U.S. FOREST SERVICE, SOUTHWESTERN REGION SENSITIVE ANIMALS

Amphibians (11)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Sacramento Aneides hardii G3 S3 NM Lincoln Logging, reduction in ground Very limited distribution, occurs in only 3 mountain Create defensible space by restoring fire to forests Mountains and canopy cover, ranges in NM. Susceptible to fires. NMDGF threatened bordering potential Sacramento Mountains salamander Salamander catastrophic wildfire. species. habitat. Minimize soil disturbance during timber management operations; when possible, harvest when soils are frozen. Lop and scatter after thinning rather than pile burning to conserve soil moisture. Monitor to ascertain whether BMPs and mitigations can maintain populations. Any surveys should be conducted during summer rains between late June and August which is when this species usually emerges and is most active. Jemez Plethodon SOC G2 S2 NM Santa Fe Logging, reduction in ground Very limited distribution. Susceptible to fires. Follow recommendations of 2000 Conservation Mountains neomexicanus and canopy cover, Considered imperiled both globally and within the state Agreement. Salamander catastrophic wildfire. of NM. NMDGF threatened species which is currently proposed for endangered status. Boreal Toad Bufo boreas G4 SH NM Carson Habitat loss, environmental Recently, this species has experienced large declines In NM, the chief threat may be destruction of beaver boreas contaminants, disease (chytrid within it's range in many areas of the Rocky Mountain ponds. Beneficial management actions include: fungus). region. These declines may be related to one or a managing for beavers within boreal toad habitat; combination of factors. Populations have not been protection and restoration of springs, streams and detected in NM since 1986. Reintroduction efforts meadows at higher elevations; and reduction of fire could take place on the Carson NF sometime after threat and avoiding prescribed burns in spring. 2005. NMDGF endangered species.

Arizona Toad Bufo G3/G4 S3S4/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Habitat alteration due to Local declines- decreasing population numbers and The species should benefit from protection and microscaphus Sitgreaves, change in riparian corridor, distribution. The status of the species in NM is mostly restoration of riparian areas. Newly metamorphosed Coconino, non-native predators, improper unknown, although studies (1995) indicated the species individuals can be surveyed during daylight hours. Prescott, livestock grazing in riparian was declining in AZ. The species is vulnerable in AZ Adults are primarily nocturnal except during the Tonto, areas. Hybridization with and imperiled in NM. As mentioned, few studies have breeding season. Gila Woodhouse toad has been occurred; however, there appear to be local declines, thought to be a threat in with decreasing population numbers and distribution. dammed aquatic systems.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 1 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Amphibians (11)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Western Barking Eleutherodactylus G4T3 S1 AZ Coronado, Tonto Habitat loss, climatic Small, isolated populations are vulnerable to human Management needs include: determining the extent of Frog augusti cactorum fluctuations. activities and also to natural extinction due to climatic habitat; monitoring known populations; gathering fluctuation, disease, chance, or other factors. Because information on ecology and life history; and monitoring populations are estimated to be so small, stochastic collection potential at known occurrences. Habitat events threaten their persistence. Considered critically needs should be considered when deciding on access imperiled in AZ and is an AZ Species of Special management in occupied and potential habitat. Concern. Lowland Leopard Rana G4 S4/S1 AZ/NM Apache- Habitat Rapid population declines in Southeast AZ, possibly The greatest relate to addressing habitat alteration and Frog yavapaiensis Sitgreaves, alteration/fragmentation, non- extirpated from NM and Southwest AZ, need additional fragmentation and the introduction of non-native Coconino, native predators. AZ - R. information for NM. AZ - Adequate data is needed to predatory and competitive fishes, crayfishes, and frogs Coronado, yavapaiensis are negatively determine status of Rana yavapaiensis in central AZ, (see Jennings and Hayes 1994, Sredl et al. 1997). Gila, impacted by introduced but populations are thought to be stable (Sredl et al. Habitat alteration is the result of agricultural practices, Prescott, bullfrogs, crayfish, and 1997a). The species is declining in southeast AZ and is livestock grazing, development, and reservoir Tonto predatory fish (Rosen et al. extirpated from southwestern AZ (USDI, FWS 1991; construction (see Jennings and Hayes 1994). 1995, Fernandez and Rosen Sredl et al. 1997b). In NM it is considered critically Damming, draining, and diverting of water have 1996). A chytrid fungus has imperiled and is a NMDGF endangered species. eliminated habitat and fragmented formerly contiguous infected populations of R. aquatic habitats. In many areas, fragmentation has yavapaiensis as well as six been accentuated by introduced predatory fishes, other ranid frogs and two other crayfish, and bullfrogs. R. yavapaiensis has been amphibians causing mass die- replaced by introduced R. berlandieri along the offs and local extirpations Colorado and Gila rivers, Arizona (Clarkson and (Sredl et al. 2000). Habitat Rorabaugh 1989). These factors result in the blockage fragmentation and water of potential dispersal corridors for recolonization. manipulation can lead to local Habitat restoration/preservation, with priorities on extirpation by disrupting the improving habitat connectivity, water quality, and metapopulation dynamics of control of introduced species is important. Captive lowland leopard frogs in arid rearing and translocations programs could be landscapes (Jennings and implemented. Scott 1991). Other prominent factors are water pollution and improper livestock grazing.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 2 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Amphibians (11)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Tarahumara Rana G3 SX AZ Coronado This species has been No Tarahumara frogs, larvae, or eggs have been seen Restoration plans calls for reestablishing the frog in at Frog tarahumarae extirpated from AZ since 1983. in AZ since May 1983 (Hale and May 1983, Hale and least two of its historical localities in AZ (Big Casa Recent translocations have Jarchow 1988, Hale 1992, Sredl et. al, 1997, AZGFD Blanca Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains, Sycamore taken place and need to be unpublished data). Tarahumara frogs were translocated Canyon in the Pajarito Mtns.) (Rorabaugh and monitored to determine into AZ in June 2004 into Big Casa Blanca Canyon, Humphrey 2002). As of late 2002, several hundred population status/stability. Santa Rita EMA on the Coronado. Survival, captive-reared frogs and larvae were available for reproduction, and movements should be studied. eventual release (Rorabaugh and Humphrey 2002). There is a lack of information explaining cause(s) of extirpation, but possible actions could include water quality surveys to monitor acidification and presence of heavy metals, elimination/reduction of introduced species, including predaceous fish (green sunfish and bluegill) and bullfrogs. Efforts should coordinate with existing protection program (AZGFD). Northern Rana pipiens G5 S2/S1/S1 AZ/NM/ Apache- Habitat loss, non-native Rapid population declines in AZ and NM throughout Preserve/restore/develop aquatic habitats that can be Leopard Frog TX Sitgreaves, predators, disease. AZ - Two large range. Many local populations have been lost and occupied by this species. Restrict/control presence of Carson, of the main threats to this it is an AZ Species of Special Concern. The species is introduced fish and bullfrogs in localities occupied by Coconino, species are habitat destruction considered imperiled in AZ and critically imperiled in leopard frogs. FWS Contaminant Hazard Review Kaibab, and pollution. Also they are both NM and TX. (CHR) series mentions this species. Pesticide use may Santa Fe, Tonto collected for biological supply be deleterious if substances enter frog habitat. houses and fishermen use them for bait. Plains Leopard Rana blairi G5 S1/S4/S5/ AZ/NM/ Lincoln, Cibola Habitat alteration and loss, Small number of isolated breeding populations, Where present, exotic species (e.g., fishes, bullfrogs) Frog S5 OK/TX non-native predators. population trends unknown for AZ and NM. The status should be removed or controlled if possible and further of R. blairi had not been assessed in NM, but declines introductions prohibited. Frequent monitoring is had been reported in other parts of its range (Jennings, recommended in areas where exotic species may 1995) with only a few breeding populations known. AZ invade and detrimentally impact frogs. Long-term Species of Special Concern and critically imperiled in monitoring is needed to determine whether reported the state. declines are only temporary. Re-establish breeding populations through translocation of eggs, tadpoles, or young frogs from thriving populations.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 3 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Amphibians (11)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Ramsey Canyon Rana G1 S1 AZ Coronado Threats include natural The Ramsey Canyon leopard frog is limited in Suitable habitat should be surveyed for reintroductions. Leopard Frog subaquavocalis flooding (which could destroy distribution to a few drainages on the eastern slope of Eradication of bullfrogs in potential habitat. or degrade breeding sites), the Huachuca Mountains, where it occurs primarily in Restoration/protection of riparian, riverine, lacustrine, and exotic competitors (e.g., impoundments in oak woodland and grasslands. It is and lowland riparian (i.e., sycamore and cottonwood bullfrog), predators, or apparently extirpated from the type locality (Ramsey trees) habitats. An attempt to eradicate bullfrogs from pathogens. Canyon). Populations appear to be declining and Lower Garden Canyon Pond was unsuccessful. recruitment is low at all known localities, except for Alteration of riparian vegetation by livestock grazing to Miller Canyon. The animals released there in 1999 be an important factor in the decline of ranid frogs in produced at least 28 egg masses in 2000, and the California. Elimination of beavers, which create population appears to be doing well. At two sites, favorable habitat, and diversion of water for irrigation, Tinker Pond and Ramsey Canyon, chytrid fungus has likely contributed to the decline of populations that been found in dead frogs. This fungus has been may have existed in the San Pedro River (about 8 km implicated in the declines of amphibians around the east of Ramsey Canyon). world, (Berger et al. 1998) and may play a role in the decline of R. subaquavocalis. Great Plains Gastrophryne G5 S3/S1/S5/ AZ/NM/ Coronado Stream/river modification, In NM the species is very localized and apparently of Tobosa grass still occurs in patches, such as along Narrow-Mouthed olivacea S5 OK/TX water table drawdown, very low population density. It is considered critically roadsides, or in a few large areas protected from Toad improper livestock grazing, imperiled in NM and is a state endangered species. erosion, but is no longer a significant vegetation road development. This species is considered vulnerable in AZ and recent community due to farming and cattle ranching. studies indicate that the species is declining in the Roadside sloughs with dense grass are often suitable state. breeding sites; preventing grazing within these habitats may retain habitat availability. Meeting management needs while protecting natural drainage channels and swales may sustain habitat (these habitats have been filled in or modified in the past for agriculture and to protect roads from flooding). Surveys of artificial water sources such as irrigation and stock ponds may identify suitable breeding sites.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 4 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Clark's Grebe Aechmophorus G5 S2/S4 AZ/NM Coconino, Tonto Gregarious behavior makes it This species is threatened by habitat degradation from Minimize disturbance and protect breeding locations clarkii highly susceptible to oiling seasonal recreational use of backwaters and coves that include areas of historical breeding and current and mortality in wintering areas. used for breeding. Nests are relatively fragile. The likely recurring breeding. Reliable observations of one Vulnerable to disturbance of species is considered imperiled in AZ and is an AZ or more breeding pairs in appropriate habitat should nesting colonies. Species of Special Concern. At this time it appears that minimally be used to identify important areas for this this species is a transient to all AZ and NM Forests, species. Be cautious about designating breeding areas except the Coconino where breeding is known to occur. based on observations that may represent single breeding events outside the normal breeding distribution. Bald Eagle Haliaeetus SOC G5 S2/S1/S3/ AZ/NM/ ALL The Bald Eagle was delisted Utilize the Bald Eagle Management Guidelines and leucocephalus NR OK/TX on August 8, 2007. comply with the Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Act. Neotropic Phalacrocorax G5 S1N/S4 NM Coronado, Gila Loss or degradation of limited Limited distribution with small numbers in NM. Only 50 Habitat protection and enhancement are needed to Coronadomorant brasilianus breeding sites, disturbance of pairs or fewer have been found in any season in the perpetuate breeding populations, in particular is breeding colonies, fluctuations State. Species is considered critically imperiled in retention/development of stands of trees and shrubs in in food supply, and Arizona and, although thought to be secure in NM, it is or near water. Managing for nesting substrate includes persecution. a NMDGF threatened species. Likely a passage providing for large terrestrial snags through time or migrant to the Coronado NF in AZ and Gila NF in NM. developing artificial structures in areas used by nesting colonies where natural habitat is decreasing. Avoid disturbing the species and habitat. Limiting factors include loss of habitat, pesticides, pollution, and probably food and weather. White-Face-Ibis Plegadis chihi G5 SNRB, AZ/NM/ Cibola (Black Destruction to wetland This species is considered imperiled in NM and is state Vulnerable to habitat alteration: retain/restore woody S2S3/S1B, TX Kettle, Kiowa- habitats, logging-clearcuts, listed as threatened in TX. It is likely a rare passage deciduous species in appropriate habitats; avoid S4N/S4B Rita Blanca) pesticides in riparian zones, migrant on all Forests but the Kiowa-Rita Blanca and fluctuating water levels during nesting season; also limited number of breeding Black Kettle Grasslands of the Cibola. It has been avoid human disturbance during nesting season. Adults locations, vulnerable to recommended for inclusion by Dr. Hart Swartz and will desert nests if disturbed early in incubation; fluctuating water levels. warrants inclusion based on the criteria used. There nestlings can suffer from exposure, predation and are a relatively small number of breeding areas and the accidents if colonies are disturbed. Populations of species is vulnerable to habitat alteration, disturbance white-faced ibis may be affected by trophic during nesting, and pesticide contamination. concentration of pesticide residues. Eggs harmed by pesticides; colonies susceptible to breeding failure in areas of pesticide contamination. Zone-Tailed Buteo albonotatus G4 S4/S3/S3 AZ/NM/ Apache- Loss of riparian nesting habitat This species is listed as threatened by the state of TX Hawk TX Sitgreaves, and pesticide contamination and is considered vulnerable (S3) in NM. It has been Cibola (Kiowa- issues, especially DDT. recommended for inclusion by Dr. Hart Swartz and Rita Blanca), does warrant inclusion based on the criteria used. Lincoln, Tonto Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 5 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Northern Accipiter gentilis G5 S3/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Wildfire, logging - even age Trends are difficult to determine due to various Large, landscape-level ecological units need to be Goshawk Sitgreaves, cutting, loss of prey habitat. methodologies used to track bird populations. Little identified and managed in such a way that all necessary Carson, historical information on goshawk densities exist. FWS habitat attributes, from nesting sites to foraging areas, Cibola, Birds of Conservation Concern National Priority list. are available to support the species at the population Coconino, level (NatureServe). NatureServe describes Coronado, implementation of the USFS RM-217 Goshawk Gila, Guidelines under "Management Requirements." Fire Kaibab, Lincoln, can be beneficial to northern goshawks by perpetuating Prescott, forest seres, which provide habitat for prey. Prescribed Santa Fe, Tonto fire in ponderosa pine and mixed-species forests can perpetuate northern goshawk habitat and reduce fuel loading. Adult birds are rarely killed by fire. Fires in the early spring, before fledging, could result in mortality of juveniles. Northern Gray Asturina nitida G4T4Q S3/SAB, AZ/NM Coronado, Preservation of mesquite In AZ, there were about 55 nesting pairs in the mid Preserve mesquite bosques to prevent extirpation. Hawk maximus S1N Gila, Tonto bosques to prevent extirpation. 1980's. This species is considered vulnerable in AZ Recent scrub invasion in AZ since the early 1900s Threats include loss of nesting and critically imperiled in NM. It is also state listed as along San Pedro has afforded increased habitat. habitat to urbanization and threatened in Texas. Population is apparently stable in Removal of livestock from riparian areas and adjacent conversion for agriculture AZ where the species is considered a vulnerable mesquite habitat has allowed vegetation recovery and a (AZGFD, 1988); (AZGFD, species is an AZ Species of Special Concern. hawk population increase. See Glinski (1988) and 1996) Occasional occurrences in NM, although breeding Lefranc and Glinski (1988) for management population may have been extirpated. FWS Birds of recommendations. Conservation Concern National Priority list. Common Black- Buteogallus G4G5 S3/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Vulnerable to disturbance, According to NatureServe, the U.S. population is Management recommendations include: protecting and Hawk anthracinus Sitgreaves, reduction/contamination of thought to be stable but precarious. The species is enhancing frog and fish populations near nest sites and Coconino, aquatic prey species. listed as threatened in NM and TX and is an AZ favoring regeneration of gallery forest trees by limiting Coronado, Threatened in the U.S. by the Species of Special Concern. It is also on the FWS or eliminating livestock grazing. See Lefranc and Gila, alteration or elimination of Birds of Conservation Concern National Priority list. Glinski (1988) for information on research needs and Prescott, riparian habitat through management recommendations specific to the Tonto clearing, water diversion, Southwest. diking and damming, and lowering of the water table by underground pumping (Schnell et al. 1988, Schnell 1994). At least 95% of the riparian habitat in the southwestern U.S. has been lost, altered, or degraded (Ohmart 1994).

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 6 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Swainson's Buteo swainsoni G5 S3/S4/ AZ/NM/ Cibola (Kiowa- Improper livestock grazing, Population numbers have declined over western U.S. Prescribed fire can enhance habitat and increase prey Hawk SEB, TX/OK Rita Blanca, pesticides in South America, This species is likely a rare transient on all of the base. Burning in grasslands where scattered trees are SNRN/S4B Black Kettle), habitat loss in breeding and Forests, except the Lincoln where it occurs as a rare retained benefits Swainson's hawks, particularly in Lincoln non breeding areas. summer resident. The species also occurs on the areas where nesting sites are limited. Prescribed Kiowa-Rita Blanca and Black Kettle Grasslands on the burning plans should strive for creation of maximum Cibola. interspersion of opening and edge, with high vegetation diversity. Reseeding of perennial grasses and rest from livestock grazing may improve results. Burning should be deferred until nesting is completed in areas where impact to breeding Swainson's hawk may occur. Fires that kill or otherwise alter unoccupied nest trees may disrupt reproduction if acceptable nest trees are scarce. Low-severity fires probably have little direct effect on Swainson's hawks. Management that benefits prairie dogs should also benefit Swainson's hawks. Ferruginous Buteo regalis G4 S2B, AZ/NM/O Cibola (Kiowa- Habitat loss due to agricultural Reports of local declines, continued loss of habitat, Protect large tracts of native prairie. Where possible, Hawk S4N/S2B, K/TX Rita Blanca), development, poisoning of sensitivity to disturbance, and relatively low numbers avoid seeding of exotic grasses and cultivating habitat. S4N/S1B, Coconino prey species, habitat show this species should be carefully watched and Leave scattered islands of shrubby vegetation in crested S4N/S2B, fragmentation. regularly re-evaluated. FWS Birds of Conservation wheatgrass fields so that the islands make up a S4N Concern National Priority list. This species occurs on minimum of 20 percent of the total area. Improve prey the Cibola (Kiowa-Rita Blanca) and is a winter resident habitat by providing native shrub vegetation and on the Coconino. For other Forests, it appears to be a increasing edge. If brush is chained, windrow it to transient or does not occur. provide cover for prey. When converting land from sagebrush steppe to herbaceous grassland, create a mosaic of treated (chained or disked) and untreated areas. To attract small rodents, maintain or restore sagebrush-grass rangeland by removing/reducing invading pinyon pine /Utah juniper stands. Retention of some pinyon pine will benefit rodents. American Falco peregrinus G4T3 S4/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Pesticides/chemicals, wind Widespread distribution; large number of occurrences, Incubating birds are generally silent, unobtrusive, and Peregrine Falcon anatum Sitgreaves, turbines. many in remote wilderness. Had been extirpated in E. easily overlooked. When the nestlings are older or Carson, U.S. and SE Canada due to pesticide poisoning; greatly fledge, adults may boldly react to intruders. Humans Cibola (except reduced numbers over many other portions of its range; should immediately vacate area under such conditions. Black Kettle), numbers currently increasing and recovery objectives Because peregrine falcons require open areas for Coconino, have been met in most areas. NMDGF threatened hunting, fires could be beneficial provided burning led Coronado, Gila, species. Recently delisted by FWS; trends and status to an increase of prey species; early season fires near Kaibab, Lincoln, are still under post listing review. The species is also eyries could disturb young or nesting pairs. Burning Prescott, on the FWS Birds of Conservation Concern National objectives should include creating a mosaic of habitats Santa Fe, Tonto Priority list. and maintenance of abundant prey species. There are no known range-wide threats to the peregrine falcon in Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 7 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations AZ. However, individual eyries are subject to disturbance by recreationists.

White-Tailed Lagopus leucurus G5 S1B,S1N NM Carson, Sensitive to human Northern NM is southern most portion of range. Protection of the limited alpine and tundra habitats Ptarmigan Santa Fe disturbance, improper Species was locally common over many parts of their within the state is essential to preservation of white- livestock grazing. range, but in NM the species has become quite rare tailed ptarmigan in NM. In addition, trapping and since the turn of the century. The species was reported releasing of birds into favorable habitat should help only twice during the five year period 1989-93. NMDGF safeguard against stochastic events. endangered species. Lesser Prairie- Tympanuchus C G3 S2B, NM/OK/T Cibola (Kiowa- The primary threat is habitat FWS candidate species and on the Birds of Mixed-grass communities with a high percentage of Chicken pallidicinctus S2N/S1/ X Rita Blanca, loss, fragmentation and Conservation Concern National Priority list. Overall forbs and scattered low shrubs can be promoted and S2B Black Kettle) degradation, principally due to trend is stable, following huge declines in the 90's; maintained with proper grazing management the conversion of native sand however there have been precipitous declines within (utilization levels should be < 25-35% of annual sagebrush and shinnery oak range in NM and it is considered imperiled in NM and growth) and careful use of herbicides or prescribed fire. rangeland to cropland and OK, and critically imperiled in TX. High-quality nesting habitat has an abundance of ≥ 50 "improved" pastures, improper cm grasses. Careful use of herbicides can reduce shrub livestock grazing, and brush density and increase grass and forb density on control. overgrazed ranges. However, herbicides should not be applied unless perennial grasses are present, to avoid establishing grasses of little value to prairie chickens. Because of their importance as food and cover, retain 30-50% shrub cover distributed in a mosaic of treated and untreated areas. Herbicide treatment to control shinnery oak might adversely impact nesting lesser prairie-chickens. Prescribed burns should increase green forage, native annual forbs, and insect abundance. Burns should be limited to 20-33% of the management unit to preserve residual nesting cover. Buffer zones and other restrictions on activities should be set-up within 3 km of a lek (the usual distance to nests). Artificial leks can be created in extensive blocks of homogeneous habitat where natural leks are absent. Artificial leks should be at least 1.2 km apart and on

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 8 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations slightly elevated ground with short, scattered vegetation. Food plots are not recommended because they are seldom used and do not increase population size.

Gould's Wild Meleagris G5T3 S1/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Habitat loss. Population was extirpated in AZ, although many Grazing by livestock should allow for adequate Turkey gallopavo reintroduction efforts have helped to establish small herbaceous biomass to support invertebrate foods and mexicana populations. Small, relatively stable populations occur cover for young. Thinning and an interspersion of in NM and AZ where it is considered critically imperiled. forest structure benefits turkeys in unnaturally dense NMDGF threatened species. forests. Protection of habitat, enforement to prevent poaching, avoiding excessive disturbance in nesting and roosting habitat, undue competition with livestock, and hybridization with non-native turkeys are essential to preserving this subspecies in the Southwest. Although populations continue to be small, they may be adapted to local conditions, hence augmentation with stock from elsewhere is not recommended. Prescribed fire can be used to stimulate the growth of food plants and promote early-spring green-up of grasses. Fire can also reduce litter, exposing seeds and insects, and reduce brush so that turkeys can spot predators. Fire can be used to create edges to increase nesting habitat and may reduce parasites such as ticks and lice. However, spring fires can destroy nests. Fast- moving fires may kill poults, but once wild turkeys can fly, fires are probably not much of a threat.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 9 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Mountain Plover Charadrius G2 S1B, NM/OK/ Cibola (Kiowa- Plowing during nesting Large population declines in 50-90% of range. Critically Management should maintain short, sparse vegetation montanus S2N/S2B, TX Rita Blanca) season, revegetating disturbed imperiled in NM and imperiled in TX and OK. This through protection of prairie dog towns, grazing by S4N/S2B/ areas, conversion of species is also globally imperiled and on the FWS Birds livestock/buffalo, and/or prescribed burning. Off-road S2 grasslands to agriculture. of Conservation Concern National Priority list. vehicle access should be restricted between 1 April and 1 August in plover habitat. Areas of potential plover habitat should not be converted to agriculture nor have "range improvements" that increase forage for livestock (particularly planting exotic grasses). Efforts should be made to reduce the likelihood of invasion by non-native species such as, but not restricted to, cheatgrass, leafy spurge, and knapweed. Plovers are highly attracted to recent burns. Researchers use burning to attract birds for capture. Common Ground Columbina G5 S4/S1 AZ/NM Cibola, Loss of native shrubland and Rare, no current documentation of nesting within NM. Conservation of existing habitat and restoration of Dove passerina Gila riparian areas. Survey-wide BBS trends show a significant decline of - degraded habitat are a priority for this species, 1.8% per year from 1966-1999. More recent increases including riparian zones where development, water occurred in Texas (4.8%). Non-significant declines management activities, grazing, and agricultural during the same period occurred in AZ. Critically practices have had significant impacts. Developing imperiled in NM and a NMDGF endangered species. alternatives to minimize disturbance and improve NM Forests only. habitat in citrus orchards and other agricultural operations may be a management option. It has been suggested that expansion of this species in southern CA may have been due in part to a conversion from furrow to drip irrigation systems in lemon and avocado groves, thereby reducing ground disturbance. Efforts to minimize disturbance to nesting birds in orchards may lead to population increases. Hunter education may help to better identify common ground-doves from mourning doves. Clearing patches of thornscrub may help, but extensive habitat manipulation is likely to reduce nesting success.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 10 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Western Yellow Coccyzus C, west of G5T3 S3/S3/S5/S AZ/NM/ Apache- Decrease in distribution and BBB trends indicate population declines of 1.6% per Protection/restoration of riparian gallery forests and Billed Cuckoo americanus Rio 4 TX/OK Sitgreaves, population can be attributed year in N. America. Riparian habitat has declined up to deciduous woody shrubs is important for providing occidentalis Grande Carson, Cibola primarily to habitat loss, 90% in AZ and NM thus negatively effecting this habitat for recovery of populations. corridor (except Black modification, and species. Overall declining in western U.S. FWS Protection/restoration of riparian habitat, especially Kettle), fragmentation; decreases in candidate species for federal listing and on the Birds of where past vegetation clearing, stream diversion, water Coconino, water tables; and possibly the Conservation Concern National Priority list. management, agriculture, urbanization, overgrazing, Coronado, Gila, use of pesticides. Primary and recreation has reduce habitat and habitat Prescott, Santa cause for decline is extensive effectiveness. Controlling invasive plant species and re- Fe, Tonto loss of riparian forest habitat establishing native species would improve habitat and throughout the west due to potentially provide better invertebrate forage (primarily urban and agricultural caterpillars). development, livestock grazing, and water impoundments. Cactus Glaucidium Recently G3 S1 AZ/TX Coronado Loss of habitat, human Recently taken off the federal list of species by the FWS Ferruginous brasilianum removed encroachment. due to a Distinct Population Segment issue. Species is Pygmy Owl cactorum from state listed as threatened in TX and is a species of federal special concern in AZ. list. Whiskered Otus trichopsis G5 S5/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Habitat loss or alteration. Populations secure in Mexico and Central America In New Mexico, the protection of habitat is the prime Screech Owl where human activities are limited. Detected in NM in consideration in conserving the whiskered screech-owl early 90's. Small populations occur in Peloncillo and -- particularly areas of pine-oak and oak woodlands in Animas Mountains. NM and AZ are northern most part the Peloncillo and probably the Animas Mtns.. in of range. NMDGF threatened species and considered Hidalgo County. Such protection should focus critically imperiled in NM. FWS Birds of Conservation especially on preventing activities that might reduce the Concern National Priority list. habitat suitability for this owl, such as the removal of trees and associated vegetation. In addition, the owl should be spared excessive exposure to playbacks of its vocalizations by birders, etc., as such could disturb the birds to the extent of reducing the survival ability of given populations Burrowing Owl Athene G4T4 S3/S3/S2 AZ/NM/ Apache- Habitat alteration/ Widespread distribution in N. America; relatively A negative response is expected where shrubsteppe (Western) cunicularia TX Sitgreaves, fragmentation, loss of edge common in appropriate habitat in some areas, but habitats, used for breeding in the Intermountain West, hypugaea Carson, Cibola habitat. habitat alteration and other factors are causing are grazed. Poisoning and nest site loss results from (Kiowa-Rita population declines in many areas. Considered human efforts to control squirrels and prairie dogs. Blanca, Black vulnerable in AZ and NM, and imperiled in TX. FWS When caught outside their burrows during fire, adult Kettle), Birds of Conservation Concern National Priority list. burrowing owls probably escape fire easily; some Coconino, Gila, young that cannot yet fly may be injured or killed. Kaibab, Lincoln,

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 11 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Santa Fe

Boreal Owl Aegolius funereus G5 S1 NM Carson, Santa Logging, habitat alteration. Widespread range, apparently large numbers and In New Mexico, the protection of habitat is the prime Fe occurrences seem to make this species secure locally; consideration in conserving the boreal owl in the state - however, information may be lacking about the species - especially areas of spruce-fir forest and associated in NM. Southwestern most distribution is in NM. habitats in the San Juan, Sangre de Cristo, and possibly NMDGF threatened species and critically imperiled in the Jemez Mtns. Such protection should include setting NM. aside areas wherever these owls have been found, with a particular emphasis on retaining forest habitat in its natural state. Buff-Collared Caprimulgus G5 S2S3/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Improper livestock grazing, In general, it appeared that the buff-collared nightjar Continue to search for this species in the state, and to Nightjar ridgwayi human disturbance. was expanding as a summer resident in the U.S., work with public and private land managers to protect centering on SE AZ. However, its progress has been and enhance Guadalupe Canyon and similar habitats slow, and the northern area of occupancy may prove to for this species. be temporary or one of irregular occurrence at best. The species was last reported in NM in 1985 at two locations; they were not found on regular surveys in Guadalupe Canyon during the period 1987-95. Considered critically imperiled in NM and is a NMDGF endangered species. Broad Billed Cynanthus G4 S3/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Loss of riparian woodlands, Common in southern NM, small localized populations in Monitor the status of the breeding population in Hummingbird latirostris predation upon nests. AZ and NM. NMDGF threatened species and Guadalupe Canyon, to search for additional populations considered critically imperiled in the state. Considered elsewhere, and to encourage public and private land vulnerable in the state of AZ. FWS Birds of managers to protect riparian woodlands favored by this Conservation Concern National Priority list. species White Eared Hylocharis G5 S1S2/S1 AZ/NM Cibola, Gila, Improper livestock grazing, No declines have been reported in the larger portion of Hummingbird leucotis Coronado logging, road construction. their range; however, the species is considered critically imperiled in both AZ and NM and there are only small populations in both states. It is likely that habitat destruction has reduced overall numbers. AZ Species of Special Concern and state listed as threatened in NM. Likely a very rare migrant on any FS lands.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 12 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Violet-Crowned Amazilia violiceps G5 S3/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Urban development, loss of Limited distribution in AZ and NM. Critically imperiled in Hummingbird riparian habitat, improper NM and is state listed as threatened. Considered livestock grazing. vulnerable in AZ and is a Species of Special Concern. Listed as threatened in Mexico. Lucifer Calothorax lucifer G4G5 S2/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Habitat loss. Limited distribution in AZ and NM. Critically imperiled in Hummingbird NM and is listed as a NMDGF threatened species. Considered imperiled (S2) in AZ. FWS Birds of Conservation Concern National Priority list. Costa's Calypte costae G5 S5/S1 AZ/NM Gila Loss of native xeric hillside Limited distribution in NM. In 1993, up to seven Hummingbird vegetation and adjacent individuals occupied Guadalupe Canyon from late riparian habitat in Southwest March to mid-June, and breeding was suspected and NM. the species staged an impressive invasion in 1995, with reports from four locales, including two males east to the San Andres Mountains (BISON-M, 2005). Critically imperiled in NM and state listed as threatened. For this list, the species is being included for the Gila only, as it is considered secure in AZ and globally.

Eared Quetzal Euptilotis G3 S1N/S4 AZ Coronado Loss of nesting trees from Relatively small geographic range, low and local neoxenus increased logging pressure, abundance within range, combination of threats which destruction of habitat from may increase in the future, and lack of many protected agricultural encroachment, and occurrences. increased human disturbance. Gila Woodpecker Melanerpes G5 S5/S2 AZ/NM Gila Habitat loss and Results from BBS indicate a non-significant decline in uropygialis degradation/fragmentation. AZ. Not enough monitoring in NM to determine populations trends. Is considered imperiled (S2) in NM and is listed as a NMDGF threatened species. For this list, the species is being included for the Gila only, as it is considered secure in AZ and globally. Northern Camptostoma G5 S3/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Species is most vulnerable to Very small and localized populations in the Southwest. Beardless- imberbe the loss of habitat, including Considered critically imperiled in NM and listed as a Tyrannulet the clearing or other state endangered species. Included on the FWS Birds destruction of dense mesquite of Conservation Concern National Priority list. and associated growth (Vegetation clearing, burning and improper livestock grazing).

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 13 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Northern Buff- Empidonax G5T5 S1/SHB AZ/NM Coronado Causes of the declines are not The species declined sharply after about 1920 and is Breasted fulvifrons known, but probably are now limited primarily to the Huachuca Mountains. Flycatcher pygmaeus related to changes in forest Range and numbers area thought to be declining in AZ. stand densities and control of Species is considered critically imperiled in AZ and is a forest fires. Loss of habitat. Species of Special Concern. Species is on the FWS Birds of Conservation Concern National Priority list. Thick-Billed Tyrannus G5 S2/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Logging, improper livestock Limited occurrence in NM. AZ and NM are northern Kingbird crassirostris grazing, water diversion. most part of range. Population trends of this species are unknown. A rare bird that was first discovered in the U.S. in 1958, the range of this Mexican species has expanded northward since the middle of the 20th century. Critically imperiled in NM and a NMDGF endangered species. In AZ it is considered imperiled and is a Species of Special Concern. Loggerhead Lanius G4 S4/S3/S4 AZ/NM/ Cibola ( Black Fire exclusion, pesticides, loss This species has been declining in N. America since the Shrike ludovicianus OK Kettle, Kiowa- of wintering habitat/quality. 60's. Decline has been recorded in all regions of the Rita Blanca) Dependency on edge habitat country, even those areas with great amounts of which increases predation habitat. Is considered moderately threatened pressure. throughout its range. FWS Birds of Conservation Concern National Priority List. It is a Special Concern Species in OK. In NM it is considered vulnerable and is known to occur on the Cibola, including the Black Kettle and KBR. NM Forests only, considered secure (S4) in AZ. Arizona Bell's Vireo bellii G5T4 S4/S2 AZ/NM Cibola (Black Improper livestock grazing, BBS data indicate significant survey wide declines Vireo arizonae Kettle only), pesticides, habitat averaging 3.2% per year. The species is very limited in Gila, Lincoln fragmentation, loss of riparian its distribution and is declining across its range. It is habitat. negatively impacted by riparian habitat loss from agricultural, water, road and urban development. Considered imperiled in NM and is a NMDGF threatened species. FWS Birds of Conservation Concern National Priority list. Sensitive for NM Forests only as it is considered secure globally and apparently secure (S4) in AZ.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 14 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Gray Vireo Vireo vicinior G4 S4/S3 AZ/NM Carson, Santa Even aged forest mgmt, Population declines in northern AZ and northwestern Fe, Cibola, Gila, habitat fragmentation, NM. Apparently secure (S4) in NM; however it is a Lincoln improper livestock grazing, NMDGF threatened species. It is also on the FWS Birds cowbird parasitism. Changes of Conservation Concern National Priority list. This in fire regime that bring about species is likely a rare transient to the Forests within an increase in fire extent or NM. In AZ, the Kaibab is within breeding range; frequency may be detrimental. however the species is considered apparently secure in the state (S4); therefore no AZ Forests are included. Gray Catbird Dumetella G5 S1/S4/S4B/ AZ/NM/ Apache- Elk and improper livestock Population trends are unknown for AZ. For their entire carolinensis S4B OK/TX Sitgreaves grazing in riparian habitats. range BBS data from 1991-1996 indicate that populations are declining in the SE and over the NE portion of the periphery of their range. Populations are relatively stable over remainder of breeding range. AZ is southern most portion of range. Considered critically imperiled in AZ and a Species of Special Concern. Apparently secure in NM, OK, and TX (S4), only included for AZ Forests where the species is likely to occur. Rose-Throated Pachyramphus G4G5 S1,SR AZ Coronado Improper livestock grazing, de- Extirpated in the lower Rio Grande valley coincident Becarsond aglaiae watering wetland habitats, with plant community changing. Decline of large trees habitat fragmentation, attributed to long term lack of flooding. Breeding disturbance by birdwatchers, populations have fluctuated in the past in AZ. Very local urban development. breeding species on northern periphery of range in U.S. There are no trend info. or pop. estimates for AZ; however, total observed nesting pairs currently range from 2-7 annually in two locales; occurrences have been extirpated from other local areas. Abert's Towhee Pipilo aberti G3G4 S3/S1 AZ/NM Apache- Improper livestock grazing, Small geographic range and extensive loss and Sitgreaves, loss of riparian habitat, modification of native riparian habitat indicate high rank. Coconino, parasitism by cowbirds. In the Gila Valley, recent counts amounted to about Coronado, 20% of counts from 15 to 25 years ago, furthermore, Prescott, Tonto, incidental observations in recent years also suggested Gila, Cibola that numbers were reduced from 15-25 years ago. The species is critically imperiled in NM and is a NMDGF threatened species. The species is a rare permanent resident that breeds in the Gila NF, and is a common transient (spring and fall) on the Cibola (BISON-M).

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 15 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Birds (41)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Arizona Ammodramus G5TU S2/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Loss and degradation of native BBS data indicate a significant pop. decline (4.4% per Grasshopper savannarum grassland habitat. year) in N. Amer. between 1966 and 1989 and 4.5% in Sparrow ammolegus western U.S. It is considered imperiled in AZ and is an AZ Species of Special Concern. In NM it is considered critically imperiled and is a NMDGF threatened species. Baird's Sparrow Ammodramus G4 S2N/S2N/S AZ/NM/ Apache- Improper livestock grazing, Restricted range, spotty distribution, recent rapid and They respond to management: 2-3 years after fire bairdii 2B TX Sitgreaves, conversion of grasslands to long-term pop. and range declines, few protected Baird's sparrows are usually more abundant. Baird's Cibola (Kiowa- agriculture, parasitism by occurrences, and habitat selectivity are cause for sparrows do not like thick accumulations of litter. Rita Blanca, cowbirds. concern. Species is considered imperiled in NM and is Occasional burning is suggested to maintain dense Black Kettle), a NMDGF threatened species. It is also considered graminoid vegetation and reduce the number of shrubs, Coronado, imperiled in AZ and is a AZ Species of Special but not so often that the litter never accumulates. Lincoln Concern. Furthermore, the species occurs on the FWS Moderate mowing is beneficial in wetter areas, but in Birds of Conservation Concern National Priority list. arid habitat, mowing may be detrimental. Baird's sparrows have responded negatively to improper grazing practices in grasslands of the southwest and Mexico. Even moderate or lightly grazed pastures have fewer birds than undisturbed habitats and grazing could be detrimental in the more arid areas. Conserving and restoring larger patches of southwest grasslands should improve fitness and survival of migrant Baird's sparrows. Quantitative data on habitat requirements is needed, including the relationship between patch size and numbers of Baird’s sparrows. Varied Bunting Passerina G5 S3/S1/S4 AZ/NM/T Coronado, Reduction in dense shrubby Small population occurs in NM (2-5 territories). versicolor X Lincoln habitat. Perhaps locally common in AZ; however is considered vulnerable in the state (S3). The species is considered critically imperiled (S1) in NM and is a NMDGF threatened species.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 16 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Clams (3)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations California Floater Anodonta AZ Apache- Deterioration of stream habitat Declining populations and distribution range-wide. This Inventory is needed, particularly in drainages in the californiensis Sitgreaves, quality through improper is a freshwater clam that lives in shallow areas of Great Basin, as is continued monitoring of known Coconino livestock grazing, irrigation unpolluted perennial waters which is dependent on host populations. Also identification of potential for diversions, urbanization, and fish during its larval stage. AZ has noted that possible restoration of original habitat. As the species is closely sedimentation. Loss of native declines may be linked with reduced populations of associated with species of fish, once the host or hosts fishes that were hosts for native fish that serve as larval are known, a total fish-molluscan management plan glochidia. Non-native species hosts. should be developed to avoid developing a habitat to predation. improve one native species at the expense of another. Lilljeborg's Pea- Disidium lilljeborg G5 S1 NM Santa Fe The restricted population of The population of these clams is low at known Maintain watershed health. Prevent water Clam this unique pea-clam is locations; therefore, alteration (e.g., by pollution) could contamination. vulnerable to contaminants, reduce habitat suitability and threaten the species. The sedimentation, and stochastic species has a very localized distribution and is found on natural events (fire, drought). the SF. Critically imperiled in NM, and a NMDGF Potential biological threats are threatened species. posed by introduction and establishment of the zebra mussel in Nambe Lake from fish stocking practices and/or accidental bait bucket introduction. Sangre De Cristo Disidium G1Q S1 NM Carson Mining, fire mgmt, dewatering. Some questions currently on taxonomy; however, only Maintain watershed health. Prevent water Pea-Clam sanguinichristi known to occur on Carson. Critically imperiled globally contamination. Taxonomic status uncertain, needs as well as within NM and a NMDGF threatened species. further study.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 17 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Crustaceans (2)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Clam Shrimp Eulimnadia G2 S1 NM Cibola Ephemeral wetland loss from Only known occurrence of this species is in the Zuni Protect ephemeral wetlands from agricultural follisimillis agricultural practices, improper Mountains on the Cibola NF. The species is imperiled development, overgrazing, contaminants, highway grazing, point and nonpoint globally and is considered critically imperiled in NM. development, mosquito abatement projects, and other discharge, highway disturbances that will affect the structural integrity of improvement, mosquito the wetland or its water quality. abatement. Fairy Shrimp Streptocephalus G1 S1/S1 AZ/NM Cibola, Lincoln Ephemeral wetland loss from Narrow endemic found in Blue Lake, Cibola NF in Zuni Protect ephemeral wetlands from agricultural (New Species) n. sp.1 agricultural practices, improper Mtns and on the Smokey Bear Ranger District, Lincoln development, overgrazing, contaminants, highway grazing, point and nonpoint NF. The species is considered critically imperiled both development, mosquito abatement projects, and other discharge, highway globally and within NM. disturbances that will affect the structural integrity of improvement, mosquito the wetland or its water quality. abatement.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 18 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Fish (16)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Bluehead Sucker Catostomus S3/S2 AZ/NM Carson, Apache- Streamflow and thermal Status of vulnerable (S3) in AZ and imperiled (S2) in discobolus Sitgreaves, alteration. Non-native NM. Although often common in the northern part of its discobolus Coconino competition and predation. range, the species has experienced a decline in Contaminants, sedimentation, abundance and distribution throughout the lower habitat alteration. Colorado River basin. Desert Sucker Catostomus clarki G3 S3/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Flow and thermal alteration. The desert sucker is listed as "species of concern" Sitgreaves, Non-native competition and throughout its range as well as by the State of NM. Coconino, predation. Dewatering, habitat NatureServe and The Nature Conservancy describe the Coronado, Gila, alteration. status of the species as declining throughout its range. Prescott, Tonto Additionally, the species conservation status is considered imperiled in NM and vulnerable in AZ. Flannelmouth Catostomus G3 S2/S1 AZ/NM Carson could Flow and thermal alteration, Federal species of concern for FWS in NM. Its global Sucker latipinnis have indirect non-native competition and conservation status is considered vulnerable to local effects. Likely predation, contaminants, extirpation and extinction (G3). The species is in not on Forest. sedimentation, habitat decline rangewide. It is listed by NatureServe as alteration. imperiled (S2) in AZ and critically imperiled (S1) in NM. Greenthroat Etheostoma G3 S2 NM Lincoln could Depleted surface flows, altered NM listed as threatened and considered imperiled in Darter lepidum have indirect stream morphology, pollution. NM. effects. Likely not on Forest. Headwater Ictalarus lupus C G3 S1 NM Lincoln Competition and/or Critically imperiled (S1) in NM. Also has a status Catfish hybridization with channel designation by the American Fisheries Society of catfish in the greatly disturbed "species of concern". There is a lack of status streams of NM has eliminated information on this species. headwater catfish from most of original range (Sublette et al. 1990). Headwater Chub Gila nigra C UNK UNK AZ/NM Coconino, Gila, non-native predation and Information on this newly described species is lacking. Tonto competition. Habitat Status is similar to that of the Gila chub and the destruction and degradation, roundtail chub from which the species was separated dewatering and diversions. and described. Species has declined significantly in Improper livestock grazing, abundance in many areas, due to habitat alteration and channelization, sedimentation exotic species. NMDGF Endangered species. caused by roads and concentrated recreation. Disease, population fragmentation, isolation.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 19 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Fish (16)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Little Colorado Catostomus sp.3 G2 S2 AZ Coconino, Habitat degradation, predation. Listed as a "wildlife of concern" in AZ. The global Sucker Apache- status of the species is imperiled, while also considered Sitgreaves imperiled in AZ, the only state in which it occurs. (indirect effects as likely not on Forest Service lands {Apache- Sitgreaves only}). Longfin Dace Agosia G4 S3/SNA AZ/NM Apache- Non-native predation and Status of species in AZ considered vulnerable. chrysogaster Sitgreaves, competition. Habitat Populations appear to be fluctuating up or down in Coconino, destruction and degradation. some areas while stable in others. Species listed as Coronado, Gila, Dewatering and diversions. threatened in NM. Threats are widespread and Prescott, Tonto Improper livestock grazing, ongoing. channelization, sedimentation, disease, population fragmentation and isolation. Mexican Campostoma G3 S1 AZ Coronado Habitat loss, non-native Global conservation status of vulnerable. Considered Stontoeroller ornatum predation, dewatering, critically imperiled in AZ. American Fisheries Society sedimentation. species of "special concern". Endangered in Mexico. Rio Grande Gila pandora G3 S3 NM Carson, Cibola, Threats are stream dewatering Vulnerable throughout its range. Range has been Chub Lincoln, Santa and habitat modification due to reduced in the Rio Grande and Pecos River basins and Fe channelization. now restricted to headwaters and small rivers where cover, undercut banks, and aquatic vegetation is susceptible to change. Species is listed as a sensitive species in R2 FS and by NMDGF. Has been recommended for inclusion by species experts.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 20 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Fish (16)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Rio Grande Oncorhynchus G4T3 S2 NM Carson, Gila, Habitat degraded by improper Imperiled in NM (S2). American Fisheries Society Cutthroat Trout clarki virginalis Lincoln, Santa livestock grazing and timber considers the subspecies of special concern. Range of Fe harvest; hybridization and the subspecies if very restricted and believed to be as competition with various little as 5-7 % of the historical range. According to introduced salmonids; BISON M, the species is located on the Lincoln NF. dewatering caused by irrigation diversion; poor winter habitat, stream intermittency, and deteriorating water quality resulting from drought; susceptible to habitat loss/degradation resulting from wildfires; highly vulnerable to replacement by non-native trout; more vulnerable to angling than are coexisting trout; habitat is fragmented, and most populations are isolated in headwater habitats, and gene flow among populations is virtually nonexistent. Rio Grande Catostomus G3 SNA,S2 NM Cibola, Carson, Hybridization with the Rangewide, the species is considered vulnerable (G3). Sucker plebeius Gila, Santa Fe introduced white sucker is the In NM the species is considered imperiled (S2), and in primary reason for decline in CO critically imperiled (S1). Although populations are northern NM and southern CO; thought to be stable in the southern portion of their elsewhere, habitat range, they appear to be decreasing in the north. modifications (elevated Current distribution information is lacking. sediments and stream dewatering) have contributed to declines; some populations may have been extirpated by the introduction of predaceous northern pike. Roundtail Chub Gila robusta G3 S2/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Aquifer pumping; stream Declining significantly in abundance in many areas. Sitgreaves, diversion; reduction in stream Considered imperiled (S2) in both NM and AZ. Has Coconino, flows; predation by and likely been extirpated from the Zuni and San Francisco Carson, Gila, competition with non-native River drainages in NM. NMDGF endangered species. Tonto, Prescott fishes.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 21 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Fish (16)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Sonora Sucker Catostomus G3 S3/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Threatened by water diversion, Vulnerable in AZ and imperiled in NM. A decline in insignis Sitgreaves, altered hydrology, and abundance is apparent for the southern part of its range Coconino, competition/predation from with increasing threats from water diversion, altered Coronado, Gila, non-native fishes. hydrology, and competition/hybridization from/with non- Tonto, Prescott native species. Suckermouth Phenacobius G5 S2 NM Cibola (Kiowa- Altered flow regimes, Although this species is widespread and secure Minnow mirabilis Rita Blanca) dewatering of riverine habitats. throughout much of its range (G5), it is imperiled (S2) in NM through the western and southeastern portions. NMDGF threatened species. Zuni Bluehead Catostomus C G4T1 S1/S1 AZ/NM Cibola Habitat loss, non-native Species of special concern in AZ, and the American Sucker discobolus predation, dewatering, Fisheries Society considers them a species of concern. yarrowi sedimentation. The historical range of the species is very limited to the Zuni River drainage. NMDGF endangered species.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 22 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Insects (21)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Sabino Canyon Argia sabomp G1 S1 AZ Coronado Use of fish toxicants to remove Narrow endemic; know only in US from Santa Catalina Remove non-natives, survey before applying fish Damselfly non-native fish, mosquito Mountains. Population size appears to be decreasing toxicants, limit water withdrawals, maintain habitat. abatement, exotic crayfish, as the range has constricted in the last 35 years. non-native fish, stream drying, Considered critically imperiled globally and within AZ. flash floods, channelization. Bleached Libellula G3 SNR/SNR/ AZ/NM/T Cibola Improper livestock grazing, Limited distribution, known only from 14 counties. Protect habitat from overgrazing, remove exotic Skimmer composita SNR X possibly predation from fish or Exemplary site protected; most sites probably on species, protect water quality and quantity. Dragonfly competition with other private land; however may occur on the Cibola. This dragonflies. species is one of the rarest dragonflies in the west and is considered vulnerable globally. Dashed Ringtail Erpetogomphus G3 SNR NM Gila Timber harvest, improper Limited distribution to streams in Catron and Grant Provide buffers for timber harvest, protect streams heterodon livestock grazing, and fires that Counties on Gila. from overgrazing, maintain water quality and destabilize streamflow. quantity. Arizona Ophiogomphus G3 S1 AZ Coronado Timber harvest, improper Limited distribution. Currently population trends are Provide buffers for timber harvest, protect streams Snaketail arizonicus livestock grazing, and fires that unknown; however the species is considered critically from overgrazing, maintain water quality and destabilize streamflow. imperiled in AZ and is vulnerable globally. quantity. A May Fly Lachiania G1 S1 NM Gila Stream degradation, Narrow endemic - has been found near East fork and Provide buffers for timber harvest, protect streams dencyannae sedimentation, increased mainstem Gila. The species is considered critically from overgrazing, maintain water quality and water temperature. imperiled globally and within NM. quantity. A Mayfly Homoleptohyphes G2 SNR AZ Coconino Stream degradation, Narrow endemic. Only known from two counties in AZ. Maintain healthy riparian corridors. quercus sedimentation, increased Originally located Oak Creek, Pine Flat Campground. water temperature. Pinaleno Monkey Eumorsea G1G3 S1S3 AZ Coronado Logging, improper livestock Endemic, very little know about the species. It is the Prevent overgrazing, uncontrolled wildfires. Grasshopper pinaleno grazing, fire. most geographically restricted and rarest of all eumastacid genera in North America (HDMS). Wingless nature of species greatly impedes its dispersal from current known locations. Considered critically imperiled globally and in AZ. Bonita Diving Deroneotes G2 SNR/S1 NM/TX Lincoln Degradation of habitat - water Narrow endemic. Population trends unknown, but Maintain water quality and quantity. Beetle neomexicanus quality and quantity. species is considered critically imperiled globally. Former FWS Category 2 Candidate Species. Chiricahua Cymbiodyta G2 S2 AZ Coronado Aquatic habitat degradation, Limited distribution, considered imperiled globally and Maintain water quality and quantity. Water arizonica loss of water. within the state of AZ. Scavenger Beetle

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 23 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Insects (21)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Parker's Cylloepus parkeri G1 S1 AZ Tonto Requires water with high Narrow endemic found only in Bloody Basin area. Maintain healthy riparian habitat, water quality and Cylloepus Riffle oxygen content, high Considered critically imperiled both globally and within water quantity. Beetle sensitivity to pollution. the state of AZ. Improper livestock grazing, mining, stream bed alteration. Stephan's Heterelmis C G2 S2 AZ Coronado Requires water with high Narrow endemic. FWS candidate species for federal Maintain water quality and quantity. Protect water Heterelmis Riffle stephani oxygen content, high listing. Considered imperiled globally as well as in AZ. from pollution and nutrient inputs. Beetle sensitivity to pollution. Spring alteration from boxing, capping, piping, recreational impacts, improper livestock grazing, mining, or stream bed alterations. Ferris' Copper Lycaena ferrisi G1 S1S2 AZ Apache- Climate change, fire Limited distribution, found in White Mountains of AZ. Consider prescribed fire or thinning to maintain Sitgreaves suppression, larval host plant Critically imperiled globally and within AZ. Possibly only open montane meadows. Avoid overgrazing of is Rumex hymenosepalus. one metapopulation, very probable there are less than montane meadows. 20. Huachuca Giant Agathymus G2 SNR AZ Coronado Habitat alteration, small Limited distribution, in AZ only known the Huachuca Preserve stands of its food plant, Agave parryi Skipper evansi population. Species is Mountains and vicinity. There are probably fewer than var. huachucensis. associated with agave plants, 20 metapopulations of this species and almost certainly typically found between 5,600 fewer than 100. Some populations do occur in Mexico. and 5,800 feet. Larval host is Species is considered imperiled globally. Agave parryi. Cestus Skipper Atrytonopsis G3G4 SNR AZ Coronado All populations and their Very rare species with a few locations in the Protect habitat. Conduct surveys before engaging cestus habitat should be protected. Boboquivari mountains and adjacent foothills. Also the in project that would alter thorn scrub grasslands. Atascosa, Tumacacori, Santa Catalina, and Galiuro Mountains. Very limited range in southern AZ and species should not be assumed to be secure. Four Spotted Piruna polingii G3 SNR/SNR AZ/NM Coconino, Possible current absences Limited distribution in Huachuca and Chiricahua Long term: the population needs to be located, Skipperlincolng Coronado, from some seemly suitable Mountains and Mogollon Rim areas of AZ. Probably monitored and their habitat, food plant and Kaibab areas may reflect past more colonies in southeast AZ than elsewhere (Opler, conservation needs assessed. Short term: it disturbances; however, more 1999). would be advisable to conduct surveys in riparian research is needed. areas or moist woodlands that are going to be disturbed. Polincolng's Fixsenia polingi G2T1 SNR/S? NM/TX Lincoln Improper livestock grazing, Very restricted range in NM. Rounded global status Maintain oak woodlands. Hairstreak possibly exotic weeds and fire. (T1) indicates critical imperilment. Maintenance of oaks is important.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 24 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Insects (21)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Nokomis Fritillary Speyeria nokomis G3T1 SNR/S1 AZ/NM Coconino, Herbicide, improper livestock Narrow endemic. Limited range with few remaining Protect marshes, wet meadows, and areas where nokomis Carson grazing, hydrologic changes. sites and significant threats to habitat. Rounded global host plant is present. Potentially overcollecting. status (T1) is critically imperiled. Also considered critically imperiled in NM. Nitocris Fritillary Speyeria nokomis G3T3 SNR/SNR AZ/NM Coconino, Herbicide, improper livestock Narrow endemic that is considered vulnerable globally. Protect marshes, wet meadows, and areas where nitocris Cibola, Gila grazing, hydrologic changes. Limited range with few remaining sites and significant host plant is present. Potentially overcollecting. threats to habitat. Found only in alpine meadows. Sacramento Euphydryas G5T1NX SNR NM Lincoln Improper livestock grazing, Narrow endemic found only on and near the Lincoln. Protect meadows and host plants for larvae and Mountains anicia cloudcrofti feral horses, recreation Previously proposed for federal listing as endangered adults. Restore meadows that have been lost to Checkerspot activities associated with Off by the FWS. conifer encroachment. Restore natural fire cycle. Butterfly Road Vehicles, camping, and wildfire. Moth (Notodontid Euhyparpax rosea G1 SNR NM Gila Fire, invasive plants Narrow endemic, known only from location near Silver Moth) City in NM. Species has been found from only one or two locations. Considered critically imperiled globally. Netwing Midge Agathon G1 SNR AZ Tonto Events that effect water flow or Very limited distribution. Considered critically imperiled Protect water quantity and quality. arizonicus water quality. globally.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 25 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Arizona Shrew Sorex arizonae G3N2N3 S2/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Requires considerable log & NMDGF listed species. AZGFD Wildlife of Special dense vegetation cover; Concern. Population acutely restricted and declining; generally found near experiencing riparian habitat degradation; grazing and springs/water sources. recreation altering necessary dense cover. Cinereus Sorex cinereus GN5 S2 NM Carson, Santa Highly restricted distribution in Highly associated with wet meadow/marsh habitats (Masked) Shrew cinereus Fe Southwest. experiencing negative impacts; high forest zone species subject to habitat loss via climate change & other human-mediated causes; potential for competitive replacement by other shrew species, data deficient. Considered imperiled in NM. Merriam's Shrew Sorex merriami G5 S3,S2 AZ/NM Apache- Resident of montane Restricted distribution; subject to habitat loss via climate leucogenys Sitgreaves, coniferous forests; primarily an change & other human-mediated causes. Nowhere Cibola, arid-adapted shrew. abundant; at known sites, several hundred trap-nights Coconino, Gila, are needed to capture one animal (Verts and Carraway Kaibab 1998). The species is considered imperiled in NM and vulnerable in AZ and is threatened at the localized population level. Dwarf Shrew Sorex nanus G4 S1S2/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Highly restricted, relict Extremely restricted, relict distribution; alpine/subalpine Sitgreaves, distribution in Southwest. zone species subject to habitat loss via climate change Carson, Cibola, & other human-mediated causes; reproductively Coconino, Gila, isolated. The species is experiencing declining Kaibab, Lincoln, abundance and distribution in NM (S2), and in AZ it is Santa Fe considered critically imperiled (S1). New Mexico Sorex G2N2N3 S2 NM Cibola, Lincoln Endemic, highly restricted, Endemic with small range in the Capitan and Shrew neomexicanus relict distribution. Sacramento mountains, NM. Considered imperiled in NM. Associated with mesic forest & meadow habitats; high forest zone species subject to habitat loss via climate change. Water Shrew Sorex palustris G5 S1/S3 AZ/NM Apache- Southwest populations AZGFD Wildlife of Special Concern; extremely navigator Sitgreaves, isolated on sky islands; limited restricted, relict distribution; riparian habitats degraded; Carson, Santa to riparian/marshy areas. high forest zone species subject to habitat loss via Fe climate change and other human mediated causes; mesic forest and meadow habitats. Preble's Shrew Sorex preblei G4 S1 NM Santa Fe Extremely restricted Restricted distribution; found in dry shrub-grasslands, distribution. Found more often sagebrush steppe, and also mesic sites. Presence of in dry habitats than other Gambel oak thought to be important. Need more pitfall shrews. trapping across west to determine status and range.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 26 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Since habitat needs are poorly known, this is critical to protecting the species. Although globally secure, the species is considered critically imperiled in NM. Cockrum's Notiosorex GNR SNR AZ Coronado Limited distribution, resident of Rare endemic of SE AZ Madrean. Desert Shrew cockrumi semi-desert. Mexican Long- Choeronycteris G4N2 S2/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Habitat & roost AZGFD Wildlife of Special Concern. Reduced Tongued Bat mexicana loss/degradation; food abundance; loss of roosting habitat via abandoned resource loss; highly mine closures & cave recreation; loss of agave & vulnerable to human columnar cacti food resources through collecting & disturbance. harvest. Considered imperiled in AZ and critically imperiled in NM. California Leaf- Macrotus G4N3N4 S3 AZ Coronado, Tonto Roosting habitat very limited & AZGFD Wildlife of Special Concern. Predicted Nosed Bat californicus subject to loss; foraging population reduction of at least 20% in next 10 years habitat loss & degradation; due to human disturbance and limited roost habitat; human disturbance of roosts. habitat destruction via mine closures & renewed mining. Western Yellow Lasiurus G5N2 S2/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Loss, alteration, and/or Human disturbance & destruction of palm tree roosts; Bat xanthinus degradation of southwestern loss & degradation of riparian & deciduous woodlands riparian areas and associated across Southwest; data deficient. Considered imperiled habitats; improper livestock in AZ and critically imperiled in NM. NMDGF threatened grazing, and forest and species. woodland clearing. Western Red Bat Lasiurus G5N4 S2/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Deciduous riparian habitat Loss & degradation of riparian & other broad-leaf blossevillii Sitgreaves, loss/degradation; roosting & deciduous forests & woodlands across Southwest; Coconino, foraging habitat reduced due indicator of healthy southwestern riparian woodlands. Coronado, Gila, to agricultural conversion; AZGFD Wildlife of Special Concern. Considered Kaibab, pesticides; winter roosts imperiled in both AZ and NM. Prescott, Tonto impacted by prescribed fire. Spotted Bat Euderma G4N3N4 S2/S3 AZ/NM Apache- Populations considered Urban & suburban expansion; activities that disturb cliff maculatum Sitgreaves, vulnerable; threats include roosting habitat; woody encroachment of high elevation Carson, Cibola, recreational climbing, meadows. NMDGF threatened species. AZGFD Wildlife Coconino, Gila, pesticides, improper livestock of Special Concern. Kaibab, Lincoln, grazing & pest control Santa Fe, Tonto operations.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 27 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Allen's Lappet- Idionycteris G3G4N3 S2/S2 AZ/NM Apache- Vulnerable to habitat loss via Habitat destruction and/or modification by partial Browed Bat phyllotis Sitgreaves, vandalism, closure of blocking or improper gating; mine closures for hazard Cibola, abandoned mines, and timber abatement and renewal of mining activity at previously Coconino, management practices abandoned mine sites. Human disturbance in existing Coronado, Gila, (snags), data deficient. roosts can cause abandonment of roost and/or Kaibab, Tonto negatively affect reproductive success. Use of tree roosts is common, therefore susceptible to thinning, fire, and fuels management practices. Considered imperiled in AZ and NM. Pale Townsend's Corynorhinus GTN4 S3/S3 AZ/NM Apache- Disturbance/destruction of Documented losses and/or reductions in maternity Big-Eared Bat townsendii Sitgreaves, roost sites via recreational colonies. Human disturbance has caused roost pallescens Carson, Cibola, caving, mine reclamation abandonment and/or negatively affected reproductive Coconino, renewed mining, etc. success. Habitat destruction and/or modification by Coronado, Gila, Inadequate surveys of partial blocking or improper gating of cave/mine roosts. Kaibab, Lincoln, abandoned mines prior to Prescott, Santa closure. Fe, Tonto Pocketed Free- Nyctinomops G4 S2S3/S1/S AZ/NM/T Coronado, Distribution is limited, range Considered rare, extreme northern end of range. Tailed Bat femorosaccus 3 X Prescott, Tonto restricted; requires large Considered imperiled in AZ, critically imperiled in NM, surfaces of open water for and vulnerable in TX. drinking. Greater Western Eumops perotis G5T4N3 S1S2 AZ Apache- Highly disjunct populations Decreasing numbers and distribution. Certain historical Mastiff Bat californicus Sitgreaves, (U.S., South America, Cuba); roost sites are no longer occupied, possibly due to Coconino, limited by suitable roost and habitat loss and/or degradation. Severely limited by Coronado, Tonto water site availability. Threats availability of drinking water, therefore no longer found include recreational climbing, in historic sites and populations may be in decline. pesticides, improper livestock Threatened by urban/suburban expansion and by grazing, and pest control activities that destroy or disturb cliff habitat. Populations operations. eradicated due to pest control operations. Considered critically imperiled in AZ. Pika Ochotona GN5 S2 NM Carson, Santa Narrowly restricted habitat, Restricted, relict distribution with NM population disjunct princeps Fe confined to talus slopes and from northern population. It is a high forest zone boulder fields in alpine and indicator species subject to habitat loss due to climate sub-alpine habitats. change. Forest activities such as grazing and recreation are occurring in species habitat. Considered imperiled in NM (S2) indicating factors of declining abundance and distribution. In addition, this species was recommended for inclusion by the panel of mammalian experts consulted. Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 28 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Goat Peak Pika Ochotona G5TN1 S1? NM Santa Fe Narrowly restricted habitat, Endemic subspecies to NM; restricted, relict princeps disjunct populations, confined distribution, high forest zone species subject to habitat nigrescens to talus slopes and boulder loss due to climate change. Considered critically fields in alpine and sub-alpine imperiled in NM. habitats. Snowshoe Hare Lepus G5 S3 NM Carson, Santa Highly restricted habitat Requires high-elevation, closed canopy, spruce fir americanus Fe requirements, very sensitive to forests with high horizontal foliage cover. Forest certain forest management management activities (fire, logging, road construction) practices. that reduce dense, closed canopy spruce fir forests may negatively impact hares, as may climate change. Potential for competitive replacement by mountain cottontail. Inclusion highly suggested by Dr. Jennifer Frey as a result of research she has and is conducting with her students at NMSU. White-Sided Lepus callotis G3 S1 NM Coronado Highly restricted distribution, Declining in many areas due to loss and degradation of Jack Rabbit habitat loss and degradation, open grassland habitat resulting from overgrazing, documented population agricultural expansion, shrub invasion. Generally rare, declines in U.S. and Mexico. even within range; prospects for population persistence over time is poor. Data deficient. Considered critically imperiled in NM and vulnerable globally. White-Tailed Lepus townsendii GN5 SP/S2 AZ/NM Carson Limited distribution, restricted Highly restricted distribution; apparent declines in Jack Rabbit campanius range; habitat degradation and distribution and abundance; potential for habitat elimination; competition with changes that result in negative competitive interactions black-tailed jack rabbit. with black-tailed jackrabbit. Considered critically imperiled in NM and vulnerable globally. Gray-Footed Neotamias GN3 S3/S2S3 NM/TX Cibola, Lincoln Limited distribution, restricted Endemic; highly restricted distribution. Documented Chipmunk canipes range; data deficient. loss of populations; high forest zone species subject to habitat loss due to climate change. Considered vulnerable both globally and in NM. In TX, it is considered imperiled. White Mountains Tamias minimus G5T2NR SNR AZ Apache- Highly restricted distribution; Highly restricted distribution, high forest zone species Chipmunk arizonensis Sitgreaves (Sullivan & Peterson (1988) subject to habitat loss due to climate change; potential revised sub-specific taxonomy. for habitat changes that promote competitive replacement by other lower elevation chipmunks. Supported for inclusion by professors at both NMSU and the University of AZ.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 29 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Peñasco Least Neotamias G5T1NX S1 NM Lincoln Endemic to NM; extremely NMDGF listed species and considered critically Chipmunk minimus limited distributed, restricted imperiled in NM. Highly restricted distribution; high atristriatus range; habitat loss/degraded forest zone species subject to habitat loss due to or fragmented. climate change; potential for habitat changes that promote competitive replacement by other lower elevation chipmunks; Populations declined markedly. Kaibab Least Neotamias G5TNR NR AZ Kaibab Highly restricted distribution. Highly restricted distribution; high forest zone species Chipmunk minimus subject to habitat loss due to climate change; potential consobrinus for habitat changes that promote competitive replacement by other lower elevation chipmunks. Recommended for inclusion by Dr. Jennifer Frey, NMSU. Yellow-Bellied Marmota GN5 S3 NM Carson, Santa Limited distribution; restricted Restricted distribution. High forest zone species Marmot flaviventris Fe range; at high risk, easily subject to habitat loss due to climatic change. At high impacted, disturbed, risk, the species is easily disturbed or vandalized. vandalized; subject to Globally secure; however considered vulnerable in NM unlimited pest control, which indicates factors of declining abundance and improper livestock grazing. distribution as well as high vulnerability to human disturbance due to biology or geography. This species was also recommended for inclusion the panel of mammalian experts that were consulted. White Mountains Spermophilus G5TN3 S3/ AZ/NM Apache- Greatly reduced habitat, loss & Restricted, relict isolated distribution; pattern requires Ground Squirrel tridecemlineatus Sitgreaves, degradation. grassland which has declined due to agriculture, monticola Cibola, Gila, development, and shrub invasion; Sacramento Lincoln Mountain population may be extinct. Black-Tailed Cynomys G3 SX/S2? AZ/NM Cibola (Kiowa- Vulnerable to poisoning, Keystone species; extreme reduction in distribution and Prairie Dog ludovicianus Rita Blanca, shooting, agriculture, abundance; subject to agricultural control and plague. ludovicianus Black Kettle urbanization, habitat Former FWS candidate species, considered vulnerable only) fragmentation, disease. globally and imperiled in NM. Populations are disjunct. Gunnison's Cynomys GN5 S5/S2 AZ/NM Carson, Cibola, Vulnerable to poisoning, Keystone species, extreme reduction in distribution and Prairie Dog gunnisoni Santa Fe, Gila shooting, agriculture, abundance; subject to agricultural control and plague; urbanization, habitat poisoned to point of extirpation. Considered to be fragmentation, disease. imperiled in NM. On list for NM Forests only (G5/S5 AZ) Kaibabbab Sciurus aberti G5T3Q S3 AZ Kaibab Poisoning, trapping, shooting. This subspecies is endemic to the Kaibab plateau. It is Squirrel kaibabensis considered vulnerable in AZ and rounded globally status is vulnerable as well.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 30 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Arizona Gray Sciurus GN4 S4/S2 AZ/NM Gila Restricted distribution, riparian Endemic to Southwest, recognized and charismatic, Squirrel arizonensis habitat loss/degradation. data deficient. Threatened in Mexico and considered arizonensis imperiled in NM. Chiricahua Fox Sciurus G3 S2 AZ Coronado Subject to unlimited pest Uncommon with restricted distribution; high forest zone Squirrel nayaritensis control, improper livestock species subject to habitat loss due to climate change. chiracahuae grazing. Considered vulnerable globally and imperiled in the state of AZ. Ruidoso Red Tamiasciurus G5 UNK NM Lincoln Limited distribution, restricted This subspecies is endemic only to limited area in NM Squirrel hudsonicus range, endemic. (Lincoln NF); limited to high elevation spruce fir forests; lychnuchus high forest zone species subject to habitat loss due to climate change. Globally secure; however, status is currently unknown in NM and the species was recommended for inclusion by the mammalian experts consulted. Botta's Pocket Thomomys bottae G5 UNK NM Cibola, Gila, Endemic, limited distribution Other T. bottae subspecies ranges are embedded Gopher aureus Santa Fe and restricted range. within the range of this subspecies, therefore taxonomy difficult to distinguish; data deficient. Graham Thomomys bottae G5T3Q S3 AZ Coronado Restricted distribution, riparian Extremely limited distribution & restricted range. Mountains grahamensis habitat loss/degradation. Considered to be vulnerable in AZ. Pocket Gopher Guadalupe Thomomys bottae G5TN2 S1 NM Lincoln Limited distribution, restricted Restricted to montane forests, subject to habitat loss Pocket Gopher guadalupensis range. due to drought and climate change. Considered critically imperiled in NM. Botta's Pocket Thomomys bottae G5 UNK NM Cibola Extremely limited range; Endemic, extremely restricted distribution, only found in Gopher morulus embedded within range of one small area of Cibola Co. another Thomomys sp., little habitable soil within range. Cebolleta Thomomys bottae G5TN2 S2 NM Cibola Extremely limited range; Endemic, extremely restricted distribution, only found in Southern Pocket paguatae embedded within range of one small area of Cibola Co. Considered to be Gopher another Thomomys spp., little imperiled in the state of NM. habitable soil within range. Botta's Pocket Thomomys bottae G5 UNK NM Cibola Extremely limited range; Restricted to montane coniferous and subalpine Gopher planorum embedded within range of coniferous forest around Mt. Taylor; subject to habitat another Thomomys spp., little loss due to drought and climate change. Endemic to habitable soil within range. NM.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 31 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Kaibab Northern Thomomys UNK UNK AZ Kaibab Highly restricted distribution, Endemic subspecies, relict population, subject to Pocket Gopher talpoides high forest zone subspecies habitat loss due to drought and climate change. kaibabensis subject to habitat loss and competitive displacement. Mt. Taylor Thomomys UNK UNK NM Cibola Highly restricted distribution, Endemic subspecies, relict population, subject to Northern Pocket talpoides taylori high forest zone subspecies habitat loss due to drought and climate change. Gopher subject to habitat loss and competitive displacement. Huachuca Thomomys G5TN3 S3 AZ Coronado Endemic, highly restricted Extremely restricted distribution, found only in Mountains umbrinus distribution and relict Huachuca Mtns., on rocky slopes >9,000 ft, subject to Pocket Gopher intermedius population. habitat loss due to drought and climate change. Considered vulnerable in AZ. Southern Thomomys G5TN3 S2 AZ Coronado Endemic, highly restricted Extremely restricted distribution, found only in (Pajarito) Pocket umbrinus distribution and relict Atascosa-Pajarito Mnts., subject to habitat loss due to Gopher quercinus population. drought and climate change. Considered imperiled in AZ. Yellow-Faced Cratogeomys GN5 S2 NM Lincoln Needs well-developed Highly restricted distribution, probable extirpation of at Pocket Gopher castanops grasslands; habitat lost to least one population on western edge, associated with urbanization and agriculture; well-developed grassland, can be competitively displaced by competitors due displaced by other gopher species with habitat change to increased disturbance of (from grass to forbs). Considered imperiled in NM. native habitats. White-Ankled Peromyscus GN5 S1 NM Lincoln Endemic, highly restricted Distribution very limited (small area in Eddy Co. only). Mouse pectoralis distribution Considered critically imperiled in NM. laceianus Wupatki Arizona Perognathus G5T2Q S2 AZ Coconino Limited distribution, restricted Restricted distribution, loss of habitat, sensitive to Pocket Mouse amplus cineris range; sensitive to degradation habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation. Considered of desert scrub habitat. imperiled in AZ. Springerville Perognathus G5TN3 S3 AZ Apache- Extremely rare; restricted Restricted distribution, loss of habitat, sensitive to Silky Pocket flavus goodpasteri Sitgreaves distribution. improper livestock grazing. Considered vulnerable in Mouse AZ. Houserock Dipodomys G5T2Q S2 AZ Kaibab Extremely limited distribution, AZGFD Wildlife of Special Concern; relative abundance Valley Chisel microps leucotis low general abundance, is low and patchy; species is absent from parts of Toothed habitat lost to agriculture and former range, most likely due to intense past and Kangaroo Rat ranching; requires well present grazing practices. developed shrub cover or can be replaced by competitors.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 32 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations NM Banner Dipodomys G5TN4 S1?/S4 AZ/NM Cibola, Santa Fe Possibly extirpated in AZ; AZGFD Wildlife of Special Concern; experienced Tailed Kangaroo spectabilis distribution and abundance significant habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation; Rat clarenci highly reduced in NM. prefers well developed grasslands which are disappearing; associated with prairie dog towns which are also disappearing. Considered critically imperiled in AZ, and although species currently ranked as secure in NM, subspecies is recommended for inclusion by Dr. Jennifer Frey, NMSU. Fulvous Harvest Reithrodontomys GN5 S4/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Highly sensitive to degradation Restricted, relict, isolated distribution; declining Mouse fulvescens of mesic, dense grassland abundance. Considered critically imperiled in NM. habitat; limited distribution. Plains Harvest Reithrodontomys G5 S2/S4 AZ/NM Coconino, Distribution is patchy and Needs well-developed grass cover; habitat lost to Mouse montanus Coronado, discontinuous; restricted to urbanization and agriculture. Species is considered Prescott well-developed grasslands. secure in NM; however is imperiled in AZ. Only AZ Forests within its range are included on this list. Mesquite Peromyscus G5N2 S2 AZ Coronado Requires heavy mesquite Habitat limited and subjected to degradation, especially (Merriam's) merriami bosque thickets with dense fuel cutting, improper livestock grazing, and recreation. Mouse herbaceous growth. Restricted distribution. Considered imperiled in AZ. Northern Pygmy Baiomys taylori G4G5N4 S2S3/S2 AZ/NM Coronado Highly restricted distribution, Requires well-developed warm grassland habitat; Mouse ater require well-developed sensitive to degradation (e.g. improper livestock grassland, especially in grazing, shrub encroachment) of grassland habitat. riparian areas. Restricted, localized distribution. Considered imperiled in both AZ and NM. YELLOW- Sigmodon G4G5N3N4 S3S4/S2 AZ/NM Coronado, Gila Restricted distribution; Experienced significant reductions in distribution and NOSED Cottonto ochrognathus sensitive to improper livestock abundance. Considered imperiled in NM. RAT grazing and riparian degradation. Southern Red- Clethrionomys GN5 S3S4/S3 AZ/NM Apache- Good indicator of cool, mesic Requires mesic areas with abundant surface litter; Backed Vole gapperi Sitgreaves, sites with high elevation old unable to colonize pioneer plant communities such as Carson, Cibola, growth, spruce fir forests; recent burns; high forest zone subspecies subject to Gila, Santa Fe requires abundance of surface habitat loss due to climate change and other human litter including stumps and mediated causes; potential for competitive replacement logs. by other vole species. Western Heather Phenacomys GN5 S3 NM Carson, Santa Relict distribution pattern; Extremely rare; restricted distribution; may require Vole intermedius Fe declines in abundance and mesic, dense, herbaceous vegetation; high forest zone intermedius distribution. subspecies subject to habitat loss due to climate change and other human mediated causes; potential for competitive replacement by other species of voles. Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 33 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Arizona Montane Microtus G3 S1/S3S4 AZ/NM Apache- Associated with dense tall, Endemic subspecies with highly restricted distribution; Vole montanus Sitgreaves, Gila mesic grass. The species has requires wet herbaceous growth (i.e., wet meadows, arizonensis a very restricted distribution in marshes); habitat subject to negative impacts; high NM, therefore it is vulnerable forest zone subspecies subject to habitat loss due to to habitat alteration such as climate change and other human mediated causes; improper livestock grazing. potential for competitive replacement by other vole species. Considered critically imperiled in NM and is a NMDGF endangered species. Navajo Mogollon Microtus G4TN2Q S1/S3 AZ/NM Apache- Relict distribution pattern; Relict distribution pattern; declines in abundance and Vole mogollonensis Sitgreaves, declines in abundance and distribution due to loss of grassland habitats; requires navaho Coconino, distribution due to loss of relatively well-developed grassland/meadow habitat; Kaibab ground cover. dewatering of springs has negatively impacted species. Considered critically imperiled in NM. Long-Tailed Vole Microtus GN5 S4/S4 AZ/NM Apache- Dependent on mesic habitat This species is impacted by degraded riparian areas longicaudus Sitgreaves, with ample vegetative cover in from improper livestock grazing. Relic populations with Carson, Cibola, mixed conifer forest zone; limited area and/or relatively poorly developed habitat Coconino, good indicator of permanent are subject to loss due to climate change and other Coronado, Gila, water in montane forests. human mediated causes. Also potential for Lincoln, Kaibab, Favors areas with grassy replacement by other competitive species of voles. Santa Fe understory. Improper livestock Although this species is ranked globally and within the grazing negatively impacts state as secure, it has been included based on recent species. research conclusions. Inclusion on the list was recommended by Dr. Jennifer Frey, NMSU due to documented declines in NM, relict populations with limited habitat, and narrow habitat requirements of mesic mixed conifer forest with ample vegetative cover. White-Bellied Microtus G3TN3 S3 AZ Coronado Endemic found only in Endemic subspecies with highly restricted distribution; Long-Tailed Vole longicaudus Pinaleno Mtns. At > 8,000; requires wet herbaceous growth (i.e., wet meadows, leucophaeus largely dependent on well marshes); habitat subject to negative impacts; high developed mesic meadows; forest zone subspecies subject to habitat loss due to negatively impacted by climate change and other human mediated causes; grazing. potential for competitive replacement by other vole species. Considered vulnerable globally and within AZ. Meadow (New Zapus hudsonius G3TN2 S2 AZ/NM Apache- Highly restricted distribution, Decreasing numbers and riparian habitat, populations Mexico) Jumping luteus Sitgreaves, restricted range, loss of impacted by destruction of wetlands. Considered Mouse Carson, Lincoln, riparian habitat. imperiled in NM and a NMDGF threatened species. Santa Fe White-Nosed Nasua narica G5N4 S4/S2 AZ/NM Tonto, Endemic, indiscriminant killing, Restricted distribution; associated with riparian habitats, Coati Coronado, Gila predator control, habitat subjected to predator control campaigns. Considered Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 34 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations degradation. imperiled in NM.

American Marten Martes americana GN5 S2 NM Carson, Santa Habitat loss & degradation, Rare; restricted distribution; high forest zone species origenes Fe past extensive logging and subject to habitat loss due to climate change; forestry trapping for pelts. practices impact species. Considered imperiled in NM and a NMDGF threatened species. Ermine Mustela erminea GN5 S1/S3 AZ/NM Carson, Santa Requires high altitude, spruce Restricted distribution; high forest zone species subject muricus Fe fir forest with abundant to habitat loss via climate change, trapping, poisoning, grass/shrub understory. and other measures intended to control predators; data Reliant on forest edge and deficient. Considered critically imperiled in AZ and success ional habitats. vulnerable in NM. Mink Mustela vison GN5 S3 NM Carson, Santa Requires permanent Documented declines in NM; previously thought to be energumenos Fe wetland/riparian habitat with extirpated from the state. Impacted by degraded abundant cover such as fallen riparian areas from improper livestock grazing. Decline logs and debris. Presence largely unexplained, but habitat degradation, trapping, and density affected by disease and interspecific competition have affected availability of den sites, species. Considered vulnerable in NM. shoreline vegetation, vertebrate prey, and winter hunting sites. Hooded Skunk Mephitis G5N4 S4/S2 AZ/NM Coronado, Gila Restricted distribution; Conversion of low-elevation riparian habitats to urban macroura milleri associated with low-elevation and agricultural lands, indeterminant trapping and riparian habitats. poisoning. Considered secure in AZ; however imperiled in NM. NM Forests only. Sandhill White- Odocoileus G5 UNK NM Cibola (Kiowa- Range has greatly diminished; Range has greatly diminished due to fire suppression; Tailed Deer virginianus texana Rita Blanca only) due to fire suppression, forage forage has decreased in quality and quantity. has decreased in quality and Recommended by Dr. Jennifer Frey (NMSU) because quantity. the species has experienced significant reductions in distribution and abundance, especially in the sandhill system in eastern NM. Bison-M lists this species as "found in Clayton area of Kiowa-Rita Blanca on the Cibola". Rocky Mountain Ovis canadensis G4 S1/S4 AZ/NM Carson, Santa Overhunting/poaching, Subspecies extirpated from NM in 1906; reintroduced Bighorn Sheep canadensis Fe, Cibola, Gila, disease, competition for into portions of historical range. Species considered Kaibab, Tonto forage, drought, urban critically imperiled in AZ. On the Gila, since 2005 the development, heavy species has declined between 50 to 75 percent. recreational use of habitat. Desert Bighorn Ovis canadensis G3 S1/S3 AZ/NM Coronado, Tonto Poaching, disease, surface Considered critically imperiled in AZ and vulnerable in

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 35 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Mammals (70)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Sheep mexicana water availability, competition NM. Is a NMDGF endangered species. Low and for forage, drought, human decreasing numbers, decreasing distribution and range; conflict, habitat loss, small populations experiencing inbreeding and high fragmentation, degradation. predation.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 36 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Reptiles (16)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Reticulate Gila Heloderma G4T4 S4 AZ/NM Coconino, Threatened by active pet Decreasing in heavily urbanized or agricultural areas Monster suspectum Tonto, trade. Habitat loss is particularly. Threatened by overcollection. suspectum Coronado, Gila important, especially denning sites. Sonoran Desert Gopherus G4T4 S4 AZ Coronado, Studied populations appear to AZGFD effort to underway to produce a conservation Tortoise agassizii Prescott, Tonto be decreasing in AZ. agreement since populations appear to be declining. (Sonoran Population) Slevin's Sceloporus slevini G4 S2S3/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Improper livestock grazing in Declines have been noted in the northern portion of the Bunchgrass AZ and NM has degraded range, limited distribution. Thriving at many localities Lizard habitat and has caused large within AZ (although a limited) range. Species is population declines. considered critically imperiled in NM and is a NMDGF threatened species. Mountain Skink Eumeces G5 S2/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Habitat destruction by wildfire, Limited/decreasing distribution, population trends not callicephalus habitat loss, cattleguards, available for AZ and NM. The species is considered trenches. imperiled in AZ and critically imperiled in NM where it is a NMDGF threatened species. Giant Spotted Aspidoscelis burti G4T3 S3/S2 AZ/NM Coronado Habitat loss and Low population numbers. AZGFD report demonstrates Whiptail stictogrammus fragmentation. AZ and NM - it is a Madrean/Apachean endemic and occurs in Limited distribution. disjunct populations within its limited range. NMDGF threatened species. Green Ratsnake Senticolis triaspis G5 S3/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Catastrophic wildfire, habitat Limited range, population trends are unknown for this destruction, active interest by species. Considered vulnerable in AZ and critically collectors. imperiled in NM where it is a NMDGF threatened species. Brown Oxybelis aeneus G5 S2 AZ Coronado Limited distribution in AZ, Population trends unknown in AZ. Rarely seen, occurs Vinesnake brush clearing and wood in south central AZ only. (Tumacacori and Huachuca cutting, over collecting. EMA). Highly sought after by collectors. Thornscrub Gyalopion G4 S1/S2 AZ Coronado Limited distribution in AZ. Rarely seen, not abundant in AZ. Distribution in U.S. is Hooknosed quadrangulare limited to an extremely small part of AZ, in and adjacent Snake to the Tumacacori EMA. Within this very small area it is infrequently encountered.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 37 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Reptiles (16)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Maricopa Leaf- Phyllorhynchus G5T2 S2 AZ Tonto This snake is greatly affected Leaf-nosed snakes appear to be declining or possibly Nosed Snake browni lucidus by heavy urban development disappearing in areas with heavy urban development such as what is occurring in such as Tucson and Phoenix. The species is Phoenix and Tucson. In considered imperiled in AZ. addition, they are affected by agriculture as in the Avra Valley. They are apparently closely adapted to local conditions. There is also a concern that since these snakes are so adapted to local conditions that a loss of a large local population area may be a serious matter of biodiversity loss, and could eliminate an important source of variation contributing to the long term survival of the species. Yaqui Black- Tantilla yaquia G4 S2/S1 AZ/NM Coronado Habitat loss/fragmentation, Low population numbers, limited distribution. The Headed Snake catastrophic wildfire. species is easily disturbed, impacted, and vandalized. Furthermore, it suffers from habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. Considered critically imperiled in NM and imperiled in AZ. Mexican Thamnophis G3T3 S2S3/S1S2 AZ/NM Apache- Overcollecting, improper Moderate, spotty range in AZ, NM, and Mexico; Gartersnake eques megalops Sitgreaves, livestock grazing, habitat documented declines in the number of U.S. populations Coconino, alteration (dewatering, and abundance, with substantial range contractions in Coronado, siltation, modification of stream AZ, New Mexico and probable reductions in Mexico; Tonto, Prescott, morphology, and arroyo threats are high and ongoing in the U.S. and the same Gila cutting), and the introduction of threats probably exist in Mexico. NMDGF endangered predaceous, non-native species. species, particularly bullfrogs and domestic geese which compete with the snakes for food. Arid Land Thamnophis G5 S3 NM/TX Cibola (Kiowa- Habitat loss, easily disturbed, Low population numbers, limited distribution and Ribbonsnake proximus Rita Blanca), exotic predators. restricted range. The species is easily impacted and diabolicus Lincoln disturbed and is subject to vandalism, commercial exploitation and overcollection. The species also suffers from habitat loss, fragmentation, and Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 38 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Reptiles (16)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations degradation. The species is considered to be vulnerable in NM and is a NMDGF threatened species. Narrow-Headed Thamnophis G3G4 S3/S3 AZ/NM Apache- Lowered water table; habitat The species does not appear to be abundant in the Gartersnake rufipunctatus Sitgreaves, modification; improper U.S., and quite likely it has declined as habitat has been Coconino, Gila, livestock grazing along lost or altered. In NM, it is peripheral and of uncertain Prescott, Tonto streambeds and increased but probably low population density. The species recreational use in riparian population trend is unknown in AZ and NM. Believed to areas. Also introduction of be extirpated from Flagstaff and Wall Lake, AZ areas predators such as bullfrogs where it was formerly abundant. It is also becoming and some fishes, and habitat more difficult to find in historical strongholds like Oak fragmentation. Creek AZ. NMDGF threatened species. Mottled Rock Crotalus lepidus G5T4T5 S2 NM Lincoln Low numbers, limited The mottled subspecies of the rock rattlesnake is Rattlesnake lepidus distribution and data, habitat probably secure and common in its rather large loss and fragmentation, road Mexican range; however, in NM the subspecies is kill and overcollecting. peripheral and of unknown but probably low population density. This species is very rare and/or very limited in distribution in NM. Population trends are unknown for AZ. NMDGF threatened species. Twin Spotted Crotalus pricei G5 S3 AZ Coronado Limited distribution, highly Found only at high elevations within coniferous forests Rattlesnake sought after for the black of the "Sky Islands". Uncommonly encountered, but market pet trade. subject to overcollecting. Arizona Ridge- Crotalus willardi G5T3 S3 AZ Coronado Threatened by illegal Population trends are unknown. A “general feeling” Nosed willardi collecting, mining, recreational exists that it may be less common locally in the Rattlesnake development, and woodcutting Huachuca Mountains than 25 years ago. (Lowe et al. 1986).

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 39 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Snails (38)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Gilaa Springsnail Pyrgulopsis gilae C G2 S2 NM Gila The natural or human-induced Limited distribution. FWS candidate species for federal Protect habitat from anthropogenic disturbances: destruction, modification, or listing. NMDGF listed species. Considered imperiled dewatering, diversion, wildlife improvement curtailment of Gila springsnail both globally and within the state of NM. projects, inundation, trampling, contamination, habitat represents the primary water quality, degradation, exotic species. threat to the species. Verde Rim Pyrgulopsis G1 S1 AZ Prescott Spring development, improper Limited distribution. AZ Species of Special Concern. Protect habitat from anthropogenic disturbances: Springsnail glandulosa cattle grazing, lowered Considered critically imperiled globally as well as in the dewatering, diversion, wildlife improvement groundwater table, spring state of AZ. projects, inundation, trampling, contamination, diversion, water water quality, degradation, exotic species. contamination. Page Springsnail Pyrgulopsis C G1 S1 AZ Coconino Spring development, improper Narrow endemic. AZ Species of Special Concern. FWS Protect habitat from anthropogenic disturbances: morrisoni cattle grazing, lowered candidate species for federal listing. Considered dewatering, diversion, wildlife improvement groundwater table, spring critically imperiled both globally and within the state of projects, inundation, trampling, contamination, diversion, water AZ. water quality, degradation, exotic species. contamination, non-native species. Fossil Pyrgulopsis G1 S1 AZ Coconino, Tonto Spring development, improper Limited distribution. AZ Species of Special Concern. Protect habitat from anthropogenic disturbances: Springsnail simplex cattle grazing, lowered Considered critically imperiled globally as well as in the dewatering, diversion, wildlife improvement groundwater table, spring state of AZ. projects, inundation, trampling, contamination, diversion, water water quality, degradation, exotic species. contamination, non-native species. New Mexico Hot Pyrgulopsis C G1 S1 NM Gila Poor watershed management Limited distribution. FWS candidate species for federal Protect habitat from anthropogenic disturbances: Springsnail thermalis practices, contamination, and listing. NMDGF listed species. Considered imperiled dewatering, diversion, wildlife improvement wetland habitat degradation. both globally and within the state of NM. projects, inundation, trampling, contamination, Recreational use and improper water quality, degradation, exotic species. livestock grazing are also threats to this species. Brown Pyrgulopsis sila G1 S1 AZ Prescott Poor watershed management Narrow endemic found on FS lands. Protect habitat from anthropogenic disturbances: Springsnail practices, contamination, and dewatering, diversion, wildlife improvement wetland habitat degradation. projects, inundation, trampling, contamination, Recreational use and improper water quality, degradation, exotic species. livestock grazing are also threats to this species.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 40 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Snails (38)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Huachuca Pyrgulopsis C G2 S2 AZ Coronado Spring development, improper Limited distribution. FWS candidate for federal listing. Protect habitat from anthropogenic disturbances: Springsnail thompsoni cattle grazing, lowered Considered imperiled globally and within the state of dewatering, diversion, wildlife improvement groundwater table, spring AZ. projects, inundation, trampling, contamination, diversion, water water quality, degradation, exotic species. contamination, non-native species. Three Forks Pyrgulopsis C G1 S1 AZ Apache- Spring development, improper Limited distribution. FWS candidate for federal listing. Protect habitat from anthropogenic disturbances: Springsnail trivalis Sitgreaves cattle grazing, lowered Considered critically imperiled globally and within the dewatering, diversion, wildlife improvement groundwater table, spring state of AZ. AZ Species of Special Concern. projects, inundation, trampling, contamination, diversion, water water quality, degradation, exotic species. contamination, non-native species. Clark Peak Sonorella G1G2 S1S2 AZ Coronado Fire, drought, climate change. Narrow endemic. Considered critically imperiled both Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails Talussnail christenseni Events that affect humidity globally and within the state of AZ. away from talus slopes. levels. Mimic Talussnail Sonorella imitator G2 S2 AZ Coronado Perhaps fire. Narrow endemic. Restricted and declining distribution Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails with associated chance extinction due to chance away from talus slopes. events. Considered imperiled both globally and within the state of AZ. Pinaleno Sonorella G1 S1 AZ Coronado Potentially intense fire, climate Narrow endemic. AZ Species of Special Concern. Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails Talussnail grahamensis change. Restricted and declining distribution with possible away from talus slopes. extinction due to chance events. Considered critically imperiled both globally and within the state of AZ. Wet Canyon Sonorella G1 S1 AZ Coronado Any disturbance that alters or Narrow endemic, found only in Wet Canyon in Pinaleno Protect riparian area and water flow. Talussnail macrophallus removes talus, increased Mountains. Considered critically imperiled both globally sedimentation, or depletion of and in the state of AZ. streamflow. No Common Sonorella G1 S1 NM Coronado Fire, climate change, Narrow endemic which is considered critically imperiled Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails Name Given; hachitana destabilization of talus globally as well as in the state of NM. away from talus slopes. See Metcalf And pleoncillensis sprawls. Smartt (1997) Northern Humboltiana G2 S2/S2 NM/TX Lincoln Fire, climate change, Narrow endemic limited to mesic sites in the Guadalupe Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails Threeband ultima destabilization of talus mountains. Imperiled globally and within the states of away from talus slopes. sprawls. NM and TX. Bearded Oreohelix barbata G1 SNR/S1 AZ/NM Gila, Coronado Riparian disturbance, improper Narrow endemic which is considered critically imperiled Protect riparian habitats along creeks. Prevent Mountainsnail cattle grazing, road building. globally and in NM. The species has not yet been overgrazing, route trails and roads away from ranked in AZ. canyon bottoms.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 41 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Snails (38)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Pinaleno Oreohelix G2 S2 AZ Coronado Chance events, intense fire. Narrow endemic with potential for extinction due to Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails Mountainsnail grahamensis chance events acting on small localized populations. away from talus slopes. Considered imperiled both globally and within AZ. Magdalena Oreohelix G1 SNR NM Cibola Climate change, deforestation, Narrow endemic with potential for extinction due to Conduct surveys if project is proposed in occupied Mountainsnail magdalanae fire. chance events acting on small localized populations. habitat. Avoid or minimize impact to populations. Considered imperiled globally. No Common Oreohelix G2T1 SNR NM Gila Fire, climate change, mining, Narrow endemic with potential for extinction due to Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails Name metcalfei destabilization of talus chance events acting on small localized populations. away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if acutidiscus sprawls. The species is considered critically imperiled (rounded mining is proposed in or near occupied habitat. status T1). No Common Oreohelix G2 SNR NM Gila Fire, climate change, mining, Narrow endemic with potential for extinction due to Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Name (Black metcalfei destabilization of talus chance events acting on small localized populations. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if Range concentrica sprawls, deforestation. Species is considered imperiled globally. mining is proposed in or near occupied habitat. Mountainsnail) Leave forested buffer around occupied habitat if timber harvest is planned. No Common Oreohelix G1 S1 NM Gila Climate change, mining, Narrow endemic with potential for extinction due to Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Name metcalfei destabilization of talus chance events acting on small localized populations. road away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if metcalfei sprawls. Species is considered critically imperiled both globally mining is proposed in or near occupied habitat. and in NM. No Common Oreohelix G1 S1 NM Gila Fire, climate change, mining, Narrow endemic with potential for extinction due to Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Name metcalfei radiata destabilization of talus chance events acting on small localized populations. road away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if sprawls. Species is considered critically imperiled both globally mining is proposed in or near occupied habitat. and in NM. No Common Oreohelix G1 S1 NM Lincoln Fire, climate change, Narrow endemic with potential for extinction due to If possible, protect occupied canyons from Name nogalensis deforestation. Type locality chance events acting on small localized populations. catastrophic fire. merits verification. Species is considered critically imperiled both globally and in NM. Mineral Creek Oreohelix pilsbryi G1 S1 NM Gila Mining, climate change. Narrow endemic. NMDGF threatened species. Conduct surveys if mining is proposed in occupied Mountainsnail Considered critically imperiled both globally and within habitat. Avoid or minimize impacts to populations. the state of NM. Morgan Creek Oreohelix swopei G1 S1 NM Gila Climate change, deforestation, Narrow endemic. Considered critically imperiled both Conduct surveys if timber harvest of prescribed Mountainsnail fire. Species requires further globally and within the state of NM. burns are proposed in occupied habitat. Avoid or study & evaluation regarding minimize impacts to populations. taxonomy & distribution as it relates to the O. strigosa depressa & O. subrudis groups.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 42 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Snails (38)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Subalpine Oreohelix G4 S3 NM Cibola, Gila Fire, climate change, mining, Endemic to higher elevations in Black Range and Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Mountainsnail subrudis destabilization of talus Mogollon and San Mateo Mountains. Considered roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if sprawls. vulnerable in NM. mining is proposed in or near occupied habitat. Leave forested buffer around occupied habitat if timber harvest is planned. Silver Creek Ashmunella G1 S1 NM Gila Fire, climate change, Limited distribution, local endemic. Considered critically Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Woodlandsnail binneyi deforestation. Type locality imperiled globally and in NM. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if merits verification. mining, timber harvest or prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. No Common Ashmunella G1T1 S1 NM Gila Fire, climate change, Narrow endemic. Considered critically imperiled both Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Name cockerelli deforestation. Type locality globally and within the state of NM. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if argenticola merits verification. mining, timber harvest or prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. Black Range Ashmunella G1T1 S1 NM Gila Fire, climate change, Narrow endemic. Considered critically imperiled both Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Woodlandsnail cockerelli deforestation. Type locality globally and within the State of NM. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if cockerelli merits verification. mining, timber harvest or prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. No Common Ashmunella G1T1 S1 NM Gila Fire, climate change, Narrow endemic. Considered critically imperiled both Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Name cockerelli deforestation. Type locality globally and within the State of NM. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if perobtusa merits verification. mining, timber harvest or prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. Whitewater Ashmunella G1 S1 NM Gila Fire, climate change, Limited distribution. Considered critically imperiled both Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Creek danielsi disturbance to talus, globally and within the State of NM. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if Woodlandsnail deforestation. Current mining, timber harvest or prescribed burns are literature recognizes 2 ssp. proposed in or near occupied habitat. The entire complex of smaller- shelled Ashmunellae of the tetradon-danielsi groups merit taxonomic study. Iron Creek Ashmunella G1 S1 NM Gila Fire, climate change, Limited distribution. Considered critically imperiled both Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Woodlandsnail mendax disturbance to talus, globally and within the State of NM. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if deforestation, mining. mining, timber harvest or prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. Capitan Ashmunella G1 SNR NM Lincoln Fire, mining, climate warming, Limited distribution. Considered critically imperiled Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Woodlandsnail pseudodonta disturbance to talus. globally. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if mining, timber harvest or prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 43 U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Region

Snails (38)

FWS Fed Status Heritage (NM Heritage State Common Scientific FWS Global Rank Forest of Limiting Name Name only) Rank AZ/NM State Occurrence Factors/Threats Justification Management Recommendations Dry Creek Ashmunella G1 S1 NM Gila Deforestation, fire. A. t. Narrow endemic. Considered critically imperiled both Protect riparian areas within canyons. Route Woodlandsnail tetradon tetradon tetrodon complex of SW globally and within the State of NM. recreational trails, road away from canyon Mogollon Mtns. Merits bottoms. Conduct surveys if timber harvest or taxonomic study. prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. No Common Ashmunella G1 S1 NM Gila Deforestation, fire. A. t. Narrow endemic. Considered critically imperiled both Protect riparian areas within canyons. Route Name tetradon mutator tetrodon complex of SW globally and within the State of NM. recreational trails, road away from canyon Mogollon Mtns. Merits bottoms. Conduct surveys if timber harvest or taxonomic study. prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. No Common Ashmunella G1 S1 NM Gila Deforestation, fire. A. t. Narrow endemic. Considered critically imperiled both Protect riparian areas within canyons. Route Name tetradon inermis tetrodon complex of SW globally and within the State of NM. recreational trails, road away from canyon Mogollon Mtns. Merits bottoms. Conduct surveys if timber harvest or taxonomic study. prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. No Common Ashmunella G2 S2 NM Gila Fire, deforestation, Narrow endemic. Considered imperiled both globally Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Name tetradon disturbance to talus. and within the State of NM. roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if animorum mining, timber harvest or prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat. Blunt Ambersnail Oxyloma retusum G5 S1 NM Lincoln Climate change, groundwater Species is known to occur in the Sacramento Protect springs, streams, wetlands, and riparian pumping, riparian habitat mountains and is considered critically imperiled in NM, areas. degradation. Taxonomic study although globally it is thought to be secure. may reveal populations distinct from such diverse habitats. Further statewide surveys of marsh habitats may clarify status. Vagabond Holospira G2 SNR/S2 AZ/NM Lincoln Fire, climate change, mining. Narrow endemic, species is restricted to the Guadalupe Protect talus slopes. Route recreational trails, Holospira montivaga Mountains of TX and NM. Considered imperiled both roads away from talus slopes. Conduct surveys if globally and within the State of NM. mining or prescribed burns are proposed in or near occupied habitat.

Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Animals, September 21, 2007 44