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LITHIC ANALYSIS of the JOT-EM-DOWN SHELTER (15Mcy348) COLLECTION: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, RAW MATERIAL UTILIZATION, and SHELTER ACTIVITIES ALONG the CUMBERLAND PLATEAU

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LITHIC ANALYSIS of the JOT-EM-DOWN SHELTER (15Mcy348) COLLECTION: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, RAW MATERIAL UTILIZATION, and SHELTER ACTIVITIES ALONG the CUMBERLAND PLATEAU University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology Anthropology 2014 LITHIC ANALYSIS OF THE JOT-EM-DOWN SHELTER (15McY348) COLLECTION: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, RAW MATERIAL UTILIZATION, AND SHELTER ACTIVITIES ALONG THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU Mary M. White University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation White, Mary M., "LITHIC ANALYSIS OF THE JOT-EM-DOWN SHELTER (15McY348) COLLECTION: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, RAW MATERIAL UTILIZATION, AND SHELTER ACTIVITIES ALONG THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU" (2014). Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology. 12. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/12 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Mary M. White, Student Dr. George Crothers, Major Professor Dr. Hsain Ilahiane, Director of Graduate Studies LITHIC ANALYSIS OF THE JOT-EM-DOWN SHELTER (15McY348) COLLECTION: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, RAW MATERIAL UTILIZATION, AND SHELTER ACTIVITIES ALONG THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU __________________________________________ THESIS __________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Mary M. White London, Kentucky Director: Dr. George Crothers, Professor of Anthropology Lexington, Kentucky 2014 Copyright© Mary M. White 2014 ABSTRACT OF THESIS LITHIC ANALYSIS OF THE JOT-EM-DOWN SHELTER (15McY348) COLLECTION: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, RAW MATERIAL UTILIZATION, AND SHELTER ACTIVITIES ALONG THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU The Jot-em-Down Shelter (15McY348) was excavated by U.S. Forest Service archaeologists in 1986. The present study concentrated on the lithic assemblage, with a particular focus on the chipped stone debitage. The Jot-em-Down Shelter lithic assemblage was compared to assemblages recovered from four nearby sites, open sites 15McY570 and 15McY616, and rockshelter sites 15McY403 and 15McY409; and rockshelter sites located in and near the Red River Gorge, Cold Oak Shelter (15LE50) and Rock Bridge Shelter (15WO75). This study determined that Jot-em-Down Shelter was a multicomponent site utilized by mobile groups of people from the Early Archaic through Mississippi periods. Use of the site intensified around the Late Archaic and Early Woodland periods. Prehistoric peoples who occupied the shelter had contact with other groups from the surrounding area, hunted nearby, and processed hides. KEYWORDS: Excavation, Rockshelter, Lithic Analysis, Late Archaic, Early Woodland Mary M. White January 29, 2014 LITHIC ANALYSIS OF THE JOT-EM-DOWN SHELTER (15McY348) COLLECTION: SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, RAW MATERIAL UTILIZATION, AND SHELTER ACTIVITIES ALONG THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU By Mary M. White Dr. George Crothers Director of Thesis Dr. Hsain Ilahiane Director of Graduate Studies ____________________________________ Date Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor and committee chair, George Crothers. He has applied the right amount of pressure, push, and guidance during this thesis process. My other committee members, Dick Jefferies and Gwynn Henderson, graciously provided a healthy balance of encouragement and constructive criticism, along with helpful edits, that made this a better document. I also want to thank all the Forest Service district archaeologists who set me on this path, taught me along the way, and encouraged me down my own path. Tom Fouts and Johnny Faulkner introduced me to field work and provided my first understandings of the discipline. Bill Sharp helped me develop further with field work and report writing, always willing to discuss any topic, and ready with a book to loan from his vast collection! Thanks to Randy Boedy, who I continue to work with quite frequently, and who handed me the big, plastic tub labelled “Jot-em-Down”. Thanks to forest archaeologists Melissa Twaroski, Chris Jenkins, and especially Cecil Ison, who supported and encouraged me during their years on the Daniel Boone National Forest and beyond. And of course, to Cecil Ison and Gary Knudsen who excavated Jot-em-Down and left a trail that could be followed almost thirty years later. From my family I’d like to thank my mother, Daisy White, who instilled in me a desire for learning and a drive to accomplish. I only wish she had lived to see this educational journey. And lastly, I want to thank Amy Allen for constant encouragement and support. Thank you all. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. iii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1 – Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Rockshelters in Kentucky ............................................................................................... 1 Rockshelter Research in Kentucky ................................................................................. 2 Comparative Research .................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2 - Research Objectives ......................................................................................... 9 Chapter 3 - Investigations at Jot-em-Down Rockshelter .................................................. 10 Survey/Site Discovery .................................................................................................. 10 Excavation .................................................................................................................... 12 Test Units ...................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 4 - Materials Recovered ...................................................................................... 25 Ceramics ....................................................................................................................... 25 Faunal ........................................................................................................................... 26 Worked bone ................................................................................................................. 26 Mussel shell .................................................................................................................. 27 Groundstone .................................................................................................................. 27 Limestone ..................................................................................................................... 28 Sandstone ...................................................................................................................... 28 Charcoal ........................................................................................................................ 28 Historic/Modern ............................................................................................................ 29 Miscellaneous Prehistoric ............................................................................................. 29 Chapter 5 - Lithic Analysis ............................................................................................... 30 Laboratory Methods ...................................................................................................... 32 Screen Size ................................................................................................................ 32 Artifact
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