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John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France
John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France David Loudon General University Honors Professor Robert Griffith, Faculty Advisor American University, Spring 2010 1 John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France Abstract This paper examines the split of the Federalist Party and subsequent election defeat in 1800 through the views of John Adams and Alexander Hamilton on the Quasi-War with France. More specifically, I will be focusing on what caused their split on the French issue. I argue that the main source of conflict between the two men was ideological differences on parties in contemporary American politics. While Adams believed that there were two parties in America and his job was to remain independent of both, Hamilton saw only one party (the Republicans), and believed that it was the goal of all “real” Americans to do whatever was needed to defeat that faction. This ideological difference between the two men resulted in their personal disdain for one another and eventually their split on the French issue. Introduction National politics in the early American republic was a very uncertain venture. The founding fathers had no historical precedents to rely upon. The kind of government created in the American constitution had never been attempted in the Western World; it was a piecemeal system designed in many ways more to gain individual state approval than for practical implementation. Furthermore, while the fathers knew they wanted opposition within their political system, they rejected political parties as evil and dangerous to the public good. This tension between the belief in opposition and the rejection of party sentiment led to confusion and high tensions during the early American republic. -
The Pulitzer Prizes 2020 Winne
WINNERS AND FINALISTS 1917 TO PRESENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Excerpts from the Plan of Award ..............................................................2 PULITZER PRIZES IN JOURNALISM Public Service ...........................................................................................6 Reporting ...............................................................................................24 Local Reporting .....................................................................................27 Local Reporting, Edition Time ..............................................................32 Local General or Spot News Reporting ..................................................33 General News Reporting ........................................................................36 Spot News Reporting ............................................................................38 Breaking News Reporting .....................................................................39 Local Reporting, No Edition Time .......................................................45 Local Investigative or Specialized Reporting .........................................47 Investigative Reporting ..........................................................................50 Explanatory Journalism .........................................................................61 Explanatory Reporting ...........................................................................64 Specialized Reporting .............................................................................70 -
The Vice Presidential Bust Collection Brochure, S
Henry Wilson Garfield. Although his early political success had design for the American buffalo nickel. More than (1812–1875) ⓲ been through the machine politics of New York, 25 years after sculpting the Roosevelt bust, Fraser Daniel Chester French, Arthur surprised critics by fighting political created the marble bust of Vice President John 1886 corruption. He supported the first civil service Nance Garner for the Senate collection. THE Henry Wilson reform, and his administration was marked by epitomized the honesty and efficiency. Because he refused to Charles G. Dawes American Dream. engage in partisan politics, party regulars did not (1865–1951) VICE PRESIDENTIAL Born to a destitute nominate him in 1884. Jo Davidson, 1930 family, at age 21 he Prior to World War I, BUST COLLECTION Sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens originally walked to a nearby Charles Dawes was a declined to create Arthur’s official vice presidential town and began a lawyer, banker, and bust, citing his own schedule and the low business as a cobbler. Wilson soon embarked on politician in his native commission the Senate offered. Eventually he a career in politics, and worked his way from the Ohio. During the war, reconsidered, and delivered the finished work in Massachusetts legislature to the U.S. Senate. In a he became a brigadier politically turbulent era, he shifted political parties 1892. One of America’s best known sculptors, Saint-Gaudens also created the statue of Abraham general and afterwards several times, but maintained a consistent stand headed the Allied against slavery throughout his career. Wilson was Lincoln in Chicago’s Lincoln Park and the design reparations commission. -
The Civil War
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ The Civil War W elcome! Travel with us to a time when the United States was almost divided in two and brother fought against brother. By choosing this study, you are about to offer your child a hands-on look at this amazing history! Our history studies are focused on capturing the child’s attention with short, concise reading lessons and several hands-on projects that will drive each lesson home in a creative way. The “twaddle-free” projects are designed to encourage penmanship, vocabulary, creative writing and composition, critical thinking, and imagination. With over forty Lap BookTM, notebook, and cooking projects—as well as games and other activities—you have a wide variety of choices to capture your child’s interest! Each lesson includes fact-filled, engaging text, created to be all you need for a compact assignment. Should you or your child wish to expound on a subject, a variety of books, videos, and further avenues of research are available in the “Additional Resources” section. This study can also act as an excellent accompaniment to any American history program. You will want to print out all the Teacher Helps beforehand and brief yourself on the lessons and supplies needed. A one-page Lesson Plan Schedule is offered for ease of seeing at a glance what’s coming in each lesson, allowing you to prepare ahead of time. You will want to preview the Project Pages in advance to help you with gathering the materials for the projects you choose to do. Most of the supplies are household items you will have around the house. -
Fascinating Facts About the Founding Fathers
The Founding Fathers: Fascinating Facts (Continued) Fascinating Facts About The Founding Fathers Once Gouverneur Morris was offered a bet of one Thomas Jefferson has been described as a(n): dinner if he would approach George Washington, agriculturalist, anthropologist, architect, astronomer, slap him on the back and give him a friendly greet- bibliophile, botanist, classicist, diplomat, educator, ing. He wanted to show people how “close” he ethnologist, farmer, geographer, gourmet, horseman, was to the “chief.” Morris carried out the bet, but horticulturist, inventor, lawyer, lexicographer, linguist, later admitted that after seeing the cold stare from mathematician, meteorologist, musician, naturalist, Washington, he wouldn’t do it again for a thousand numismatist, paleontologist, philosopher, political dinners! philosopher, scientist, statesman, violinist, writer. ___________________ He was also fluent in Greek, Latin, French, Spanish, Italian, and German! George Washington was born on February 11, ___________________ 1732, but in 1751 Great Britain changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. An act of Parlia- Upon graduating from Harvard, John Adams became ment added eleven days to make the adjustment a grammar school teacher. “My little school, like complete and in 1752 Washington celebrated his the great world, is made up of Kings, politicians, birthday on February 22! divines, fops, buffoons, fiddlers, fools, coxcombs, ___________________ sycophants, chimney sweeps, and every other character I see in the world. I would rather sit in Of the Founding Fathers who became president, school and consider which of my pupils will turn out only George Washington did not go to college. John be a hero, and which a rake, which a philosopher Adams graduated from Harvard, James Madison and which a parasite, than to have an income of a graduated from Princeton, and Thomas Jefferson thousand pounds a year.” attended the College of William and Mary. -
The President Also Had to Consider the Proper Role of an Ex * President
************************************~ * * * * 0 DB P H0 F E8 8 0 B, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The little-known * * story of how * a President of the * United States, Beniamin Harrison, helped launch Stanford law School. ************************************* * * * T H E PRESIDENT * * * * * * * * * * * * By Howard Bromberg, J.D. * * * TANFORD'S first professor of law was a former President of the United * States. This is a distinction that no other school can claim. On March 2, 1893, * L-41.,_, with two days remaining in his administration, President Benjamin Harrison * * accepted an appointment as Non-Resident Professor of Constitutional Law at * Stanford University. * Harrison's decision was a triumph for the fledgling western university and its * * founder, Leland Stanford, who had personally recruited the chief of state. It also * provided a tremendous boost to the nascent Law Department, which had suffered * months of frustration and disappointment. * David Starr Jordan, Stanford University's first president, had been planning a law * * program since the University opened in 1891. He would model it on the innovative * approach to legal education proposed by Woodrow Wilson, Jurisprudence Profes- * sor at Princeton. Law would be taught simultaneously with the social sciences; no * * one would be admitted to graduate legal studies who was not already a college * graduate; and the department would be thoroughly integrated with the life and * * ************************************** ************************************* * § during Harrison's four difficult years * El in the White House. ~ In 1891, Sena tor Stanford helped ~ arrange a presidential cross-country * train tour, during which Harrison * visited and was impressed by the university campus still under con * struction. When Harrison was * defeated by Grover Cleveland in the 1892 election, it occurred to Senator * Stanford to invite his friend-who * had been one of the nation's leading lawyers before entering the Senate * to join the as-yet empty Stanford law * faculty. -
“Gone for a Soldier”: the Civil War Letters of Charles Harding Cox Contributed by Mrs
“Gone for a Soldier”: The Civil War Letters of Charles Harding Cox Contributed by Mrs. Caroline Cox Wyatt* Edited by Lorna Lutes Sylvester In January, 1864, Charles Harding Cox wrote his sister in Indianapolis, Indiana : “Was it patriotism, belligerant spirit, or tired of home that induced me to enlist. I am sure it was not the last and for the life of me can not think why I came for a ‘sojer’.’’ Such a statement was unusual for Cox whose exhuberance and enthusiasm carried him through almost three years of service in the Seventieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the Civil War, and a few lines later he reassured his sister: “Katie! I was a fool for writing the above and did not think while writing it . You must not think I am having a rough time, as no soldiers have ever seen a more easy and pleasant time than the Seventieth Indiana . .” Cox had thoroughly enjoyed his first eighteen months in the army. From August, 1862, to January, 1864, most of his time had been spent guarding trains and performing picket duty near Bowling Green, Kentucky, and Gallatin, Murfreesboro, and Nashville, Tennes- see? He had frequently received “bids” to dances and parties and thought southern girls “far more agreeable and sociable than those at home.” Yet, as Cox warned his sister, the Seventieth Indiana in January, 1864, had been assigned to a new corps “in the extreme front” and the real “tug of war” was to come. As part of the First Brigade, Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps the Seventieth Indiana participated in the Atlanta campaign and Major General William T. -
The Stamp Act Crisis (1765)
Click Print on your browser to print the article. Close this window to return to the ANB Online. Adams, John (19 Oct. 1735-4 July 1826), second president of the United States, diplomat, and political theorist, was born in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, the son of John Adams (1691-1760), a shoemaker, selectman, and deacon, and Susanna Boylston. He claimed as a young man to have indulged in "a constant dissipation among amusements," such as swimming, fishing, and especially shooting, and wished to be a farmer. However, his father insisted that he follow in the footsteps of his uncle Joseph Adams, attend Harvard College, and become a clergyman. John consented, applied himself to his studies, and developed a passion for learning but refused to become a minister. He felt little love for "frigid John Calvin" and the rigid moral standards expected of New England Congregationalist ministers. John Adams. After a painting by Gilbert Stuart. Adams was also ambitious to make more of a figure than could Courtesy of the Library of Congress (LC- USZ62-13002 DLC). be expected in the local pulpits. So despite the disadvantages of becoming a lawyer, "fumbling and racking amidst the rubbish of writs . pleas, ejectments" and often fomenting "more quarrels than he composes," enriching "himself at the expense of impoverishing others more honest and deserving," Adams fixed on the law as an avenue to "glory" through obtaining "the more important offices of the State." Even in his youth, Adams was aware he possessed a "vanity," which he sought to sublimate in public service: "Reputation ought to be the perpetual subject of my thoughts, and the aim of my behaviour." Adams began reading law with attorney James Putnam in Worcester immediately after graduation from Harvard College in 1755. -
Charles W. Fairbanks Letter, 17 February 1899
Collection # SC 2640 CHARLES W. FAIRBANKS LETTER, 17 FEBRUARY 1899 Collection Information Biographical Sketch Scope and Content Note Cataloging Information Processed by Chris Harter 31 December 1997 Revised 16 May 2002 Updated 9 March 2004 Manuscript and Visual Collections Department William Henry Smith Memorial Library Indiana Historical Society 450 West Ohio Street Indianapolis, IN 46202-3269 www.indianahistory.org COLLECTION INFORMATION VOLUME OF 1 folder COLLECTION: COLLECTION 17 February 1899 DATES: PROVENANCE: Remember When Auctions, P.O. Box 1829, Wells, ME 04090, 24 October 1997 RESTRICTIONS: None COPYRIGHT: REPRODUCTION Permission to reproduce or publish material in this collection RIGHTS: must be obtained from the Indiana Historical Society. ALTERNATE None FORMATS: RELATED M 0100, Charles Warren Fairbanks Papers; BV 1150–1169, HOLDINGS: Charles W. Fairbanks Collection; SC 0550, William E. English Will and Testament; SC 1654, William E. English Letter ACCESSION 1998.0038 NUMBER: NOTES: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Charles Warren Fairbanks (1852–1918), the son of Lorsiton M. and Mary A. (Smith) Fairbanks, was born in a log cabin near Unionville Center, Ohio. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1872, and three years later received a master's degree from the same institution. Through the influence of his uncle William Henry Smith he obtained a position with the Associated Press, serving in its Pittsburgh and Cleveland offices from 1872 to 1874. At the same time he managed to study law and to be admitted to the bar in 1874. In the same year he married Cornelia Cole (1852–1913), a college classmate, and moved to Indianapolis. They had five children: Adelaide (1875 or 1876– 1961), Warren Charles (1878–1938), Frederick C. -
Immumeamp!"'"-17."---77
REPOR TRESUMES ED 017 280 LI 000 063 SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CENTERFEASIBILITY STUDY. FINAL. REPORT. PENNSYLVANIA STATE LIBRARYMONOGRAPH NO. 4.. BY- VANN., SARAH K. PENNSYLVANIA STATE LIBRARY,HARRISBURG PUB DATE 67 EDRS PRICE MF -$1.25 HC411.60 268P. UESCRIPTORS- *BOOK CATALOGS, *CENTRALIZATION,*LIBRARY ACQUISITION,. *LIBRARY MATERIAL SELECTION, *LIBRARYTECHNICAL PROCESSES, CATALOGING, CLASSIFICATION, FEASIBILITYSTUDIES, LIBRARY COOPERATION, PUBLIC LIBRARIES, BLACKGOLD COOPERATIVE . LIBRARY SYSTEM, PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIADISTRICT LIBRARY CENTER, THIS STUDY IS CONCERNED WITH CENTRALIZED PROCESSING -- NAMELY, THE ORDERING, CATALOGING,CLASSIFICATION, .AND 'PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF LIBRARYMATERIALS, WHATEVER THE FORMAT, IN THE LIBRARIES OF THE PHILADELPHIALIBRARY DISTRICT. DATA FROM QUESTIONNAIRES SENT TOTHE LIBRARIES OF THE DISTRICT WAS ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THEFEASIBILITY OF ESTABLISHING A CENTRALIZED PROCESSING CENTER INSOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. IN ADDITION, APPRAISAL WAS MADE OFSEVERAL EXISTING PROGRAMS AND SUCH-CENTERS IN OTHERSTATES. VISITS WERE MADE.TO FOURTEEN OJT-OF -STATE CENTERS AS WELL AS THE DXSTRICT. LIBRARIES. THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT ACENTRALIZED PROCESSING CENTER FOR THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARYDISTRICT SHOULD NOT BE CREATED AND RECOMMENDS THAT APLAN FOR STATE -WIDE CENTRALIZED CATALOGING ANDCLASSIFICATION PROGRAM FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES SHOULD BE INITIATED.APPENDIXES INCLUDE (A) DATA COLLECTED FOR THIS STUDY, (B)DESCRIPTION OF CENTRALIZED PROCESSING PROGRAMS AND/OR CENTERSIN THE UNITED STATES, AC) AGREEMENTS/CONTRACTS RELATING TOSUCH PROGRAMS, ID) DETAILED OPERATION OF THE BLACK GOLDCOOPERATIVE LIBRARY SYSTEM PROCESSING CENTER, AND FINALLY,(E) COST DATA ON BOOK CATALOGS. A SUMMARY OF.THIS REPORT APPEARS IN"LIBRARY RESOURCES AND TECHNICAL SERVICES," FALL, 1966,PAGES 461 -478. (PTY. immumeamp!"'"-17."----77 LT000 +0(:)3 002204 CO r-i O LLI SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CENTER by SARAH K. VANN PENNSYLVANIA STATE LIBRARY MONOGRAPH No. -
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams in the Newberry Collection
QUICK GUIDE Thomas Jefferson and John Adams in the Newberry Collection How to Use Our Collection At the Newberry, an independent research library, readers do not borrow books to take home, but consult rare books, manuscripts, and other materials here. We welcome researchers who are at least 14 years old or in the ninth grade. Visit https://requests.newberry.org to create a reader account and start exploring our collection. When you arrive at the Newberry for research, a free reader card will be issued to you in the Welcome Center on the first floor. Find further information about our collection and public programs at www.newberry.org. Questions? Contact the reference desk at (312) 255-3506 or [email protected]. Manuscripts and Correspondence of Adams and Jefferson Herbert R. Strauss Collection of Adams Family Letters, manuscript Jefferson provides advice to William 1763-1829. Includes 17 letters written by John Short, his private secretary in Paris, for Short’s Adams, Abigail Adams, John Quincy Adams, and travels in Italy. He also requests favors from Short, Samuel Adams; recipients include James Madison including the purchase of books, wine, and a pasta- and Dr. Benjamin Rush. Call # Vault Case MS 6A 81 maker. Call # Vault Mi Adams, John. Letter to John Jay, December 19, 1800. The Papers of John Adams. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Upon the resignation of Oliver Ellsworth from the Press of Harvard University Press, 1977-<2016>. The office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, series “General Correspondence and Other Papers of President Adams sent this letter to Jay advising him the Adams Statesmen,” in 19 volumes to date, cover of his renomination to that office. -
Volunteers Work to Fight Foreclosures ■ by Jeff Lyons
Philadelphia ® The Monthly Newspaper of the Philadelphia Bar Association Vol. 37, No. 7 July 2008 Women in the Profession Summit Volunteers Work to Fight Foreclosures ■ By Jeff Lyons P’ to help low-income home- owners facing mortgage foreclosures has received national attention. “I was at a big seminar in Dallas about the subprime mortgage crisis and one of the panelists held up a copy s n of !e Wall Street Journal o y L f f that had an article talking e J y b about our efforts here in o t o Judge C. Darnell Jones II h Philadelphia,” Philadelphia P U.S. District Court Judge Petrese B. Tucker (from left) discusses communication across the gender Court of Common Pleas gap as U.S. Court of Appeals Judge Dolores K. Sloviter and Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas Judge President Judge C. Darnell Jones II recalled. Frederica A. Massiah-Jackson look on at the First Women in the Profession Summit on June 18. The “/ey wanted me to talk about it. I told them the pro opening panel also included U.S. District Court Senior Judge Norma L. Shapiro, Judge Diane M. Welsh, bono community was the backbone in the effort. And Court of Common Pleas Judge Marlene F. Lachman and moderator Lynn A. Marks. The program includ- ed keynote remarks by Comcast’s Charisse Lillie. For more coverage, see Page 8. they were in awe. /ey couldn’t believe it would hap- continued on page 16 Get Practice Help With LPM Referral In This Issue 2 Chancellor’s Forum ■ By Jeff Lyons Size Firm Committee as well as Technol- to draft an agreement or where to go for ogy, Financial Management, Business a technology issue or any of those types 6 Image Conscious O Management and Marketing are all of things, you contact the Bar Associa- of Bar Association membership is the committees that fall under the umbrella tion and they will put you in touch with 9 Networking Advice Law Practice Management Division.