Period Unit 1 1

Developments in South and Southeast Asia from 1200CE-1450CE Dominant Skill: Claims and Evidence in Sources Identify and describe a claim and/or argument in a text-based or non-text based source.

Learning Objective 1G: Explain how the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time. Thematic Focus: CULTURAL Historical Development: Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia. Spread of Hinduism in South & SE Asia Spread of Buddhism in South & SE Asia Spread of Islam in South & SE Asia Illustrative Examples: Beliefs and Practices in South and Southeast Asia -Bhakti Movement -Sufism -Buddhist Monasticism Bhakti Movement Emphasized single-minded intense devotion to the god. It was a complete surrender of oneself to the gods. Became popular under Muslim rule over Hindu populations. Sufism Mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God. Buddhist Monasticism Devoting your life to the observation of your religion. For Buddhists, they were known as bodhisattvas. (those who have achieved nirvana but choose to remain on earth to guide others) Learning Objective 1H: Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia developed and maintained power over time. Thematic Focus: POLITICAL Historical Development: State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia. Delhi Sultanates 1206CE-1526CE Muslim Kingdoms ruling over a mostly Hindu Population

• Mamluk – Islamic Turkish Slave Kingdom 1206-1290

• Khilji – Expansion/Repelled Mongols 1290-1320

• Tughluq –Tamerlane sacks Delhi 1320-1414

• Sayyid- Claimed to be descendents of Muhammad 1414-1451

• Lodhi – Defeated by Babur (Mughals) 1451-1526

Illustrative Examples: New Hindu/Buddhist States -Vijayanagara Empire -Srivijaya Empire -Rajput Kingdoms -Khmer Empire -Majapahit -Sukhothai Kingdom -Sinhala Dynasties Vijayanagara Empire Hindu Kingdom that arose on the Southern Deccan Peninsula in response to Islamic penetration into South Asia. Rajput Kingdoms Hindu Kingdoms that resisted rule by the various Islamic Delhi Sultanates in the Indus River Region of South Asia. Majapahit South Asian influenced trading kingdom in SE Asia prior to Islamic dominance of the region. Sinhala Dynasties A series of Buddhist kingdoms which controlled Ceylon (the modern island of Sri Lanka) off the southern coast of South Asia. Srivijaya Empire Maritime and commercial kingdom that flourished between the 7th and the 13th centuries, largely in what is now Indonesia. It dominated the Strait of Malacca, an important choke point in the Indian Ocean trade network. Khmer Empire The Khmer empire was a powerful state in South East Asia, covering much of what today is Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and southern Vietnam. Sukhothai Kingdom Kingdom founded in modern-day Thailand as a group rebelled against the rulers of the Khmer Empire. Period Unit 1 1

Developments in South and Southeast Asia from 1200CE-1450CE Harkness Discussion Discussion: Group 3 Evaluators: Group 4 Source Document 1-3 “Belief Systems of South Asia” What are some similarities and differences in the foundations of Hinduism and Buddhism?