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Nadbiskup Franjo Šeper I Crkveno-Državni Odnosi 1960.- 1969

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Nadbiskup Franjo Šeper I Crkveno-Državni Odnosi 1960.- 1969 SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU HRVATSKI STUDIJI Josip Kajinić NADBISKUP FRANJO ŠEPER I CRKVENO-DRŽAVNI ODNOSI 1960.- 1969. DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2013. godina SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU HRVATSKI STUDIJI Josip Kajinić NADBISKUP FRANJO ŠEPER I CRKVENO-DRŽAVNI ODNOSI 1960.- 1969. DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2013. godina UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB HRVATSKI STUDIJI Josip Kajinić ARCHBISHOP FRANJO ŠEPER AND CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS FROM 1960 TO 1969 DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2013 SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU HRVATSKI STUDIJI JOSIP KAJINIĆ NADBISKUP FRANJO ŠEPER I CRKVENO-DRŽAVNI ODNOSI 1960.- 1969. DOKTORSKI RAD Mentor: Dr. sc. Jure Krišto Zagreb, 2013. godina SADRŽAJ 1. Uvod 10 1.1. Ciljevi i hipoteze disertacije 14 1.2. Metodologija istraživanja i izvori 17 1.3. Historiografija 21 2. Katolička Crkva i crkveno – državni odnosi od 1945. 26 do 1960. godine 2.1. Društveno-političke prilike u Hrvatskoj od 1945. do 1960. 26 godine 2.2. Crkveno-državni odnosi u Hrvatskoj od 1945. do 1960. 30 2.3. Jugoslavenski prekid diplomatskih odnosa sa Svetom 35 Stolicom 2.4. Uzroci sukoba komunističkih vlasti s Katoličkom Crkvom 40 u Jugoslaviji 2.5. Oblici obračuna državnih vlasti s Katoličkom Crkvom 45 2.6. Kardinal Alojzije Stepinac, Šeperov prethodnik na mjestu 50 nadbiskupa 3. Život Franje Šepera do trenutka biskupskog 55 ređenja 3.1. Mladost, školovanje i studij u Rimu 55 3.2. Šeper kao rektor Bogoslovnog sjemeništa i župnik u 58 zagrebačkom Trnju 4. Franjo Šeper u službi zagrebačkog nadbiskupa 61 4.1. Nadbiskupsko imenovanje 61 4.2. Franjo Šeper i odnos s državnim vlastima 71 4.2.1. Odnos državnih vlasti prema Šeperovu imenovanju za 71 nadbiskupa 4.2.2. Razgovori između Katoličke Crkve i državnih vlasti te uloga 83 Franje Šepera 4.2.3. Glavne točke prijepora državnih vlasti u odnosima s Franjom 93 Šeperom i Crkvom 4.3. Djelovanje Franje Šepera na čelu Zagrebačke nadbiskupije 105 4.3.1. Drugi vatikanski koncil i Franjo Šeper 106 4.3.2 Franjo Šeper i promicanje koncilskog duha u Hrvatskoj - 117 primjer tiskovne i izdavačke djelatnosti 4.3.2.1. Pojava i uloga Glasa Koncila 117 4.3.2.2. Ostali katolički tisak 122 4.3.2.3. Oživljavanje izdavačke djelatnosti Katoličke Crkve kroz pokretanje 126 Centra za koncilska istraživanja, dokumentaciju i informacije – Kršćanska sadašnjost 4.3.3. Odnos državnih vlasti prema Drugom vatikanskom koncilu te 130 6 koncilskom djelovanju Franje Šepera i drugih biskupa 4.3.4. Doprinos Franje Šepera u razvoju Zagrebačke nadbiskupije 140 4.4. Franjo Šeper na čelu Biskupske konferencije Jugoslavije 152 4.4.1. Rad Biskupske konferencije Jugoslavije 152 4.4.2. Promjene u crkvenoj upravi i prostornoj organizaciji 164 Katoličke Crkve 4.5. Imenovanje nadbiskupa Franje Šepera kardinalom 176 4.6. Pregovori i potpisivanje Protokola između predstavnika 186 Jugoslavije i Svete Stolice 4.7. Epilog potpisivanja Protokola 197 4.8. Imenovanje Franje Šepera na dužnost prefekta 208 Kongregacije za nauk vjere 5. Franjo Šeper na mjestu prefekta Kongregacije za 218 nauk vjere 5.1. Šeperov odlazak s mjesta zagrebačkog nadbiskupa na novu 218 dužnost u Rim 5.2. Djelovanje Franje Šepera na mjestu prefekta Kongregacije 222 za nauk vjere 6. Zaključak 233 Popis službenih glasila, arhivskih izvora i tiskovina 237 Popis literature 239 Popis Internet izvora 248 Popis tablica 256 Popis grafikona 256 Popis slika 257 Popis karata 257 Popis dokumenata 257 Sažetak 258 Summary 262 Životopis 265 Bibliografija 266 7 Predgovor 8 9 1. Uvod Djelovanje Katoličke Crkve u Hrvatskoj jedna je od neiscrpnih tema za historiografiju. Od najranije povijesti i doseljavanja Hrvata na prostore koje danas obitavaju Katolička Crkva uvelike je utjecala na politički, društveni, gospodarski i kulturni razvoj te život i djelovanje ljudi. Zbog toga su istraživanja rada Crkve kao institucije te znamenitih crkvenih osoba od velikog značenja za hrvatsku historiografiju. Jedna od najistaknutijih osoba Katoličke Crkve u Hrvatskoj nedvojbeno je bio dr. Franjo Šeper,1 zagrebački nadbiskup, a zatim i rimski stožernik – kardinal.2 Imenovanjem na dužnost prefekta Kongregacije za nauk vjere3 1968. godine,4 Šeper je zauzeo najvažnije mjesto u Katoličkoj Crkvi poslije Pape. Imenovanjem na ovu dužnost postao je de facto Papina desna ruka, a samim time jedna od najvažnijih osoba suvremene Crkve. Njegovo značenje je bilo iznimno za Crkvu u svijetu, ali još više za njezin ogranak u Hrvatskoj. Šeper je bio najviše rangiran Hrvat u okrilju Katoličke Crkve uopće. Šeperovo djelovanje na mjestu zagrebačkog nadbiskupa odvijalo se u vrijeme vrlo značajnih događaja i promjena, kako su svijetu, tako i u Katoličkoj Crkvi. Bilo je to vrijeme kada se Crkva, nakon Drugoga vatikanskog sabora,5 otvorila prema suvremenom svijetu. Na 1 Franjo Šeper bio je zagrebački nadbiskup i kardinal te prefekt Kongregacije za nauk vjere Katoličke crkve. Rodio se 2. listopada 1905. godine u Osijeku. Završio je studij teologije u Zagrebu i Rimu gdje je i zaređen 26. listopada 1930. godine. Službovao je na mjestu nadbiskupskoga tajnika nadbiskupa Alojzija Stepinca od 1934. godine, rektora Nadbiskupskog bogoslovnog sjemeništa od 1941. godine te upravitelja župe Krista Kralja u zagrebačkom naselju Trnje. Papa Pio XII imenovao ga je . nadbiskupom koadjutorom Zagrebačke nadbiskupije 22. srpnja 1954. godine te mu je udijelio počasni naslov titularnog biskupa Philippopolisa u Trakiji u Bugarskoj. Rezidencijalnim nadbiskupom zagrebačkim imenovao ga je papa Ivan XXIII. 5. ožujka 1960. godine. Papa Pavao VI. uvrstio ga je u Zbor kardinala Katoličke Crkve na konzistoriju održanome 22. veljače 1965. godine te mu je povjerio u posjed crkvu svetih Petra i Pavla u rimskoj četvrti EUR a Via Ostiense. Zbog mnogobrojnih zasluga imenovan je na dužnost prefekta Kongregacije za nauk vjere Katoličke Crkve 8. siječnja 1968. godine te je razriješen službe zagrebačkoga nadbiskupa 20. kolovoza 1969. godine. Dužnost prefekta Kongregacije za nauk vjere vršio je do umirovljenja 25. studenoga 1981. godine. Za uprave u Zagrebačkoj nadbiskupiji oživio je djelovanje Caritasa, pokrenuo Katehetski institut, Institut za crkvenu glazbu, Teološko-pastoralni institute, pokrenuo katolički list Glas (s) koncila te Centar za koncilska istraživanja, dokumentaciju i informacije – Kršćanska sadašnjost. Sudjelovao je u pripremi te radu Drugoga vatikanskog koncila. Umro je 30. prosinca 1981. godine u Rimu. 2 Član Kardinalskog zbora, koji bira i savjetuje papu. Kurijalni kardinali stoluju u Rimu i sudjeluju u različitim konzistorijima, dok rezidencijalni upravljaju svojim (nad)biskupijama. Kao članovi Kardinalskog zbora sudjeluju na konklavama gdje izabiru novoga papu. (Kan. 349. – 358. U: Zakonik kanonskoga prava, Glas koncila, Zagreb, 1996., str. 172-179). 3 Rimska kongregacija za zaštitu i promicanje katoličkog nauka. Proučava kontroverzna pitanja i vrednuje teološka mišljenja. Nakon reforme Rimske kurije (1967. godine) zamijenila je Sveti oficij. (Vidi: http://www.doctrinafidei.va/). 4 Acta Apostolicae Sedis (AAS), službeno glasilo Apostolske Stolice, 60 [1968] 95. 5 Drugi vatikanski koncil, odnosno dvadeset i prvi ekumenski koncil, održan u bazilici sv. Petra u Rimu od 1962. do 1965. godine. Papa Ivan XXIII. najavio ga je 25. siječnja 1959. godine te formalno sazvao apostolskom 10 svjetskoj razini, veliku ulogu za Katoličku Crkvu imao je Papa Ivan XXIII.6 koji je započeo s aggiornamentom7 u Katoličkoj Crkvi. Njegovo nastojanje je nastavio i okončao njegov nasljednik, Pavao VI.8 Značajnu ulogu u ovim promjenama unutar Katoličke Crkve imao je upravo Franjo Šeper. On je bio jedna od zapaženijih osoba na koncilskim zasjedanjima te glavni poticatelj prihvaćanja koncilskih odluka u Crkvi na hrvatskome prostoru. Osobito se zalagao za aktivno sudjelovanje vjernika laika u životu Katoličke Crkve, poticanje međureligijskoga dijaloga i jačanje javne uloge Crkve putem karitativne i medijske djelatnosti. odlukom od 25. prosinca 1961. godine. Nakon smrti pape Ivana XXIII., Koncil je nastavio i zaključio papa Pavao VI. Svrha je koncila bila obnova Katoličke Crkve u susretu s modernim svijetom (aggiornamento). Koncil se odvio u četiri zasjedanja. Bilo mu je nazočno oko 2.500 crkvenih dostojanstvenika iz cijeloga svijeta, a pozvane su i druge kršćanske zajednice kao promatrači. Mjesto osuda i izopćivanja zauzet je stav razumijevanja, svjedočenja, ekumenizma i dijaloga. Ukinut je Indeks zabranjenih knjiga, povučeno obostrano izopćenje između Istočne i Zapadne Crkve te uvedeni živi jezici u liturgiju. Koncilski stavovi izraženi su u 16 koncilskih dokumenata (četiri konstitucije, devet dekreta i tri deklaracije) na latinskom jeziku. (Vidi: http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/). 6 Ivan XXIII., pravim imenom Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli bio je papa od 1958. do 1963. Rođen je 25. studenoga 1881. godine u malenome mjestu Sotte il Monte nedaleko Bergama u talijanskoj regiji Lombardiji. Za svećenika je zaređen 10. kolovoza 1904. godine. Dana 3. ožujka 1925. godine od pape Pija XI. imenovan je u diplomatsku službu u Bugarskoj te mu je udijeljen počasni naslov titularnog biskupa Areopolisa na Peloponezu u Grčkoj, za koji je primio biskupski red 19. ožujka 1925. godine. Već 16. listopada 1931. godine preuzima službu apostolskoga delegata u Bugarskoj. Dana 30. studenoga 1934. godine prima i počasnu titulu biskupa Mesembrije, mjesta na crnomorskoj obali Bugarske. Od 12. siječnja 1935. godine vršio je službu apostolskoga delegata u Turskoj i Bugarskoj, a zatim je od pape Pija XII. Imenovan apostolskim nuncijem u Francuskoj. Isti papa uvrstio ga je u kardinalski zbor 12. siječnja 1953. godine te mu je dao u
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