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Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography 2 HAGIOGRAPHY BEYOND TRADITION Spencer-Hall & Gutt (eds) in Medieval Hagiography Subjects Genderqueer and Trans Edited by Alicia Spencer-Hall and Blake Gutt Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography Hagiography beyond Tradition The study of sanctity in medieval Europe is starting to elicit cutting-edge, innovative and genuinely interdisciplinary scholarship that destabilizes what people have conventionally considered to be hagiography. This is demonstrated in the topic range of panels sponsored by the Hagiography Society at recent landmark medievalist conferences. While hagiography has traditionally been understood only in religious terms, recent scholarship moves beyond such frameworks to consider alternate ways of identifying and representing exemplary people. So doing, such research emphasises modern cultural analogies and resonances with medieval figures. It is not enough, however, to approach saints’ lives with a “sexy” modern framework. The best scholarship is rooted in analytical rigour, close attention to context(s), and a keen awareness of the potential pitfalls of anachronism, all the while accepting that anachronism can often be productive. This series provides a home for the kind of work that negotiates that border between the traditional and the contemporary and encourages scholarship enhanced by interventions drawn from celebrity studies, trans studies, crip theory, animal and monster studies, the history of senses and the emotions, media studies, and beyond. Rather than considering hagiography as a single genre, the series is open to expanding the ways in which we imagine how people come to be offered for veneration, as well as the media and genres in which they are fashioned, represented, and celebrated. Series Editor Alicia Spencer-Hall, Queen Mary University of London Editorial Board Martha Newman, University of Texas Sarah Salih, King’s College London Bill Burgwinkle, University of Cambridge Virginia Burrus, Syracuse University Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography Edited by Alicia Spencer-Hall and Blake Gutt Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: “We have always been here”, by Jonah Coman Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 824 8 e-isbn 978 90 4854 026 6 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462988248 nur 684 © Alicia Spencer-Hall & Blake Gutt / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Every effort has been made to obtain permission to use all copyrighted illustrations reproduced in this book. Nonetheless, whosoever believes to have rights to this material is advised to contact the publisher. Table of Contents Acknowledgements 9 Introduction 11 Alicia Spencer-Hall and Blake Gutt Following the Traces Reassessing the Status Quo, Reinscribing Trans and Genderqueer Realities 1 Assigned Female at Death 43 Joseph of Schönau and the Disruption of Medieval Gender Binaries Martha G. Newman 2 Inherited Futures and Queer Privilege 65 Capgrave’s Life of St Katherine Caitlyn McLoughlin 3 Juana de la Cruz 87 Gender-Transcendent Prophetess Kevin C.A. Elphick 4 Non-Standard Masculinity and Sainthood in Niketas David’s Life of Patriarch Ignatios 109 Felix Szabo Peripheral Vision(s) Objects, Images, and Identities 5 Gender-Querying Christ’s Wounds 133 A Non-Binary Interpretation of Christ’s Body in Late Medieval Imagery Sophie Sexon 6 Illuminating Queer Gender Identity in the Manuscripts of the Vie de sainte Eufrosine 155 Vanessa Wright 7 The Queerly Departed 177 Narratives of Veneration in the Burials of Late Iron Age Scandinavia Lee Colwill Genre, Gender, and Trans Textualities 8 St Eufrosine’s Invitation to Gender Transgression 201 Amy V. Ogden 9 Holy Queer and Holy Cure 223 Sanctity, Disability, and Transgender Embodiment in Tristan de Nanteuil Blake Gutt 10 The Authentic Lives of Transgender Saints 245 Imago Dei and imitatio Christi in the Life of St Marinos the Monk M.W. Bychowski Epilogue 267 Beyond Binaries: A Reflection on the (Trans) Gender(s) of Saints Mathilde van Dijk Appendix 281 Trans and Genderqueer Studies Terminology, Language, and Usage Guide Index 331 List of Figures Figure 4.1 Mosaic portrait of Ignatios in N. tympanum of the Hagia Sophia 119 The Byzantine Institute, The Byzantine Institute and Dumbarton Oaks Fieldwork Records and Papers, photograph c. late 1920s-2000s, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D.C. Figure 5.1 Psalter and Prayer Book of Bonne of Luxembourg 144 New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters MS. 69.86, fol. 328r. CC0 1.0 Universal Figure 5.2 Psalter and Prayer Book of Bonne of Luxembourg 145 New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters MS. 69.86, fol. 331r. CC0 1.0 Universal Figure 6.1 Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 5204, fol. 87v. 163 Figure 6.2 Brussels, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, MS 9229-30, fol. 61v. 166 Figure 6.3 The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, MS 71A 24, fol. 61v. 167 Figure 6.4 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, MS Clm 10177, fol. 373v. 170 Figure E.1 The Lamentation of Christ 273 Courtesy of the Hôpital Notre Dame à La Rose, Lessen, Belgium Acknowledgements The scholarly networking and initial research that resulted in this collection was sponsored by the Hagiography Society. This volume shares the spirit of many insightful and collaborative research conversations that came about with the Society’s support, and the commitment of these scholars to uncovering what was always already there: trans identities and experiences in medieval hagiography. The editors would like to thank Shannon Cunningham and Amsterdam University Press for their ongoing support for this project, and particularly for their pledge to keep the Terminology, Language and Usage Guide a freely available resource. Gratitude is owed to all those who commented on and contributed to the Guide: friends, colleagues, and anonymous online interlocutors. Any remaining errors or omissions are, of course, our own. We are profoundly grateful to the volume’s contributors for their rigorous scholarship, alongside the trust they have placed in our editorial vision. We are deeply appreciative to Jonah Coman, creator of the volume’s cover image, for lending us a share of his artistic vision. Thanks are due, too, to all those who have paved the way for this volume, including but not limited to: Aren Z. Aizura, Moya Bailey, S. Bear Bergman, Talia Mae Bettcher, Marquis Bey, b. binaohan, Kate Bornstein, John Boswell, Judith Butler, Gabrielle M.W. Bychowski, Bill Burgwinkle, Joan Cadden, B. Camminga, V. Varun Chaudhry, Simone Chess, Carsten Balzer/Carla LaGata, Andrea Long Chu, Jonah Coman, Trystan Cotten, Leah DeVun, Carolyn Dinshaw, Emmett Harsin Drager, Aniruddha Dutta, Lee Edelman, Ruth Evans, Leslie Feinberg, Elizabeth Freeman, Jack Halberstam, Cáel M. Keegan, Anna Kłosowska, Grace Lavery, Karma Lochrie, Clovis Maillet, Robert Mills, Adam Miyashiro, Marcia Ochoa, Mary Rambaran-Olm, Raina Roy, Julia Serano, C. Riley Snorton, Sandy Stone, Susan Stryker, Trudy (@thetrudz), Salvador Vidal-Ortiz, and Karl Whittington. Blake would like to thank the Michigan Society of Fellows, Don Lopez, and Linda Turner for the postdoctoral scholarship that allowed the completion of this project. Enormous gratitude is due to all the interlocutors who shared their time and energy with me and the various elements of this project: Catherine Brown, Bill Burgwinkle, Gabrielle M.W. Bychowski, David Caron, Simone Chess, Shane DuBay, Joey Gamble, Scott Larson, Peggy McCracken, Brendan McMahon, Misha Mihailova, Anthony Revelle, Megan Steffen. I will forever be thankful for Alicia, without whom this project would not exist, and I would be sadder and less wise. ‘Engage.’ 10 TRANS AND GENDERQUEER SUBJECTS IN MEDIEVAL HAGIOGRAPHY Alicia would like to thank the kind, generous souls who have supported this project, and this co-editor, from this collection’s earliest imaginings. Shannon, the best editor a medievalist could want, who, amongst other things, has shown me that Midwest surely is best – if she’s there, Sean and Theo and Stella too. Blake, the best partner an editor could dream of, the best friend anyone could ever ask for. A toast to our handsome sea-faring sons: ‘tea, earl grey, hot.’ Sara, Kamala, Iwona, the people who lift me up when my feet and my feelings seem stuck to the floor, who without sugar-coating or silver-lining remind me of all that blue sky out there and in here too. And Jon, as ever, the eagle to my shark: would you like an egg? Introduction Alicia Spencer-Hall and Blake Gutt Abstract The Introduction sets out the rationale for the collection, and the sig- nificance and scope of trans studies, in the Middle Ages and beyond. It includes concise coverage of key scholarship in the field, contextualizing the volume and its chapters accordingly. It concludes with a chapter-by- chapter snapshot of the collection as a whole, explaining the thematic structures underpinning the volume’s analytical work. Keywords: medieval studies, gender studies, gender theory, trans studies In hir pioneering study, Transgender Warriors, Leslie Feinberg writes: ‘I couldn’t find myself in history. No-one
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