“Southeast Asia in World History” by Craig A. Lockhard

Directions: Read the article and complete the reading guide below. Please write answers on your own sheet of paper and staple your answers to this paper. You may complete the map and sketch on this copy.

1. Which major seafaring traders were the first to promote commerce between China and India?

2. What were the two “new ideas” Southeast Asian traders returned with which led to their “Indianization”? *Note: “Indianization” is sometimes referred to as “Southernization”

3. Labeling the following locations on the map:

Sumatra Malay Peninsula Straits of Malacca Sunda Strait Srivijaya Majapahit Borneo Sri Lanka Khmer Empire Java Spice Islands Malacca (Melaka) India China

4. What climatic patterns allowed sailors to sail southwest from China and Southeast from India to meet in the Straits of Malacca?

5. Identify at least three precious spices from Indonesia desired by Europeans.

6. “The Khmer were great builders filling the landscape with monumental temples, canals, and an extensive road network.” Search “Angkor Wat from the sky” on YouTube. Make a sketch below of what you saw:

7. In your opinion, what allowed the Srivijaya civilization and the Majapahit Kingdom to become the most powerful and influential states in Indonesian history?

8. By the 14th century, which religion from Sri Lanka became the major religion of mainland societies in SE Asia?

9. Identify the major difference between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.

10. Beginning around 1400 C.E., what led to increasing commercial prosperity and cosmopolitanism in Indonesia?

11. Which Muslim trading port in Indonesia became a rival to Canton, Venice, Genoa, and Alexandria?

12. What is the term for “an interlinked Islamic world stretching from Morocco, Spain and the West African Sudan to the Balkans, Turkestan, Mozambique, Indonesia, and China, joined by a common faith and trade connections”?

13. Identify the two travelers who passed through Southeast Asia.