on sound evidence and require special Heritage (now Historic England) told the in consultation with specialist consultants justification that clearly state how they will help Parliamentary Select Committee on the Value employed by the project. to conserve the heritage value of Saltdean Lido through long-term use. of Swimming that historic pools are a ‘prime 16 Department of Culture, Media & Sport (2001) Testing example of the ordinary working heritage that the Waters: The Sport of Swimming, Parliamentary Select • Every effort should be made to use materials most people understand and value ... historic Committee on Culture. www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ Management Guidelines and techniques on a ‘like for like’ basis to cm200102/cmselect/cmcumeds/cmcumeds.htm Accessed 27 ensure aesthetic and physical integrity. If this September 2015. • The SLCIC will designate a nominated officer 13 The ODPM report Sustainable Communities; Building 17 www.parliament.uk/documents/lords- is not possible, due to structural or health and as responsible for preparing, submitting and for the Future (2003), for lists 13 attributes of sustainable committees/olympic-paralympic-legacy/ safety factors, these must respect the origin communities, including a ‘sense of place’, ‘good quality olympicparalymicevidencevolume.pdf. Accessed 27 monitoring all applications. This should design in their profiling and appearance. community facilities’, and a ‘diverse and vibrant local culture, September2015. minimise the danger of confusion or of failure encouraging pride in the community and cohesion within it’ 18 The most thorough recent study is Barton, J. and Pretty, • A Maintenance Plan (as required by HLF, and 14 Heritage Lottery Fund, State of UK Public Parks 2014 at J., 2010, ‘What is the Best Dose of Nature and Green Exercise to apply for a necessary consent. www.hlf.org.uk. Accessed 27 September2015. for Improving Mental Health? A Multi-Study Analysis’, to be prepared as a separate document after 15 See www.sportengland.org/facilities-planning/planning- Environmental Science and Technology (Journal of the restoration – see section 6.2) will be instituted for-sport/forward-planning/. Accessed 27 September2015. American Chemical Society) 44, pp. 3947-3955.
44 45 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
with the aim of ensuring full, appropriate and Management Guidelines Policy A5: Recording long learning and local memories, through beneficial maintenance of the site and context. the medium of oral history, inter-personal • Fire, access and health and safety issues All repairs and restorations should be recorded, exchange and recollections, Management Guidelines will be tackled as a matter of principle by to document the continuing history of Saltdean risk management, introduction of clear Lido and to inform future maintenance • The SLCIC will adopt a Learning Plan and • Resources should be earmarked for a regular procedures, lines of communication, signage programmes. develop an extensive learning and outreach programme of essential maintenance and etc., rather than by relying on physical barriers, programme, with partnerships in the local inspection of the fabric, ensuring that these are interventions and materials that might damage The aims of this policy will be achieved by means of community. the following recommended actions: recorded. the integrity of the fabric and site; such • An updated website and educational space • All contractors working on the site should be measures will only be introduced as a matter of in the library which hosts the CMP and the • Ensure that the research undertaken for the appropriately qualified/experienced and aware necessity to meet adequate standards. Saltdean Lido Heritage Assessment, with the Conservation Management Plan is integral to of procedures for ensuring that repairs are record of the renovation project; this can be • Changes to the layout to meet the needs of any further recording of the historic character properly carried out. developed with newly commissioned oral and contemporary use, access and circulation of the site. video interviews and other elements of the • Professional advisors for SLCIC must be should permit the continued appreciation of • Ensure that reports are archived, including with interpretation programme. familiar with current conservation best the historic layouts, phasing and function of the Historic Environment Service. practice. Saltdean Lido. • The plant room was renewed in the 1960s but • The SLCIC will ensure the priorities for a may include earlier reconditioned plant and Policy B2: Archives/database programme of conservation to the interiors are Policy A4: Disability Access fittings. This merits detailed recording by a not overlooked in maintenance regimes, major contractor or volunteers involved in industrial Archives and data concerning the site should be schemes of repair or development to the fabric Works to comply with the Disability archaeology recording. The advice of the curated, catalogued and conserved and made Discrimination legislation and guidance should County Archaeologist/Historic Environment accessible to all. seek to minimise adverse impacts on areas and Service should be sought. The aims of this policy will be achieved by means of Policy A3: Adaptation and new development: elements of significance, as identified by the • The new plans of the site and building should the following recommended actions: general principles Conservation Management Plan. be combined with the phased drawings • Contractual and organisational arrangements The aims of this policy will be achieved by means of prepared for the Conservation Management Adaptation and new development will preserve will be in place to ensure that the archive is the following recommended actions: Plan to compile a single detailed phased and enhance the heritage value of Saltdean Lido updated as works are undertaken by working with the significance of the building, drawing of the whole site. • The need for improved access and circulation, • An archive, including reports, plans, drawings its landscaped grounds and its setting, and in keeping with the requirements of the being of high quality design. and photographs, maintained in a secure and Disability Discrimination legislation, is accessible form. The aims of this policy will be achieved by means of recognised as a priority. 4.2.2 education and outreach policies • Maintenance inspection checklists, together the following recommended actions: Policy B1: Interpretation, presentation and with records of repair work carried out, the public access • New development and alterations must Management Guidelines contractors or trades involved, dates when work preserve and enhance the heritage value of A range of measures to promote interpretation, was done and the costs will be incorporated • Use the Conservation Plan to assess the Saltdean Lido, and be informed by a clear research and understanding of Saltdean Lido within the archive. impact of proposed changes and also avoid understanding of how it was designed and will be put in place. • Existing historical and archaeological reports the rigorous application of uniform standards developed. and future records will be incorporated within which may otherwise harm the significance of The aims of this policy will be achieved by means of • New development and alterations must the archive. the fabric. the following recommended actions: be justified as necessary to sustaining the • The consolidated archive will be made publicly • Areas of potential conflict between the strict long-term use of Saltdean Lido, and provide • Ensuring that the successful management available. evidence of its changing history and usage. interpretation of the DDA and impact on of the major renovation project will create significant fabric should be identified and the long-term funding stability to enable the • Where unavoidable conflicts arise, historic scope for compromise explored. features will be fully recorded and a publicly outreach/interpretation programme. Policy B3: Education accessible archive created (see Policies A5 and • Where a DDA has taken place the SLCIC will • Promote Saltdean Lido as a focus for life-long Provide greater physical and intellectual access B1-2). secure the agreement of all relevant statutory learning and the exchange of experiences to Saltdean Lido for all people, focusing on its bodies to the revised standards and proposals. between generations. It can also serve as an unique architectural significance and how as arena for the arts, and for children to learn a lido it expresses significant developments about building and landscape design. in twentieth century society, democracy and • Promote Saltdean Lido as an arena for life- popular culture.
46 47 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
The aims of this policy will be achieved by means of that plays upon request leading on to a digital the following recommended actions: visitor’s book recording present-day stories, Section 5 memories and images. • To open up Saltdean Lido’s facilities and Adoption & review of the CMP archives in imaginative and varied ways, • Exploring the use of new technologies to therefore raising its profile amongst the local maximise the potential of the lido’s value. This section sets out the approach, in line with HLF 5.2 monitoring and review community and visitors. • Developing the current link with education requirements, for adoption and review of the CMP. This plan will be monitored and reviewed by the • To raise awareness of, develop and promote centres as an incentive to under achievers in SLCIC and agreed stakeholders at agreed key Saltdean Lido as a centre for lifelong learning. the education system by providing educational historic visits creating the ‘Lido Experience’. 5.1 Adoption stages. This will be achieved by means of the • To develop networks and partnerships following recommended actions: with appropriate professional bodies and • A competition to win a season ticket by The CMP and its related Management and organisations to promote good educational inviting users to say what they value about the Maintenance Plan will be formally adopted by the • The first key stage for review will be within practice. lido. SLCIC as a key policy and management document. 1 year of completion of the restoration of This will then enable conservation management Saltdean Lido • To develop understanding of Saltdean • To develop an exciting and creative of Saltdean Lido to be delivered by means of the Lido’s cultural heritage and health benefits programme of events and material aimed at • Regular Review will then take place as part following recommended actions: in accordance with National Curriculum Key Stages 1 & 2 developed to support the of the Quinquennial Inspection and Review requirements, for children and young people National Curriculum and suggested QCA/ process as set out in the 10 year Maintenance through the provision of high quality resources. DfES schemes of work. • The SLCIC will designate a nominated officer Plan as responsible for maintaining, reviewing and • Developing vocabulary, an understanding • To ensure all staff who come into contact with archiving the plan. children and young people are police screened of their local area and history, how a familiar and made aware of Child Protection procedures site relates to developments at a national and • The CMP will be formally presented by the (prior to contact) to ensure the welfare and international level and evaluative and creative SLCIC as a supporting document to any future safety of all children and young people in our skills across the curriculum. planning application care. • The CMP will be utilised by the SLCIC • To provide all relevant staff with adequate as a supporting document to any future information, guidelines and training to maintenance plan enable them to carry out their responsibilities • The CMP will be included by the SLCIC effectively and confidently. as a key document in any future change of management regime • The CMP will be maintained and updated by Delivery the SLCIC with a relevant archive and made The site itself, and its sense of place and broad available to all interested parties. historical context, can be interpreted to the public The following recommended actions will also help through the lido website and through images. to integrate the CMP into the sustainable long-term Saltdean Lido will communicate the lido’s heritage, management of Saltdean Lido and its significance especially among children and young people, in to the local community and the nation as a heritage order to raise awareness of its value and the benefits asset: that it provides. • Anyone making use of the Plan should • Exhibition boards understand its purpose and format. The SLCIC • Use of the café as a ‘portal’ should ensure that all those responsible for the management of Saltdean Lido are aware of the • An interactive Living Archive of the CMP and implement its Policies. type developed at Sandford Parks Lido in Cheltenham, based at the lido and on- • Management of necessary specialist line, which can capture the memories and contractors (architectural, landscaping, perceptions of its visitors, particularly children engineering and building) will be undertaken by the SLCIC, in consultation with the • Heritage Tours and Active Talks relevant local authorities/statutory advisors as • Continue developing the Living Archive DVD necessary. that records historical images and storytelling
48 49 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Section 6 6.1.A.5 Insertion of new doors flanking rotunda and to north of west wing (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) New doors flanking Implementation of the CMP restored rotunda (see Medium – these are 6.1.A.8) may be needed to South elevation doors within discretely located within High − unsuitable provide access to rooms rotunda to match changing room Once adopted, the CMP will need to be implemented A tabulated summary of: the shaded balcony area replacement will result flanking restored kiosk and doors (6.1.A.4). Plant room door through the restoration phase and the ongoing around the rotunda and in significant harm stairs. to provide sufficient security and • The need for the proposed new work. in a part of the west wing particularly to the south maintenance of the site. match overall design for north Inserted door to rear generally screened from elevation. • Heritage significance of the area affected. elevation. (north) of west wing to public view. 6.1 Heritage Impact • Risks for impact on the heritage value of serve new plant room may Assessment Saltdean Lido, rated as high to low. be required. SLCIC is required to produce a Heritage Impact • Issues to consider, including potential 6.1.A.6 Replacement of 1930s windows (Heritage Policies A1 & 2) Assessment for capital works which uses the CMP enhancement or harm to the heritage asset in Require removal and its setting, and any knowledge gaps (see 4.3) replacement with double- to identify any potential risks and associated issues glazed units to enable High − unsuitable double- to consider. This CMP sets out: impeding an informed decision. 1) repair of surrounding glazed replacements with Consider successful examples of concrete area and 2) reduce High – integral to the • The final Heritage Impact Assessment large-section profiles will best practice from other Modern The proposed new work cross-referred to the most heat loss and condensation significance of the result in significant harm Movement buildings. submitted to HLF will be cross-referred to damage to concrete walls Streamline Modern design. relevant heritage policy (see 4.2.1), it being noted to the aesthetic value of relevant Conservation Plan policies. if all-year use is needed that all heritage policies need consideration in the lido. to sustain the use and weighing the impact of proposals. heritage significance of the 1930s lido building. 6.1.A.8 Restoration of central rotunda including staircase (Heritage Policy A1-3) 6.1a Heritage Impact Summary for exterior of building Table 3 The rotunda columns are High − the rotunda is a New steelwork columns to Need Heritage significance Risks Issues cracked with corroding focal and integral part of provide vital structural support steel, and will need to be the Streamline Modern High – a focal and therefore while matching original in 6.1.A.2 Repair and treatment of concrete (Heritage Policies A1 & A2) replaced. design. highly vulnerable element profile. of the original design. Work will be carried out by The internal spiral stairs Proposal will remove 1960s Glazed walls surrounding the Aim is to prevent further High – unsuitable and and glazed walls shall be kiosk with curved apron Proposal will restore the spiral stairs to be inspired by High – integral to the accredited repair specialist. decay of the whole ineffective repair will result reintroduced to the ground wall but it shall reintroduce aesthetic value of the 1930s the original design, allowing significance of the structure and fully restore in significant harm and Central structure requires floor, the latter requiring a glazed screen to the inner lido design. light into café interior and being Streamline Modern design. the core area. also further degradation. internal frame or complete columnar supports to line of columns around the recessed to retain depth of rebuilding to replicate original. underpin the rotunda. spiral stair. shadow.
6.1.A.3 Demolition of 1960s structure (Heritage Policies A1 & 2) 6.1.A.9 1930s Esavian doors to the south front of the first-floor café (Heritage Policies A1 & 2) High. The extensions are more significant for their Medium – the 1960s communal than other Demolition reveals opportunities Restoration or (most extension is sympathetic probably given condition) Extremely poor structural heritage values, and it is for design that is sympathetic to High – integral part of the in scale and external replacement with double- High − unsuitable double- This will require bespoke joinery condition. important to ensure that a and enhances the significance of Streamline Modern design, treatment to the 1930s glazed units order to glazed replacements will to an exceptionally high standard smaller building can offer the 1930s lido in its setting enabling sun and light to external design. eliminate extreme result in significant harm. of ‘like-for-like’ replacements. a clear role in community the café space. life. condensation risk to 1930s fabric. 6.1.A.4 Removal and reinstatement of changing room wing doors (Heritage Policies A1 & 2)
Remove doors to south Match doors shown in High − unsuitable 6.1.A.10 Floor surfaces of first-floor sun decks (Heritage Policies A1 & 2) elevation of changing Low – they are 1960s or 1938 Architectural Review replacement will result rooms to enable concrete later replacements. New photographs – glazed double in significant harm Strip back later screed Restore to smooth screeded repair of surrounding area design offers opportunity doors with horizontal glazing Low – the existing floor particularly to the south and insulation to provide Key risk is to ensure that finish, draining to gully to and reinstate in original for enhancement. bars to changing rooms, single surfaces are 1960s and elevation. new non-slip waterproof removal and replacement set close to balcony to enable style. doors to end of each wing. later, have lowered height surfaces. does not result in water discharge of water into restored of doors to central café and ingress to reinforced downpipes. Consider paved effect Presents opportunity to have promoted failure of concrete substructure. to screeded floor shown in 1938 restore to original design the balcony railings. ethos. photos.
50 51 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
6.1.B Heritage Impact Summary for ground-floor interior Table 4 6.1.A.11 Balcony railings and new mesh to first-floor sun decks (Heritage Policies A1 & 2)
Need Heritage significance Risks Issues The bases of the stanchions Require ‘like for like’ replacement Railings can be replicated, have corroded and the High – their strong of the original railings (in sheet panels rejected as 6.1.B.1 Subdivision of 1930s changing rooms (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) railings are unsafe, and horizontal design was powder-coated tubular steel to too prominent and need to protective screens are an integral part of the resist corrosion given its seaside ensure the least prominent required to comply with Streamline Modern design. location) with mesh infill in Provides opportunity for mesh infill. Will provide kiosk (west) building regulations. polished steel . Low – 1930s changing rooms partitioning to be placed under and manager’s office/ first reworked in 1960s and since Low weakened reinforced concrete aid room to east. stripped out. transverse beams and thus 6.1.A.12 Provision of service flue (Heritage Policies A1 & 2) strengthen the 1930s structure.
Medium – ducting will be 6.1.B.2 Reinstate 1930s spiral stairs to first floor (Heritage Policies A1-3) up to 0.7m high, and can Opportunity to restore the roof Need to bring service impact on aesthetic value flue to original or lower height Reconnect ground to first ducting from kitchen and Low – original boiler flue Low, offers high potential Low as significant Careful study or 1938 photos if not properly designed, (depending on regulatory floor with restored spiral other areas together via a removed and can now be to restore 1930s design and opportunity to enhance and plans can inspire original height of boiler requirements) which was an stairs and glazed curtain restored flue through the reinstated. heritage significance. aesthetic value. sympathetic and strong design. flue (approx.. 3.6m) offers integral part of the original wall. roof. opportunity to bring design. ducting together. 6.1.B.3 Creation of café area to rear of central rotunda (Heritage Policies A1 & 3)
6.1.A.13 Solar panels to roof (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) Aim here is to create a Opportunity to enhance flexible and larger-capacity Medium – the walls proposed Main risk is in removing appreciation of the stairs, Heights of panels to be kept as café area through insertion for opening out are 1930s walls that offer structural reconstructed to the original Photovoltaics to reduce High – the roof is key to the low as possible , and options to of steel frames and full or walls, but they form part of Impact of installation on support to the first floor, design ethos. the annual energy bill and strong horizontal design be recessed and hidden behind partial removal of walls the central foyer area whose flat roof and aesthetic value which will be intensively deliver sustainable energy was an integral part of the inner parapet which respects extending down to outer layout was fundamentally Consider opportunities to retain of the lido. used. provision. Streamline Modern design. the horizontal emphasis of the arms of restored spiral altered in 1960s and later. some of original walling in order original design. stair. to retain legibility of 1930s plan.
6.1.a.14 Reinstate rainwater pipes to south elevation (Heritage Policies A1 & 3)
Unsuitable materials Location and sectional form of Ensure proper drainage of Medium – an integral part and design will damage cast-iron downpipes to match 6.1.C Heritage Impact Summary for first-floor interior Table 5 water from roof terraces. of the original design. aesthetic value of the lido. those shown in 1938 photos. Need Heritage significance Risks Issues 6.1.A.15 Select suitable exterior colour palette (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) 6.1.C.2 Restoration of restaurant (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) Protect and enhance the aesthetic value of Only significant change High – 1938 scheme with Interior decoration is vital to the the building, consistent Restore the principal High – the most significant proposed is removal of pale yellow/cream walls Colour is an integral part of the success of this scheme. Consider with the 1930s and 1960s interior of the 1930s lido interior space remaining 1962 built-up false floor and and mid green/blue Unsuitable colours will original design, with a clear the design for lino flooring, as schemes which display as a multi-functional from the 1930s lido, steps to the north of the windows and doors 2) early damage aesthetic value of choice between the 1938 scheme originally used in 1930s, and the a contrast between entertainment space, with extended to west with restaurant/ function room 1960s scheme with yellow/ the lido. and a modern scheme with white colour for the columns in the light walls and darker restored southern aspect to resited kitchen and with to connect with the new light brown walls and mid walls and light green features. main restaurant space (originally architectural features the rotunda cafe. parquet flooring of 1960s. extension at original first blue features. medium green). (windows, doors, floor level. downpipes and railings).
6.1.A.15 Replace signage across front elevation (Heritage Policies A1 & 3)
Unsuitable font and Restore signage to original High – a prominent feature inaccurate spacing will Spacing and font to match those font and spacing of the façade. damage aesthetic value of shown in 1938 photos. the lido.
52 53 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
6.1.D Heritage Impact Summary for the lido site Table 6 6.1.D.6 Reintroduction and enhancement of soft landscaping (Heritage Policies A1 & 3)
Need Heritage significance Risks Issues Replacement of hard by soft To enable public enjoyment Low – has been partly landscaping to west offers of the site in line with the concreted over, and mostly Medium. 6.1.D.1 Restoring pool to original form with restored fountain (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) opportunity to minimise flood original design ethos. dates from 1960s. risk. There has been much alteration to the main Fountain must be an exact ‘like- pool area, including for-like’ replacement. Essential to restore the its subdivision in 1997, Nature of the 1990s works 6.2 Maintenance Plan and Maintenance differs from repair, which is work heritage and communal insertion of early 1960s and need to ensure a strong Colour and texture of blue pool carried out to put right defects, significant decay values of the lido and glazed windbreaks and swimming tank necessitated tiles, scum channel and edging costs enhance appreciation of replacement of the paving. removal of the whole multi- tiles to complement colour or damage, and work to return a building to a good the setting of the Grade II* The fountain was a critical phased concrete pool with selected for the overall scheme Resources should be earmarked and agreed by condition on a long-term basis. Such repairs are building. feature of the original the fountain. (see 6.1.A.15) the SLCIC directors and Manager for the regular not built into this CMP, can be included within the design, serving to aerate programme of essential maintenance and inspection quinquennial inspection regime (6.3). the water and as a focal point. of the fabric. Guidelines on specifications for repairs and restoration shall be based on the approved Maintenance Log Book specifications and baseline data provided by 6.1.D.2 Restoring children’s pool with wet play area (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) existing consents, surveys and assessments. Once All repairs or alterations will be entered in a Low as pool will be restored restored, Saltdean Lido should cost less to maintain Maintenance Log Book to be maintained by the to its original form, and than other lidos with separate buildings and more Essential to sustain the SLCIC manager/property committee. High as an integral part children’s play area fits Safe poolside surfacing to follow heritage and communal extensive landscaped grounds with concealed and of the original design and with original design ethos. successful adoption at other values of the lido, vital to appreciation of the Concrete tiles are original heritage lidos (e.g. Cheltenham). ageing pipework serving the pool. HLF recommend compliant with modern setting of the II* building. but may not conform to the compilation of a tabulated Maintenance Plan health and safety standards. modern health and safety cross-referred to the CMP, with details of when/ who 6.3 Quinquennial inspection standards. to do the work including: A quinquennial inspection regime is proposed, which 6.1.D.2 New plant room, completed autumn 2015 (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) • arrangements for annual inspection of the site will, in the context of the Maintenance Plan, provide an opportunity to review the regular maintenance Essential to provide Low as built into bank High as sited to west of Successfully resolved through • a detailed schedule of items to be inspected updated heating and which was planted and in programme, to monitor its effectiveness, and to main pool area in front of cutting into west bank and flat filtration to modern health 1930s served as children’s and maintained, including the timing of work pinpoint necessary changes to the regime. It should lido building grass-roofed design. and safety standards. garden. for immediate, annual and longer term actions be conducted by an appointed architect or surveyor 6.1.D.3 Landscaping for recreational areas (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) • the costs and resources needed for this who will produce a report listing the results of the work, which could use HLF’s guidance on inspection and the recommendations for repair and management and maintenance planning (April maintenance measures. High as south-facing area Avoid permanent clutter while 2008) and the British Standards Institute Guide To enable public enjoyment The quinquennial inspection will review the is vital to appreciation of accepting need for temporary of the site in line with the Low as can be mitigated. to the Conservation of Historic Buildings. BS the setting of the Grade II* fencing (as used in 1938) for maintenance regime, but will also enable the SLCIC original design ethos. 7913 (2000) building. multiple uses. to programme major capital works of repair beyond • arrangements for keeping an ongoing the scope of that maintenance regime. It will cover 6.1.D.4 Changing rooms to east of the site (Heritage Policies A1 & 3) maintenance log. the structure of the building, its exterior and interior This will be subject to further input from engineers and any movable articles of architectural, artistic, Need Heritage significance Risks Issues and consultants for the operation of the site. historical or archaeological value based upon the Inventory. A report will contain observations and Changing rooms required High as south-facing area High as any unsuitable Careful siting and modern design recommendations for these items and their parts, due to displacement of use is vital to appreciation of scale and siting will have a to the east will ensure that it has from the 1930s outer wings, as well as a table of priority work, grouped together the setting of the Grade II* harmful impact on the lido minimal impact on the setting of Key headings either as temporary or as according to their urgency. This allows the SLCIC to building. in its setting. the Grade II* lido. permanent structure. Key headings for Maintenance Plan: plan and arrange for specification, detailed costing and funding for the works. 6.1.D.5 Perimeter fencing around lido (Heritage Policy A1 & 2) • roofs
Low aesthetic value , but Any replacement will have • rainwater disposal system, both above and To provide secure external 1938 photographs reveal it potentially high impact on Will continue to be repaired on a below ground fencing. has always been post-and- heritage significance due to like-for-like basis. • external walls, including doors and windows panel. its prominence around site. • internal structure • building services.
54 55 SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan
Holden, J. (2007) Logging On. Culture, Participation Section 7 Sources and the Web. Report for Demos. Kerr, J S (1996) The Conservation Plan. Sydney: Sources cited in the CMP are shown here. A full list of Clark, K. ed. (2006) Capturing the Public Value of National Trust of New South Wales. sources on the history of Saltdean and its lido, and of Heritage. Proceedings of the London Conference. Lake, J., 2009, Sandford Park Lido: Conservation lidos and 20th century culture in general, is included English Heritage: Swindon. Management Plan. Cheltenham: Sandford Park Lido in the Saltdean Lido Heritage Assessment. Council of Europe (2000) European Landscape Ltd. Convention. Council of Europe: Florence. Lake J and Hutchings F (2009) ‘The enigma of place: The Architect and Building News (1938) ‘The Saltdean Council of Europe (2005) Framework Convention on reading the values of Bletchley Park’, in Forbes, Lido’, 18 August 1938, 217−9. the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society. Council of N, Page, R and Perez, G Europe’s Deadly Century. Europe: Florence. Perspectives on 20th century conflict heritage, 87-96. The Architect and Building News (1938) ‘The Ocean English Heritage: Swindon. Hotel’, 12 August 1938, 175−81. Crick-Smith, C. and M. (2015), Investigation of Decorative Surfaces, Historic Interiors and Exterior Leatheart, J. R. (1938) ‘Current Architecture’ in Avrami, E., Mason R. and de la Torre M. (2000) Values Decorations. Saltdean Lido, Saltdean, East Sussex. Building, October 1938, 412. and Heritage Conservation: Research Report. The Architectural Paint Research Report. Crick Smith: Local Government Association (2001) The Value Getty Conservation Institute: Los Angeles. University of Lincoln. of Parks and Open Spaces, LGA, supported by the Barton, J. and Pretty, J. (2010), ‘What is the Best Dose De Botton, A. (2006) The Architecture of Happiness. Countryside Agency and endorsed by the Chief of Nature and Green Exercise for Improving Mental Hamish Hamilton, London. Cultural and Leisure Officers Association. Health? A Multi-Study Analysis’, Environmental Science and Technology (Journal of the American D’Enno, D (1985) The Saltdean Story. Phillimore: Powers, Alan (ed) (1991) Farewell My Lido. Twentieth Chemical Society) 44, 3947-3955. Chichester. Century Society: London. The Builder (1938), ‘The Ocean Hotel, Saltdean, de la Torre, Marta, ed. (2002) Assessing the Values Smith, Janet (2005) Liquid Assets. The lidos and Sussex’, 5 August 1938, 249-253. of Cultural Heritage: Research Report. The Getty open air swimming pools of Britain. English Heritage: Conservation Institute: Los Angeles. Swindon. CABE (Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment) (2004a) The Value of Public Space: Department of Culture, Media & Sport (2001a) The Stevens, Jez (2010) ‘’No Diving’: Recovered Film How High Quality Parks and Public Spaces Create Historic Environment: A Force for Our Future. DCMS: and Recovered Memories’, Journal of the Society of Economic, Social and Environmental Value. CABE, London. Archivists, 31 (2), 163-176. London. English Heritage (1999) Conservation Plans in Action. Thirties Society (1991) Farewell My Lido. Thirties CABE (Commission for Architecture and the Built Proceedings of the Oxford Conference. English Society: London. Environment) (2004b) Manifesto for Better Public Heritage: London. Wiltse, J. (2007) Contested Waters. A social history Spaces. CABE: London. English Heritage (2000) Power of Place, A future for of swimming pools in America. The University of CABE (Commission for Architecture and the Built the historic environment. English Heritage: London. North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill. Environment) (2005) Physical Capital: How Great Worpole, Ken (2002a) Here Comes the Sun. Places Boost Public Value. CABE: London. English Heritage (2008) Conservation Principles. Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Architecture and Public Space in Twentieth-Century Chitty, J. and Wood, J. (2002) ‘A Sporting Chance. Management of the Historic Environment. English European Culture. Reaktion Books: London. Realising the value of sports heritage’ in Conservation Heritage: Swindon. Worpole, K. (2002b) No Particular Place to Bulletin 43 (The Value of Public Places), 9-13. Greenhalgh, L and Worpole, K (1996) People, Parks Go: Children, Young People and Public Space. Clark, K. (ed) (1999) Conservation Plans in Action: and Cities: a guide to current good practice in urban Groundwork UK: London. Proceedings of the Oxford Conference. English parks. Department of the Environment: London. Heritage: London. Heritage Lottery Fund (2000) Conservation Plans for Clark, K. (2001) Informed Conservation: Historic Places. HLF: London. Understanding Historic Buildings and their landscapes for conservation. English Heritage: Hertzog, T. and Strevey, S. (2008) ‘Contact with London. Nature, Sense of Humor, and Psychological Well- Being’, Environment and Behavior 40, 747-776
56 57 SALTDEAN LIDO SALTDEAN LIDO Conservation Plan Conservation Plan
ground floor rear was a large room containing the REASONS FOR DESIGNATION: Section 8 Appendices water heating and pumping system, a fuel store, a staff room and staff stair, the central part of the Saltdean Lido, Saltdean Park Road, a Moderne style upper floor comprised a cafe and kitchen and the lido of 1938 designed by RWH Jones is designated 8.1 list description windows and a recessed doorcase. Its north-west curved side wings had open sun terraces with chair at Grade II* for the following principal reasons: * side is now obscured by the 1964 extension. Architectural merit: architecturally probably the The research undertaken for this plan has stores at the ends. finest lido in England * Intactness: the original highlighted inaccuracies in this description that Vehicular access was to the rear of the building INTERIOR: The ground floor has lost the central fabric survives substantially intact despite a later will be corrected through submission to Historic and originally there was a boating lake here and an staircase up to the first floor but the sides retain rear addition* Technological interest: constructed England. elaborate rock garden was laid out on the western curved concrete staircases. The ground floor embankment. of reinforced concrete rather than the more Lido with ancillary building. 1938, designed retains the original pipework to the boiler room prevalent brick* Rarity of type: one of only eleven by RWH Jones in Moderne style, refurbished and a door with porthole window, but no original After just two summer seasons Saltdean Lido was surviving lidos still in use and only three surviving c1964 and c1997. The 1964 north library and fittings remain to the changing rooms. The upper closed in September 1940 by the outbreak of World seaside lidos still in use community centre extension is of lesser interest. floor has a large hall with stage at one end, the War II and the auxiliary fire service moved in, ceiling beams supported on two rows of plain using the pool as a water tank. The male dressing MATERIALS: Reinforced concrete with sprayed columns with a parquet floor and the staircase rooms were converted into a temporary church cement finish painted white. The flat roofs are from the first floor onto the roof survives. and the female section into a Sunday School. overlaid with concrete tiles or bituminous felt. Although the fire service left in 1945 Saltdean Lido Metal Crittall windows with horizontal glazing bars POOL: The original three tier curved fountain has remained closed to the public for nineteen years. In throughout. been replicated. The division into two pools, the 1962 Brighton Town Council issued a compulsory western a shallower children’s pool, with a central purchase order on the owners and bought it for PLAN: Symmetrical ancillary building of two snake-shaped path and mast took place in the £20,000. Refurbishment plans were drawn up for storeys with projecting centre and curvilinear 1990s. £86,000, which included a two storey library and wings originally comprising changing rooms to the community centre extension which was added to ground floor sides with central cafe, sun terraces HISTORY: Saltdean Lido was designed by RWH the north-west, covering the site of the boating and solarium above. The pool is rectangular except Jones in Moderne style and completed in July lake. At the same time the tall chimneystack for the north-east side which has an elliptical shape 1938. It was built on the Saltdean estate, developed serving the boiler room was removed. Saltdean following the curve of the ancillary building. by Charles Neville between the 1920s and mid- Lido re-opened on 4 July 1964. Further external 1930s, which offered houses and bungalows in alterations to the rear extension were carried out in EXTERIOR: The central block of the ancillary Tudor, Spanish and Italian style and even three the late 1970s. building is semi-circular in plan and the first floor Cubist houses of c.1934 by Connell, Ward and has a projecting concrete canopy with metal pipe Lucas. Saltdean Lido replaced a bowling green and In 1995 the lido closed again after falling railings linking across almost the full width of the tennis grounds. RWH Jones also designed the 1938 attendances and the need for repairs. In 1997 it wings. The canopy is supported on five slender Ocean Hotel at Saltdean (Grade II). was leased from the council for 125 years at a concrete piers which are carried up as vertical peppercorn rent with repairs to the pool financed supports or mullions in the glazed first floor walls. The inspiration for Saltdean Lido appears to have by the sale of land behind the lido, on which a The recessed ground floor has tall casement come from contemporary ocean liner and aircraft public house was built. Saltdean Lido was re- windows and side entrances into the centre of the design and may also have been influenced by the opened on 23 May 1998 with the ground floor of building. The first floor has 14 full-height French De La Warr Pavilion of 1933-6, by Eric Mendelsohn the original building converted into a health club windows. In the centre of the curved fascia are and Serge Chermayeff at Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex and the upper cafe area rented out to a community projecting large letters ‘SALTDEAN LIDO’ and (Grade I). Saltdean Lido was designed to face association. As part of the refurbishment the main metal railings. Above is a solarium with rounded south-east towards the sea, featuring a sea water pool was divided into two with a snaking path in ends and projecting flat canopy. The curved wings pool with a central fountain on the curved north- between, with a shallower children’s pool to the each have four shallow casement windows and east side and a central diving stage on the straight west. A tall mast was erected on the central path. central entrances with half-glazed wooden doors south-west side. There was a separate children’s to the ground floor. The upper floor of the wings paddling pool, rectangular but with one curved SOURCES: Architect and Building News, (18 comprises sunbathing terraces with screen walls side to the south-west of the main pool. The August 1938), Plans published Brodie, A and with cantilevered canopies for shade, and have a Moderne style building, set as a backdrop to the Winter, G, England’s Seaside Resorts, (2007) 88, stepped cornice and curved blank walls to the ends pools, featured a solarium, curved central and end 119-21 Building, (October 1938) Powers, A (Ed.), originally containing chair stores. The north-west staircases and male and female changing rooms Farewell My Lido, (August 1991) 13 Smith, J, Liquid elevation wings retain narrow casement windows. in the side wings, each with separate divisions for Assets. The Lidos and Open Air Swimming Pools The side elevations of the central part have four towels, hangers, ‘dressing boxes’ and toilets. To the of Britain, (2005) 146-51
58 59