DOCSLIB.ORG

South Sudan Border

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
South Sudan Border 30 Dividing lines: Grazing and conflict along the Sudan– South Sudan border By Joshua Craze Copyright Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva 2013 First published in July 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. Small Arms Survey Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Series editor: Emile LeBrun Copy-edited by Emile LeBrun and Clar Ni Chonghaile Proofread by Donald Strachan ([email protected]) Cartography by Jillian Luff (www.mapgrafix.com) Typeset in Optima and Palatino by Richard Jones ([email protected]) Printed by nbmedia in Geneva, Switzerland ISBN 978-2-9700856-7-6 2 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 30 Contents Maps ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Border negotiations 21 The CPA 22 Impasse at the TBC 22 The disputed territories 24 Security arrangements and border monitoring 27 The 27 September agreements 31 Current stakeholder positions 37 Future prospects 41 II. The Northern Bahr el Ghazal–East Darfur border ........................................................................ 43 Introduction 44 A brief history of the border 45 The border: 2005–11 47 The imposition of an international border 50 Current political dynamics 53 Armed actors 58 Stakeholder positions 61 Future prospects 68 Western Bahr el Ghazal 69 Craze Dividing lines 3 III. Abyei ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72 Introduction 72 A brief history of the border 73 Current political dynamics 82 Armed actors 92 The state of negotiations 93 Stakeholder positions 97 Future prospects 100 IV. The Unity–South Kordofan border ................................................................................................................... 103 Introduction 103 A brief history of the border 105 The border: 2005–11 109 The imposition of an international border 113 Current political dynamics 115 Armed groups 124 Stakeholder positions 125 Future prospects 130 V. The Upper Nile–South Kordofan border .................................................................................................... 131 Introduction 131 A brief history of the border 133 The border 2005–11 134 The imposition of an international border 138 Current political dynamics 139 Armed groups 143 Stakeholder positions 144 Future prospects 146 VI. The Upper Nile state–White Nile border ................................................................................................ 148 Introduction 148 4 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 30 A brief history of the border 149 The border 2005–11 150 The imposition of an international border 151 Current political dynamics 152 Armed actors 155 Stakeholder positions 156 Future prospects 157 VII. The Upper Nile–Blue Nile border ................................................................................................................... 159 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 163 Endnotes .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 167 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 182 About the author ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 190 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 191 Craze Dividing lines 5 Maps Map 1 Sudan–South Sudan border zone Map 2 Disputed areas at the TBC Map 3 Grazing routes into Northern Bahr el Ghazal, 2011–12 Map 4 Clashes and military positions along the Northern Bahr el Ghazal– East Darfur border, 2011–12 Map 5 Missiriya migration into Abyei, 2011–12 Map 6 UNISFA strategy for the 2012–13 grazing season Map 7 Territorial claims in Abyei, 2012 Map 8 Grazing into Unity state, 2011–12 Map 9 Clashes on the Unity–South Kordofan border, 2011–12 Map 10 Grazing routes into Upper Nile from South Kordofan, 2011–12 Map 11 Grazing routes into eatern Upper Nile, 2011–12 6 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 30 List of abbreviations AAA Abyei Area Administration AAC Abyei Area Council AARC Abyei Area Referendum Commission ABC Abyei Boundaries Commission AJOC Abyei Joint Oversight Committee ALF Abyei Liberation Front ARA Abyei Referendum Act ARC Abyei Referendum Commission ARFP Abyei Referendum Facilitation Panel AU African Union AUHIP African Union High-Level Implementation Panel CBZ Common Border Zone CDO Closed District Ordinances CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement CSSAC Bureau of Community Security and Small Arms Control FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GNU Government of National Unity GoS Government of Sudan GRSS Government of the Republic of South Sudan ICG International Crisis Group IOM International Organization for Migration JBC Joint Border Commission JBVMM Joint Border Verification and Monitoring Mission JEM Justice and Equality Movement JIU Joint Integrated Unit JPSM Joint Political and Security Mechanism NCP National Congress Party NIF National Islamic Front NISS National Intelligence and Security Services Craze Dividing lines 7 PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration PCP Popular Congress Party PDF Popular Defence Forces PDOC Petrodar Operating Company PSC African Union Peace and Security Council RoS Republic of Sudan RoSS Republic of South Sudan SAF Sudan Armed Forces SDBZ Safe Demilitarized Border Zone SDG Sudanese pounds SLA-AW Sudan Liberation Army-Abdul Wahid SLA-MM Sudan Liberation Army-Minni Minawi SPLM/A Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army SPLM-N Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North SPLM-DC Sudan People’s Liberation Movement for Democratic Change SRF Sudan Revolutionary Front SSDF South Sudan Defence Forces SSDM/A South Sudan Democratic Movement/Army SSLM/A South Sudan Liberation Movement/Army SSLA South Sudan Liberation Army SSP South Sudanese pounds SSPS Southern Sudan Police Service SSUM/A South Sudan Unity Movement/Army TBC Technical Border Committee UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNISFA United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei UNMIS United Nations Mission in Sudan UNMISS United Nations Mission in South Sudan UNSC United Nations Security Council 8 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 30 Executive Summary Almost two years after South Sudan became Africa’s newest nation-state, its border with Sudan is neither delimited nor demarcated (see Map 1).1 While a series of agreements were signed in Addis Ababa on 27 September 2012, the status of the contested areas of the border and the explosive question of Abyei were left unresolved.2 At issue for both states are oil reserves in the border region, as well as some of the most fertile land in the two countries. The border region also contains crucial grazing areas for transhumant and pastoralist groups, which traditionally agreed flexible grazing arrangements between themselves long before discussions began about a national border dividing their territory. While there has been no agreement on the border’s location, the border region was the site of a series of clashes in the first half of 2012, before the rainy season began. In March and April, the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) took Hejlij3 from the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), to widespread international con- demnation (Sudan Tribune, 2012b). The SPLA said the assault was prompted by a series of SAF attacks on South Sudanese positions along the border, notably at Kiir Adem between Northern Bahr el Ghazal and East Darfur, and in Unity state (Small Arms Survey, 2012b). Fighting continued throughout 2012,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • No More Hills Ahead?
    No More Hills Ahead? The Sudan’s Tortuous Ascent to Heights of Peace Emeric Rogier August 2005 NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CLINGENDAEL CIP-Data Koninklijke bibliotheek, The Hague Rogier, Emeric No More Hills Ahead? The Sudan’s Tortuous Ascent to Heights of Peace / E. Rogier – The Hague, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. Clingendael Security Paper No. 1 ISBN 90-5031-102-4 Language-editing by Rebecca Solheim Desk top publishing by Birgit Leiteritz Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Clingendael Security and Conflict Programme Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague Phonenumber +31(0)70 - 3245384 Telefax +31(0)70 - 3282002 P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl The Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael is an independent institute for research, training and public information on international affairs. It publishes the results of its own research projects and the monthly ‘Internationale Spectator’ and offers a broad range of courses and conferences covering a wide variety of international issues. It also maintains a library and documentation centre. © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightholders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague, The Netherlands. Contents Foreword i Glossary of Abbreviations iii Executive Summary v Map of Sudan viii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The Sudan: A State of War 5 I.
    [Show full text]
  • The LRA in Kafia Kingi
    The LRA in Kafia Kingi The suspension of the Ugandan army operation in the Central African Republic (CAR) following the overthrow of the CAR regime in March 2013 may have given some respite to the LRA, which by the first quarter of 2013 appeared to be at its weakest in its long history. As of May 2013, there were some 500 LRA members in numerous small groups scattered in CAR, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Sudan. Of these 500, about half were combatants, including up to 200 Ugandans and 50 low-ranking fighters abducted primarily from ethnic Zande com- munities in CAR, DRC, and South Sudan. At least one LRA group, including Kony, was reportedly based near the Dafak Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) garrison in the disputed area of Kafia Kingi for over a year, until February or early March 2013.1 Reports of LRA presence in Kafia Kingi have been made since early 2010. A recent publication contained a detailed account of the history of LRA groups in the area complete with satellite imagery showing the location of a possible LRA camp at close proximity to a SAF garrison.2 In April 2013, Col. al Sawarmi Khalid Sa’ada, the official SAF spokesperson, told the Sudanese official news agency SUNA, ‘ the report [showing an alleged LRA camp in Kafia Kingi] is baseless and rejected,’ adding, ‘SAF has no interest in adopting or sheltering rebels from other countries.’3 But interviews with former LRA members who recently defected confirm that a large LRA group of over 100 people, including LRA leader Joseph Kony, spent about a year in Kafia Kingi.
    [Show full text]
  • SPLA Transformation in 2006–10 and Beyond
    23 In Need of Review: SPLA Transformation in 2006–10 and Beyond By Richard Rands Copyright Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva 2010 First published in November 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. Small Arms Survey Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Edited by Emile LeBrun and Tania Inowlocki Copy-edited by Tania Inowlocki Proofread by Donald Strachan Cartography by Jillian Luff, MAPgrafix Typeset in Optima and Palatino by Richard Jones ([email protected]) Printed by nbmedia in Geneva, Switzerland ISBN 978-2-940415-42-7 2 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 23 Rands In Need of Review 3 Contents List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Introduction and key findings ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Power and Proximity: the Politics of State Secession
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Power and Proximity: The Politics of State Secession Elizabeth A. Nelson The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1396 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] POWER AND PROXIMITY: THE POLITICS OF STATE SECESSION by ELIZABETH A. NELSON A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 ELIZABETH A. NELSON All Rights Reserved ii Power and Proximity: The Politics of State Secession by Elizabeth A. Nelson This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________ ____________________________________ Date Susan L. Woodward Chair of Examining Committee ______________ ____________________________________ Date Alyson Cole Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Professor Susan L. Woodward Professor Peter Liberman Professor Bruce Cronin THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Power and Proximity: The Politics of State Secession by Elizabeth A. Nelson Advisor: Susan L. Woodward State secession is a rare occurrence in the international system. While a number of movements seek secession, the majority fail to achieve statehood. Of the exceptional successes, many have not had the strongest claims to statehood; some of these new states look far less like states than some that have failed.
    [Show full text]
  • South Sudan Conflict Insight | Aug 2018 | Vol
    ABOUT THE REPORT South Sudan Conflict The purpose of this report is to provide analysis and recommendations to assist the African Union (AU), Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Member States and Development Partners in decision-making Insight and in the implementation of peace and security- related instruments. CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Mesfin Gebremichael (Editor in Chief) Mr. Alagaw Ababu Kifle Ms. Alem Kidane Ms. Mahlet Fitiwi Ms. Tsion Belay Ms. Zaharau S. Shariff Situation analysis The area that is today’s South Sudan was once a marginalized region in the EDITING, DESIGN & LAYOUT Republic of Sudan administered by tribal chiefs during the British colonial Ms. Michelle Mendi Muita period (1899-1955). In the 1950s, marginalization gave rise to the Anyanya Mr. Mikias Yitbarek I rebellion, spearheaded by southern Sudanese separatists and resulting in Ms. Siphokazi Mnguni the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972). The war ended after the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement, only for another civil war to break out in 1983 instigated by the Sudan People Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005), one of the longest civil wars on © 2018 Institute for Peace and Security Studies, record, officially ended in 2005 with the signing of the Comprehensive Addis Ababa University. All rights reserved. Peace Agreement (CPA) by the SPLM/A and the government of Sudan. In 2011, six years after the end of the civil war, South Sudan gained August 2018 | Vol. 2 independence from the Republic of Sudan. South Sudan is home to more than 60 ethnic groups, with the Dinka and CONTENTS the Nuer constituting the largest numbers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Training of the Upper Nile
    THE TRAINING OF THE UPPER NILE I PUBLISHED BY PITMAN WATER SUPPLY PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENTS By W. H. MAXWELL, A.M.Inst.C.E., Chartered Civil Engineer, Formerly Borough and Waterworks Engineer, Tunbridge Wells Corporation. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 337 pp., illustrated. 25s. net. WATERWORKS FOR URBAN AND RURAL DISTRICTS By HBNB-T C. ADAMS, M.Inst.C.E., M.I.M.E., F.S.I. In demy 8vo, 246 pp.* with 111 illustrations and 3 folding plates. 15s. net. RIVER WORK CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS By H. C. H. SHENTON, F.S.E., M.Inat.M. and Cy. E., F.R.San.I., F.R.San.E., and F. E. H. SHBNTON, M.S.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 146 pp. 12s. 6d. net. HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS By ROBERT W. ANGUS, B.A.SC, M.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 336 pp. 12s. 6d. net. REINFORCED CONCRETE ARCH DESIGN By G. P. MANNING, M.Eng., A.M.Inst.C.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 200 pp. 18s. 6d. net. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. Parker St. Kingsway, London, W.C.2 THE TRAINING OF THE UPPER NILE BY F. NEWHOUSE B.Sc, F .C.G.I., M.INST.C.E. Late Inspector-General of Egyptian Irrigation in the Sudan PUBLISHED IN OOLLABOBATION WITH THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS LONDON SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD. 1939 SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD. PITMAN HOUSE, PARKER STREET, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C.2 THE PITMAN PRESS, BATH PITMAN HOUSE, LITTLE COLLINS STREET, MELBOURNE ASSOCIATED COMPANIES PITMAN PUBLISHING CORPORATION 2 WEST 45TH STREET, NEW YORK 2O5 WEST MONROE STREET, CHICAGO SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS (CANADA), LTD.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Peace in South Sudan: Progress, Problems, and Prospects
    BUILDING PEACE IN SOUTH SUDAN: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS CENTRE FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA PPOLICY ADVISORY GROUP SEMINAR REPORT CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA DATE OF PUBLICATION: JUNE 2017 BUILDING PEACE IN SOUTH SUDAN: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS CAPE TOWN • SOUTH AFRICA POLICY ADVISORY GROUP SEMINAR REPORT CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA DATE OF PUBLICATION: JUNE 2017 RAPPORTEURS CHARLES MUTASA AND KUDRAT VIRK ii BUILDING PEACE IN SOUTH SUDAN: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS Table of Contents Acknowledgements, About the Organiser, and Rapporteurs v Executive Summary 1 Introduction 6 1. The Challenges of Building Peace in South Sudan 10 2. Challenges Facing South Sudan’s Transitional Government of National Unity 13 3. Implementing the 2015 Addis Ababa Peace Agreement 17 4. Human Rights 20 5. Gender and Peacebuilding 23 6. The Role of Civil Society in Peacebuilding 27 7. The Role of External Actors in South Sudan 30 Policy Recommendations 34 Annexes I. Conference Team 36 II. List of Acronyms 37 DESIGNED BY: KULT CREATIVE, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA EDITORS: TONY KARBO, CENTRE FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION, SOUTH AFRICA; AND JASON COOK, INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT (COPY EDITOR) PHOTOGRAPHER: FANIE JASON BUILDING PEACE IN SOUTH SUDAN: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS iii iv BUILDING PEACE IN SOUTH SUDAN: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS Acknowledgements The Centre for Conflict Resolution (CCR), Cape Town, South Africa, would like to thank the governments of Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Finland for their generous support that made possible the holding of the policy advisory group seminar “Building Peace in South Sudan: Progress, Problems, and Prospects” in Cape Town from 14 to 15 December 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Central African Republic (C.A.R.) Appears to Have Been Settled Territory of Chad
    Grids & Datums CENTRAL AFRI C AN REPUBLI C by Clifford J. Mugnier, C.P., C.M.S. “The Central African Republic (C.A.R.) appears to have been settled territory of Chad. Two years later the territory of Ubangi-Shari and from at least the 7th century on by overlapping empires, including the the military territory of Chad were merged into a single territory. The Kanem-Bornou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, and Dafour groups based in Lake colony of Ubangi-Shari - Chad was formed in 1906 with Chad under Chad and the Upper Nile. Later, various sultanates claimed present- a regional commander at Fort-Lamy subordinate to Ubangi-Shari. The day C.A.R., using the entire Oubangui region as a slave reservoir, from commissioner general of French Congo was raised to the status of a which slaves were traded north across the Sahara and to West Africa governor generalship in 1908; and by a decree of January 15, 1910, for export by European traders. Population migration in the 18th and the name of French Equatorial Africa was given to a federation of the 19th centuries brought new migrants into the area, including the Zande, three colonies (Gabon, Middle Congo, and Ubangi-Shari - Chad), each Banda, and M’Baka-Mandjia. In 1875 the Egyptian sultan Rabah of which had its own lieutenant governor. In 1914 Chad was detached governed Upper-Oubangui, which included present-day C.A.R.” (U.S. from the colony of Ubangi-Shari and made a separate territory; full Department of State Background Notes, 2012). colonial status was conferred on Chad in 1920.
    [Show full text]
  • Space, Home and Racial Meaning Making in Post Independence Juba
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Worldliness of South Sudan: Space, Home and Racial Meaning Making in Post Independence Juba A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology By Zachary Mondesire 2018 © Copyright by Zachary Mondesire 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Worldliness of South Sudan: Space, Home and Racial Meaning Making in Post Independence Juba By Zachary Mondesire Master of Art in Anthropology University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor Hannah C. Appel, Chair The world’s newest state, South Sudan, became independent in July 2011. In 2013, after the outbreak of the still-ongoing South Sudanese civil war, the UNHCR declared a refugee crisis and continues to document the displacement of millions of South Sudanese citizens. In 2016, Crazy Fox, a popular South Sudanese musician, released a song entitled “Ana Gaid/I am staying.” His song compels us to pay attention to those in South Sudan who have chosen to stay, or to return and still other African regionals from neighboring countries to arrive. The goal of this thesis is to explore the “Crown Lodge,” a hotel in Juba, the capital city of South Sudan, as one such site of arrival, return, and staying put. Paying ethnographic attention to site enables us to think through forms of spatial belonging in and around the hotel that attached racial meaning to national origin and regional identity. ii The thesis of Zachary C. P. Mondesire is approved. Jemima Pierre Aomar Boum Hannah C. Appel, Committee Chair University
    [Show full text]
  • RVI Local Peace Processes in Sudan.Pdf
    Rift Valley Institute ﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﺨدود اﻟﻌﻇﻴم Taasisi ya Bonde Kuu ySMU vlˆ yU¬T tí Machadka Dooxada Rift 东非大裂谷研究院 Institut de la Vallée du Rift Local Peace Processes in Sudan A BASELINE STUDY Mark Bradbury John Ryle Michael Medley Kwesi Sansculotte-Greenidge Commissioned by the UK Government Department for International Development “Our sons are deceiving us... … Our soldiers are confusing us” Chief Gaga Riak Machar at Wunlit Dinka-Nuer Reconciliation Conference 1999 “You, translators, take my words... It seems we are deviating from our agenda. What I expected was that the Chiefs of our land, Dinka and Nuer, would sit on one side and address our grievances against the soldiers. I differ from previous speakers… I believe this is not like a traditional war using spears. In my view, our discussion should not concentrate on the chiefs of Dinka and Nuer, but on the soldiers, who are the ones who are responsible for beginning this conflict. “When John Garang and Riek Machar [leaders of rival SPLA factions] began fighting did we understand the reasons for their fighting? When people went to Bilpam [in Ethiopia] to get arms, we thought they would fight against the Government. We were not expecting to fight against ourselves. I would like to ask Commanders Salva Mathok & Salva Kiir & Commander Parjak [Senior SPLA Commanders] if they have concluded the fight against each other. I would ask if they have ended their conflict. Only then would we begin discussions between the chiefs of Dinka and Nuer. “The soldiers are like snakes. When a snake comes to your house day after day, one day he will bite you.
    [Show full text]
  • The Greater Pibor Administrative Area
    35 Real but Fragile: The Greater Pibor Administrative Area By Claudio Todisco Copyright Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva 2015 First published in March 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. Small Arms Survey Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Maison de la Paix, Chemin Eugène-Rigot 2E, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Series editor: Emile LeBrun Copy-edited by Alex Potter ([email protected]) Proofread by Donald Strachan ([email protected]) Cartography by Jillian Luff (www.mapgrafix.com) Typeset in Optima and Palatino by Rick Jones ([email protected]) Printed by nbmedia in Geneva, Switzerland ISBN 978-2-940548-09-5 2 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 35 Contents List of abbreviations and acronyms .................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Introduction and key findings ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Map of South Sudan
    UNITED NATIONS SOUTH SUDAN Geospatial 25°E 30°E 35°E Nyala Ed Renk Damazin Al-Fula Ed Da'ein Kadugli SUDAN Umm Barbit Kaka Paloich Ba 10°N h Junguls r Kodok Āsosa 10°N a Radom l-A Riangnom UPPER NILEBoing rab Abyei Fagwir Malakal Mayom Bentiu Abwong ^! War-Awar Daga Post Malek Kan S Wang ob Wun Rog Fangak at o Gossinga NORTHERN Aweil Kai Kigille Gogrial Nasser Raga BAHR-EL-GHAZAL WARRAP Gumbiel f a r a Waat Leer Z Kuacjok Akop Fathai z e Gambēla Adok r Madeir h UNITY a B Duk Fadiat Deim Zubeir Bisellia Bir Di Akobo WESTERN Wau ETHIOPIA Tonj Atum W JONGLEI BAHR-EL-GHAZAL Wakela h i te LAKES N Kongor CENTRAL Rafili ile Peper Bo River Post Jonglei Pibor Akelo Rumbek mo Akot Yirol Ukwaa O AFRICAN P i Lol b o Bor r Towot REPUBLIC Khogali Pap Boli Malek Mvolo Lowelli Jerbar ^! National capital Obo Tambura Amadi WESTERN Terakeka Administrative capital Li Yubu Lanya EASTERN Town, village EQUATORIAMadreggi o Airport Ezo EQUATORIA 5°N Maridi International boundary ^! Juba Lafon Kapoeta 5°N Undetermined boundary Yambio CENTRAL State (wilayah) boundary EQUATORIA Torit Abyei region Nagishot DEMOCRATIC Roue L. Turkana Main road (L. Rudolf) Railway REPUBLIC OF THE Kajo Yei Opari Lofusa 0 100 200km Keji KENYA o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 50 100mi CONGO o e The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
    [Show full text]