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Bithynia Eyaleti Valileri (Prosopografik Bir Inceleme)

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Bithynia Eyaleti Valileri (Prosopografik Bir Inceleme) T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH (ESKİÇAĞ TARİHİ) ANABİLİM DALI ROMA PRINCIPATUS DÖNEMİ (M.Ö. 27-M.S. 284) BITHYNIA EYALETİ VALİLERİ (PROSOPOGRAFİK BİR İNCELEME) Doktora Tezi Kamil DOĞANCI Ankara-2007 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH (ESKİÇAĞ TARİHİ) ANABİLİM DALI ROMA PRINCIPATUS DÖNEMİ (M.Ö. 27-M.S. 284) BITHYNIA EYALETİ VALİLERİ (PROSOPOGRAFİK BİR İNCELEME) Doktora Tezi Kamil DOĞANCI Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Ömer ÇAPAR Ankara-2007 İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER……………………………………………………………...……….I ÖNSÖZ…………………………………………………..……………………........VI GİRİŞ………………………………………...………………………………..……..1 1. BÖLÜM KAYNAKLARIN TANITIMI……………………………...……..………..……..18 1.1. Edebi Kaynaklar………………………..…………………………...…..18 1.2. Nümizmatik Kaynaklar…………………………………………………37 1.3. Epigrafik Kaynaklar………..…………………………………..……….40 2. BÖLÜM ROMA PROVINCIA SİSTEMİ VE EYALETLERDEKİ ROMALI YÖNETİCİLER........................................................................................................43 2.1. Roma Provincia (Eyalet) Sistemi……………….………..……………..43 2.1.1.Provincia Terimi…………..…………….….………………….........43 2.1.2. Cumhuriyet Döneminde Roma Provincia Sisteminin Gelişimi.……48 2.1.3. Augustus Döneminde Provincia Sisteminin Reorganizasyonu……..50 2.1.4. Augustus Dönemi Sonrasında Provincia Sistemindeki Değişiklikler…………………………………………………………54 2.2. Eyaletlerdeki Romalı Yöneticiler……….……….………………..……58 2.2.1. Eyalet Valileri………………………………………………………58 2.2.2. Vali Yardımcıları……………………………………………..…….64 3. BÖLÜM ROMA DÖNEMİNDE BITHYNIA EYALETİNİN İDARİ YAPISI…………...69 3.1. Nicomedes IV’in Krallığını Vasiyetle Roma’ya Bırakması Sonrasındaki Gelişmeler...……………………………..…………….…...…69 3.2. Lex Pompeia ve Bithynia Eyaletinin Kuruluşu………………………..71 3.3. Eyaletin İsmi Üzerindeki Tartışmalar………………………………....75 3.4. Lex Pompeia’da Yapılan Değişiklikler ve Eyaletin Yönetimi Sorunu…………………………………………………..………………79 3.5. Eyaletin Sınırları………………………………………….…..……..…..90 3.6. Eyalet Meclisi (κοίνον τών έν Βείθυνία Ελλήνών)……....………….…92 3.7. Bithynia Eyaletinde Roma’nın Uyguladığı Mali, Askeri ve Adli Politikalar……………………………………………………………..….97 3.7.1. Mali Uygulamalar………………………………………..….97 3.7.2. Askeri Politikalar………………………………………..…100 3.7.3. Adli Uygulamalar (Bithynia Conventus’u ‘Dioceses’)...…104 4. BÖLÜM CIVITATES PROVINCIAE BITHYNIAE…………………………………….107 4.1. Antik Kaynaklara Göre Bithynia’daki Civitates’ler………………..107 4.2. Eyalet Valisinin Tam Denetimi Altındaki Civitates’ler…………......116 4.2.1. Nicomedia…………………………………………………………116 4.2.2. Nicaea…………………………………………………………..…122 4.2.3. Prusa …………….………………………………………………...130 4.2.4. Prusias ad Mare (Cius)………………………………………….…135 4.2.5. Bithynium (Claudiopolis)…………………………………………139 4.2.6. Prusias ad Hypium…………………………………………...……141 4.2.7. Iuliopolis………………………………………………………..…144 4.2.8. Cretia Flaviopolis………………………………………………….145 4.2.9. Caesarea-Germanicopolis…………………………………………146 4.3. Bithynia Eyaletindeki Coloniae Statüsündeki Kentler...…………….149 4.3.1. Myrleia (Apamea)…………………………………………………149 4.4. Bithynia’daki Bağımsız Kentler (Civitas Libera)………………….…152 4.4.1. Chalcedon…………………………………………………………153 II 4.4.2. Byzantium…………………………………………………………157 5. BÖLÜM ROMA PRINCIPATUS DÖNEMİNDE BITHYNIA EYALETİ VALİLERİNE PROSOPOGRAFİK BAKIŞ (M.Ö. 27-M.S. 284)....………………………...….158 5.1. PROCONSUL UNVANLI VALİLER (M.Ö. 27-M.S. 165 ?)……..…161 5.1.1. Prosopografik Bölüm…………………………………………….161 5.1.1.1. Thorius Flaccus (M.Ö. 29/28 veya 28/27)………………….…161 5.1.1.2. Appius Claudius Pulcher (M.Ö. ca. 27/26)…………….……….163 5.1.1.3. C. Marcius Censorinus (M.Ö. ca. 14/13)……………………….167 5.1.1.4. L. Licinius …? (M.S. ca. 11/12)………………………….…….169 5.1.1.5. M. Ota[cilius Crassus ?] (Augustus Dönemi)…………………170 5.1.1.6. M. Granius Marcellus (M.S. 14–15)……………………………171 5.1.1.7. P. Vitellius (M.S. 17–18)………………………………………175 5.1.1.8. L. Mindius Pollio (M.S. ca. 41–47 ?)……….………….………179 5.1.1.9. L. Dunius Severus (M.S. 42/43 ?)…………...…………………182 5.1.1.10. L. Mindius Balbus (M.S. ca. 43-47)……………….…...……183 5.1.1.11. C. Cadius Rufus (M.S. 47-48)……………………….….……184 5.1.1.12. P. Pasidienus Firmus (M.S. 48/49 ve 49/50)…………….......188 5.1.1.13. Attius Laco (M.S. 54–55) (?)……………………………...…191 5.1.1.14. M. Tarquitius Priscus (M.S. 59–60 ?)………………………....194 5.1.1.15. T. Petronius Niger (?) (M.S. 61/62 ?)………...………...……197 5.1.1.16. L. Venuleius (?) Montanus (M.S. ca. 63) …………………..…199 5.1.1.17. M. Plancius Varus (M.S. 70-71 ? ve 71–72 ?)……………….200 5.1.1.18. M. Maecius Rufus (M.S. 72-73)………………………..……208 5.1.1.19. M. Salvidienus Proculus (M.S. ca. 75–76)……………………210 5.1.1.20. M. Salvidienus Asprenas (M.S. ca. 76–77)…………………...212 5.1.1.21. Velius Paulus (M.S. ca. 79–80)…………………………….…214 5.1.1.22. L. Minicius Rufus (M.S. 81–82 ?)…………………...………215 5.1.1.23. A. Bucius Lappius Maximus (M.S. 82–83 ?)………………....217 5.1.1.24. Ti. Iulius Ti. F. Celsus Polemaeanus (M.S. ca. 83–84)………219 III 5.1.1.25. L. Iulius Marinus (M.S. 88–89 veya 89–90)…………………220 5.1.1.26. Tullius Iustus (M.S. 96–97 ?)…………………………………221 5.1.1.27. C. Iulius Bassus (M.S. 98-99? veya M.S. 101/102?)……...….222 5.1.1.28. Varenus Rufus (M.S. 105–106)……………………………….226 5.1.1.29. Ancius Maximus (M.S. 108-109’dan önce)……………….…230 5.1.1.30. P. Servilius Calvus (M.S. 108–109)……………………..……231 5.1.1.31. C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus (leg. pr. pr. consulari potestat.) (M.S. ca. 109–111 veya 111-113?)…………………..………232 5.1.1.32. C. Iulius [---] Cornutus Tertullus (leg. pr. pr.) (M.S. 111? 114– 115 ?)…………………………………………...……………239 5.1.1.33. Q. Cornelius Senecio Annianus (Hadrianus dönemi)…………243 5.1.1.34. C. Iulius Severus (M.S. 135?) …………………………...……244 5.1.1.35. Q. Voconius Saxa Fidus (M.S. 142-143?)………………….…250 5.1.1.36. Adı Belirlenemiyor (M.S. 124–146)………………………..…253 5.1.1.37. L. Coelius Festus (M.S. 146–147?)…………………………...253 5.1.1.38. Adı Belirlenemiyor (M.S. ca. 156–158)………………………254 5.1.1.39. M. Roscius Murena (M.S. ca. 161–162)………………………255 5.1.1.40. Adı ve Tarihi Belirlenemiyor…………………..………….…256 5.1.1.41. Adı ve Tarihi Belirlenemiyor………………………….………256 5.1.2. Değerlendirme……………………………………………………257 5.1.2.1. Bithynia-Pontus Eyaleti Proconsul’lerinin Kronolojik Listesi…………………………………………………………..257 5.1.2.2. Pontus Bithynia Eyaleti Proconsul’lerinin Coğrafi Kökenleri………………...…………………………..…………260 5.2. LEGATI AUGUSTI PRO PRAETORE UNVANLI VALİLER (M.S. 165-284)……………………………………………………..…………262 5.2.1. Prosopografik Bölüm…………………………………………….262 5.2.1.1. L. Hedius Lollianus Avitus (M.S. ca. 162/163-164/165 veya 165/166) ……………………………….………………………..262 IV 5.2.1.2. L. Albinus Saturninus (M.S. ca. 180)………………...………..265 5.2.1.3. [---] Severus (M.S. ca. 183/184-185/186)……………………...267 5.2.1.4. M. Didius Severus lulianus (M.S. ca. 186/187-187/188)……..268 5.2.1.5. L. Fabius Cilo Septimus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus (M.S. ca. 194)……………………………………………..……272 5.2.1.6. Q. Tieneius Sacerdos (M.S. ca. 197/198-198/199 )………..…...277 5.2.1.7. M. Claudius Demetrius (M.S. ca. 199-202 veya 205-211)……279 5.2.1.8. Ti. Claudius Callippianus Italicus (M.S. ca. 202–205)………..282 5.2.1.9. Aelius Antipater (Severus zamanında) (M.S. ca. 205-211)……283 5.2.1.10. C. Cladius Attalus Paterculianus (M.S. 193-214)………...….285 5.2.1.11. Caecilius Aristo (M.S. 215/216 ?–217/218)…………..………286 5.2.1.12. Claudius Aelius Pollio ? (M.S. 218)…………………….……287 5.2.1.13. L. Egnatius Victor Lollianus (M.S. ca. 227-230)……………289 5.2.1.14. C. Furius Sabinus Aquila Timesitheus (M.S. ca. 235-236)….293 5.2.1.15. M. Aurelius Artemidorus (M.S. ca. 245/246–247/248)….…..296 5.2.1.16. Velleius Macrinus ( ca 269)……………………………...……297 5.2.1.17. M. Clodius Pupienus Maximus (?)……….………………...…299 5.2.1.20. D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (?)……………………………...300 5.2.2. Değerlendirme……………………………………………………303 5.2.2.1. Bithynia-Pontus Eyaletindeki Legati Augusti Pro Praetore Unvanlı Valilerin Kronolojik Listesi…………...…..……..……303 5.2.2.2. Bithynia-Pontus Eyaletindeki Legati Augusti Pro Praetore Unvanlı Valilerin Coğrafi Kökenleri…………………………...306 SONUÇ………………………………………………………….………………...308 KISALTMALAR VE KAYNAKÇA………………..……………....…………...313 ÖZET…………………………………………………………………………...…362 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………..……...…363 V ÖNSÖZ Lisans öğrenimimden sonra Uludağ Üniversitesi Tarih Bölüm başkanı Prof. Dr. Yusuf Oğuzoğlu’nun teşvikleriyle Eskiçağ Tarihi alanında Yüksek Lisans yapmaya karar verdim. Yüksek Lisans tez konum “Nümizmatik ve Epigrafik Kaynakların Işığında Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde Bithynia’nın Sosyo- Ekonomik Durumu (Augustus’tan Diocletianus’a kadar)” idi. Yüksek Lisans tezimi hazırlarken Prof. Dr. Ömer Çapar’ın büyük desteğini gördüm. Doktora tez konumu da Prof. Dr. Ömer Çapar’ın önerisiyle seçtim. Başlangıçta Bithynia eyaletindeki tüm kamu görevlilerini ele almayı plandım. Ancak kaynak taramasına başladığım zaman konunun çok geniş olduğunun farkına vardım. Bu nedenle tez danışmanım sayın Prof. Dr. Ömer Çapar’ın da onayıyla tez konusunu Bithynia eyaleti valileriyle sınırlandırdık. Tezimin prosopografik bir çalışma olmasından dolayı çok geniş bir kaynak taraması yapmak zorunda kaldım. Sadece Bithynia eyaleti yazıtlarını değil hemen hemen tüm Roma dönemi yazıtlarını taradım. Özellikle cursus honorum yazıtları tezim açısından önemli bilgiler sağladı. Yine aynı şekilde nümizmatik malzemeleri de gözden geçirdim. Son yıllardaki teknolojik gelişmeler sonucunda bilimsel araştırmalarda internet kullanımı neredeyse zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Özellikle eskiçağ tarihi araştırmaları açısından internet ortamı birçok nümizmatik, epigrafik ve edebi kaynağa çok rahat ulaşmamı sağladı. Ayrıca yine üniversitemizin üye olduğu JSTOR adlı periyodik sayesinde Journal of Roman Studies, Journal
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