REPOR TRESUMES ED 017 280 LI 000 063 SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CENTERFEASIBILITY STUDY. FINAL. REPORT. PENNSYLVANIA STATE LIBRARYMONOGRAPH NO. 4.. BY- VANN., SARAH K. PENNSYLVANIA STATE LIBRARY,HARRISBURG PUB DATE 67 EDRS PRICE MF -$1.25 HC411.60 268P.
UESCRIPTORS- *BOOK CATALOGS, *CENTRALIZATION,*LIBRARY ACQUISITION,. *LIBRARY MATERIAL SELECTION, *LIBRARYTECHNICAL PROCESSES, CATALOGING, CLASSIFICATION, FEASIBILITYSTUDIES, LIBRARY COOPERATION, PUBLIC LIBRARIES, BLACKGOLD COOPERATIVE . LIBRARY SYSTEM, PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIADISTRICT LIBRARY CENTER,
THIS STUDY IS CONCERNED WITH CENTRALIZED PROCESSING -- NAMELY, THE ORDERING, CATALOGING,CLASSIFICATION, .AND 'PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF LIBRARYMATERIALS, WHATEVER THE FORMAT, IN THE LIBRARIES OF THE PHILADELPHIALIBRARY DISTRICT. DATA FROM QUESTIONNAIRES SENT TOTHE LIBRARIES OF THE DISTRICT WAS ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THEFEASIBILITY OF ESTABLISHING A CENTRALIZED PROCESSING CENTER INSOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. IN ADDITION, APPRAISAL WAS MADE OFSEVERAL EXISTING PROGRAMS AND SUCH-CENTERS IN OTHERSTATES. VISITS WERE MADE.TO FOURTEEN OJT-OF -STATE CENTERS AS WELL AS THE DXSTRICT. LIBRARIES. THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT ACENTRALIZED PROCESSING CENTER FOR THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARYDISTRICT SHOULD NOT BE CREATED AND RECOMMENDS THAT APLAN FOR STATE -WIDE CENTRALIZED CATALOGING ANDCLASSIFICATION PROGRAM FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES SHOULD BE INITIATED.APPENDIXES INCLUDE (A) DATA COLLECTED FOR THIS STUDY, (B)DESCRIPTION OF CENTRALIZED PROCESSING PROGRAMS AND/OR CENTERSIN THE UNITED STATES, AC) AGREEMENTS/CONTRACTS RELATING TOSUCH PROGRAMS, ID) DETAILED OPERATION OF THE BLACK GOLDCOOPERATIVE LIBRARY SYSTEM PROCESSING CENTER, AND FINALLY,(E) COST DATA ON BOOK CATALOGS. A SUMMARY OF.THIS REPORT APPEARS IN"LIBRARY RESOURCES AND TECHNICAL SERVICES," FALL, 1966,PAGES 461 -478. (PTY.
immumeamp!"'"-17."----77 LT000 +0(:)3 002204 CO r-i O
LLI SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CENTER
by SARAH K. VANN
PENNSYLVANIA STATE LIBRARY MONOGRAPH No. 4 '.7.-_Atiktev_emaro.-ykt,wmoce*,r,1-1.7
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE
OFFICE OF EDUCATION
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM THE
PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS
STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICEOF EDUCATION
POSITION OR POLICY.
SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY
FINAL REPORT
Sponsoredk by the Philadelphia District Library Center (Free Library of Philadelphia)
by Sarah K. Vann
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION PENNSYLVANIA STATE LIBRARY. 1967
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE
1 OFFICE OF EDUCATION
THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR 016AWIATION ORIGINATING I!.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL eina OF EDUCATION POSITION OR PUY. ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Miss Dorothy Bendix Miss Helen D. Hutchinson Associate Professor Deputy Director Graduate School of Library Science Free Library of Philadelphia Drexel Institute of Technology Philadelphia Miss Mary Linn McCulloch Librarian (Resigned) Miss Margaret C. Brown Abington Library Society Chief, Processing Division Jenkintown Free Library of Philadelphia
Miss Evelyn Hensel Mr. A, Hunter Rineer, Jr. Assistant Librarian Executive Director Pennsylvania State University Lower Merion Library Association University Park Ardmore
Mr. Donald A. Riechmann Secretary Coordinator of District Services Free Library of Philadelphia
Miss Eleanor Campion Chairman Director, Union Catalogue of Philadelphia Metropolitan Area
EX-OFFICIO
Mr. Ernest E. Doerschuk, Jr. Mrs. Miriam Hearne State Librarian Director Harrisburg Chester County Library West Chester
Mrs. Pearl Frankenfield Mrs. Meredith R. Smith Director Director Norristown Public Library Bucks County Free Library Doylestown
Mr. Emerson Greenaway Director Free Library of Philadelphia ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It is my pleasure toacknowledge my indebtedness tothe following, each of whom contributed in a special wayto the completionof the Study: To the Directors and/orAdministrators of the centralizedprocessing centers and/or programs who generouslyshared, with disarmingfrankness, their documents, time, and thoughts. To Mr. Charles O'Halloran,State Librarian, Missouri StateLibrary, who gra- ciously permitted the use ofthe responses to the Missouriquestionnaire, "Survey of Processing Centersin the United States." To the Philadelphia Districtlibrarians who, through theirinterest and coop- eration, provided much of thedata for Part I. To the Advisory Committeewhose responsive encouragementfurthered the development of the Study. To the Free Library ofPhiladelphia, particularly Miss MargaretC. Brown, Chief, Prolcessing Division, forher perceptive insight andguidance and to Mr. Emerson Greenaway,Director, for sharing his inspirationalvision of the district library concept. To Mr. Donald A. Riechmann,Coordinator, District Library Services,Free Library of Philadelphia, for thesecretarial services of his Office,for the distribution of the inquiries, and forhis infectious optimismthroughout all phases of the Study. To Miss Wilma W. Waite,University of California, Berkeley,for her interest, encouragement, andstatistical and editorial assistance duringthe final stages of the Study.
SAXAH K. VANN TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I.CENTRALIZED PROCESSINGFOR THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARYDISTRICT Page Chapter
I.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1
II. THE DISTRICT' LIBRARY IN THEPENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY PRO- 2 GRAM The Program Centralized Processing Within the State Within District Centers Observations
III. THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARYDISTRICT 8 The District Library Center The District Libraries From annual reports Within the libraries
IV. TOWARD A BOOK CATALOG F O R THEPHILADELPHIA DISTRICT .. 18 Titles from District Libraries Representation of Titles in the Catalog ofBooks Variations in Cataloging and Classification
CONCLUSIONS OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY 26
PART II. CENTRALIZEDPROCESSING: AN APPRAISAL OF SOME EXISTING PROGRAMSAND/OR CENTERS
V.CENTRALIZED PROCESSING: TOWARD REALITY 27 Introduction Re-evaluation In Missouri In New York In other states
VI.CENTRALIZED PROCESSING: CENTERS ANDSERVICES BY TYPE .. 33 The Autonomous Structure The Neo-Departmental Structure Within a local library Within a county library. Within a state library The Multiple Service CenterEncompassing Processing Summary Comment
ha TABLE OF CONTENTSContinued Chapter Page
VII.CHARACTERISTICS: LEGAL AND FINANCIAL 39 Legal Structure and Governing Bodies Financial Structure Income from members Income from subsidies Expenditures and Cost Studies
VIII.CHARACTERISTICS: INTERNAL ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY 46 Administrative Organization Staff Membership and Volumes Processed
IX.CHARACTERISTICS: MEMBERSHIP 57 Types of Member Libraries Including schools Including other types The future Book Budgets of and Books Processed for Member Libraries Distance of Member Libraries from Centers Participant Satisfaction Agreements Signed by Member Libraries
X.CHARACTERISTICS: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 62 Location, Quarters, and Floor Plans Equipment Observations and recommentiations Toward automation
XI. FROM THE CENTER: BOOK SELECTION GUIDANCE 74 Kinds of Selection Book Selection Sources Within state libraries Within the New York Systems Within member libraries Similarities of lists Book Selection Service from Centers Selection in the Wayne County Library System, Michigan Selection in the Pioneer Library System, New York Observations and Recommendations
XII. WITHIN THE CENTER: ORDERING 83 Introduction Types of materials to be ordered through the centers Types of materials not generally ordered through the centers Orders from Member Libraries Single title ordering Concurrent title ordering vi TABLE OFCONTENTSContinued Page Chapter
Order Forms Ordering ProceduresWithin Centers Some Special Aspectsof Ordering Observations andRecommendations
CENTER: CATALOGING ANDCLASSIFICATION POL- XIII. WITHIN THE 97 ICIES ANDPROCEDURES Descriptive Cataloging Subject Cataloging Classification Cutter Numbers
CENTERS AND MEM- XIV. CATALOGING ANDCLASSIFICATIONS: WITHIN 105 BER LIBRARIES Introduction Custom cataloging Standardized cataloging Cataloging Within Centers Cataloging Within MemberLibraries Commercial Processing andProcessing Center Services The Card CatalogWithin Member Libraries Toward the Book Catalogfor Member Libraries In California In New York State In North Carolina Cost of book catalogs Observations andRecommendations
XV. WITHIN THECENTER:PROCESSING (PHYSICALPREPARATION) 117 OF MATERIALS Introduction Processing Procedures Cost of processingwithin centers Variations in processingpermitted Processing Within MemberLibraries Observations and Recommendations
121 XVI. FROM THE CENTER:DELIVERY AND BILLING Delivery Costs of delivery Observations and recommendations Billing Billing to member libraries Observations and recommendations
127 SUMMARY COMMENT Vii TABLE OF CONTENTSContinued Page
APPENDIXES A.Southeastern Pennsylvania Processing Center Feasibility Study 131 B.Centralized Processing Programs and/or Centers in the United States 155 C.Centralized Processing Programs and/or Centers in the United States: Agreements/Contracts 165
D. Black Gold Cooperative Library System Processing Center. 245 E.Book Catalogs: Cost Data 261 7*.40VP.'cr.
PREFACE
Library and to repre- had as its major purpose"to 4.Visits to the District Center The Feasibility Study sentative District Libraries. consider acquisition andcentralized Processing spe- cifically in terms of service tothe PhiladelphiaLibrary 5. Two inquiriesdesigned District, and the potentialsfor service on a larger ser- a. To identifytitles acquired in 1965which were vice area basis."1 considered significant.(See Appendix Afor The Study wasrequested by the FreeLibrary of Inquiry II.) Philadelphia which, as theDistrict CenterLibrary, duplication in the hold- perimeter of b. To note a pattern of wished to consider theextension of the ings c: those titles, if any, amongthe District feasible. The Study wasadopted its services were it Libraries.(See Appendix A forInquiry III.) under the approvedPennsylvania State as a Project District Plan for theuse ofFederal Library Servicesand Con- As of the time of theStudy, the Philadelphia encompassed 48 libraries, ifLower Merion Township struction Act Funds. in the Visits were made torepresentative processing cen- is considered one, or53 if the six libraries individually. The findings are ters during themonths of September,October, No- Township are counted vember and December1965.Specific data were based in part on these sources: questionnaires, datedNovember obtained from three % of Total 18, 1965, March 22,1966, and May 6, 1966.Continuing Sources of data were madepossible Annual reports from 38 of 48libraries 79.0% refinement and correction Responses to Inquiry I from 28of 48 libraries 58.3 through correspondencewith directors of centers Responses to Inqriry II from22 libraries 78.5 throughout the United (Sent only to the 28 respondentsof Inquiry I) and/or processing programs Responses to Inquiry III from 37of 53 libraries 69.8% (Sent to all the DistrictLibraries, including each States. 'Merlon Towne"- An accompanyingstudy was plannedwhich related of the six libraries in Lower centralized processing to an appraisalof some existing In Appendix A are tobe found the namesof the 53 programs becauseof (1)the need for moreback- District. The availability avail- libraries in the Philadelphia ground and evaluativeinformation than was the responses of eachlibrary literature and (2)the possible of an annual report and able through the to dill threeinquiries are noted. contribution of the findings tothe conclusions andthe recommendations of theFeasibility Study. Data on some existingcentralized processing programs Data on the PhiladelphiaLibrary District Data on some existingcentralizeu processing pro- Data on the PhiladelphiaLibrary District are based grams are based onthe following: on thefollowing: 1. An Inquiry addressed todiscoverable centralized 1. An initial inquiry(Inquiry I) addressed tothe processing programs and/orcenters which re- District Libraries: quested documents relating to: elicit facts and opinionsabout their indi- a. To studies made. vidual programs andtheir participation inthe a. Study or current District program. b. Contractural agreements. b. To ascertaintheir readiness for acentralized c.Directives. processing center should onebe recommended d. Manuals of procedures. Inquiry I.) as feasible.(See Appendix A for e. Annual reports(including statistics) . 2. A study of annual reportsof the District Libraries correspondence with severalof the the Coordinator ofDistrict 2. Continuing and of the reports of centers. Library Services. and/or centers in literature; use of profilestudies 3. Visits to fourteen programs 3. A survey of the Georgia, Florida, Illinois,Michigan, Missouri, New which had been madeof Delaware and Mont- York, North Carolina, andOhio. gomery Countiesand their libraries. ix
zwirrivrvviviTZTKII der& 4704aC1Ez.n:1; 4. A nationwide questionnaire,"A Survey of Proc- American bibliographical dream of cooperation. Fur- essing Centers in the United States,"*made in 1965 ther, while in the abstract it should have been a by the Missouri State Library. The responses were concept readily attainable, there was somesuggestion entrusted to the Feasibility Study forcoding. that some centralized processing programs had esca- members of centers lated the level of conformity among their membership 5. A questionnaire distributed to but had not, among themselves, lessened the costliness to gather data onparticipants' views.2 or the duplication of time, talent, andskill involved The Inquiry (see Appendix B) was sent to66 pro- in the repetitive and individualized activities. grams and/or centersknown or thought to be in existence. The response was as follows: There was further recognition that while centralized F processing can enrich library services to the public in No. % libraries already strong, it can also perpetuate and Responses with useable data 42 63.6 furnish a buffer against the inadequacies of the Responses clarifying status 10 15.2 mediocre. No response. 14 21.2 The Final Report is not a manual of routines though Total 66 100 many are included. They have beenchosen to illus- Letters of clarification came from ten states:Ala- trate practice within the scope of the documentsavail- bama, California, Colorado, Connecticut,Idaho, Mon- able for the Study. A peripheral value is that, since tana, Oregon, Vermont,Washington and Wisconsin. it is axiomatic that routines and procedures should be It was reported that some had never reallyhad pro- evaluated periodically, samples such as those included grams and that two were nolonger functioning: the may be of value in any localsituation. Centralized Book Processing program of theIdaho As long ago as 1876 Melvil Dewey observed: State Library and the North Coastal RegionalLibrary Oregon. Of the 14 which did not About once in so long articles appear in different countries program, Tillamook, rehearsing the follies of the present system of doing the same respond, four are known to be active. Nofurther thing over a thousand times, as we librarians do in cataloguing information was obtained on the remaining ten. books that reach so many libraries.* The Missouri questionnaire was distributed to44 Thus this Final Report becomes one more article con- centers known or thought to be inexistence of which firming, through its sustained appraisal of the present, 23 or 52.3% responded. In Appendix B maybe found that some follies still persist. Just as MelvilDewey a copy of thequestionnaire with its 54 detailed, open- concluded, "Now, I believe, after giving this question end questions. [cooperative cataloging] considerable attention, that Both the Philadelphia Inquiry and theMissouri it is perfectly practicable,"4 the Feasibility Study en- questionnaire contained some centers not known to dorses the continuing search for standardization and the other. A combined listing of thecenters*mt* ex- centralization also as "perfectly practicable" and ulti-. cluding those which did not meet thedefinitiWn of mately attainable. "centralized processing" as used in theY Feasibility The Final Report is presented in two parts: Study, appear in Appendix B. Centralized Processing for the Philadelphia The combination of the informative documents PartI. furnished by the respondents to the Philadelphia In- Library District quiry, the correspondence, the visits, and the fortuitous Part II.Centralized Processing:An Appraisal of availability of the responses to the Missouri question- Some Existing Programs and/or Centers naire resulted in a somewhat formidable and imposing The conclusions and recommendations of the Feasi- array of source material on which torely for hd, bility Study are to be found in Part I, Chapter I. illustration, self-appraisals, and opinions. FOOTNOTES The Final Report I. "Study of the. Feasibility of a Processing Center," aJoint and Research and study for the Final Report were under- Statement Prepared by the Free Library of Philadelphia the Pennsylvania State Library, 1965, p. 1. taken in awareness that centralized processing, im- 2. Questionnaire in preparation for an anticipated report on plying standardization, has long been part of the "Evaluation of Centers from Viewpoint of Recipient or Coop- erating Libraries," for Library Trends, July 1967. Extractsfrom Referred to, throughout the Final Report, as the "Missouri some returns used when appropriate. questionnaire." 3. American Library Association, "Proceedings,1876," Ameri- "The list contains the official names of the centers and should can Library Journal, I(November 30, 1876), 118. be consulted for accuracy, since the centers are referred to varioust throughout the Study. 4. Ibid.
x SOUTHEASTERNPENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CENTERFEASIBILITY STUDY
Furnish two catalog cards, forauthor and Part shelf list records, for eachtitle ordered by libraries within Districtsparticipating in the book catalog program. Centralized Processing 3. Furnish book labels, bookcards and for the pockets for titles/volumes asrequested Philadelphia Library District by District Library Centers. 4. Adhere to an authoritativeand sm. dardized policy for descriptivecatalog- CHAPTER I ing, subject headings, andclassification. B.Designate each District choosing to contract CONCLUSIONS AND for the service, as an arterialunit of the RECOMMENDATIONS cataloging and classification center,each to I.Strengthen District acquisitions as part The following conclusionsand recommendations of total services within theDistrict. are in response tothe question: Is it feasiblefor the 2. Centralize and routinizeordering of all Philadelphia District Library toinclude centralized materials on a District level. processing as part of its Districtservices? They are 3. Forward bibliographic data oneach title based on the accompanyinganalyses of data relating to the cataloging andclassification center. to the 'PhiladelphiaLibrary District and to existing 4. Standardize circulation routines notonly legal centralized processing programs, on the present to simplify physicalprocessing but also structuringofDistricts but not circumscribed bythe in anticipation of circulationrecords present number, and ondiscernible trends of the which may become mechanized. future. 5. Assume responsibility forcompleting the The CONCLUSIONS of the FeasibilityStudy are: physical processing of all materials to I.That a centralized processing centershould not be cataloged and classifiedwithin the be created for the PhiladelphiaLibrary District District. alone. 6. Maintain a union catalog oftitles, not 2.That a coordinated plan for astate-wide central- volumes, held by member libraries. ized cataloging and classification programfor 7. Distribute materials as rapidly as pos- public libraries should be initiated. sible to member libraries. It is RECOMMENDED, therefore,that: 8. Complete payment of allDistrict en- L The Philadelphia DistrictLibrary propose that cumbrances related to centralizedorder- the State Librati: ing and physical processing. A.Create and subsidize two centralized cata- II.The Philadelphia District Library proposethat loging and classification centers for public its member libraries: libraries in specified geographic areas, each the to A.Demonstrate to the libraries of the State L Prepare and distribute a bookcatalog, use of theCatalog of Booksof the Free Li- with programmed supplements, repre- brary of Philadelphia as an index toeach of senting all titles available but notidenti- their collections and as abibliographic fying holdings of each participating guide to the resources of all theDistrict library. libraries. B. Take the initiative in creating a state-wide B. To offer full processing cataloging and classification programby 1. To centralize ordering, cataloging and recommending to the State Library that the classification, and physical processing of Free Library of Philadelphia assume guid- all library materials. ance of one of the two centers. 2. To maintain the syndetic structure of that the card catalog of each school library. III. The Philadelphia District Library proposes 3. 'To route materials to County Boards of the Free Library of Philadelphia: Education or to County School L ibrary A,Include the Branch Libraries of the Free Supervisors. Library within the District library program. or B.Incorporate the ordering and physical proc- C. To offer centralized cataloging andclassifi- . easing of District library materials withthose cation. of the 'Branch Libraries of the FreeLibrary. 1. To furnish complete sets of cards or a C.Cooperate with the cataloging and classifi- book catalog with programmed supple- poli- cation center in the standardization of ments. des. 2. To designate the County Boards as D. Advise the center in the programming ofthe arterial units for centralized ordering Catalog of Books supplements and revisions. and physical processing. E.Acquire and retain each title includedin the Catalog of Books with re-evaluationof holdings at the time of the complete re- visions of the Catalog of Books. CHAPTER II Supplementary Recommendations It is further RECOMMENDED that: THE DISTRICT LIBRARY I.For public libraries, the second centralized cata- IN THE PENNSYLVANIA loging and classification center be created inthe LIBRARY PROGRAM western part of the State. A. A plan similar to that proposed forthe THE PROGRAM eastern part of PennsylvaniP tobe developed. the elements of the present public library program B. A cooperative arrangement to bemade be- for Pennsylvania are to be found in the 1958 Survey, tween the two centers tocoordinate cata- commissioned by the Pennsylvania State Librarian at loging and classification policies for possible the request of Governor George M. Leader, anddi- melding of the programs into one center rected by Lowell A. Martin. The plan, based onthe after an experimental period. federated systems concept of library service, envisioned local library services, II.For academic libraries, a centralized cataloging a three-level structure of(1) and classification service or a full processing (2)district libraries,(3) regional resource centers 1 dis- program be created.* The responsibilities delegated to the proposed trictlibraries involved direct servicesto readers, A. Junior and community colleges to be con- services to readers through local libraries, andguid- sidered an entity. ance and coordination functions.Included in the B.State Teachers Colleges/Universities,pri- last were those relating to centralized bookordering vate and public collegesand universities to and experimentation in centralizedcataloging? The be considered an entity. damaging evidence of the findings of the Survey,that III.For school libraries a centralized processing cen- Pennsylvania "ranks with the lowest dozen statesin ter be created. the country,"8 prompted action by theGeneral As- Library Code, A. To be grouped by type: 'High School sembly. That action resulted in The the Act of June 14, 1961, P. L. 324,which endorsed Elementary/Junior It thereby High the systems structure earlier proposed. designated four Regional Library ResourceCenters * An imperative consideration in view of the 1. %WAabsence (Section 209) and permitted the designationof up to of reference to libraries in Elements of a Master Plan forHigher 211) .4 Education in Pennsylvania; a Report to the State Board of thirty District Library Centers (Section Education of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Prepared by A District Library Center is identified as one re- the Consultant Panel established by the Academy forEduca- ceiving State-aid for the purpose of: tional Development, Inc. (New York: 1965) .
2 which the County Free Making its resources and servicesavailable without charge to For Lancaster County, in all the residents of the district, Public Library is now a DistrictCenter, George More- Providing supplementary libraryservices to local libraries County Library, Mary- within the district, land, Director, Montgomery Coordinating the services of all locallibraries within the dis- land, recommended in 1963"the centralization of book trict which by contract become partof the district library system, purchasing, cataloging and processingfor all libraries Exchanging, providing or contractingfor library services with other district library centers.[Section 102 myr in the county."10 Since one ofthe reasons prompting qualifications of a DistrictLi- the survey was "concern foroverlapping of school, No criteria for the and a desire to brary Center, in terms ofcollection, staff, or services special and public library service be assumed though it may readily beassumed that the coordinate these service agencies," it may are cited, encompassed these three suggestion in the 1958 Surveythat there be at least that the recommendation twenty-seven was notignored. That suggestion re- types of libraries. flected a concern over distance,for the plan proposed a The three county demonstration programswhich have fostered centralizedprocessing are those of Bucks, hierarchy of service for the reader a day-to-day librarywithin 15 to 20 minutes of hishome Cambria, and Chester. a subject andprofessional library within an hour a research librarywithin a day.' In Bucks County the The Library Code wasquickly implemented with The Bucks County Free Library,seeking to develop State Librarian designatingthe following four libraries its resources and services in order toregain its status (Section n9) as RegionalLibrary Resource Centers as a DistrictCenter, embarked on ademonstration, Free Library of Philadelphia, in the fiscal 'year, 1963/64, withthe sponsorship of the Pennsylvania State Library, State Library. The programincluded addition of Pennsylvania State University,and books and staff, allocation of bookcredits to local li- Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh? braries, increased hours of service,and centralized of the program defined and Library ordering and processing.n The success District Library areas were can be measuredby the re-designation of the Library Centers, representing varyingqualities of services, were and by the details of thc program thirty such Centers, as a District Center12 designated. As of now there are described later. the maximum number designated. The Feasibility Study hasbeen made in awareness In Cambria County of the present structuring,according to The Library The Cambria County demonstration,which con- Code, without endorsing thecontinuing existence of tinued from 1959-1962, resulted inthe merger of the thirty districts. Barnesville Library Board with thatof the Cambria Public Library, Johnstown, into asingle board re- CENTRALIZED PROCESSING sponsible for a county-wideprogram.18 In furthering Within the State the demonstration, centralizedprocessing services were by the Cambria With the emergence of the StatePlan, at least three offered and continue to be offered District Library Center. surveys haverecommended and three county demon- Public Library System, now a with centralized stration programs have experimented In Chester County processing. Recommendations have been made tothe Harris- The Chester County program,designed to foster public libraries, was burg Public Library (now aDistrict Center) and to cooperation among the existing and Lancaster. For the Harris- an experimentsupported by the State Librarythrough two counties, Delaware the seven burg Public Library, WalterBrahm, now State Li- a contracteffective August 14, 1961. For in 1962 that a of the thirteen librarieswhich participated, the ex- brarian of Connecticut, recommended through the County goal be: "Purchasing (notselection) and processing periment involved purchasing, library service in the area."8 Library, pre-cataloged booksfrom a commercial firm. by one library of books for the program was de- For Delaware County, HenryG. Shearouse, Jr., By November, "1962, however, postulated in 1963 the creation of aCounty Library scribed as a failure because acounty-wide referendum While the tenta- Headquarters unit which would: for a library tax was not approved.14 tive designation as a DistrictCenter was withdrawn, Offer central purchasing of books andsupplies. ... Possibly offer central processing of books. ... the allocated LSA funds were used tosustain a rural Shearouse advised, however, that priorconsideration library program and, in 1964,the County increased service from a district the library appropriations by31%.15 Renewed acti- should be given to securing the District Center. library or a commercial firm, vation anticipates re-designation as a 3 Within District Centers Delivery: book with catalog cards andshelf list. Some recommendations notedin the preceding sec- don have not yet beenimplemented. Meanwhile, as Custom services: of 1966, four district centers wereoffering centralized For Bucks County Community College, on a processing, two of which hadbegun as demonstration per title fee. the service as a projects and one of which initiated Staff: result of a recommendation. Thefour district centers General Services Librarian organizes anddi- are: rects. District Center Library Head cataloger; one professionallibrarian; two pre-professionals on apart-time basis; Doylestown Bucks County Free Library Johnstown Cambria Public Library System one typist. Processing chief; two full-time clerk-typist as- Lancaster Lancaster Free Public Library Citizens Library sistant4; part-time helpers when needed. Washington Orders and accounting assistant responsible Descriptive data about each ofthe programs, based for card reproduction. on available data,follow:le Equipment: Doylestown: Bucks County FreeLibraryn Xerox 914 for card reproduction. The program was undertaken, asearlier noted, with Volumes processed: State Library sponsorship, todemonstrate the County's It is reasonable to assume the center could ability to serve as a District LibraryCenter, and, ac- handle between 25,000 and 30,000 volumes a cording to the Director, "toimplement the Greenaway year, based on stream-liningoperations, im- plan for a county-wide systemof public libraries." proved budgets to maintain personnel, and The plans include:(1) expansion of services atthe increasing use of printed cards and Library local level in the form of bookcredits with the County of Congress proof sheets with minimum modi- professional staff constructing lists forselections; (2) fications. experimentation with centralized processingsince most small libraries were not equipped tocatalog and Cost per volume: process books; (3)freeing local staff, mostly volun- Service free to District libraries. teers, to serve the public. Unit cost summary within Center: Ordering and receiving $.0619 Descriptive Data Cataloging .364 Libraries in District:* Preparation .2751 15 public libraries. Total' $.70 per volume Participating libraries: District: Plans for the future. 13 public libraries. Membership, with no charge for processing, Non-member: will include any public library which agrees 1 (Bucks County Community College) . to deposit a minimum of 75% ofits book budget, with its own selection, or with our Materials: guidance if desired. Books only at present; future projects include The plans for the future are based on the records and films. expressed interest of some of the libraries to Services: become a part of the County system. Book selection guidance: preparation of lists with first criterion "being quality commen- Interest in a book catalog: surate with a small budget." Definitely interested. Ordering: titles from and titles ordered Comments from Mrs. Meredith R. Smith,Executive individually. Director: Cataloging and classification: Abridged Limitations of centralized processing focus Dewey and Sears. on those individualswho ref,: se to accept a Processing: Mylar cover, self-adhesive book standard brand of cataloging and perform pocket, book card, Selin spine label. surgery by re-doing abook to conform to their individual 'schemes.' * In process of reorganization as aDistrict Center as of 1966.
4 The arrangement [with Bucks CountyCom- Johnstolon: Cambria Public Library System's munity College] is mutually satisfactoryand The centralized processing programcontinues the probably will be continued. service offered during the demonstrationperiod. it More books have been made available to is supported by State and County funds,State aid local libraries, plus savings in time and sup- being mandated; County aid, proportionate withfunds plies and uniformity in cataloging andclas- available to improve or, expand. sification.Intangibles such as cooperative spirit, growth in understanding thephilos- Descriptive Data ophy of good library service and inenthu- Libraries in District: siasm for the work should be mentioned as 17 public libraries including 11 withinthe. accomplishments. System. Sample Catalog Cards Participating libraries: 15 public libraries. Materials: Books and phonorecords. Services: 510 Sharp, Evelyn S A parent's guide to more new math; slide rulesand, peanut Ordering (Three days after monthly meeting butter.Dutton 1966 161p dims after study of Library Journal and Booklist) . The author clarifies the "second revolution in schoolmathematics brought (Use of LC about by the 1963 Cambridge Conference report, whichrecommended that a Cataloging and classification: large number of new math concepts (previously taughtonly in high school and college) be introduced in the first six grades."Publishes note proofsheets, National Catalog, American Partial contents: Relations and funk-lions; Graphs; Logic; Anintroduc- tion to game theory; Vectors; Bibliography Book Publishing Record).
Mathematicsa Tide 510 Physical processing. Delivery: Books with sets of cards. (W) The H. W. Wilson Company. 66W4537 Custom services: it Completely standardized; Cutter numbers used only for main -library. Staff: One professional librarian. 995 Read, &meth Eight nonprofessionals (High school grad- a The High Valley,by Kenneth E.Read.New York, Scrib- ner [19653 uates). xvn, D. Ulm, slept, ports. 25 Cm. Equipment: The author's personal record of almost 2 years of geld work among the °shako tribes of the Australian Trust Territory ofNew Guinea. Xerox 914 for card reproduction. Volumes processed: 22,000 annually. 1. ionaloioaNevedeeL2,11ew Ouinea -Social life CoA per volume: DUI Titles 91>iibea.`NeW that#481 Convinced time and expense both low. Library of Coupon Nos, A Cost per card: $.046 per card. Plans for the future: To include one more new library; new mem- bers secured as new libraries are created in County System. 641.5 Payne, Alma Smith Administrator: P The fat and sodium control cookbooks... Comment from Dean C. Gross, Library by Alma smith. Payne and Dorothy Callahan; Strengths [of the program]:(1) professional with an introductionbyFrancis L Chamber- lain. 3id ed. rev. and now. Little, 1965. cataloging assured; (2) extensive economies. 1473p.nue. Center's policy differs from Lancaster Free Public Librarylo that on Lancaster: printed cards. The recommendation that LancasterCounty create 1. Cookery for the sick 2. Diet in disele, a processing centerfor all libraries was seemingly I. Title premature since thus far no libraryin the District 3 has used the services now available. In contrast,from
5 the Harrisburg District,where no action has been Materials: taken on the recommendationthat centralized proc- Books. essing be offered, the LebanonCommunity Library has contracted for theservices from the Lancaster Services: Free Public Library. Ordering, cataloging and classification, phys- ical processing, delivery. Descriptive Data Custom services: Libraries in District: Each library furnishes directions on how to 8 public 4braries. do the catalog cards and shelf list, book Participating libraries: pockets and spine labels. Dts,rict: Staff: Non-member: One professional librarian. 1 public library. Eight non-professionals (High school grad- Materials: uates). Books. Equipment: Services: Xerox 914 for card reproduction. Centralized ordering,* catalogingand clas- sification, physical processing,delivery. Volumes processed: Custom services: 20,000 volumes annually. Lebanon has furnished a duplicateshelf list May 19, 1966: 9,920 books ordered. of its entire collection.Processing follows that used in Lancaster with smalldifferences Cost per volume: that may be needed. $.65 which covers the cost of material and Volumes processed: direct labor cost but does not cover any por- First delivery of books made in May,1966. tion of salaries of cataloging librarian, work- Cost per volume: room supervisor andhead librarian. To LancasterTo Lebanon Cost per card:Original $.10 $1.15 Non-fiction ... $.90 Copies $.02 Fiction .70 .95 Comment from Harold R. Jenkins,Director: Plans for the future: I would not be in a position atthis moment No plan to secure new members unlessthe to say whether this systemis going to work Library becomes a County Library. efficiently and that it will continue togain acceptance throughout the area. Comment from Norman W. Lyon,District Center Librarian: Washington:'Citizens Libre,ry20 Not all librarians in the District useit, but According to the Director, the centralized proc- the ones who do find it a greathelp, par- essing service is considered experimentaland volun- ticularly when purchasing largerquantities tary. Funds for capital expenditures aresecured from of books from special funds. the operating budget. The program issupported The chief disadvantage to theDistrict Cen- partially with State aid. ter is that he orders comein spurts, and are Descriptive Data given priority over our processing.There are processing Libraries in District: always delays in arrivals and in which 11 public libraries. which irritate the client librarian and cause her toblame the delays on us. Despite Participating libraries: this disadvantage, however, I feelthat the 5 public libraries. relation with librarians in ourDistrict is *Lebanon Community Library selects its own books, types better rather than worse becauseof this the orders and forwards them to LancasterPublic Library for service. full processing.
6 of staff and volumes proc- Sample Catalog Card 6. Ratios between size essed. 7. Cost per volumefigures. classification policies. Watavorthi, Jams J. 8. Cataloging and 31i1.13 services. V The Olass Nowa; Initad Nations in 9. Performing custom Action. Praiser, clig*: 10. Size and qualificationsof staff. 221ip. While it may be true thatlibrary history does not 1. tlaitati 116610011 repeat itself,librarians do tend to repeat, orto in- approaches and procedureswhich 4.95 itiate unknowingly, have not always meritedimitation or which werede- vised for a uniquesituation. As in other centers throughout the country, thefour programs in Penn- 0 sylvania have achieved somelevel of conformity among their participants but have not,among themselves, achieved standardization. Asin the New York Systems, OBSERVATIONS it can be anticipated thatsuch a medley of variations Distance as a primarycriterion for determiningthe and duplication of activitywill inevitably compel a location of district (andregional resource) centers review unless a State-wide programis forthcoming. seems faulty initself. The resultantdistrict structuring A recommendation for aState-wide program might and within the State andsubsequent recommendations well: demonstrations portend, moreover,'the possible offer- 1. Seek to activatethe clause of Section102(3) of ing of duplicative or similarservices from strengthened The Library Code whichpermits a district li- county librariesand district library centers.While brary center to contractfor library services. it is not the purposeof this Study to commentbroadly 2. Recognize thedifference between catalogingand on the StatePlan, it is anticipatedthat the current classification of a title and thecoding or physical re-appraisal of public libraryservices and facilities, preparation of copies of thattitle. being made under theauspices of the StateLibrary,21 3. Propose the creationof one or two State-wide will identify emergingproblems and propel theState cataloging and classification centerswith multi- forward in its progressive program. ple book depots or arterialunits for the receipt While centralized processingis not specificallycited of appropriate data and forthe physical process- as a DistrictLibrary Center responsibilityin The' ing and distribution oflibrary materials. Library Code, as it hadbeen in the 1958 Survey, FOOTNOTES it is encompassed inthe "services" concept.It would 1. Pennsylvania State Library,Library Service in Pennsylvania, be possible, therefore,for at least thirty centers to (Harrisburg: Evidence thus Present and Proposed; LowellA. Martin, Director experiment with processing programs. State Library, 1958) ,1, 87. far indicates that eachtends to be highly individual- 2. Ibid., pp. 105-106. istic and to be initiatedwithout seeming consultation 3. Ibid., p. 177. districts.Yet State and 4. Pennsylvania Laws, Statutes,etc., The PennsylvaniaState and planning with other Code. the Act of June14, 1961, Federal funds would presumablybe allocated to each Library Cod! (The Library P.L. 324)( Harrisburg: PennsylvaniaState Library, 1962), pp. despite evident duplication. 6-7. Cited as The LibraryCode. It can readily beassumed that the four programs 5. Ibid., pp. 1-2. were initiatedwithin the context of theDistrict struc- 6. Pennsylvania StateLibrary, Library Services inPennsyl- ture with thethoughtful and loyal supportof each vania, Present and Proposed, p.87. 7. The Library Code, p. 6. District Center.Nevertheless it must beindicated, Division, 8. Pennsylvania StateLibrary, Library Development without discredit to thosedeveloping the centralized Act Programs in Pennsylvania, divergencies similar to those Project Report of Library Services processing programs, that July 1, 1961-June 30,1962(Harrisburg: 1962) , p. 8. The swvey prevailing among the NewYork State Systems are was published by theHarrisburg Public Library asA Plait for evident. Among the areas inwhich variations occur Library Service in theHarrisburg Area of Pennsylvania,by Walter Brahm and MildredSandoe. are these: Development of Li- 9. Shearoure, HenryG., A Plan for the guidance. (Albany, N.Y.: 1. Offering book selection brary Services v.: OelawareCounty, Pennsylvania 2. Having a deadlineorder date. 1963) , p. 16. Division, 3. Cataloging non-bookmaterials, for example, 10. Pennsylvania StateLibrary, Library Development (Harrisburg: phonorecords. Library Services Act inPennsylvania, 1962-1963 libraries for services. 1963) , p. 8. 4. Charging member Library, Library DevelopmentDivision, 5. Extending services tonon-members. 11. Pennsylvania State 7 Project Report of Library Services Act Program in Pennsylvania, have formed the Lower MerlonLibrary Association. July 1, 1963-June 30, 196f (Harrisburg: 1964) , p. 13. The activities of the six libraries havebeen coordi- 12. Letter from Ernest E. Doerschuk, Jr., StateLibrarian, nated and the policies set by a Board ofDirectors Pennsylvania State Library, May 20, 1966. library Division, composed of three representatives from each 13. Pennsylvania State Library, Library Development Commissioners. Library Services Act in Pennsylvania, 1962-1963, p. 5. and three from the Township Board of 14. Pennsylvania State Library, Library Development Division, An Executive Director, responsible to theBoard, ad- Project Report of Library Services Act Program in Pennsylvania, ministers the Association and has succeededin stan- July 1, 1961-June 30, 1962, pp. 7-8; Library Services Actin dardizing many of the procedures, among which are Pennsylvania, 1962-1963, pp. 5-6. book selection guidance, ordering, cataloging,and Division, 15. Pennsylvania State Library, Library Development materials.1 The Director generally acts Project Report of Library Services Act Program in Pennsylvania, preparation July 1, 1963-June 30, 1964, pp. 12-13. as liaison betweenthe Association and the District 16. Membership in the four district libraries isbased on Library Center. figures in Pennsylvania State Library, Library DevelopmentDi- Another evidence of activity on a Countylevel has vision, Pennsylvania Public Libraries Directory. 1963(Harris- been, the preparation of a "Union List ofPekiodicals burg: 1963.) 17. Data from the following: Letter from Mrs.Meredith R. and Newspapers" in Delaware CountyLibraries, May Smith, Executive Director, Bucks County Free Library,Doyles- 1966, under the direction of Eleanor N. Downs,Li- town, June 16, 1966; Bucks County Free Library,"Introduction brarian, Springfield Township Library. The listcited to Book Selection Lists," August 21, 1964;Bucks County Free 136 periodicals and 7 newspapers. While all theli- Library, "Resume of Cost Analysis in Bucks County Free Library Processing Center," June 30, 1966, 4 pp.; Bucks County Free braries did not indicate their holdings, responses from Library, "1965-1966 Procedures for Ordering," October 19, 1965. nine, some with unique titles, presage more cooper- 18. Data from the Missouri questionnaire, 1965. ative undertakings. 19. Letter from Harold R. Jenkins, Director, LancasterFree Surveys have been made of Delaware andMont- Public Library, May 31, 1966. gomery counties, each ofwhich revealed stark inad- 20. Data from the Missouri questionnaire, 1965; Letterfrom equacies and proposed, as one progressive step,the Norman W. Lyon, District Center Librarian, May 19, 1966. Reference is made to the program in Pennsylvania State Library, strengthening or creation of a County Library. The Library Development Division, Project Report of Library Services surveys are: Act Program in Pennsylvania, July 1, 1963-June 30, 1964, p. 3. 21. The State Library has retained Lowell A. Martin,Vice- For Delaware County: president of Grolier, Inc., and Director of the 1958 Survey to American Association of University Women, A Sur- reassess the State Library program and to compare present vey of the PublicLibraries in Delaware County, developments with his earlier survey. The resurvey began in Pennsylvania, prepared by The Drexel Instituteof 1966. Technology-Pennsylvania State Library Project (1962?),57 pp. Shearouse, Henry G., A Plan for the Development of Library Services in Delaware County,Pennsyl- CHAPTER III vania (Albany, N. Y.: 1963) , 23 pp. THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY For Montgomery County: DISTRICT American Association of University Women, A Sur- vey of the PublicLibraries in Montgomery County, The Philadelphia Library District is composed of Pennsylvania, prepared by The Drexel Instituteof local libraries in Delaware County and in part of the Technology-Pennsylvania State Library Project two neighboring counties of Bucks andMontgomery. (1963),59 pp. Membership in 1965 was as follows: No published report on Bucks County isavailable. However, Emerson Greenaway, Director, FreeLibrary Montgomery Bucks Delaware of Philadelphia, made an informal survey oflibrary County County County services and endorsed the concept of a county-wide 11 libraries23 libraries16 libraries (including program? 6 in Lower Merion The Free Library of Philadelphia was designated Township) by the State Librarian as one of the 30 District Library Total53 libraries (See Appendix A.) Centers by the authority granted to him in TheLi- Within the District there has been some movement brary Code (Section 211) and as a result of AStudy toward strengthening the organizational structure of and Recommendations of Library Districts for Penn- some of the smaller libraries; for example,libraries sylvania, by Kenneth E. Beasley and Carl E. Robinson, in six separate communities in 'Montgomery County published in 1962.2
8 Evidence of this development wasmost obvious in newplans data are presented concern- trained personnel employed,in- On the following pages underway or being developed, in im- Library Center, primarily creased local financial support,requests for assistance ing the Philadelphia District proving local libraries and theiroperations, as well as thevery the services offered, andthe District libraries,reflect- evident increase in use ofDistrict Services!' them. ing facts about them andviews expressed by Among the' activitiesemanating from the Center The District Library.Center have been: The Free Library ofPhiladelphia serves both as a 1. Assisting inimproving book collectionsthrough Regional Library ResourceCenter (The Library a. Weeding. Code, Section 209) and as aDistrict Library Center. b. Making generaland specific recommenda- While the responsibilities areseparate anddistinct, tions. it can be assumed thatsimultaneousimplementation Compiling book lists. of the c. of both have accentuatedthe pivotal position d. Planning bookdiscussion meetings. Free Library. In this report,however, only the services periodic and annotated listsof Library are to e. Preparing which it performs as aDistrict Center titles selected from booksin the New Book be considered. The Room. In accepting the dutiesprescribed generally in circulating loan collections tolocal the Free Librarysought 2. Providing Library Code, Section 102(3), libraries on a rotating basis. libraries within the newlydesig- the views of the local 3. Supplying limitedquantities of book listsfrom nated District regardingtheir desire toparticipate. time, 37 the Free Library. Of the 45 libraries inthe District at that association with the StateLi- spite of delays causedby 4. Conducting,, in expressed an interest. In brary, workshops on Selectionand Use of Refer- fiscal and civil serviceprocedures in 1963, theCenter ence Materials. reported that it had: of the brochure, "Open for adult referenceand subject 5. Designing and printing 1. Increased funds District Services.6 collections by $17,856. this Door," to promote The members have evidenced awarenessof the ser- 2. Inauguratedreference and informationservices vices by (1) attendingmeetings at the Free Library, as of May. Room at the. Free Library, 3. Inaugurated collecttelephone service for all (2) using the New Book (3) using the Catalog ofBooks and printed lists from members. increasing interlibraryloans. 4. Distributed specialinterlibrary loan forms as the Free Library,(4) Because of the variables inbook collections, staffs, of September. freedom of action inherentin 5. Distributed copies ofrules for interlibrary loan and clientele, and the member libraries participated and reference services. the State Plan, some libraries to a Spring BookRe- more activelythan others. For example,it was ob- 6. Invited member number of telephone view meeting. served in 1963 that the greatest libraries to utilize theNew questions had come from the strongestlibraries within 7. Invited member similar observation Book Room. the District. In the 1965 report a lists on such subjects as was made: 8. Distributed book the better the service "The Short Story." It would appear that in general libraries to attend regularin- in a local library, the moreobvious its constant 9. Invited member thus increasing the service training providedby the Free Library. inadequacy to meet all demands, of the Catalog of Booksof need for interlibrary loanservice? 10. Distributed copies the Center have been the Free Library.4 The services available from of services which hadbeen advisory and practical in the areasof administration, In addition to the array interlibrary loans, ref- made available, the Centeridentified five additional building plans, book selection, the future; among them erence services,loan collections, andpublicity. The services to be considered for of cooperative processing andpurchasing. most potentiallysignificant has been the sharing was Free Library which may In 1964 a Coordinatorof District LibraryServices, the Catalog of Books of the aid, for interlibrary loan,and Donald A. Riechmann, wasappointed. Since that be used as a selection cataloging and classification. Aservice date relationships withmember libraries havebeen as a guide in individualized services not available hasbeen centralized processing.While strengthened through the possible future service, offered and through theincreasing local knowledgeof the Center has viewed this as a taken. Rather the DistrictLibrary the potentials of theState Plan envisioned inThe no hasty action was Coordinator noted in hisAnnual recognized that such an extensionspresupposed not Library Code. The libraries, as stated in The Report of 1965 that: only the "wishes" of local 9 Library Code (Section 211) , but also an acceptance From Annual Reports of standardized policies and the creation of an office Data on staffs and volunteers responsible for services or a department requiring staff, space,and equipment. to and for the clientele have been extracted, when Concerned with these implications, the District Li- reported, from annual reports* for 37 District libraries brary Center, as a result of its Advisory Committee (excluding one for Lower Merion Library Association meetings, appointed a subcommittee to draft a pro- which represented six libraries) .** Twenty-four li- posal relating to the feasibility of offering centralized braries had full time salaried staffs, performing pro- processing services. The proposal, endorsed by the fessional duties.*" ranging from four to one in State Library in 1965, resulted in the present Study number. In more detail: which reflects an adherence to the criterion of feasi- No. of salaried full time staff No. of libraries bility. Professional duties While the scope of the services was not pre-deter- 4 2 3 1 mined, it was decided to explore aspects of centralized 2 4 services relating to book selection guidance, already 1 17 available through the District Library; ordering; Eleven of the 24 also employed part time staff per- cataloging and classification; processing (physical prep- forming professional duties. Eight libraries had part aration of materials) ; and the use of a book catalog. time staffs only, ranging in number from five to one: No. of salaried part time staff No. of libraries The District Libraries Professional duties From the authoritative county surveys earlier cited, 5 1 4 0 prepared for the American Association of University 3 0 Women by The Drexel Institute of Technology- 2 2 Pennsylvania State Library Project, the following con- 1 5 clusions depict the level of library development as of In the 3f, libraries having salaried staffs forthe 1962 and 1963: performance of professional duties, five also had full time clerical staffs, nine had part time clericalstaffs, For Delaware County and four had both. In detail: The conclusions were: No. of salariedclerical staff No. of libraries Libraries are not well supported. Full time Part time Libraries do not have sufficient books to supply 4 8 1 population needs; nor is the quality of existing 2 7 1 2 5 1 collections high. 2 0 1 Libraries are inadequately staffed. 1 4 1 0 16 1 Libraries offer a very liar .ted range of services.8 0 4 3 0 3 1 For Montgomery County 2 3 0 1 5 The conclusions were: Many local libraries were deficient in per capita Thirteen of the 38 libraries, includingLower book stock, number of periodicals received, and Merlon Library Association, had no volunteers.Five number of volumes added. had no salaried staff; thus, volunteers hadfull re- of the The number of salaried staff members (77.5)fell sponsibility for all services performed. In four short of the recommended Pennsylvania minimum five, volunteers numbered 20, 26, 30, and64; the fifth standards (132) by 41%. reported 40 hours of volunteer workwithout indi- One li- In six municipalities local libraries were open for cating the number of individuals involved. "fluctuated service fewer than 20 hours per week, the minimum brary simply reported that the number number suggested by Pennsylvania standards" terrifically; no figures." Twenty-five librarieshad vol- While available documents would re-inforce gen- unteers, either full or part time,with 10 libraries erally these conclusions, only data appropriate to the having more than 20. Nineteen of these 25reported present assignment are to be considered. Since this *Dates vary: some for calendar year, 1964; some for fiscal year, Study ,is concerned with indirect services for the 1964/65. clientele, such as book selection, acquisition, catalog- ** Staff for Lower Merion Library Association: Performing professional duties: 9 full time, 3 part time. ing and classification, and physical preparation of Performing clerical duties: 11 full time, 21 part time. materials, these, rather than direct services to the *** The annual report form does not statequalifications pre- requisite for the performing of professional and clericalduties. clientele, such as reading guidance and reference ser- It further indicates that volunteers may performprofessional vices, are to be emphasized. and clerical duties.
10 performed professionalduties. Since Salaried Staff that volunteers Li- Cler. duties Yol- planning andguidance, bra ry Prof. duties umes volunteer work presupposes Part Full PartVolun- Book volunteers thusde- code Full time Leers expen. added such an excessivedependence on no. time time time 1,612 staff performing pro- 0 2 0 $4,668 fiats time fromthe salaried x 4 2 0 10,7262,989 3 8 0 0 whether they bedirect or indirect 18 8 0 8,2652,328 fessional duties, 2 1 4 1,606 12 0 16 8 4,665 services. 27 1 1 0 7,9682,363 1 0 2 5 $310.00 to $10,- 11 0 0 94 6,9162,508 ranged from 13 1 0 4 310 230 Book expenditures 0 2 0 0 Lower Merion y 0 4 15 3,035 1,500 726.00* (excludingthe total for the 6 0 1 363 600 0 0 0 64 For the ?$5libraries reporting, 1 0 0 26 1,439 384 Library Association) . 28 0 0 0 the expenditures were: made, it While no evaluativeobservations can be Book expenditures No. of libraries largest staff 4 noted that thelibrary with the Less than $500 can be clerical staff; 501- 1,000 2 performing professionalduties has no 1,001- 2,000 9 well as fordirect 4 thus all time forindirect services as 2,001- 3,000 4 professional. Library x,with the 3,001- 4,000 wasregarded as 4,001- 5,000 2 professional duties, 1 largest full timestaff performing 5,001- 6,000 4 library 6,001 7,000 had a smallerbook budget than,for example, 7,001- 8,000 time presumably wasdevoted to direct 8,001- 9,000 2 11; thus more 0 reader. Boththe bookexpenditures 9,001-10,000 1 services to the 10,001-11,000 that in themini- (Lower MerionLibrary and theacquisition figures suggest 30,001-40,000 Association, represent- libraries (salaried)time for direct ser- ing 6 libraries) mally staffed time vices mustsometimes havebeen secondary to libraries 11 and13, with 3,530 volumes for indirectservices, as in Book acquisitionsranged from 230 to member performingprofessional duties. Lower Merion only one staff added (excludingthe total for the 35 libraries Library. Association) .The range for the reporting theiracquisitions was: Within theLibraries directed to allDistrict li- No. of libraries A generalinquiry was Acquisitions informa- (in volumes) braries in November,1965, for background 500 8 views, and forevidence of interest 101- 9 tion, for facts and 501- 1,000 4 in, and possiblereadiness for,centralized processing. 1,001- 1,500 4 response in noway 1,501- 2,000 The inquiryinformed each that a 2,001- 2,500 5 processing center 3 obligated one toparticipate in a 2,501 3,000 0 A for 11,001- 3,500 (See Appendix 1 should one berecommended. 3,501- 4,000 Twenty-eight or 58.3%of the 48libraries 1 (Lower Merlon Library Inquiry I.) 13,001-1000 Association, represent- responded, including oneresponserepresenting the ing 6 libraries) the Lower MerionLibrary Association. six libraries in therefore, only 27 swell One arrived toolate for inclusion; It can readilybe assumed thatgifts continued to partial, some complete,wereanalyzed. library responses, some the total acquisitionssince, for example, one brief overview ofthe degree ofsatis- acquired 470 The following with bookexpenditures of $945.00 faction of the librarieswith asr ects oftheir programs time, more time book volumes. In termsof professional and of then'appraisal of theadequacy of their gifts than for District. is required sometimesfor evaluation of collection:: reveals currentattitudes in the the selection t)f newtitles. A high degreeof self-satisfactionseemingly per- libraries as these responsesindicate: A melding ofrepresentative data from10 libraries meates the and vol- on staffand volunteers,book expenditures, relation of staff with your program? umes added,graphically depicts the Book Selection:Are you satisfied expenditures and bookselection, represented yes 17 to book sometimes 1 by volumes added. yes and no 1 no 5 no ans 'er 3 dollar. * Book expenditurefigures rounded to nearest 11 77-77`777.711..117174r
Acquisitions (ordering): Are you satisfiedwith your Also cited once were use of the New Book Roomand procedures? Replacement lists of the Free Library of Philadelphia. yes 21 The responses to the question, "Have you found no 5 the book selection aids furnished through the District no answer 1 Library Center useful?", were: Cataloging and Classification: Are yousatisfied with yes...... 16 no 2 your procedures? sometimes 9 Yes 18 no 9 Neither the depth nor adequacy of use watt probed. It would appear that the potential value is yet to be Processing (Physical Preparation): Do youthink it discovered since only twelve libraries identified aids would be helpful to have these tasks(services) done as having been useal. They were: at a Processing Center? No. of libraries Aid identifying Yes 16 no 10 Replacement lists 3 no answer 1 Children's replacement lists 1 Subjectlists 4 The responses to the question, "Do youfeel that New titles list 1 Special lists for young adults 1 your book collection meetsthe needs of your readers?", Fiction annotations 1 were a corollary to thatsatisfaction: All lists 1 Specialized lists, "Growing Up With Books" 1 most of the time 20 The Catalog of Books 2 some of the time 6 seldom 0 One library commented, "All are helpful but a little always 0 late especially for fiction." no answer 1 Among the factors preventing the use of the lists Because of limited budgets, earlier noted, it maybe might well be their comprehensiveness since they are assumed that both through gift books andinterlibrary prepared for the Free Library of Philadelphia's book loans the collections are strengthened to meetthose budget rather than for that of a small library. Should needs. Among 21 libraries the percentage of giftbooks the District Center structure lists within the budgetary ranged from 1% to 99%: potential of the District libraries, their practical value % of Collection probably would more readily be recognized.It is Gift Books No. of libraries reassuring to note that the Coordinator of District 1-2 5 Library Services has stated: 5 5 10 4 The general impression ...is that little use seems to be 20 3 made of the adult weekly lists. Perhaps they are too lengthy 21-30 2 and appear too frequently, with no annotations. ...There is 33 1 a possibility that a more selective distribution of all FLP lists 99 1 would be less confusing All 27 libraries indicated that their clientele had In the following sections further details are given been informed of interlibrary loan serviceswhereby on book selection, acquisitions, processing (physical local collections could be supplemented. Among the preparation) of library materials, and cataloging and sources cited at least once were BeaverCollege, Drexel classification. An observation on each of these services Institute of Technology, Pennsylvania State Univer- within existing centralized processing programs intro- sity, the State Library, and the University of Pennsyl- duces each section. Recommendations are made at vania. Some titles were located through the Union the end of each section. Library Catalogue of Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. The most frequently cited source was the Free Library Book selection of Philadelphia which was referred to by 19 libraries. Book selection in all processing centers is regarded Two libraries indicated that it was with the service as an inviolate right of the' local library.In some from the Free Library that their collections meet centralized programs, therefore, no semblance of their readers' needs. The 1965 annual report of the guidance is offered; in others, such as in the New York District Library indicates "a dramatic statistical in- Systems and in the Wayne County Library System, crease" of interlibrary loans to the District libraries in Michigan, guidance is available. It may be noted that 1965 as compared to 1963 and 1964: guidance may be offered not only to improve selection Year Interlibrary loans itself but to expedite the efficient operation of the 1963 354 program. Because selection guidance, when sought, ,1964 1,905 1965 4,82410 is already a service of the District Library Center, the
12
77- primarily the aids, library acknowledged the servicesof the Coordinator following data refer to selection, collection, other libraries in District libraries and to the servicescurrently offered in such an evaluation of her have received assistance.12 by the District Center. undertake an experi- The librarians indicated afamiliarity with some of In addition should the Center undertaken by the North Country the most popular book selectionaids. Among those ment similar to that Library System, Watertown,New York, of having noted were: bookmobile with titles No of libraries book selection on wheelsnof a Title listing for selection, review aids, andannotationsit hope- New York Times Book Review 18 fully would guide the locallibrarian in the challenge Booklist 15 book world. Library Journal 15 of selection from the proliferating Saturday Review 10 A lack of awareness of or anindifference to the Horn Book 8 Book Room in The Free Kirkus [Virginia Kirkus' Service] 8 freedom of use of the New Wilson Catalogs 6 Library of Philadelphia can onlybe regarded as an Book Buyers Guide 5 magnifying the use- Publishers Weekly 3 impediment to a local library's It can be expected, Among the sources cited at least once wereChil- fulness of available self-guidance. however, that as the Districtlibraries become better dren's Book Center Bulletin, local newspaper,Science confidence in the Scranton Reviews, informed about and have more News Letter, Time, University of State Plan, the use of the Roomand of all the District and the Wilson Library Bulletin. Some answerswere "magazines and bibliogra- Library Center's services will increase. too general for use, such as Meanwhile, from the observationsof book selection phies," "weekly book reviews," and"any review we services being offered and fromthe responses of Dis- can find." The useof advertisements(by mail) , that the District also cited. trict libraries, it can be concluded jobbers' lists, and publishers' brochures was Library Center has not onlyrecognized its responsi- "Public demand" and "Subscribers'requests" were bility in offering selection guidancebut has demon- indicated by two libraries as aids. strated its continuing interest. Itis currently offering In answer to the question,"Which one of the aids equal impact to following titles were services similar and of seemingly do you find most useful?", the those being offered by existing Systems programsand cited: some centralizedprocessing ,programs. While it is No. of libraries would continue citing assumed that such services could and Title whatever the recommendation for acentralized proc- Booklist 6 Kirkus [Virginia Kirkus' Service] 5 essing program might be, theFeasibility Study recom- Library Journal 4 mends, nevertheless, that the DistrictLibrary Center: New York Times 4 Book Buyers Guide 1 1. Continue developing its current programof Book Review Digest 1. offering selection guidance. Among the reasons given for not beingsatisfied with 2. Experiment with a programof selection by book selection programs were these: mobile unit. Not enough time; not enough right kindof help; too many 3.Issue selective lists within thebudgetary range would be censors. We almost never have an opportunity toread a book before of the District libraries. we purchase it. 4. Extend guidance to include non-bookmaterials Satisfied except I need more time to work onit. Do not feel I always make the rightselection.. I am not a as selection programsbroaden. college graduate. Selections for young people and children arelimited because of the lack of time to select properly. Acquisitions It would be better to have the librariansolely responsible but Centralized ordering is a servicerendered by most with a part time librarian there is nettime to do it properly. though the Because we do not have funds to purchaseaids. of the existing full processing programs, Services from the Center would help compensate scope of materialsordered varies. Among thefactors ordering are for many of these problems, for example,the series of fostering the acceptance of centralized book discussion meetings held on specifictopics of the possible time saved fordirect services to the interest. Yet attendance was not high.Another ex- clientele and the discount. Thefollowing estimates perimental service from the Center has been"to issue of time spent in ordering anddiscounts received by the possible a periodical selectionof titles from the books presented District libraries individually suggest in the New Book Room, giving briefannotations." benefits accruing from participatingin such a program. book budgets al- It is to be hoped that the meetings andthe issuance District libraries with their small since the smaller the of lists will continue. Another servicehas been that locate little time for ordering for ordering. The of guidance in weeding a collection.Though only one budget the less the time necessary 13 , 77:771711
frequency of ordering for 25 libraries varied as follows: The necessity of transferring ordering responsi- Frequency No of libraries bilities to a volunteer staff shollld in itself be an weekly 3 incentive for seeking a solution through some form bi-weekly 1 of centralization. Meanwhile, a willingness to explore monthly 17 bi-monthly 3 centralized processing has been expressed by seventeen ten times yearly 1 of the District libraries. Responses to the following Several libraries added that orders were placed when questions do suggest, however, that further discussion needed, for example, "monthly or when I 'have a list is necessary: of 20 or more titles." Another added, "when special Would you be willing to: gifts or money are given." no Time spent in ordering varied from one to ten hours yes no answer weekly and from three to twenty hours monthly. a. Transfer order responsi- While these are estimates because no evidence of time bilitiestothe Center studies were indicated, in the small library even the (This does not include allocation of these hours to direct services to the reader, book selection) 13 2 2 by the salaried staff, would be significant. Several libraries identified vendors and/or pub- b. Accept discounts asof- lishers which they considered reliable. Though 19 fered through the Cen- were cited, twelve were mentioned once each.Thus ter 15 it would appear that there is a highly individualized placement of orders. Six libraries indicated the use c.Allocate a % of your total of a local book store usually only in emergencies be- budget for ordering books cause discounts were less than through vendors. through the Center .... 14 Discounts on fiction ranged from 30% to 37%, with d. Accept uniform ordering 331/4% being the most frequently cited. Discounts on procedures 15 nonfiction ranged from 10% to 35%, with 331/4% also being the most frequently cited.(One library e. Work out a program for indicated a 75% discount for current fiction and non- payment fiction, not textbooks, from Tartan Book Sales.) (1) Through deposits at These discounts seem to be fairly low as compared Center with those now offered to libraries with larger budgets (2) Within each library and to most processing centers. While discount should f.Help synchronize orders not be the sole stimulus for participating in a cen- tralized ordering program, a larger discount would be of the same title when possible 'through use of a likely result. similar selection aids ... 11 3 3 The District libraries order both monographs and serialpublications for which some have standing The Feasibility Study recommends, therefore, that the orders. The number of standing orders for periodicals District Library Center be authorized to: in 11 libraries were:1, 5, 11, 15(2 libraries),22, 50+, 51, 77, 100, 114. In 11 libraries for annuals: 1.Include centralized ordering in its District pro- 3 (2 libraries),5, 7, 10 (2 libraries),12, 17, 22, 42. gram. In 8 libraries for books in series: 4 (3 libraries) , 5 (2 2. Order all materials, both monographs and serials, libraries),10 (2 libraries),17. Some answers were too for District libraries. general to include; some did not keep records. This is 3. Coordinate selection guidance and ordering by seemingly an area in which selection guidance and issuing lists with deadline order dates. ordering procedures might be particularly informative. 4. Complete ordering procedures for any title or- While 25 of 27 libraries expressed satisfaction with dered any time. their ordering, some reasons offered for not being satis- 5. Formulate and require adherence to uniform fied were these: ordering procedures. There must be a more business like way of ordering that 6. Make arrangements for payment in a manner Would eliminate some duplicate work. We have to rely on volunteer work which is inclined to be spasmodic. most advantageous to the District libraries. Think it could be improved. Mainly ... a largerbudget. 7..Extend program to include ordering of non-book Same internal problem exists here as with book selection the work is divided among volunteers. materials as the selection program broadens.
14 If it can be done quickly enough to getthe books to the public 8. Establish itself as an arterialunit of the pro- within a reasonable time. posed Cataloging and ClassificationCenter and This depends so much on cost andtime that I can't say. If it could be done as fast and ascheaplyby all meansyes. keep the Center informed ofDistrict acquisi- We can get the books on theshelves faster with our system. tional activity and of the catalogingneeds of Not fast enough; our public wantsbooks quickly. Our work is done efficiently and at nocost. the District.* In our case, with small budget,not practical. Question ...for the Library Board ... Processing (Physical preparation) However, 13 of 16 librariesindicated that they The physical preparation of librarymaterials is a would be willing to considerthe centralization of part of the total servicesoffered by many processing processing services and that theywould be willing to centers. While the serviceitself is one that can be make changes in some ways,such as placement of quickly routinized, it has proved to be,in some proc- book pocket, to achieveuniformity..From one to three essing centers, the most contentious aspectof the entire libraries were willing to makechanges except for program. The difficultyarises when libraries, long decisions relating to: familiar with their own routines, are asked toconsider No. of libraries and to adopt variant ones. Withinthe District li- Book order information 2 The following Accession number 2 braries no such problem now exists. Data on book card 2 data reflect current individual libraryactivities within Book pocket 3 centralization of Placement of classification number 2 the District and responses to possible Cutter number 3 physical preparation. Book number other than Cutter 1 employees Identification marks 1 Of 27 libraries, 15 indicated that salaried Other .. 0 performed the tasks relating to the physical prepara- tion of materials; 12 indicated that friendsand/or From 13 to 16 librariesresponded yes or no to the volunteers assisted. The specific tasksinvolved: following questions: Checking invoices and accessioning. Would you be willing to: yes no Marking books with library stamp. Add data necessary in your ownli- Covering books with plastic jackets. brary but not considered essentialby Adding classification number to spine. others? 12 1 Typing cards, book cards, book pockets. Use a uniform system of lettering?. 11 4 Typing labels. Use uniform supplies? 12 4 Mending. Estimates of time spent by salaried staff in typing Some wavering revealed itself,however, by the com- catalog cards and preparatory services varied consider- ment: "Anything wedo not like we can changeback ably. Two libraries indicated that no salariedtime or ignore." was thus spent. The rangefor 14 libraries was from The attitudes of the Districtlibraries thus seem four hours to forty hours; in detail: little different from librarieselsewhere on the basis Hours per week No. of libraries of evidence presented in Part IIof this Study. When 1.5 3 aware of this, theDistrict libraries may free them- 6.10 2 similar embedment. 11.15 2 selves by their own initiative from 16.20 2 Future planning should not behindered by the preser- 21-25 1 be manipulated 26.30 2 vation of past routines which may 31-35 1 and revised. Moreover, becausethe ordering, re:eiving 36-40 1 and processing of library materials aremutually re- One library reported that the time was "tooindefinite lated services in the work flow,they may be separated to estimate." Two estimatedthat five and six hours from the analysis of content whichis characteristic monthly were adequate. Estimates of time spentby of cataloging and classification. friends and/or volunteers for nine librariesranged The Feasibility Study recommends,therefore, that from two to twenty hours weekly. the District Library Center beauthorized to: Despite these time consuming activities, there was uncertainty among the libraries about permitting 1. Include the physicalpreparation of all library libraries. processing tasks to be assigned to a centralized pro- materials ordered for the District gram. Among the comments werethese: 2. Formulate routinesacceptable to Districtli- braries and subject to continuingrevision. *The implementation of these recommendations presupposes the prior implementation of the recommendationthat a Cen- 3. Limit services to those librarieswhich accept tralized Cataloging and Classification Center be createdin the the routines as endorsed. eastern part of the State. Seerecommendation in Chapter I. 15 4. Establish itself as an arterial unit of the proposed the Library of Congress.) Six libraries stated that they Cataloging and Classification 'Center for the re- accepted printed cards without change. ceipt of appropriate data.* The estimated hours spent in cataloging for 14 libraries were: Cataloging and classification Hours per week No. of libraries Centralized cataloging and classificationservices 1-7 5 8-14 6 have been offered in various guises throughout the 15-21 1 years, for example, by the Library ofCongress and 22-28 1 29-35 0 The H. W. Wilson Company, by the centralized card 36-42+ 1 service of the Georgia State Catalog Card Service and Four libraries estimated time on a monthly basis as the Michigan State Library, by commercial firms of- 5, 16, 30, and 36 hours; others commented: fering full processing, and by centralized processing Varies enormously. programs and/or centers, recently emerging,which in- All volunteers; no real record kept. clude cataloging and classification as part of the total Sorry I do it in such bits I am not able to estimate. service. A deterrent to the success of some programs The following table, giving the number of salaried has been the reluctance of local libraries to accept cards staff, volunteers, estimated time in hours spent per aceived without making changes on themthis often week in cataloging and classification, annual acqui- despite their endorsement of policies which sometimes sitions, and the hours of opening per week delineates they had created. The changes made reflect variations more graphically the scheduling for cataloging and generally in form, classification, and descriptive data, classification in ten libraries:14 all highly personalized but not necessarily better deci- sions. The dedication of libraries to their own routines and to past decisions which were sometimes erroneous Staff Est. An- Hours Prof. dutiesCler. duties hoursnual opened or devised for a cause no longer relevant, canbe a FullPartFull Part Volun-per acqui- per weeks barrier to the fulfillment of a sound centralized cata- timetime time timeteersweeksitions loging and classification program. 2 0 0 0 2 1 446 16 12 1 0 0 0 94 71/2 2,508 321/2 30 Variations now existing in cataloging and classifica- 2 1 0 0 13+ 10 2,283 361/2 27 tion and the difficulties which could be encountered 0 1 0 0 22 14 714 20 12 1 0 2 5 0 21 2,363 461/2 461/2 in codifying a common policy are illustrated by the 1 0 0 0 7 25 2,287 0 22 activitiq as reported by the District libraries. 2 1 4 8 0 27 2,328 58 55 1 3 2 7 25 40 2,846 371/2 311/2 Of 27 libraries only two indicated that they had 0 1 0 4 2 no esti- 696 28 25 written cataloging and classification policies; thus it mate 0 0 0 0 64 all vol- 600 91/2 0 is possible thiit. individualized variations have occurred unteers as staff member : have interpreted the pastthrough *W = Winter; S = Summer. Salaried staff in some libraries existing records. worked more hours per week than is indicated by the hours Few libraries buy prised cards, the responses being: opened per week. yes 8; no 16; occasionally 2. Extremes in views were The irrelevance of time to annual acquisitions is reflected by the Lower Merlon. Library Association readily apparent; even more, the relation of the num- which makes Xerox copies of Library of Congress cards ber of staff performing professional duties to time. for its member libraries and by another library whose For example, one library, with one salaried staff mem- librarian commented: ber, performing professional duties in addition to I dislike printed cards; they are too busy. By that I mean directing the work of 94 volunteers, cataloged more there is too much printed on the face.I think it is confueng to the public. volumes (if it can be assumed that each volume ac- Cards are bought both from the Library of Congress quired was cataloged)in less time than five other and The H. W. Wilson Company. There were various libraries.In one instance, the time was less than broad estimates as to the availability of printed cards one-fourth that of a library with two full time and for their collections; the range estimated was from one part time salaried staff members. For this Study, 5% to 98%. (The lower estimates imply a possible no evaluation was made of time thus spent, of the lack of familiarity with the scope of the collection of quality of cataloging, or of the reasons for variations in procedures. 11.1111= * The implementation of these recommendations presupposes If it is assumed that most libraries recognize cata- the prior implementation of the recommendation that a Cen- loging and classification decision making, but not tralized Cataloging and Classification Center be created in the eastern part of the State. See recommendation in Chapter I. typing cards, as a professional responsibility, in at
16 Too much time spent onthese processes. least seven of the ten libraries,the time allocated to training. Our librarians without volunteer direct service to the clientele waslessened by from [Satisfied] except wish wedid not f, 've to depend on one day to morethan five days per week.In a few help. that some cataloging and The responses to aninquiry about theirwillingness of the libraries it is possible cataloging and classi- classification was done while thelibrary was closed. to consider auniform policy for Time estimates varied from 15minutes to two weeks fication throughout theDistrict were: in response to the question: yes 17 omitting best sellers no I How long does it generally take, if feasible with and books in immediatedemand, to make a book our system ... I available to the public after itreaches the library? no answer .... 8 One library reported: "From3 days to a month de- One library added,however, "We can alwayschange pending on backlog of work." classification numbers." For guidance some of thelibraries identified their Within the milieu ofthe District librarieswhich use of: emerges from ananalysis of annual reports,Inquiry I, No. of libraries and the current servicesof the District LibraryCenter, using it is the conclusion of theFeasibility Study that further 26 Dewey Decimal Classification improvement of servicesdoes not lie in theoffering Cutter numbers 3 Cen- Sears List of Subject Headings 16 of centralized catalogingand classification by the ... 5 Library of Congress Subject Headings ter.It is suggested ratherthat the District libraries Rules for author entry varied; somelibraries checked purposefully extend their conceptof service beyond more than one ofthe following: their own book collectionsand take full advantageof No of libraries the resources available tothem through theDistrict using approach a local card Name as it appears on title page 15 Library Center. For such an Real name if known 11 catalog becomes increasinglyprovincial in subject Entry as taken from Catalog of Books,Free only a part of the resources Library of Philadelphia 7 value when representing Booklist available in a particular area. Library of Congress cards 1 recommends, therefore, that Publishers' Weekly ...... The Feasibility Study Standard Catalogs each interested Districtlibrary experiment withthe Free Library of Phila- All 27 libraries maintained acard catalog, 24 of existing Catalog of Books of the which felt that the use of it justifiedthe time involved delphia: in making it; three felt thetime was not justified. 1. To test its use as Twenty-six of the 27 catalogs containedsubject head- a. An index tothe local collection, byauthor, ings. Cards were filed daily by onelibrary, weekly by title, and subject. 12, monthly by one, and "as time permits"by 13. Only b. An index to anexpanding universe of re- eight of the libraries reported that theykept the sources availablethrough interlibrary loan. Catalog of Books of the Free Library ofPhiladelphia c.A, guide to selection in thedevelopment of near the card catalogfor use by the readers. the local book collection. Sample cards illustrating some of the variationsthat 2. To furnish data onexclusion of titles in local can occur even thoughthe libraries tend to use the libraries. same authorities inmaking decisions appear in 3. To demonstrate to locallibraries in other dis- Chapter IV. tricts the use of a bookcatalog which, without As earlier noted, 18 of the 27 libraries responding plan, already incorporates alarge percent of the to Inquiry I indicated that they weresatisfied with local book collection. their cataloging and classification, procedures. Nine that the experiment expressed some dissatisfaction; among the reasons The Study further recommends Coordinator of District Library given were these: be directed by the Services. Have very little time available and am always looking for despite the fact that short cuts. This recommendation is made Chiefly because in a library as small as this, I must answer only four libraries of the 18responding to the question the phone, do reference work, and work at the circulation desk book catalog con- at the same time I am cataloging. indicated a willingness to "accept a Cataloging gives only limited amount of information; classi- taining your holdings ratherthan to continue to fication is too broad. Would prefer printed cards and am investigating cost and maintain a card catalog." Further supporting evidence forthe experiment is Fuller information given in response to Inquiry III. presented in the following chapter. 17 the collec- FOOTNOTES The Catalog of Books now represents ineer, Hunter A., Jr., Lower Merion LibraryAssociation ti ons of the Extension Divisionwhich consists of 39 Development Since 1961 (1965?), 7 pp.(Mimeographed.) branches, 1 regional library, 3bookmobiles, and 232 2. Pennsylvania State Library,Library Development Division, deposit stations. Two catalogs areissued: 1962-1963 (Harrisburg: Library Services Act in Pennsylvania, Adults 1963), p. 14; Letter from Mrs. MeredithR. Smith, Executive Catalog of Books for Adults and Young Director, Bucks County Free Library,Doylestown, June 16, 1966. Catalog of Books for Children 3. Beasley, Kenneth E. and Robinson,Carl E., A Study and Pennsylvania (Uni- The plan of publication is:(1) monthly cumulative Recommendations of Library Districts for adults; versity Park: Pennsylvania State University,Institute of Public lists of newly added titles for adults and young Administration, 1962), 85 pp. (2) bi-monthly lists of newly addedtitles for children; 4. Free Library of Philadelphia,"Report of District Library (3) periodic revision of the entirebasic catalog in- Center Services, 1962-63," 3 pp. corporating all additions andwithdrawals of the 5. Free Library of Philadelphia,"Philadelphia District Li- (Mimeographed.) previous months? brary Services, Annual Report, 1965," p. I. of the book 6. Ibid., pp. 1-14. With the popular acceptance and use 7.Ibid., p. 6. catalog format by the public, theapprehension ex- 8. American Association of UniversityWomen, A Survey of pressed by some staff members hasbeen dissipated. the Public Libraries in Delaware County,Pennsylvania, prepared and card State Li- Though continuing dialogue on the book by The Drexel Institute of Technology-Pennsylvania the effective use brary Project (1962) , pp. 30-33. catalog format may be anticipated, 9. American Library Association, ASurvey of the Public Li- of the book catalog seems undisputedin the Free braries in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania,prepared by The Library of Philadelphia. Drexel Institute of Technology-PennsylvaniaState Library Proj- The sharing of the book catalogs withthe District ect (1963), p. 57. demonstration of "Philadelphia District Li- libraries, as earlier noted, is another 10. Free Library of Philadelphia, Library as a District brary Services, Annual Report, 1965," p. 6. the services offered by the Free 11. Ibid., pp. 5-6. Center. Some evidence of its use bythe libraries ap- 12. Ibid., pp. 2, 4. pear in Chapter II;for example, seven cited its value 13. McFerrin, Warren, "Book Selection onWheels," The as an aid incataloging, two as a book selectionguide, Bookmark (March 1965), pp. 209-211.(Reprint.) book catalogs 14. Data from annual reports and Inquiry I. and eight reported that they kept the near their card catalogsfor possible joint consultation. The increase in interlibrazy loanservice reflects in pare its availability,since, in 1965, all but eightof the libraries borrowed from the FreeLibrary.* The potential impact of the total usefulnessof the book CHAPTER IV catalogs, however, seems yet to berealized by the District libraries. TOWARD A BOOK CATALOG The Feasibility Study has attempted,therefore, be- FOR THE cause of the fortuitousavailability of the book catalogs, PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT to explore their furtherusefulness to the District li- braries as an index of theirholdings. In making the study, it was necessary first to obtain alist of titles A book catalog.now exists in the PhiladelphiaDis- from the libraries and, secondly, tocheck the inclusion trict which represents the collections of theFree Li- of those titles in the book catalogs.Additional data brary of Philadelphia other than for thosein the on author entry,classification, and Cluttering revealed Central Library. Its development coincidedwith that variations between the decisions of thelibraries and of the Regional Plan which envisionedlibraries in those of the Free Library. the five major areas of the City. Each was to be com- parable in collections, with an initial total of100,000 Titles from District Libraries volumes, and in service to a library serving apopula- tion of 400,000. Originally, the continuing useof the Inquiry I card catalog had been presupposed but the anticipated An invitation was issued to 28 Districtlibraries to duplication of the collections and further planning submit a list' of 25 titles (includingfiction and non- led to a preference for the book catalog. By1968, ficton) purchased during 1965. Thetitles were to be both the basic book catalog representing the initial limited to those copyrighted in 1965 and were tore- collection for a regional library and the Northeast flect, on the basis of the librarian'sknowledge, titles Regional Library appeared and both have continued which seemed to be of value to thecollection or which to flourish.1 were popularwith their readers.(See Inquiry
18 Philadelphia District Appendix A.) The invitation wasaddressed only to Total Title Holdings of 36 Libraries of 256 Titles the 28 respondents to InquiryI because of their mani- Study. Of the 28 Library code Titles held fested interest in the Feasibility no. % Titles from only 19 no. libraries, 22 or 78.5%, responded. 11 190 74.2 libraries were analyzed, however,since two lists arrived 13 190 74.2 titles. 30 181 70.7 too late for inclusionand one did not identify 27 176 68.4 suggested 25 unique 2 171 66.7 Had each of the 19 libraries 18 170 66.4 titles, the total would havebeen 475, but, becauseof 26 167 65.2 duplication (and inclusion of only24 titles by one 6 159 62.1 22 159 62.1 library),the number was 257 or 54%of the possible 31L 147 57.4 implies a high degree of 5 133 51.9 total. Such a percentage 8 133 51.9 50.3 similarity in the selection ofthe respondents. The 12 129 48.8 duplication confirms the existenceof homogeneous 19 125 3 118 46.1 views based either on evaluation or onpopularity of 31B 116 45.3 16 114 443 title, for of the 96 fictiontitles, 34 or 35.4% were 108 42.0 21 41.8 cited two or more times; ofthe 161 nonfiction titles, 29 107 times. Of the titles 31G 101 39.4 38 or 23% were cited two or more 25 ...... 100 39.1 cited only once, 62 or 54.6% werefiction, 123 or 76.4% 20 98 38.3 The titles included booksfor chil- 31A ,97 37.8 were nonfiction. 24 92 35.2 dren, young adulita, and adults,though most of them 31P 87 33.9 14 85 33.2 were for adults. r7 85 33.2 Thirty-seven or 69.8% of the 53libraries (including 31C 71 27.7 7 69 26.9 17.9 the six libraries in LowerMerlon Library Association) 23 46 15.3 . 39 responded. Only 36 responses wereused, however, 4 ..... 39 15.3 9 13.7 since one arrived too late forinclusion. (See Appendix 1 35 33 12.9 A, for a copy of Inquiry IIIindicating the number of 28 10.9 15 28 libraries holding each of the titles.)Of the 256 titles: 10 26 10.2 All titles were held by atleast one library. . The titles cited 9 or moretimes were: by all 36 libraries re- One fiction title was held Fiction sponding: 9 Stone, Irving. Those WhoLove. Michener, James A. The Source. Stewart, Mary. Airs Above theGrottnd. 14 One nonfiction title washeld by 34 libraries re- Nonfiction 10 Montgomery, Ruth. A Gift ofProphecy. sponding: Collins, Larry. Is ParisBurning? 11 Thousand Days. Capote, Truman. In ColdBlood. 12 Schlesinger, Arthur M. A The range of title holdings were(1)for fiction: Inquiry II:The composite list 84 to 17 out of 95 titles; (2)for nonfiction: 109 to 6 including 95 fiction titles(one total range for fiction and non- A composite list, out of 161 titles. The title was accidentallyomitted) , and 161nonfiction fiction titles was 190 to 26 out of 256titles. The follow- distributed to all the District holdings, arranged in titles, a total of 256, was ing table indicates the total libraries. The list includedbrief entries, brief titles descending order, of the 36 libraries. (some of which were notcopyrighted,in 1965 but pre- The frequency of citation of fictionand nonfiction sumably purchased in thatyear),and Dewey Decimal titles by the 19 libraries ranged from2 to 14 as follows: Classification numbers. (See InquiryIII, Appendix A.) holdings it can be seen that: Frequency of Fiction Nonfiction From the total title citation titles titles No library had more than74.2% of the titles. 2 12 16 13 libraries had from 50.3% to74.2% of the titles. 3 8 9 with 4. 1 2 29 libraries had morethan 25% of the titles 5 .5 2 the range being from 26.9% to74.2%. 6 3 3 lower 7 2 2 7 libraries had lessthan 25% of the titles, the 8 1 1 17.9% to 10.2%. 1 0. range being from 10 Twenty or 55.6% of the 36 librarieshad more than 11 0 1 titles; 16 or 44% had 100 or lessof the 12 1 100 of the 256 13 0 0 total.Further analysis reveals(1) that 21. or 58% 14 0 19 fiction Included Not included of the 36 libraries had morethan 45 of the 95 in FLP in FLP of the Titles CatalogofBooks Catalog of Books Total (2)that 17 or47%had more than 60 titles; no. no. no. % 161nonfiction titles. Nonfiction 88 92.6 7 7.4 95 100 Eleven or 11.5% of thefiction titles were heldby Fiction 154 93.9 7 6.1 161 100 30 or more of the 36libraries, as the followingtable 242 14 256 indicates: The number of District libraries holdingthe 14 Inquiry III No.oflibraries titles not in theCatalog of Booksranged from 18 to 1: Title no. holding 81 36 No. of libraries 58 35 35 holding Inquiry III 82 title no. Author Title 34 titles 48 F NF 33 34 18 29 Geisel Fox in Socks. 43 32 70 ()Valle,Emergency in the Pyrenees. 62 32 13 28 Gaskin File on Devlin. 61 31 11 27 GardnerCase of the Troubled 35 30 Trustee. 56 30 9 30 George My Side of the Mountain.* 76 30 142 Terrell U. S. DepartmentofJustice. McShaneThe Girl Nobody Knows. Twenty-two or12.6%of the nonfiction titles were 8 54 6 57 Mercer Beyond Bojador. held by25or more of the36libraries: 94 McCord Mississippi: the Long Hot Summer.(In FLP Central Inquiry III No.oflibraries Library) Title no. holding 4 110 Page The Day Khrushchev Fell. 28 34 3 21 Breuil Menofthe Old Stone Age. 34 32 74 Horan JudoforWomen. 63 32 2 107 Newlon The Fighting Douglas 158 32 MacArthur, 160 32 1 68 Heer After Nuclear Attack. 109 31 155 30 The study thus made offers striking evidencethat 82 29 Catalog of Bookseven now could serve as anindex 29 the 100 of the collections 29 28 to an extraordinarily high percentage 67 28 of the District libraries. Through the experiment 99 28 125 28 proposed in Chapter III, more precise data can be 134 28 secured as to other titles not included. Such anexperi- 144 28 ment would provide an opportunity for anevaluation 10 27 95 27 of titles not cited and for consideration of a supple- 154 mentary volume to include those titles orfor their 6 25 basic 78 25 inclusion ultimately in a periodic revision of the 123 25 volumes were the scope to be revised. Shouldthe 161 25 experiment be extended to other Districts, similar The frequency of Jtation for all titles ranged from evaluations and considerations could be made. 36to 3 for fiction titles and from 34 to 1 for nonfiction titles. See Appendix A for "Frequency of Citation by VARIATIONS IN CATALOGING AND 36 District Libraries of the 95 Fiction Titles on In- CLASSIFICATION quiry III," and "Frequency of Citation by36District Libraries of the 191 Nonfiction Titles on Inquiry III." Descriptive and Subject Cataloging The following catalog cards selected fromthose sup- Representation of Titles in the plied by several District libraries in response toInquiry Catalog of Books I and cards for the same titles from theFree Library cataloging Of the256titles,242or 94.5% of the titles were in- of Philadelphia illustrate the differences in District libraries and the Free cluded in theCatalog of Books.Fourteen titles, 7 now existing in the Library. District cards are at the left; FLPcards at fiction, 7 nonfiction, were not cited. Of these,one the right. wasinthe Central Library only, McCord, William, Mississippi: the Long Hot Summer.Representation * This title has been ordered by FLP andis to be included of the256titles follow: in the CatalogofBooks.
20 Fiction Dumas, Alexandre,1802-1870. The three musketeers.In a newtranslation Dum Dumas, Alexandre, 1802-1870. New York,Modern New York, by Jacques Le Clercq. The three musketeers. Library 019503 Mod. Lib., 1950. the world's 712p. (The Modern library of best books)
t.
I. Title. (sample) 0 0
Fiction Knebel,Iletcher Night of Camp David. ight of CampDavid. Harper,0196 /Irst published in1965.
I. Title. o 0
. _ . ._. ..._.
Fictiom Slaughter Frank Gill Slaughter, Frank Gill, 1905 - Tomorrow's miracle.
Tomorrow's Miracle First published in 1962.
I. Title. O 0 Nonfiction Nonfiction
944.082 Manner, Janice, 18824964. Fla Paris journal, 1944.1956. Ed. by William 9146082 Planner, Janet, 1892 - Sham. Last ed.] Atheneum, 1565.' F61hp Paris journals 191114 -1965 eby. Janet Flan - ner (Genet) Edited by William Shawn. New Yorks Atheneum c(11965. 615P.
Selected from her series of letters first published in the New Yorker magazine.
1. Pariefts 1944- I.Shawn, Williams 1. Paris - Hist. 2. Fran ce - Pol. & govt. - ltd. II. Title. 19145- 3. Paris - In 0 tellectual life. I. Title.
331 Hey Reynolds, Lloyd G. 331 Reynolds, Lloyd George, 1910- 833513 Labor economics and labor relations. 3d ed. Labor Economics and Labor Relations Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall ce19593 568p. illus. Prentice-Hall
16247 - 1964- pub. 568p
1. Labor economics. 2. Industrial relations. 0 0
973 RarlensPrink R. 3r.
S-,.. Colonials and patriots; historic places 917.3 Series, Frank B commemoratingour forebears 1700 -1783, by Frank Sa73o Colonials and patriots; historic places B. SeriesJr. and Charles E. Shedd. U.S. Dept. commemorating our forebears, 1700-1783, by of tieInterior 1964 Frank B. Series, Jr., and Charles E. Shedd. 286p illua(v.6 - The National Survey of Edited by John Porter Bloom and Robert M. Historicsites and buildings) Utley. Washington, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1964. 286p. illus. (The National survey of historic sites and buildings, v.6)
o 1. U.S. - Historic hone es, etc. I. Title.
1
'720.9748 91.7.4133,;,',Tatiuna George H. T189p Tatum, George B Penn's great town. U. Penna. Pa. Penn's great town; 250 years of Phila- 01961 delphia architecture illustrated in prints and drawings. Foreword by Theo. B. White. eSponsors3: The Philadelphia Art Alliance and the College of Fellows of the American Institute of Architects. Philadelphia, Universitq of Pennsylvania Press el9613 332p plates.
Bibliography: p4337-340.
1. Architecture - Phila- &aphis - Hist. 2. PhiladelEhia - His- 0 torte houses, etc. I. Title. of the cataloging an insolubleproblem. Should any action,therefore, The thoroughness and superiority policy for the Dis- of the Free Library of Philadelphia,especially km non- be initiated concerning a common tendency, as illus- trict libraries or for manyDistricts in the State, it fiction titles, is self-evident. The of the rules trated by some of the cards,of libraries to limit should be directed toward the acceptance Association. descriptive and subject analyses oftitles because of endorsed by the American Library because of their the smallness of their collections or Sample entries from theCatalog of Books interpretations of readers' needs, haslong prevailed. be given little The following sample entries representthe record- The argument for such practice can Books which *Includes credibility in view of the present ecoa*, educa- ing of data in the Catalog of American life and in author, title, and subject entriesand name and sub- tional, and social structure of each main entry and view of the implication of thePennsylvania State-wide ject see references. Tracings for omitted. Plan. The existence of suchvariations does not pose see also references are
ELECTRONS 669 Cottrell, Alan Howard 914.3 Eish, Emma C829t2 Theoretical structural metallurgy. The unloved0011111111.Translated from the London, Arnold 019553 11122n Stein and Day c2dod.3 Gamma by Michael Okay. 251p.illus. vs1965e255p, Inns.
Translation of Die anhelalichenDeutachen.
Einstein, Charles Elementary currioulum. ed. Nays, Willie, 1931- 372 Cbaanoff, Robert 3 B book of readings. E455'5 My life In and out ofbaseball, as told 0387e Elementary ourriculuira to Charles Einstein. Dutton .019662 Pitaan Pub. Corp.c!19643 320p. Inas, 656p. (Pitman education series)
The elements rage. 551 Lane, PrankWalter 225.2 Elder, Z L241" The elements rage. Chilton Books 1122n New English Bible, NewTestament: eon- Elder. Grand I I4196 59 cordanoe. Candled by E. 346P. Inns. Rapids, Zondervan Pub, Nounc°19643 401p. Ray. and ma. edition of work first published in consordanee of words not in, ornot 1945. In the same verses as theAuthorised er- sion. A supplaent to ad.stingsoneordenees of etherverdant"
547.1 Elia, Ernest Llabdg, 1921 - ELECTRICIT!, STATIC 1443s Stereocheaistry of carboncompounds. see McGraw-Hill g1962. ELECTROSTATICS 1186p. dins. (McGraw -Hill series in advanced chaaistry)
ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES ELIOT, THOMAS STEMS,1888-1965 621.38 Duarte, Salvador R 831 Jones, Genedus Electronics assemblymethods, by S.R. E446sj Approach to the purpose; astudy of the IM5e BarnestoNoble Duarte021413R.L. Duarte. New York, poetry of T.S. Eliot. NoGraw-Hiltc°19643 v°1964a 242p. inns. 351p,
23, Author Entry "Frequency of Changes in Classification Numbers for Since the District libraries were asked to indicate Nonfiction on Inquiry III by 20 Philadelphia District their variations in author entry if they differed from Libraries." those used on Inquiry III, it can be assumed that The number of changes made by 20 libraries ranged there was a high degree of conformity in entry among from 75 to 1 as the following table indicates: the 36 respondents, or that all variations were not indicated. That all variations were not recorded can No. of Classification No. of libraries be seen by comparing entries on Inquiry II with those changes made making changes 75 1 on Inquiry III; of these two may becited:Chief 53 1 executive for U. S. President and Pope, John XXIII 48 1 44 1 for John XXIII, Pope. 40 2 36 1 On Inquiry III, 17 changes were made; for example, 32 1 fiction title 3 was entered under Foley by 2 libraries 30 1 23 1 and titles 29, 59, and 70 under pseudonyms. Five 18 1 changes were noted for nonfiction titles. With the 14 1 13 1 limited evidence of change, it can only be supposed 12 2 that the District libraries tend to accept or to estab- 6 1 5 1 lish entries largely in conformity with the policies of 3 1 the Catalog of Books with which the entries on Inquiry 1 2 III agreed. It must be noted that the library whichmade 75 changes acquired 107 of the nonfiction titles listed on Classification Inquiry III. The library had a salaried staff of one On Inquiry III, classification numbers were not as- performing professional duties and 94 volunteers. signed to fiction titles; however, each library was asked The classification numbers on Inquiry III were to indicate if it had classified fiction. Only sixclassifi- cation numbers were indicated by the 36 libraries compared to the DDC numbers on Library of Con- whose responses were analyzed; four were for titles gress cards for 155 titles only sinceDDC numbers were 5 and 6. Two libraries indicated the use of 808.83,. not included for 6 titles. The patternof agreement one, 808.3, and one, the use of S.S. The fifthchange, and disagreement emerged thus: in classification of title 64, The Gol Jen Eagle, by Titles classified Agree with DDC Disagree with DDC Robert Murphy, in 598.9 can only be considered an by FPL no. on LC card no. on LC card error. The sixth, classification of The Green Berets, no. % no. by Robin Moore, in 959.7 indicated a willingness to 146 41 28 105 72 accept fiction for face. Titles classified from other sources For the nonfiction titles, on Inquiry III, Dewey 9 3 331/4 6 Decimal Classification numbers from the Catalog of Books, were assigned to all except titles 21, 68, 74, 94, 44 111 107, 110, 118, and 142, to which numbers from District The disagreements affecting the 111 titles wereof libraries were assigned and title 41 for which the classification from Edition 17 of the Dewey Decimal four types: Classification was used. For these also 'each library Frequency of representation was asked to indicate if its classification, varied. 'Of Types no. of titles % of titles Use of "W' for biography instead of the 36 libraries, 16 or 44% made no changes; 20 or classing with subject 17 15 56% indicated variations. Of the 161 nonfiction titles, Difference in main class number 16 14 Difference within main class num- 126 or 78.3% were changed at least once; 35 or 21.7% ber 14 13 were the same. Differenceinextensionofclass number beyond decimal point A classification Lumber was considered changed if (Occasionally the FLP number was lengthierthanthe DDC it varied in any way; any number longer or shorter 64 58 than that included on Inquiry III was considered a number on the LC card) change. Variations such as the use of J to identify A comparison of the 161 nonfiction titles, analyzed age level of interest were ignored. The frequency of according to the ten main classes of Dewey, indicate changes ranged from 14 for title 67 to 1 change for the differences in main classification numbers onIn- 22 titles. For a detailed analysis, see Appendix A for quiry III and DDC numbers on LC cards:
24 Titles classified Titles classified Cuttering according to according to DDC DDC Ten on LC cards On Inquiry III, 36 Districtlibraries reported their Classes Inquiry III 4 3 use of Cutternumbers for fiction and fornonfiction. 000 6 100 5 numbers; 32 did 5 4 For fiction: 4 libraries used Cutter 230000 34 31 not. For those not usingCutter numbers, the alterna- 2 400 1 500 14 13 tives were: 11 600 12 No. of libraries 19 18 700 20 Use of first 3 letters of author's name..... 10 17 3 800 33 47 Use of first 2 letters of author's name 900 5 17 0 Use of first letter of author's name B Use nothing: arrange alphabetically byauthor's DDC 6 name 15 not given 0 identify fiction titles; 161 161 Twenty-three libraries used F to Total 13 used one of the alternativesnoted in the preceding paragraph for their arrangementof fiction titles. A variety of symbols were used todistinguish fiction for There was evidencethat, when FLPclassification adults, young adults, and children,such as use of blue numbers did not agreewith DDC numbeis onLibrary tape for adults, F-YA,and F: J. tended to of Congress cards,the District libraries For nonfiction; 8 libraries used Cutternumbers, 26 Of 265 agree withthe decisions ofthe Free Library. did not, 2 libraries did not respond tothe question. the num- classification numbersassigned to 15 titles, For those not using Cutter numbers,the alternatives bers agreed with thoseof FLP 72% of thetime, with cards 8.8% of the time,and were: DDC numbers on LC No. of libraries following differed with both 19.2%of the time. The Use of first 5 letters of author's name .. 10 examples illustratethe pattern of agreementand Use of first 2 letters of author's name Use of first letter of author's name .. 4 difference: Use classification number only ...... 9 A similar variety of symbols wereused to distinguish nonfiction for adults, young adults,and children, such No. of as use ofcolored eards or colored tape,YA call Inquiry III libraries holding and Agree Agree with Differ number, YF + class number + 3letters of author's Nonfiction DDC on LCfrom both title no. classifying with FLP name. 13 9 3 1 1 3 policy be considered, 6 258 22 0 Should a common classification 3 0 3 the meaning of 25 1 consideration should be given to 19 1 6 31 3 Decimal Classification as 40 15 12 0 Cuttering with the Dewey 11 11 0 2 49 8 well as to its value as a locationsymbol for a specific 99 28 26 0 1 call numbers which 113 18 10 0 title. The possible duplication of 8 4 3 5 already using Cutter 114 1 might occur within the libraries 122 14 7 2 8 7 0 4 numbers might create a vexing but not animpossible 128 3 180 22 13 5 discovered, an evalua- 10 situation. As duplications were 141 23 20 0 3o 20 0 6 tion could be made of eacholder title and if necessary, 155 4 0 161 25 15 some adjustmentcould be made. If the use oftradi- 51 endorsed, an alterna- 15 265 191 23 tional Cutter numbers were not tive, such as the Iliscoe time conceptmight, be considered. (Within the scope ofthe Feasibility Study, classification and Cutter- the variations, affectingthe the ultimate abandonment of While upon analysis ing within a public library with openshelf service was classification of the 105 titlesin which FLP and DDC rejected.) numbers on LC cardsdisagreed, were not so excessive original percentage of 72%implied, it seems as the FOOTNOTES imperative that, should a commonclassification policy 1. Brown, Margaret. C., "A BookCatalog at Work," Library be considered for thePhiladelphia District (and for Resources and Technical Services, VIII (Fall1964). pp. 349-358. other Districts) , impetusshould be given to the ac- 2. Free Library (ifPhiladelphia, Extension Division, Catalog the current edition of the Dewey of Books for Adults and Young Adults,Supplement A, April ceptance not only of 1966 (Philadelphia: 1966). "Preface." Decimal Classification butalso of its continual re- 3. Free Library ofPhiladelphia, "Philadelphia District Li- vision program. brary Services, Annual Report, 1965." p.6. 25
1/111186111111.101,emommom...... --- CONCLUSIONS OF THE in each library for its own author and shelf list records. That the amount of data on catalog cards, includ- FEASIBILITY STUDY ing classification, varies and that there is a strong The appraisal of the Philadelphia District libraries preference for local procedures are not characteristics and of the services available, through the District unique to the Philadelphia District libraries. While Library Center, suggests that more is being made no effort was made to prove that the needs of the available than has been incorporated into the indi- clientele were being met by the variations, they are vidual library programsFurthermore, the profiles more likely reflex endorsements, generally without of libraries in Bucks, Delaware, and Montgomery review, of decisions made by predecessors because of counties, drawn from surveys cited earlier, offer dis- expediency or of staff and/or budgetary inadequacies. quieting evidence that some communities are not yet Their continuation is more of a deterrent than a familiar with effective library service. The analysis prerequisite to the improvement of library services, as of annual reports, available for the Study, confirms can be observed from the samples of cards in Chapter limitations of staff, budgets, collections, and the hours IV. Mere reduction or re-arrangement of data does of service. The 1965 report of the Coordinator of not, in itself, insure anything but an allocation of District Library Services tempers the gloomy picture, time for completion. Both superior cataloging and however, by its perceptive viewing and appreciation classification and more time for direct services to the of the progessively widening acceptance of the services. clientele could be attained throur, :Lie acceptance of The pattern of duplication of the titles on Inquiry established standards III implies an existing conformity both in selection The emergence, meanwhile, throughout the State, policies, written or unwritten, among the libraries and of small centralized processing programs, for each of also in reading interests of library communities. Not which the motivation of good is not disputed, does only the pattern of duplication but the inclusion of a not offer assurance that standard policies are being high percentage (94.5%) of titles in the Catalog of pursued or attained. While the results may be some Books of the Free Library of Philadelphia, already escalation of conformity on a District level, there has being shared with the District, led to the proposal for been no State-wide planning. It would be unfortunate an experiment in the usefulness and limitation of the should there be a proliferation of more such pro- Catalog as an index to the individual collections. grams, largely duplicative in content but at costly Both from the somewhat unanticipated pattern of variance in detail. duplication and from the inclusion of titles in the The conclusions of the Feasibility Study, therefore, Catalog of Books, it may be hypothesized that libraries are: in other Districts would find a usefulness in a similar 1. That a centralized processing center should not catalog Were a book catalog recommended on a dis- be created for the Philadelphia Library District trict or districts basis, it is evident that by integrating alone. a collection the size of the Extension Division of the 2. That a coordinated plan for a State-wide cen- Free Library of Philadelphia, it would have repre- tralized cataloging and classification program for sented in it, by such a collection alone, thv multiple public libraries should be initiated. holdings of many smaller libraries. Further, the obli- A series of recommendations, designed to implement gation of a District Library to provide "for library the second conclusion, are to be found in Chapter I.* services with other district library centers" (The Li- brary Code, Section 102, paragraph 3) would negate * No recommendations have been made concerning the collec- the need to identify individual holdings in such a tions of the four Regional Library Resource Centers in Pennsyl- vania. Recommendations affecting the Resource Centers would book catalog but would not, of course, negate the need have been beyond the scope of the Feasibility Study.
26
Y"Itikitzat.,7LA.,'E periority, and economy, if notknown now, could well Part II be demonstrated by thechaos created shouldeach of the thirty-eight branchesof the Free Libraryof Philadelphia suddenly assumeresponsibility for its Centralized Processing: own processingservices. Recent emphasis An Appraisalof Some Existing Since the early 1950's, the term"processing" has Programs andilorCenters been broadened toinclude libraries, which, as sepa- rate administrativeunits, through agreement accept the services of a central agency.ProCessing centers in the newer concept haveemerged rapidly in the last CHAPTER V decade, particularly since stateshave fostered library development through federal aid.The following stud- CENTRALIZED PROCESSING: ies may be profitablyconsulted for some insight into TOWARD REALITY the growth, procedures,and views of some of the centers: INTRODUCTION Date 1958 Bendix, Dorothy, "Regional Processingfor Public Li- The literature of Americanlibrarianship frequently braries," Library Resources irTechnical Services, II depicts enthusiastic endorsementof an idea or a pro- (Summer 1958), 155-170. Processing Centers," Li- posal, followed later by genuine orquestioning ac- 1961 Mahoney, Orcena, "Centralized brary Resources dr Technical Services, Y(Winter 1961), ceptance, sometimes byrejection. Among these may 40-47. be included readers' advisory programs,reorganiza- Mullen, Evelyn Day, "Regional P for Public Libraries," Library Resources 6TechnicaServices, V tions of the American LibraryAssociation, library (Winter 1961), 34-40. surveys, library systems,and federal aid to libraries. 1962 Bundy, Mary Lee, Public LibraryProcessing Centers: a (Troy, N. Y.: 1962.) In the technical or processingservices may be noted Report of a Nationwide Survey 1964 Hanley, Mary, "Centralized Processing,Recent Trends Library of Congress card service,Dewey Decimal and Current Status: a Reviewand Synthesis of the Classification (DDC) numbers on Libraryof Congress Literature," University of IllinoisGraduate School of Library Science, Occasional Papers, No. 71,April 1964. cards,cataloging-in-source,the Greenawayplan, processing, com- and, currently, book catalogs, data Reasons for growth puterization, MARC Service(Machine-Readable and cen- The proliferation of centralizedservices and/or Cataloging) of the Library of Congress, intensified, in part, by: (1) theAmer- tralized processing other than within theconfines of centers has been ican Library Association which statesin its minimum the consolidated library.This report is concerned standards for public libraries that: with the last. Selection of library materials must be anorderly, coordinated process. Definition Cooperation or centralization should be soughtwherever pos. The term "processing" is hereused to include sible in organizing materials.1 ordering, cataloging /classification, andphysical pre- paration of library materials whateverthe format. (2) State libraries with theprivilege of allocating sub- Centralized processing, in part or in whole, isthat sidies; (3) guidance offered by theLibrary Extension done by one agency either for itself and others orfor Specialist, Library Services Branch, U.S. Office of others only. Some aspects of centralizedprocessing Education; (4)availability of Library Services Act have long been performed, notably centralized(and monies;(5)the public library systems programin cooperative) cataloging which emanates from theLi- New York; (6) the initial, descriptive reportsof cen- brary of Congress and centralized (andcommercial) ter activities which are rarelysupplemented by critical cataloging which emanates, for example, fromthe comments after an experimentalperiod;2 (7) library H. W. Wilson Company. A full processing program surveyors whose studies,within similar milieus, tend within the consolidated concept has beenimplemented to be somewhat repetitive;(8) perhaps, the elusive in metropolitan libraries for years. Its efficiency, su- and continuing search for the bibliothecalnirvana.
27 The proliferation, with itssubsequent problems, has Significant re-evaluations were initiated in 1965 in two been recognized by thecreation of a Regional Proc- states, in each of which a different supportive struc- essing Committee within theResources and Technical ture for centralized processing exists: in Missouri, the Services Division of the AmericanLibrary Association. cooperative; in New York, the public library systems Recommendations for centralizedprocessing ser- under the purview of the State Library. vices seem almost a sine qua nonof Itibrary surveys. For example, in 1958, when SurveyDirector Lowell A. In Missouri Martin envisioned district library- centersfor Penn- The first independent incorporated cooperative, not sylvania, among the functions proposedfor the dis- only in Missouri but, as far as is known, in the United tricts were these: States, was the Southwest Missouri Library Service, Arrangements for centralized book ordering, sothat orders are Inc., established in 1957 with the aid of a $4,000 grant pooled and maximum discounts obtained. from the Council on Library Resources, Inc. Later Experimentation with centralized cataloguing torelieve the burden of duplication of this work in eachsmall library' the Library Services Center of Missouri was estab- lished in 1960 with a grant of $15,000 made under the In the 1963 study of libraryservices in the State of proposed that profes- Library Services Act through the State Library. A Rhode Island, John Humphry brief comparison of one annual budget, number of sional centralized processing service"should be pro- library extension members, services offered, annual statistics, cost to vided to any library through a state each member,° and sample catalog cards depicts the agency."4In the later 1964 analysisof the proposed' Regional Library System for till SanDiego Area, similarities and differences between the centers: "centralized cata- Joseph L. Wheeler recommended Southwest Missouri Library Services loging, plus printedcatalogs."5The 1965 California Library Service, Inc. Center of Missouri survey, also directedby Lowell A. Martin, offered a Budget $25,866.60 (1963/64) $45,159.26 (1963) Members 12 21 proposal similar to that made forPennsylvania: Services Essentially a catalogingOrdering: cataloging, be,set up in each library center; with partial full physical processing 1. Centralized technical operations to physical processing system for all public libraries New titles a. for economy of operationfrom the standpoint of costs catalogued 5,772 8,955 b. for uniformity of practices and records fromthe stand- Volumes cat. point of readers" and shipped 39,177 52,963 Non-book 104 (Records and film-0 materials strips) Cost for Proportional according 75 plus discounted Re-evaluation membership to income price of book Yet even while the recommendations arebeing made there is evidence of discontent. In a reportfor The two centers: sample catalog cards.The sample in the Central Massachusetts Regional LibrarySystem, cards herewith demonstrate not only the difference the Esther J. Piercy observed about centralizedprocessing: the equipment used but of more consequence the Recently, librarians have begun to take another look, towonder cataloging policies which are similar though if this phenomenen [ski were a necessarystepping-stone to policy of the Library Services Center may seem some- something else or an end in itself.' what more bibliographically pleasing. In appraising the libraries of North Carolinafor Southwest Missouri Library Service, Inc. the Governor's Commission on Library Resourcesin Sample catalog cards Technique: Elliott Addressing Machine (Addressograph) 1964, Robert B. Downs identified the StateLibrary Processing Center as "potentially one of the most valuable of cooperative enterprises in whichthe pub- lic libraries of North Carolina wereparticipating." STATE GOVERNMENTS He felt, however, that two aspects of centralized proc- 34243 Ogg, Frederic Austin cuing should be reviewed: Ogg and Ray's Introduction to Ameri- can Government.cBy3l&H. Young. 12th First, should the central service be limited tocataloging, or ed. Appletonc19623 would it be desirable to set up a program of complete process- 8.00 ingordering, binding, if needed, cataloging, classification, and 1. U.S. - -Pol. & govt.--Handbooks, man- labelingso that the book would be ready for immediate uals, etc. 2. State governments3.Local, circulation. ... government--U.S. I. Ray, Parley Orman, jt. auth. II. Young, William Henry, ed. Second, what size unit is best for centralized processing; e.g., a processing center covering the state, such as that now adminis- tered for public libraries by the State Library, or city, county, 0 or regional units, as is the current practice for schoollibraries?' Very interested 10% Interested 14% Not interested ... 29% Not sure ,...... 29% Beethoven, Ludwig van Noresponse 18%" Pastoral symphony.New York Philharmonic; Leopard The variables between the two centershave invited Bornstein, conductor. by Mary Lee Bundy, 2 s. 12 in. 33 1/3 rpm. 'analysis as in the 1962 study Columbia Missouri Processing Cooperatives: aReport Based on 1. SymphoniesX. Umtata, Leonard the 'Experience of MemberLibraries. The attitudes expressed led to such conclusions as: In general members of theSouthwest Missouri LibraryService 0 expressed a higher degree of satisfactionthroughout. The Library Service Centers' [sic] mostConspicuous success has evidently been in acquisitions," However partisan or impartialthe views, one could observe that three years were tooshort a time for J Potter, Charles Francis, 391.0 comp. experimentation with one centerand that the two P More tongue tangier* and ensuing years far too short atime in which to weigh a rigmarole.WorldYuba, 41964. fairly the achievement& ofthe old and the new. 1. FolkloreachildrenT. t. questions and adminis- U. Cs Tongue tangier.and a rigmarole Action in 1965.Continuing trative changes in the StateLibrary prompted a survey of the Library ServicesCenter in 1965 which recom- mended that: The Boards of both procuring centersand the State Librarian meet at an early date toJiscuss the merger of the processing Library Services CenterofMissouri centers and the State Librarycatalog deliartment into a single Sample catalog card operational unit." Technique: Multilith Immediate action by the StateLibrary resulted in a nationwide survey addressed toprocessing services and in the appointment of Mrs.Orcena Mahoney Peterson The use ofartificial respiration as consultant.On December 12, 1965,the following in first aid.Rev. A Young made in a report America Production produced by Mc recommendations were among those Graw-I1111. to the State Library: suck & white. (First aid series) L. Respiration, Artificial I. A single processing center forMissouri libraries (excluding Z. (Series) large metropolitan librariesKansasCity and St. Louis) [to be formalized]. IL The processing center to be underadministration of the State Library." 0 The report further advised theimmediate dissolution Library Services Cen- been focused on of the autonomous status of the Reason .for interest.Attention has improved the State was ter and added that,after operations were Missouri because, within three years, libraries (including similar in purpose under the State Library, "other supporting two small centers quite Services[sic] members though not in scope of services. The centers, more- Southwest Missouri Library should be encouraged to join." over, were potentialcompetitors for members since has imple- limitations. Charles O'Halloran, State Librarian, neither acknowledged any geographical recommendation to dissolve the attitude of non- mented that part of the As each developed its program, the Library Services members revealed skepticism about both. the autonomous structure of Center and is giving attention tothe accompanying In her study of Attitudes ofNon-Members, Mary unsolved problems. One of thoseunsolved problems Lee Bundy included the following question: relates to operation on too limited abudget with which Would you consider centralized processing for yourlibrary, pro- the former Administrator hadbeen long familiar. Mr. vided you could receive the type you wish at a reasonable cost? O'Halloran states that: To the question the response fromforty-nine 'non- As of February 1, the State Library took overthe manage. members was: ment and operation of the centerhere in Jefferson City. We 29 assigned one of our own staff to be the managerof the center. some amalgam of variations within each system, the She is not a professional librarian but is verymuch experienced conformity is self-contained but not necessarily ir- in technical processing and does have aconsiderable skill at reconcilable, as the following sample catalog cards management and organization. We havebeen in it for such a demonstrate: short period of time that it is difficult for me, atthe moment, to say just what we have discovered. I dothink we have dis- of time, Buffalo & covered that that particular center, for a long period Erie County was operating on an extremelylimited budget and, therefore, was unable to accomplish some of thethings that might have been desired. In addition to that I think we discoveredthat certain minor adjustments in organization could achieve rather substantial improvements. We haven't yet determined any basic changes in the program or any new approaches to the old prob. PR Brooks, Cleanth, 1906- ed. lem which we have had. We are conscious of the possibilities 1109 An approach to literature Ays Cleanth of new cataloging projects on the national level and their im- 8675 Brooks, John Thibaut Purser sand. Robert pact on us and our hope is that whatever we do can fit into 1964 Penn Warren. lath ed. New York, Appleton - new programs as they are developed. Frankly, as you can see, Century- Crofts gc196411 at the moment we are simply trying to make the present frame- xvi,917p 26cm. work move faster and better and haven't yet reached the stage J where we are trying to solve some of the basic and fundamental 1. English literature - Selections, problems of the center .0 extracts, to. 2. American literature - Selectio extract*, etc. Perhaps with State subsidies the Center will thrive, I. Title for bred in penury its members were seemingly un- willing or unable to increase the $.75 charge per vol- ume whatever the consequences. Thus it would appear that with this Center, the cooperative, autonomous concept was vividly but Finger Lakes System briefly illuminated.Meanwhile such questions as these await probing: (1) Should a second center have been established?(2) Would the Library Services Center have been established had federal funds not B RUNYON been available?(3) What were the relations of the Hoyt, Edwln Palmer State Library to the centers throughout the period, A gentleman of Broadway. Little, 1964. 369p. 1957-1965?(4) Was the cooperative concept doomed because of its belated emergence at a time when libraries were contemplating systems and district struc- tures underwritten, in large part, by federal and state aid? 1 Runyon, Damon, 1880-1946 I Title
In New York In New York State where a pattern of centralized 0 processing has been developed in a plan similar to that proposed for Pennsylvania with its District Li- braries and in California with its systems, a reap- Nioga System praisal has recently been made which would escalate some aspects of processing from a systems to a state- wide level. Libraries, long almost entirely dependent Bontemps, Arne. upon local tax monies and endowments, nowflourish B Chariot in the sky; a staryof the within a complex of twenty-two public library systems, Jubilee Singers; illus by CyrusLeroy Baldridge. Holt. 1051. consolidated, federated, or cooperative. Each library, while retaining autonomy, receives advice and assis- (Land of tho free series) tance in areas such as budgeting, training of staff, book t 1. Fisk Jubilee Singers. Fiction selection, processing and reader services, and publicity. S. U.S. History. Civil War. Fiction While it can readily be assumed that the systems 3. Negroes. Fiction structure both strengthens the services and enriches 10-5 (I) the resources of the participating libraries, the systems 0 are highly individualistic. Though there has been
30 (exclusive of North Country The Systems.The nineteen systems System the three in New York City) present afurther medley as to numberof members, titles cataloged,and vol- 671 umes processed asthe following data illustrate: Rusinoff, Samuel Eugene, 1894- Manufacturins processes; materials No. of No. of titles No. of volumes" and production.Merv. ] Illustrated. members" in cataloged' processedb Chicago, American Technical Society, System 1963 1965(1964 or 1964/65)(1964 or 1964/65) c1949-62 165,588 753p. Buffalo-Erie 26 25 23,013 Finger Lakes .25 27 9,405 3:4163 Mid-York 37 38 11,023 43,348 Mohawk Valley 9 10 6,604 27,985 1. Metal-work 2. Plastic materials Nassau 47 51 22,014 153,165 3. Machine-shop practice L TC Nioga 18 18 39,313 44,359 North Country69" 57 7,067 25,348 Pioneer 62 58 11,528 113,666 0 Southern Adirondack 25 24 7,759 22,261 Pioneer Suffolk 36 39 25,000 rest.) 79,195 Westchester 37 37 11,715 91,712 q520 processing figures are 1963 Alter, Ditemore, 1888- The 1965 and/or 1965/66 Picwrial astronomy [by]Dinsmore likely to be much higher for manyof the systems than Alter, Clarence H. Cleminshaw,and John Westchester and Suffolk antic- G. Phill.ps.2d rev. ed. ,Crowell, the present ones; both c1948- 63 ipate growth beyond 100,000in volumes processed. 312p. reThe Director of the SuffolkCooperative Library Sys- tem views theprocessing of 1,000 volumes aday as readily attainable as dataprocessing techniques are 1. Astronomy L TC refined. Divergencies among theSystems.Budgets, staffs, and administrative decisions,presenting an equally Southern variant range as do the numberof member libraries, Adirondack contribute further to the profileof each system. Among the divergencies are these:18 materials. 915.1 Jan Cope 1.Including processing of non-book Let's visit China. Day 1959 2. Including school libraries asnon-members. 96P illus 3.Including services to colleges anduniversities. 4. Using an outside agency forpreparation of a book catalog. 5. Contracting with anotherSystem for technical services. 3.Chins (People's Republic of China,191e9- j I Title 6.Issuing book catalog to members. 2 Commstigs- Chins routines. (author card) 7.Permitting individualism in (2) 8. Maintaining a book care program. 9. Guiding book selectionthrough exhibits on Westchester bookmobile. 10. Using data processing. 11. De-emphasizing concurrentand duplicative 822.33Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. ordering. T (Taming of the shrew( 1954 The taming of the shrew; edited by Thomas Thus it appears that standardization,desirable or not, G. Bergin. (Rev. ed.( New Haven, Yale University Press (c1954( is as elusive on a systemsplan as it was on a local 125p. 18cm. (The YaleShakespeare) level. The movement from local to systemsneverthe- Includes bibliographical references. less has broadened the base ofstandardization by es- calating the level of diversification.In general mem- I.Bergin, Thomas Goddard, 1904- ed. ber libraries within each system appear tobe satisfied 1I.Title. `Some of the figures include book and non-bookmaterials. 0 b Some of the figures include book andnon-book materials. with the processing serviceswithin their own systems In other states and to be undisturbed byvariations from other sys- Centralized processing services, in part or in whole, tems. are available and/or centers,variously organized, have been created in many other states, among them Cali- New York Survey, 1965-1966.Such adisparate pat- fornia, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, tern could only invite areview of the systems struc- Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, ture; it has compelledthe attention of the State Ohio, Oregon, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.22 Some have Library which contracted withNelson Associates, Inc., encountered crises which threatened their survival but in cooperation with TheodoreStein Associates, to most have endured. Of these, theBook Processing make an analysis of the complex program19 The two Center, Oak Park, Illinois, made a courageous and fundamentalquestionsprobed and theanswers productive self-appraisal as a result of which it has thereto indicate a continuing searchfor standardiza- regained its financial and service equilibrium after tion. They are: a near disastrous experiment2s A. What is the optimum number of processing centerswhich Another state which has been in upheaval is Ohio. should be operated for the public library systemsof the The Library Service Center of Eastern Ohiosurvived state? despite the data of the 1964 annual report: Number I. For cataloging and acquisitions, one centeris proposed to meet all the public library needs of the state,in- of volumes processed in 1964 (54,891 ) was a 161/2% chiding those of New York City. decrease from the 1963 total; the cost per volume 2. For physical processing, three centers areproposed to Meet upstate needs; for NewYork City, it is suggested increased from $.705 to $.79, for an increase of 8.9%, that physical processing not be furthercentralized for though the standard charge per volume had remained the near future. $.75.24 With the appointment of a new, full-time B. What is the best method for thedevelopment of catalogs for the member libraries of the systems? administrator as of January, 1966, the fifth since 1958, 3. For the six or seven largestlibraries in the state the Center insures its somewhat tenuous existence (Brooklyn, Queens, New York Circulation Department, strengthened by the perserverance of its Board Mem- Rochester, Syracuse, Buffalo, and portions of theState Library collection are specifically suggested) aunion bers.25 catalog in book form is proposed, marked to showthe The earlier emphasis on Missouri and New York holdings of these largest libraries and designed to sup- plant their card catalogs. Such a catalog is also seen as does not imply, therefore, that other centers had a finding tool for librariansand patrons statewide. solved their problems but rather that the momentous 4. For approximately 180 of the next largestlibraries in the state, nine regional catalogs in book form are pro - studies being made signal a need for more preliminary rposed, each marked to show the holdings ofthe 20 planning and deliberate speed in decision making. In a°rsgstlibraries iri the region, and designed to supplant their card catalogs. the following chapters centralized processing programs 5. For all libraries whose holdings are notshown in the and/or centers will be viewed in more detail as to ten catalogs referred to above, itis proposed that cata- log cards be produced by the statewidecataloging cen- type, membership, and activity. ter for filiqg in presentlymaintained card catalogs, accept in instances where no catalogs arerequired." FOOTNOTES While the response to the New YorkState Library 1. American Library Association, Coordinating Committee on and the systems libraries to theproposal is awaited, Revision of Public Library Standards, Public Library Service; a there may be questions aboutand criticisms of the Guide to Evaluation, with Minimal Standards (Chicago: Ameri- can Library Association, 1956), pp. 49, 51. "best method for the developmentof catalogs" with That the standards themselves are under scrutiny is evidenced the phasing out of card catalogs in somelibraries and by the recent grant of $50,460 from the Council on Library Re- sources for a study to test the validity the public library sys- their retention in the type of library mostlikely to be tems concept as earlier recommended inn Public Library Service. ill equipped to develop a syndetic cardcatalog sane- Miss Alta Parks, president of the Public Library Association, observed that: ture.Another question might relate to the actual There is some evidence that as systems grow, theyexperi- necessity of nine regional catalogswith holdings in- ence serious difficulties which may be due tofundamental dicated. weakness in the systems structure. Some apparently well- established systems are threatened with the withdrawal of The findings of the Survey meanwhilewill be of the larger communities to establish independent libraries. some practical valuebeyond the State, especially Ap- CLR Recent Developments, No. 184, pendix D, "Processing Systems Considerations,"since February 27, 1966 elsewhere inquiries concerning thefeasibility of one 2. An exception is the Southwest Missouri LibraryService, Inc., which has been widely publicized not only by thewritings processing center have been made. of Willard K. Dennis and Mary Lee Bundy but also by twoALA The Survey wisely advises: publications: A period of about three years will be required for necessary Date system design and programming. Subsecidentlyit is estimated 1959Kenney, Brigette L., Cooperative Centralized Process- that a two-year period of testing and phasedimplementation ing; a Report of the Establishment and First Year of will be required before a smoothly operating Statewide program Operation of the Southwest Missouri Library Service, can be achieved." Inc. (Chicago: American Library Association, 1959.)
32 Missouri Library Ser- The report is to be incorporated into thetotal evaluation 1962Carhart, Frances D., Southwest study being conducted by, the Office of Researchand Evaluation vice, Inc.: a Study in Co-operativeCentralized Techni- Library Association, in the Education Department, to be completedin the summer cal Services (Chicago: American g 1966. Letter from S; Gilbert Prentiss, August9, 1965. 1962.) 21. New York State Library, CentralizedProcessing for the 3. Pennsylvania State Library,Library Service in Pennsyl- Public Libraries of New York State, p. 2. vania, Present and Proposed; LowellA. Martin, Director (Har- 22. For specific identification of the Centers, seeAppendix B. risburg: State Library, 1958), I,105-106. 23. Interview with Lester L. Stoffel,Librarian, Oak Park 4. Humphrey, John A., LibraryCooperation; the Brown Uni- Library, Oak Park, Ill. See also the following articles:Hendricks, versity Study of University-School-CommunityLibrary Coordi- Donald, "Cooperative Growing Pains," LibraryJournal, XC nation in the State of RhodeIsland (Providence, R. I.: Brown (November 1, 1965), 4669-4703; Hendricks, Donald,"Organiza- tion for Processing at the Book Processing Center,Oak Park, University Press, 1963), p. 35. for 5. Wheeler, Joseph L.,Proposed Regional Library System Illinois. (Unpubliihesd manuscript, 1966.) the San Diego Area (San Diego,Calif.: San Diego PublicLibrary, 24. Letter from Rea and Associates, Accountantsand Auditors, "Centralized Cataloging," pp.58-63. New Philadelphia, Ohio, January 26, 1965; LibraryService Cen- 1965) , p. 3. See also Bowler, Roberta, PublicLibrary Statement of Income and 6. Martin, Lowell A. and the ter of Eastern Ohio, "Comparative Service Equal to the Challengeof California; a Report to Expenses, ..,December 31, 1964." State Librarian (Sacramento: 1965), p.80. 25. Letters from Walter D. Morrill,Part-time Administrator, and made for libraries in Southern Library Service Center of Eastern Ohio, August 18, 1965, A similar recommendation was November 29, 1965. California by Maurice F. Tauberin his study includedin Strength Through Cooperation inSouthern California Libraries, by Martha Boaz (Los Angeles:1965), pp. 75-90. The recom- mendation,
That a Center for TechnicalProcessing be establishedfor CHAPTER VI the libraries in the fourcounties of Southern California to handle the acquisition of booksand possibly Federaland California documents, in additicAa toperforming cataloging CENTRALIZED PROCESSING: and classification operations. CENTERS AND SERVICES 7. Piercy, Esther J., "A Report onProcessing Cooperation for BY TYPE Central Massachusetts RegionalLibrary System" (1965), p. 6. (Mimeographed.) Centralized processing, while lessening someof the 8. Governor's Commission onLibrary Resources, Resources of North Carolina Libraries, edited byRobert B. Downs (Raleigh: problems within the locallibrary, has created new The Commission, 1965), pp. 60-61. and perhaps more consequential ones.Yet it world 9. Missouri State Library, Ann-..alReport, 1963-64 (Jefferson City, Mo.: Missouri State Library,n.d.), pp. 71-72. be fatalistic to assume that aspectsof the concept 10. Bundy, Mary Lee, Attitudes ofNon-Members of Missouri should not be recommended or thatits potential does Cataloging Cooperatives TowardCentralized Processing (Urbana, achievements. While its rapid 1961), p. 4. not exceed its present 11. Bundy,Mary.Lee, Missouri ProcessingCooperatives: a emergence supportsthe explosion theory of the times, Report Based on the Experience ofMember Libraries (Troy, the diversification among the programsbelies the N. Y.:1962), p. 10. 12. Blasick, Hank, "Survey of LibraryServices Center of axiom that like begets like.This may be a happy Missouri, Jefferson City, Missouri, 1965," p.14. (Mineographed.) review of the types of processing 13. Peterson, Orcena Mahoney, "Retort toMissouri State omen. Meanwhile a Library, 12-10.65," p. 1. (Mimeographed.) centers, with some of theircharacteristics, depicts cur- 14. Letter from Charles O'Halloran, StateLibrarian, Missouri rent variables whichmake assessment difficult. State Library, March 26, 1966. 15. New York State Library, Library ExtensionDivision, A Processing services are available in asomewhat Primer of Public Library Systems in New YorkState (Albany: complex pattern from which threearbitrarily identi- 1963), p. 19; see also Rev. ed. (Albany: 1966), p. 19. 16. In the Primer (Albany: 1963) the numberof members for fiable types emerge:(1)the autonomous, (2)the North Country is listed as 57; in the 1964 "AnnualReport, North neo-departmental within an existing agency,(3) the Country System," the number is listed as 69. 17. Figures secured from interviews or from annualreports. multipleservicecenter encompassingprocessing. When discrepancies occurred, data were made toconform with Among each there are differences inorganization, Libraries of New that in Centralized Processing for the Public membership, scope of services, and costs. One or more York State-a Survey conducted for the NomYork State Library by Nelson °Associates, Inc., in Collaboration withThe Theodore of these characteristics is included foreach center or Stein Company (New York: 1966), "Appendix A," pp.6-7. An example of a variation is that the Mohawk Valley LibraryAs- program identified.* sociation, through the Schenectady. County Public Library,fur- nished statistics for the Pennsylvania Study indicating that 3,662 books had been processed for its eight member libraries in1964. THE AUTONOMOU3 STRUCTURE 18. Based on data secured from documents such asannual The autonomous center is directedby a board of reports or publicity releases. 19. Letter from S. Gilbert Prentiss, State Librarian andAs- trustees representingmember libraries and is fully sistant Commissioner for Libraries, New York, August9, 1965. supported by its membership. The center maybe 20. The two questions appeared in Nelson Associates,Inc., its "Information Concerning a Study of Centralized Processingand cooperative in that the budget is divided among Cataloging for the New York State Library Systems" (NewYork: members or in that the members may contract to pay June 23, 1965), p. 2; New York State Library, Centralized Proc- essing for the Public Libraries of New York State; a Survey a certain fee, asthe following examples illustrate: conducted for the New York State Library by Nelson Associates, inc., in Collaboration with The Theodore Stein Company (New * Data based on interviews, correspondence,publicity, and York: 1966), pp. 1-2. reports. 33 ColoradoThe Northern Colorado Processing Cen- IllinoisThe Book Processing Center is integrated ter began operation nn January 1, 1962, as an associa- within the Oak Park Library whose Board agreed to tion with a membership consisting of the Boulder finance the beginnings of the Center from local tax Public Library, Longmont Public Library, and the monies and a small endowment. According to the con- Weld County Library. As of 1965 the Center was tract each member agrees to expend no less than 75% serving 17 libraries(11 library accounts) and will of its book budget through the Center and to pay continue to be housed in the Weld County Library in $1.20 per volume processed. The Center, initially more adequate quarters than originally used.Accord- launched with 35 libraries participating, seven of ing to the contract each member guarantees "to send which were school libraries, reviewed and corrected as a minimum, 50% of the books purchased fromthe some of its miscalculations and now seems to have current book budget," and, as of this date, $1.00 per resumed its initial impetus. The processing rate is copy which includes a rental fee of 5 cents per volume. estimated at 250 volumes daily. Unlike most of the centers, whatever the structure, an IndianaThe Crawfordsville Purchasing and Proc- estimated processing charge is billed to the libraries essing Center is situated in the Crawfordsville Public quarterly in advance.1 Library which contracts for services as do other mem- MissouriThe two centers in Missouri were both bers. The Center serves over 40 libraries (49 as of cooperatives though changes in the structure of the March 1965) who have agreed to order through the Library Services Center are to be or have been made Center and to pay $.90 per volume (after July 1965) since its administration is now under the aegis of the and $.80 for each additional volume. Total volumes State Library. As earlier noted, the difference in processed in 1964/65 (including State Library proj- financial structure originally was striking in that one ects) : 18,602. had a set price per volume processed; the other, which continues, prorates payments of each member on its Within a County Library: total income. OhioThe Library Service Center of Eastern Ohio, CaliforniaNumerous centralized processing pro- originally envisioned as a multi-service program, has grams have been developed within the county library been unable thus far to offer more than centralized structure which flourished early in California. The processing; Each of its 19 contracting members agrees centers serve either a single or a multi-county unit; to expend 75% of its budget through the Center and among them are: to pay $.75 per volume processed. Non-members, in- Membership Volumes cluding 18 schools and one community college, are Single county processed charged $1.00 per volume. Total volumes processed Monterey 7 (public + junior 25,000 annually in 1964: 54,891. college) San Mateo 5 public -{- 63,583 (1964/65) THE NEO-DEPARTMENTAL STRUCTURE branches The neo-departmental center functions within an Multi-county existing local, county, or state agency which assumes administrative and, in large part, financial responsi- Contra Costa/Alameda2 counties bility for the service whatever its scope. "Neo-depart- Fresno: San Joaquin Val- mental" indicates that, while the Center function, ley Library Processing within the administrative confines of the agency, its Center 3 counties responsibilities exceed those of other departments San Joaquin: Stockton-San 66,000 (1964) Joaquin since the needs of the members of the center must be 4 counties considered in a perspective broader than that of the Ventura: Black Gold Co- 53,501 (1964) operative LibrarySys- needs of the specific library with which it is associated. tem Processing Center .2 counties (7 public Within a Local Library: libraries) FloridaThe Book Processing Center, Orlando, is The centers differ greatly among themselves, for structured within Orlando's Albertson Public Library; example, the Monterey County Library contracts vari- its membership consists of 17 library systems in 31 ously with each of its members: books may or may not counties. Each member agrees to expend at least 75% be purchased through the County Library. Another of its book budget through the Center and to pay a variant is that the Monterey Peninsula College con- per volume cost determined annually, for example, tracts at a much higher cost per volume than the $.80 in 1964-65. Total volumes processed in 1964/65: public library members. In the Stockton-San Joaquin 106,381. program:
34 Within a State Library yearly for specialservices, among Contract libraries contract predicated on of some them technical processing.The contract cost is The range extendsfrom the nothingness from known bookbudgets. They payfor ambitious program* of total estimated load payments' recently launched services, among them technicalservices, in lump sum states to the the Texas StateLibrary which as ofJuly 1, 1965, The Black GoldCooperative LibrarySystem, which data processing program book catalog inaugurated an automatic does not includeordering, produces a pilot project of theState Libraryunder the Li- libraries. The divergentand as a for its seven member brary Services andConstruction Act.4Intermediate existing would requireevalua- complex pattern now variations are representedby the following state ac- these programs(including the tive studies of each of tivities: North Bay CooperativeLibrary System)should the considered feasibleorigi- California survey be FloridaSince it was not recommendations of the recent nally to establish aprocessing center atthe State implemented. Library, the Libraryencouraged the creationof one Albertson Public Libraryin Orlando. The Shore Processing Centeris at the MarylandThe Eastern center received a grantof $17,500 fromLibrary Ser- structured within theWicomico CountyLibrary, equipment and suppliesand pro- which vices Act funds for Salisbury. Its membersnumber 22 libraries of second year.5 The Center vided $5,000 for the 16 are countylibraries in Maryland. GeorgiaThe State CatalogSbrvice has been fur- also serves 12 townlibraries in Delawarefor which since 1944 forlibrary books made the nishing catalog cards the Delaware StateLibrary Commission purchased through theState Department ofEducation member is expected toexpend 75% contract. Each if they are requested oncurrent bookpurchase orders of its book budgetthrough the Centerand to pay $.75 public libraries. The costof service is Total volumesprocessed from school or per volumefor processing. $.05 net per title.Cards are distributed to32 regional in 1964/65: 82,520.The inclusion ofanother State 1,500 schools and to2 school extraordinary (public)libraries, in the ProcessingCenter represents an 1965/66, 328,338 setsof cards were fur- barriers and may wellantici- systems. In penetration of traditional nished to schools and95,817 sets to publiclibraries. pate moreplanning withinflexible geographical cataloged during theperiod.6 state 6,764 titles were concentratesratherthanwithininflexible HawaiiThe Hawaii StateLibrary, under the boundaries. direction of James A.Hunt, formerly anassistant to Walter H. Kaiserof the WayneCounty Library, MinnesotaThe Anoka CountyLibrary in Minne- centralized processing pro- libraries Michigan, has introduced a apolis serves eight countyand regional public of that in WayneCounty. It is the first $.15 per set gram imitative which pay $.65 pervolume processed and statewide program toinclude all the bookrequests of cards furnished.The statistics indicateincreasing about 250 schools in one opera- processed in the first from 45 libraries and growth for more volumes were tion. According toMr. Hunt a staff of35 now accom- eight months of 1965than were processedin all of required about 250 clerks.The volumes; in 1965 foreight plish what previously 1964.(In 1964: 26,000 vast reductionis attributed tocentralized concurrent months: 29,900 volumes.) ordering, the continuous conveyorsystem, data proc- essing techniques,and a teamincreasingly efficient OregonIn 1960 under astate grant thePublic volumes of work. Thestatistics are undertook in handling large Library of Medford andJackson County imposing as compared tothose of other programs:in the cataloging andphysical processing, but notthe volumes were processed.After Library and 1964/65 about 200,000 ordering, of books forthe Ashland Public the addition of theschools, the centerprocessed that the JosephineCounty Public Library.An chjective first six months of thefiscal year, 1965/66, processing many in the of the experiment was"to Eee if centralized with the same numberof employees" is feasible and animprovement in the libraryservice KentuckyFollowing a survey ofthe processing cen- whether or not itshould be con- of the county and ter of theDepartment of Librariesmade by Miss Jewel tinued after thedemonstration." The programhas con- 1964, the Departmentstreamlined its library C. Hardkopf in tinued. As in other centersfor which a large of 1965 was"instigating the use of tends to insure program and as assumesresponsibility, that library the UNIVAC 1004 computeras nowused in the success. As ofthe 1964/65 report,19,845 units were for the Public Library processed of which 13,689 were * Since the completionof this Study theCentralized Processing of Medford andJackson County.Originally there Center of the Texas StateLibrary has been closed.However, its demise does notimply the invalidationof its noteworthy was a slightprice differential but asof 1965/66, each which have been cited inthe Study. has ex- routines and procedures Center is soon library pays $1.25 perunit. The Director A recommendationregarding the futon e of the Services Associates, Inc.,New York. pressed "hopes ofexpanding in the nearfuture."5 to beide by Management 35 Nassau and Suffolk County Libraries in New York nished to some sixty libraries. The Center does not State."' offer centralized ordering services but will order from MichiganThe State Library has furnished catalog the State Library jobbers if a library requests the cards since 1964 for titles of some 24 publishers service.", (Greenaway plan) and for titles on replacement lists WyomingIn its first year the Wyoming State Li- to 125 libraries affiliated with 22 systems. Each system brary created a backlog crisis in its Centralized Pur- receives the 'titles from the publishers for review be- chasing and Processing Center by accepting orders fore ordering. Sets of cards with extra cards for shelf from 18 county libraries in October 1964 but not ac- list, pocket and book cards are furnished at no cost. tually cataloging and processing until February 1965. Estimated distributionof cards weekly:100,000- There is a rueful acknowledgment in a report from 150,000, the State Library that: Many of the problems encountered in the first year could have NevadaThe State Library maintains a cooperative been avoided by a longer planning period.. and a better Processing Center for 10 libraries, at present, each of preparation. which defrays a pion of the costs of operation by a Some guidelines, synthesized from the frank appraisal, flat percentage applicable to all members. Total vol- caution against simi4r mistakes in developing a umes proces.sed in 1964-65: 4,472. processing program; they are: New HampshireThe New Hampshire State Li- 1. Do not accept orders until all equipment and brary offers selection advisory services, centralized supplies are in operational condition. (Both had ordering, and a unit card centralized cataloging pro- been promised in October but were not delivered gram to about 153 public libraries each of which com- until much later) pletes the physical processing and the unit cards. A 2. Do not accept processing idiosyncrasies of each Manual for Centralized Book Purchasing (January library; urge standardization. (18 or more differ- 1965),and a Manual for Centralized Cataloging Card ent routines had to be developed) Service (March 1965) provide detailed directions for 3. Do not promise more than was or can be per- ordering and preparing sets of cards with unit card formed. (Beware of unforeseeable incidents such data. About 400,000 cards per year are distributed to as machine breakdown, staff illness, etc.) the member libraries. The State Librarian has ex- 4. Do not process best sellers and books of immediate pressed the hope hat "with the advent of additional timely interest.(County libraries were informed funds in future years we will be able to expand this of, this decision but some failed to observe the re- operation to include the complete processing of the striction.) bocammo 5. Do not let backlogs pile up; if they do pile up, North CarolinaRequests made by public librar- develop procedures to avoid appearance of pre- ians for some relief from the time-consuming tasks ferred treatment to some member libraries. involved in processing and the timely availability of. 6. From the beginning keep accurate records of books Library Services Act (LSA) funds stimulated the ordered, received, and processe& establishment of the Processing Center in the State 7. Do not anticipate immediate duplication of title Library. In its membership are 53 public libraries orders; however, centralization of card reproduc- each of which agreed originally to spend 80% of its tion promises to be rewarding as random duplica- total budget through the Center and to pay $.75 per tion occurs. (In three months of 1965, 63% of the volume processed. Later it was agreed that the mem- orders were for single titles.) 12 ber libraries could spend any amount they wished to Such a genuine striving and recognition of miscalcu- As of 1965 the cost per volume processed was $1.01. , lations hopefully has absolved the past and redirected Total volumes processed in 1964/65: 88,589. future planning. OhioTheOhio.State Library Catalog Center spoil- sors a highly individualized service program designed Other statesAmong other states which maintain to meet the individual needs as expressed by its par- centralized processing programs are California and ticipating libraries. The services are available to pub- Oklahoma. The California State Library Processing lic, school, and college libraries. The Center catalogs Center is self-supporting.Its 21 libraries (city and and processes for some thirty libraries throughout the county) contract to send through the Center a cer- State, each of which may select one of the following tain number of volumes each fiscal year for which Pans of service, custom, package, or standar& In they pay $1.40 per 'volume. Total volumes processed addition,- sets of catalog cards (LC cards reproduced (volumes shipped) in 1964/65: 53,291.1$ The State from proof ,Meets by Xerox and Multilith) are fur- Library of Oklahoma has a County Processing Section
36 emerged slowly. serving one multi-county and onecity. In 1964 the CaliforniaThe systems concept has long-established county Section processed 7,500 volumes. in California because of the seemingly abandoned organizational pattern, Recently, however,the North Only one State Library has System has been created a centralizedprocessing rogram. In June, 1965,the Bay Cooperative Library centralized Book Process- which comprises sixteen librariesin the counties of State of Idaho dropped 4,ts Solano,.and Sonoma. ing which had been available to21 libraries. The Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Napa, because the budget could The system is an independent agencywith a member- program was phased out which includes all not sustain both the,processing and the field work. ship fee, based on population, Librarian, gave as, a services. It is now a demonstrationproject, receiving Miss. Helen M. Miller, State latter to cease in second reason for discontinuingthe Center the fol- both state and federal funds, the 1967. The present charge is $.50 pervolume ptocessed lowing: which is one-half the estimated costbut possible be- We are working toward six regional library systemsto cover the Total volumes processed in state, with all local libraries to beencouraged to join in the sys- cause of the subsidies. tem by contract with the system center.Processing should be 1964/65: 58,183.16 one service of the center, andperhaps the easiest to sell to the Another recently organized system is theSerra Re- local trustees and librarians.14 gional Library System, a cooperativewhich includes processing among the Miss Miller later commented on four separate public libraries in 'theSan Diego area: services offered as being: Carlsbad City Library, National CityPublic Library, Only one phase of the library operation,and ... wetoo often Oceanside Public Library, and SanDiego Public Li- get side-tracked on that and forgerthat a librarian who can't process her books may also haveproblems with selection, budget, brary. Thus far the Systemhas not included central reference, and all other services. Processing, therefore, maynot processing but has considered the possibilityof a book be the most important service which a state canoffer its li- Library decide braries.* catalog should the San Diego County to join .17 Thus a striking contrast occurs.Idaho, dissatisfied seeks to frag- MichiganThe systems concept seems tobe newly with its one centralized processing center Grand Traverse ment the responsibility amongits proposed six re- represented with the creation of the Area Federation, composed of 22libraries.It was gional library systems. Meanwhile,New York, having its systems libraries, established with State aid and, at present,because of dispersed the responsibility among processing is $.30 almost simultaneously seeks asolution to excessive the subsidy, the cost for centralized fragmentation by the possible creationof one catalog- per volume. Thelibrary system in Michipn, however, public libraries in- which has more than proved the meritof its vision is ing and acquisition center for all Established in cluding the three great libraries inNew York Cty. the Wayne County Library Syatem. 1920, it functions as a federationcharacterized by CENTER ENCOMPASSING centralized administration and decentralizedpolicy MULTIPLE SERVICE 1065 of 26 com- PROCESSING making Its membership, consists in ranging in popu- usually within a fed- munity libraries serving communities The multiple service center, lation from 2,000 to over 75,000. The servicesinclude erated or cooperative structure,offers such services guid- book selection guidance, ordering,cataloging, and AS advice onbudgeting, building, and staffing; ordering are selection and weeding; broadeningof final processing of materials. Bills for ance in book rendered at intervals; the cost of processingis $1.20 reader services and scope ofthe local collection per volume. Totalvolumes processed for 25 libraries through interlibrary loans, rotatingcollections, book- processing (ordering, in 1963/64: 74,376. mobiles, and reference services; is a cataloging, classification, andpreparation of mate- MissouriThe Mid-Continent -Library Service rials) ; and publicity. Such a programwhile long recently organized systems programrepresenting more demonstrated, in part, within thefederated structure than one county. It is, in part, afederation and, in of the Wayne County LibrarySystem in Michigan part, a consolidated programfor it is controlled and of members was too much of aninnovation for ready adoption into managed by a governing board made up of the partici- the traditionally autonomouslocal library pattern. of the respective county library boards As the library systems conceptemerged, strength- pating units. Director of Libraries, appointed ened by the timely grants offederal and state aid, by the Board, has assumed responsibilityfor estab- centralized processing symbolized acohesiveness and a lishing and improving all aspects oflibrary service. immediate estab- measure of progress.While New York State represents Among these services has, been the the most highly organizedpublic library systems lishment of centralized processing at theHeadquarters program at present, there isevident activity elsewhere, Library in Independence. All expensesincurred are each of the for example: prorated according to the total income of centralized processing services. Thefour, which have cooperative districts.It flourishes promisinglyin cooperatives earlier been described earlier in Chapter II, are:(1) Bucks contrast to the two autonomous Cambria Pub- established in Missouri and supportsthe Director's County Free Library, Doylestown; (2) lic Library System, Johnstown; (3)Lancaster Free thesis that small locallibraries ought to "form larger would be more effective, effi- Public Library and Lancaster CountyDivision, Lan- units of service which (4) Citizens Library of Greater Washington, dent and economical in the longrun."" caster; Washington. development of public New YorkThe diversified WisconsinThe Public Library Service Center of library systems has already beennoted; however, since the Southwest Wisconsin is an outgrowth of theformer two systems, outsidethose in New York City, and the Pioneer System, Southwest Wisconsin Library Processing Center Buffalo-Erie County System and through its own growth approaches the systems 'con- libraries, their structure involve participation of large cept. It has aptly demonstratedthrough its action that will be noted briefly: centralized processing alone is not sufficient for the Buffalo-Erie County System:Through contract with Library has cre- improvement of library service, for it now performs 32 libraries the Buffalo-Erie County various services for its 25 member libraries.The five ated a near consolidated programin that each library and that counties of Crawford, Grant, 'fowl, Lafayette, agrees (1) thatbudgets are to be submitted; (2) Richland make appropriations prorated on 1960 supplies and equipment are to berequisitioned; (3) be ordered, proc- population figures. Monies remaining and unencum- that books and periodicals are to fiscal year on a Recommendations may bered are returned at the end of the essed, bound, and repaired. prorated basis." be made but are not enforceable,however, unless ac- cepted and acted upon by each member'sBoard of SUMMARY COMMENT libraries are regarded Trustees. Essentially the county Within the arbitrary grouping by typeautono- administratively like the 20 branches ofthe Central mous, neo-departmental, andmultiple servicesome Library, Total volumes processedin 1964: 159,248 Library and its centralized processing programs have beenidentified. of which 53,411 were for the Central There has been a discernible trend toward the systems branches. or district structuring withmultiple service programs Pioneer System: The Pioneer System is afederation earlier imply. Currently, Ontario, Wayne, as recommendations cited of five counties, Livingston, Monroe, however, the systems concept of the dispersal of cen- and Wyoming, which have contractual agreements as tralized processing has been questioned in NewYork follows: State. That the neo-departmental types are flourishing, (1) RochesterPublicLibrary,withinMonroe processing especially the Book Processing Cciter in Orlando, County, has contracted to do centralized Florida, tends to demonstrate that when a center is for the Monroe County Library System. affiliated with a large public library its likelihood for (2) Monroe County, the largest memberof the Pi- with the four other survival and growth is increased. oneer System, has contracted The State Library towers currently also as a cen- counties to assume their centralized processing re- trifugal force in coordinating a processing program sponsibilities. and its potential ranges from the vast carddistribu- (3) Each of the counties liar in turn contracted with tion services of Georgia, Michigan, and New Hamp- the libraries within its jurisdiction, e.g., the Ontario shire to the full processing programs of California, Cooperative Library System, The contracts with Mon- other services such as Nevada, and North Carolina. Its problems are mag- roe County, which specify nified by the Idaho and Wyoming State Libraries, borrowing privileges and interlibrary loan, state that each of which solved its dilemma differently. Even as the cost is to be $.50 for every dollar spent on books by State libraries assume more active roles, oneState its member libraries excluding the costs of those not Library staff member has cautioned about and ques- processed centrally. Thus the Rochester Public Li- tioned the wisdom of centering the program in a State brary serves as the processing center for the five coun- Library because of the political structure and bud- ties and in 1964 processed 111,588 volumes. Of those, getary pressures which generallyaffect processing 49,911 were for Rochester; 61,677 for the contracting before public service functions. counties. The period of experimentation consequently must PennsylvaniaPennsylvania has developed a Li- be continued for decisions made not so long ago are bnry District program with responsibilities similar to already being reviewed and rescinded; meanwhile those of the New York Systems program. Of the 30 some of the alternativesproposed may be escape designated District Center Libraries, four are offering routes only.
38 FOOTNOTES .CHAPTER VII Luella Kinnison,Administrator, Northern 1. Letter from Mrs. Weld County Library, Colorado ProcessingCenter, in care of CHARACTERISTICS: Greeley, Colorado,February 17, 1966. LEGAL ANDFINANCIAL Margaret K. Troke,Director of Library 2. Letter from Mrs. Public Library,California, Services, Stockton-SanJoaquin County In the followingfour chapterscharacteristics il- Domember 16, 1965. centralized processing Public Libraryof lustrating the variations among 3. Data from OmarA. Bacon, Director, County, Oregon: Lettersfrom Omar A. programs arereviewed. The content isprimarily de- Medford and Jackson "Study of Centralized Bacon, April 19, 1966;May 26, 1966; scriptive and factualrather than evaluative.Some Procesdng, 1964-65." quotations and responses tothe Missouriquestion- 4. Letter from J. Corbin,Director, TechnicalServices Division, however, inject a toneof October 14, 1965; TexasState Library naire which are included, Texas State Library, 1965) . policies Centralized Processing Center,Manual/2 (Austin: self-criticism as well as warnagainst certain Library, Orlando,Florida, "'Blueprint and procedures nowexisting.. 5, Albatson Public November 1, 1961,through for GrOwth; ThirdYear Report, October 31, 1964" (1965), pp.6-7. LEGAL STRUCTUREAND GOVERNING Virginia Drewry, StateCatalog Service, 6. Data from Miss Georgia, July 15. 1966. BODIES State Department ofEducation, Atlanta, Save $110,000 7. Hunt, James R,"Centralization & Conveyors Legal Structure Business & Industry(February 1966), pp. at Library' Hawaii The legal structure ofcentralized processing pro- 80-81. the laws of the Sherwood Kirk, AssistantLibrarian, p art- grams or centersmust conform to 8. Letter from September 29, 1' ment of Libraries,Frankfort, Kentucky, State or of thegovernmental unit inwhich they are 9, Letter frcm MissGenevieve M. Casey,State Librarian, associ- December 17, 1965. located and/or thelibrary with which they are Michigan State Library, Misioini Library Service, Inc. W. Allen, Jr., StateLibrarian, New ated. The Southwest 10. Letter from Emil 17, 1966. Missouri represent Hampshire State Library, toDonald Hendricks, March and the LibraryServices Center of with recommendationsfor improve- cooperatives which havebeen incor The penetrating analysis Laura C. Colvin the autonomous ment of the TechnicalProcessing Division by impetus in extendingthe cataloging ser- porated under the respectivelaws of their states as in 1966 should be an the State vices if not the completeprocessing of books to which non-profit, self-supportingcorporations with power details see Colvin, LauraC., The Tech- Librarian referred. For State Library; bu lines% withlibraries.' Some centers nical Processing Divisionof the New Hampshire to engage in a Report on theOrganization, Operations,and Problems (1966). seem to have atenuous legalauthority for their ex- (Mimeographed.) istence but proceed onthe basis of briefwritten "State Library Catalogand Processing in good faith. In someState 11. Ohio State Library, Acting State agreements accepted Centex, May 1, 1965"; Letterfrom Miss Ruth Hess, develop- Library, August 9, 1965. library laws, such phrases as"to foster library Librarian, Ohio State permissive Report, Oc- ment" have beeninterpreted as being 12. Wyoming StateLibrary, "Second Quarterly 1965," pp. 1-2. enough to includeprocessing services. tober, November,December,. of Systems Processing Center, "AnnualRe- In Niiir York, twoof the three types 13. California State Library in 1950 and thecooperative in port, 1964165." created, the federated centralized processingservices as part It Letter from Miss HelenM. Miller, State Librarian,Idaho 1958, include State Library, August 9, 1965. of their total programs. Idaho Missouri questionnairereveal 15. Letter from Miss HelenM. Miller, State Librarian, The responses to the State Library, September 10,1965. some of thelegal and quasi-legalstructurings: agreement of 16. Letter from Mrs.Edna Frances Hanna,Administrator, Operate under joint powers Library System, Santa Rosa,California, North Bay. Cooperative David, "The North BayCoopera- System. September .28, 1965; Sabsay, of tive Library System," Newsnotesof California Libraries,Vail Organized underAdministrative Division (Summer 1963), pp. 335-347. State Library. San 17. Letters from MissClara L Breed, City Librarian, Contract between countyand municipaladmin- Diego Public Library,California, February 3, 1966;April 15, 966. istration. Education Code, sec. 18. Letter from James A.Leathers, Director ofLibraries, Organized under Mid-Continent Publc LibraryService, Independence, Missouri, Part of Library which contractswith par- April 25, 1966, ticipating libraries. 19. Letter from Mrs. MyrtleCarpenter, Supervising Librarian, Administered by Library under contractwith Public Library Service Centerof Southwest Wisconsin,Fenni- 24, 1965; Wisconsin FreeLibrary Com- Board of LibraryCommissioners. more, Wisconsin, August Library Processing Center; a mission, "Southwest Wisconsin County Library whichmakes informal Project of the Wisconsin,e'ree Library Commissionin Co- Part of operation with the South WestAssociation of Public Libraries," agreements withparticipating libraries. (1961), 7 pp. (Wimeographed.) 119 Brief written agreements with participatingli- the Wayne County Library System issued in 1963 a braries. manual for its trustees.* Legally it doesn't exist; functions via contractual In Wisconsin the Public Library Service Center of agreements and legislative approval of State library Southwest Wisconsin is governed by a Joint Library funds. Board composed of the chairman of each of the county While an atmosphere of casual informality may pre- library committees appointed by the County Boards vail, it would appear, nevertheless, that a knowledge of Supervisors in the five counties. of library laws, and of the limitations of contractual and agreement powers must be presupposed. One Criticisms from some centers Center wisely suggested that the most reliable proce- Comments from some centers revealed that though dure would be to secure legal counsel before entering the boards have similar functions, however they are into an agreement with another independent library. appointed, sharper criticism was directed toward those on which librarians were serving than those on which Governing Bodies2 trustees representing other professional interests were No matter what the type, each centralized process- members. From a board member of one center came ing program is responsibl.s to a governing body asis this self-appraisal: a library. In a contractual agreemontthe governing Administratively the position of having every contracted mem- ber Librarian a Board Member is not good, either. 'However, body of the agency assumes responsibility. For ex- it was do this or lose good customers the Center could not afford amnle, in Florida the agreement for membershipin to lose. Our Administrator shouldhave,more authority. the Book Processing Center emanates from the Albert- Cente.. catalogs as Board decideswhich sometimes makes for In Oak Park, Illinois, unfortunate changes foithose who were not present when son Public Library of Orlando. decision was made. One exampleBoard decided to have Eng- the Cente: is "an agency of the Board of Library lish and Am. Lit. all cataloged in 820's. Later this decision Directors of the Village of Oak Park." was reversed. .. Much of our trouble has come as a iresult The arrangement: differs, however, both in the of trying to please everyone' autonomous and the systems structure. The centers In a survey made of an autonomous cooperative the in Missouri, representing the autonomous cooperative following criticism was made: before the State Library action, were both governed To say the least, the board members and the administrator by boards of directors consisting of five members from should meet at appointed times. Too often there are not enough their own membership. The terms of office varied: board members to form a quorum and the meeting cancelled.' in one for two years; in the other, for four years. One From administrators were these comments: restriction of seeming merit in one of the centers was Give your Board of Trustees enough time to, establish con- that a member of the Board could not be succeeded tinuity of service. This Center elects new members each year immediately by another member representing the and before the members have time to know what's going on. same library. In Ohio, the Library Services Centerof Every effort to get an increase in processing fees has failed Eastern Ohio has perhaps the most cumbersome struc- when, presented to the Board. Give your administritor some sound backing on standard ture in that its Board is composed of every contracted procedures. This is difficult when the administrator feels that member librarian. In .1956 the board numbered 19. in order to keep the library as a member he must make some concessions because even though there is a written policy of Within the Systems program of New York the vari- standardization he knows he will not be backed up if he enforces ations reflect the distinctions among the consolidated, the policy and thereby loses a member library. federated, and cooperative. The Finger Lakes Li- Failure to respond' to an inquiry is an excellent indicator of the usual interest in and support of the Center by its board brary System, an example of the cooperative, was members! established by action of independent local libraries and is directed and controlled by a System board of Though tittle comments may be atypical, they re- trustees elected by the local library trustees. flect experience and offer some evidence that librar- In Michigan the Wayne Covinti Public Library ians have not demonstrated extraordinary skill as Board is the county agency designated and authorized board members. The support of standard proceduees, to administer library services for communities re- once endorsed ;-would seem to be an absolute impera- questing such services. The Board is composed of five tive in furthering the effective services of a Center; yet members, four elected by the County Board of Su- the support was not always forthcoming. pervisors, with the County Superintendent of Schools There was little criticism of the neo-departmental serving as an ex-officio member. Each local community, relationship except in one instance where the admin. however, retains its local library trustees who appro- istrator advised that an entangling alliance with a priate, control, and are held accountable for the funds large library should be avoided and that an indepen- of the local library. To clarify the interrelationship, dent or autonomous status would be more satisfactory.
40 for questions books shipped becausethe figures differ greatly, Some minor manifestationsof intrusiveness, 4,625 to Boonslick; specialized example, volumes shipped were of status and salaries,and requests for Springfield.' relationship which had 5,233 to Cass; 410 toMcDonald; 15,408 to services were aggravating a While prorating thebudget had receivedpopular every reason toflourish. The center,meanwhile, was SWMLS, it has function with scarcely support amongthe members of the alienating itself by being able to imitated One inequitywhich di* the bibliographic resourcesof the not been widely any recourse to courages itsadoption is tt,e variationin cost per book large library. unpacked. Note that McDonaldwith its small budget paid more than twice asmuch as did Springfield,that FINANCIAL STRUCTURE? Boonslick which contributed$1,016.68 more than other than for thosefully The centers or programs, Cass but which had 808fewer volumes unpackedpaid subsidized as in the NewYork Systems, aresupported than did Cass. The inequity increasingly in part, by $.30+ more per volume by their members wholly, or can belessened obviously byincreasing volume; how- the centers and someof the subsidy. Though some of ever, librarieswith relatively fixedbudgets which may systems contractwith non-members, thedata here expand reader services from decrease their book budgets to relate to income &rivedfrom members and would continue to pay onthe same proratedbasis. subsidies. This cooperative policy isin inverse ratio to the famed "service basis" of theH. W. WilSon Company. Income from Members In support of the prorating systemit must be acknowl- Among the ways ofderiving income frommembers edged that withoutSpringfield whose 13,931 "books are: unpacked" were 27.6% ofthe total of 50,439, the 1. To prorate thecenter's budget amongits members other libraries would havepaid higher fees. The pro- on the basisof their budgets or onpopulation rated cost is generally lessfor larger libraries than the served. fixed cost per volume if thereis a fair representation 2. To rely on a percentageof v. embers' bookbudgets of small libraries involved. being expended forbooks ordered throughthe Prorating the center's budget onthe basis of popu- center. lation is illustrated by themethod used in the Public 3. To charge a specificamount for eachvolume proc- Library Service Center ofSouthwest Wisconsin.The essed. charge there includes all services, notprocessing alone. The prorating is a form ofsubsidy also for less popu- Rarely is just one methodused alone. Most centers equitable since of orders through lated areas but it is somewhat more combine the reliance on percentage population and the highest charge per volume processed. the county with heaviest the center with a specific equalized assessed valuation,Grant County, also has the largest number oflibraries. To prorate thecenter's budget.Proratingthe cen- ter's budget, earlierletermined by, a realisticappraisal To rely on a percentageof members' bookbudgets is the of the expendituresof the preceding year, being expended for booksordered through the center. method used in theSouthwest Missouri LibrarySer- Some centers in order toinsure volume for process- vice, Inc. For example,each library determinesits ing have included in their agreementswith member fee by (1) dividingtotal library incomeby Center libraries the obligation thatthe member libraries budget to get theproportion of income tototal budget expend a percentage of theirbook budgets through and (2) multiplyinglibrary income by thisfigure to the center. Some advantages wereto accrue to the determine. annual fee. Anillustration, indicating fees, member library, the onefrequently cited being a books unpacked, and cost pervolume for four libraries higher rate of discount. The percentageusually cited belonging to the Center in1964/65 when theCenter's is 75% of the total booktudget. In general, the budget was $27,320.76,follows: charges for ordering have beenassumed by the centers Books Cost per and the full discount hasbeen given to the,mentber unpacked volume Library Fee libraries. The Public LibraryService Center of South- Boonslick $2,734.44 1,717.76 4,845 ;.37+ west Wisconsin is oneof the few centers to statethat Cass .. 1.10+ McDonald 427.06 387 there would be a "aservice c! Irge of not less than 13,931 .50+ Springfield 7,064.12 100 per volume ordered." of some of the centers Since charges are figuredby books unpacked rather Because of the dependence figures for the former were on the volumethus assured, some of the agreements than by books shipped, the following from used in determining the cost pervolume. The costs have included such warning as Eastern Ohio: would have differed had thecharges been based on the Library Service Center of 41 The failure of the Library to continue thefurnishing of that The Oak Park Centralized Processing Center,Illi- fierce: tage shall render the librarysubject to expulsion. nois (Book Processing Center) Agreement for the Cataloging and Processing of Books states that the In addition to its percentagefigure of not less than Oak Park, Illinois, cost is to be $1.20 per book. 75% the Book Processing Center, The Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Cen- adds in its agreement: ter, Indiana, "Contract for TechnicalProcessing" has If the number of books ordered by the subscribersshall be book (additional copies with- less than a minimum requirement of 5,000 volumes permonth a service rate of $.90 per for a period of 90 days then this agreement maybe terminated. out catalog cards at $.10 less) .11 The Grand Traverse Area Library Federation Li- There is disquieting confirmation, however,that some brary Service, Michigan, states the cost is to be $.30 member libraries are not fulfilling the percentage per volume. agreement, for example, onelibrary reported only A problem early encountered in having a fixed 60% as having been spent through its Center.9 Mem- charge per volume was the freezing of the charge at ben who disregard the terms of contract might offer a minimal level and notbeing able to escalate the to withdraw on their own initiative orseek new terms cost according to the center's needs.The following of agreement.Despite the probable violations no reflections from a center strangled by the unwilling- member as far as is known has been asked as yet to ness of the Board of Trustees toincrease the basic withdraw from a center. charge of $.75 per volume warn of the disastrous As a precautionary measure, however, it is recom- results: mended that a plan be adopted similar to that being followed by the Book Processing Center, Oak Park, Make your processing fee large enough to cover additional Illinois. The Center distributes to each member the employees as the Center grows; or make provisions in your By-laws for increasing it when increased costs demand it. Six following report which not only keeps the library years ago, 75t per book seemed adequate, butwith the cost of aware of its obligation but also urgesthat books be materials and supplies going up, increased number of libraries ordered in more regular than in seasonal patterns; with their added salaries, higher social security taxes, etc, it no This is a report to you of the dollar amount of books shipped longer meets the Center's requirements.Every effort of the to you during the first quarter (May, June, July) of the second Administrator to get an increase in the processing fee has failed. contract year from the Book Processing Center. The amount To purchase any new piece of equipment is a major taskand you have guaranteed to spend through the Center (75% of your must be planned for months in advance. A highprocessing fee book budget) has been divided by four for purposes of com- can always be lowered, but it is next toimpossible to get one parison with the amount actually spent. If you are below the raised." guaranteed amount we *tope you will give it your attention. Although we realize that ordering is somewhat seasonal we are It may be accidental that twoof the older centers attempting to maintain a steady How of work through the which have experienced crises have kept the service Center to avoid accumulation of any backlog. charge at $.75 per volume. Continuity seems more DIFFERENCE" assured when members recognize that the center's TOTAL SHIPPED GUARANTEED budget, like their own, must increase and accept a To charge a specific amount for each volume proc- higher service charge fairly and reasonably proposed. essed.In contrast to the prorating techniques is the To what extent that continuity is dependent also on plan to charge a specific amount for each volume subsidies is yet to be tested. It does seem imperative processed. A charge of $.75 per volume was adopted to include in contracts that areview of the basic by several centers originally. Among them were: charge per volume be made and changed when neces (1) the Book Processing Center of Florida which has sitated by the budgetary demands of the center. increased its charge to $.80 per volume; (2) the East- which ern Shore Book Processing Center of Maryland Income from Subsidies retains the charge; (3) the North Carolina State Li- brary Processing Center which increased its cost to The impetus in the development of centralized $1.00 as of July 1965; (4) the Library Service Center processing is in large part due either to initial grants of Eastern Ohio which retains the charge for its mem- and/or a continuing pattern of subsidy. Among the bers but contracts with non-members at $1.00 per early exceptions is thc, Southwest Missouri Library volume. Service, Inc., which received a grant of $4,000 from The agreements vary in identifying the cost per the Council on Library Resources, Inc., to purchase volume as the following practices illustrate: equipment.In Ohio the State Library allocated The California State Library in its agreement with $35,000 from federal funds for initial capital invest- Chico City Library, Chico, as of June 15, 1965, states ment and operating expenses with theunderstanding that the charge per book processed is to be $1.40. that $20,000 would be reimbursed within an eight year
42 be unique, had test for survival liesin the continuity andbroadening period. The obligation, believed to of service when and if the been met as of 1965.13 of membership and quality total federal support are subsidy ceases. Even now somepredict that central- Two centers now receiving abandoned in those areas the Raccoon Area ProcessingCenter in Jefferson, ized processing would be Purchasing and Processing where it now appears toflourish if the local library Iowa, and the Centralized responsibility. Division of the Wyoming StateLibrary. Two, earlier had to assume full financial cited, which are receivingboth federal and stateaid are the BlackGold Cooperative LibrarySystem Proc- EXPENDITURES AND COST STUDIES Bay Cooperative Library essing Center and the North Expenditures System, both in California.The subsidy may be some- what indirect with the locallibrary's receiving the Expenditures of centralizedprocessing programs are funds as in Florida where theState Library, through individualized reckonings of environmental costfac- the Library Services Act,underwrites the cost foreach tors such as housing andequipment, size and classifica- library by $.65 in the first yearof membership, $.50 tion of staff, salarydifferentials, scope of services in the second, $.25 in thethird. In North Carolinathe offered, volumes processed, and charges.Comparison!, State Library ProcessingCent.'formulated the cri- therefore, are uninformative and,perhaps, misleading teria which were to be metby libraries seekingfederal unless equivalencies have beenpredetermined. No grants. such analyses have been madefor this Study though In the Wayne CountyLibrary System, Michigan, some expenditure reports areincluded to illustrate the the county rather thanthe state makes thesubsidy. budgetary items and variations.No data on income Through an act of 1960 theWayne County Boardof in relation to expenditures aregiven but the total Supervisors provides"assistance for a limitedtime to number of volumes processedis added to caution a qualifiedParticipating Community on agraduated again against comparisons. and ascending cost scale, atthe conclusion ofwhich period the said communityshall assume the full cost From Colorado: NorthernColorado Processing System'. of its library service."According to the time table Expenditures, 1966 Volumes processed in 1965: all counties will beself-supporting by 1972.14Within 62,249 the Systems program ofNew York, centralized process- Salaries...... $10,547.80 the member libraries ing is offered at no charge to Other Expenditures within its own system. Supplies 2,179.83 Of the 23 respondents tothe Missouri questionnaire, Postage 275.00 18 indicated that theyhad received at one time or Social Security 448.27 were stillreceiving state and/or federalaid for the Service Agree continuance of their programs.Of those five indicat- nient 400.00 in California, one inMichi- Blue Cross 232.60 ing no subsidy, three were Telephone 60.00 gan, and onein Pennsylvania, theLower Merion Insurance 32.00 Library Association, whichreceives its funds from L.C. Proof sheets 140.00 municipal appropriations. Miscellaneous . 30.00 Need for subsidy.Among the reasonsgiven on the Capital Outlay Missouri questionnaire forthe need of subsidy were Xerox rental 768.00 these: Equipment 324.00 Rental, 812.50
Because of great disparity of sizeof libraries equitable costing ONINIIIMIONO1001111111MIONIONIM would have been difficult.Jurisdictions would not have par- Total $16,250.00 ticipated. it advisable to support the Many could not/would not deem From Indiana: Crawfordsville Purchasingand Processing Centers center without federalfunds. Expenditures, July 1961-June Volumes processed in1964/65: Local funds are needed for directpublic service. '1965 18,602 From personal experience, foundlibraries were interested but Salaries $8,299.48 no single library waswilling to foot the for missionary work. pad themselves but their Services, Contrac- They might object to cost if they tual 1,089.38 be sulxfandard. own work would in many cases Supplies 2,55224 Current charges . 223.75 Whatever the method of securingfunds, survival Equipment 3,363.00 by subsidy characterizesgenerally the financial bases of many of the centralizedprocessing programs. The Total $15,527.85 43 From Michigan: Wayne County Library Systems The following figures forcost per volume processed (Multiple service program including processing.) have been made available: Expenditures 196243 1963.64 Center Cost per volume processed Personal ServicesRegular $510.828.34 8529,902.15 Colorado:Northern Colorado Personal ServicesTemporary Processing Center $ 834 in 1964/65" 116,654.48 106,560.07 and Overtime Indiana:CrawfordsvillePur- Services other than Personal 68,294.22 67,373.84 chasing and Processing Cen- .91in 1965" Materials, Supplies and Parts . 13,533.46 18,394.92 ter 1.10in 1964 Equipment Replacements 3,166.40 3,769.75 Oregon: Public Library of Med- Books and Periodicals 205,063.22 243,932.87 ford and Jackson County... 1.087 in 1964/65° Binding, Rebinding and Re- Wisconsin: Public Library Ser- pairs 10,837.40 10,138.17 vice Center of Southwest Wisconsin 2.50(Estimated in 1965r Films and Recordings 16,381.00 16,443.02 Equipment Additions 376.34 449.60 The Missouri questionnaire included a question Total $945,134.86 $996,964.39 relating both to costs and time. Though the responses Volumes processed 64,005 74,376 were generally inconclusive, three centers stated that their processing costs were: $1.34, $1.61, and $6.25. From Ohio: Library.Service Center of Eastern Ohio's In the New York State Public Library Systems, proc- Expenditures, 1964 Volumes professed in 1964: essing costs ranged from $1.063 to $2.873 in 1964 54,891 according to the data in Centralized Processing for Wages...... $30,207 Repairscars & the Public Libraries of New York State: Processing supplies 2,485 trucks $143 Rent 2,400 Travel 0 To process Publicemployees Postage & delivery 96 System items retirement sys- Insurancegeneral 292 1 $1.063 tem 2,143 Suppliesplant .. 128 2 1.097 Depredationex- Postagegeneral. 104 3 1.221 pense . 1,894 Suppliesoffice.. 555 Legal & auditing . 520 Telephone 190 4 1.539 Utilities 830 Industrial insur- 5 1.576 Outside labor .., -0 a nce 165 6 1.68.! Gasoline 465 Tires 77 7 1.794 8 1.846 Rcpairs equipment 425 Freight & express OMMIOOMIP Miscellaneous... 109 Dues & subscrip- 9 1.866 Rental equipment 119 dons 33 10 2.140 Bank charges 0 11 2.176 12 2.239 Total $43,380 13 2.780 14 2.873 t Total costs divided by item processed." Cost Studies Some cost studies or estimates have been made by More detailed analyses of processing costs have been centers but their applicability to other situations is made by the Monterey County Library, California, somewhat tenuous because of the factors which pre- the Book Processing Center, Crak Park, Illinois, and determine costs as they predetermine total expendi- the Suffolk Cooperative Library System, New York. tures. For example, the Public Library of Medford and Jackson County, Oregon, informs its member California: Monterey County Library libraries that certain items are not charged or not de- In 1963 it was determined that the average cost per ducted, namely: volume processed was $1.5969. The figure encom- passed the following: Items not charged Items not deducted Activity Cost per volume Union cataloging (all li- Savings from pooled pur- Purchasing and receiving $.2408 braries) chasing Physical processing .4813 General office supplies Savings from multiple copy Addressograph .2537 processing Administration & Clerical .1681 Heat Pockets furnished by other Shipping (Clerical Aide) .0134 libraries Lights Filing & Revising .0689 Technical supplies used by Classify & Catalog .3707 Equipment maintenance other departments Equipment depreciation Staff time for other duties" Total $1.5969"
44 1, 1965. The study,based on Park title)as of January ,Illinois: BookProcessing Center, Oak includes recommenda- Processing available accounting records, Cost data were anlayzedfor the Book tions for changes in recordkeeping which would make Center by W. S. Hoodwho analyzed cost byactivity determination of costs more accurate.Among the and by personnelinvolved and concludedthat the recommendations are these: that average earnings perhour were $1.72.26 With 1. The expenses for theProcessing Center should be figure as a base, a table wasprepared which expressed detailed by the same accountsused for the Library costs with variantsin number of employees, man Fund. hours per day, and labor costs at250 books per day, 2. The Subsidiary Ledgershould show not only the but also the unit price 275 books per day, and300 books per day. The Table number of books shipped for which processing wasinvoiced. follows. COST PER BOOK ATVARIOUS PRODUCTION RATES AND NUMBERS OFEMPLOYEES2T
Man Bks./ Labor Labor Labor Labor Cost/Bk. Equivalent Hrs. Man Cost/Day Cost/Bk. Cost/Bk. at 300 Number of Per Hr. at at $1.72 at 250 at 275 Bks./Day Employees Day 250/0 Avg./Hr. Bks./Day Bks./Day $1.35 $1.23 27 216 1.16 $370. $1.48 1.30 1.19 26 208 1.20 358. 1.43 1.15 25 200 1.25 344. 1.37 1.25 1.20 1.10 .24 192 1.30 330. 1.32 1.15 1.05 23 184 1.36 315. 1.26 1.10 1.00 22 176 1.42 301. 1.20 1.05 .96 21 168 1.49 289. 1.16 1.00 .92 20 160 1.56 276. 1.10 .95 .87 19. 152 1.64 261. 1.05 .91 .83 18 144 1.74 248. .99 .85 .78 17 136 1.84 234. .94 .80 .74 16 128 1.95 220. .88 .75 .68 15 120 2.04 207. .83 .70 .64 14 112 2.23 193. .77 .65 .60 13 104 2.40 179. .72
processing 250 volumes 3. Each employee of theLibrary, whether full-time With a staff of 19 employees of hours additional costs, a total cost per volume or part-time,should report the number per day plus and the number can be thusascertained: worked in Library activities worked in the Processing Center. Labor cost (from Table) .$1.050 Proposed Director .155 (Salary: $10,000 per year) 4. All expenses notdirectly allocable to the'Library Rental & Maintenance .257 Center should be pro- Telephone .008 Fund or to the Processing Supplies Direct .254 rated on some reasonablebasis. Supplies Indirect .044 5. As books areinvoiced to other libraries,the Sub- Total cost per volume $1.768 (not including new equip- posted showing the cost ment costs) sidiary Ledger should be of books, the numberof books at each unit proc- Purchasing and Processing invoices Indiana: Crawfordsville essinisite, and the, costof processing. As Center are paid bythe libraries, the receiptof these funds the costs associated with the A study was made of ...should also be shownin the Subsidiary the Crawfordsville Public operation of the Center by Ledger.28 Library with the result thatthe charge per volume to from $.50 ($.45 for member libraries was increased New York: SuffolkCooperative Library System each additional copy ofthe same title) to $1.00 per Library System made an volume ($.90 for eachadditional copy of the same The Suffolk Cooperative 45 of 150,000 25. Monterey County, California, "supplemental Report to analysis of costs based upon the processing Performance Standards Study, Monterey County 1Library Head. volumes with costs figured for the followingcategories: quarters, October 1963, Annex A." 26. Hood, W. S., "Proposed Procedures for Oak Park Book Salaries allocable to the book processing $122,800 Processing Center" rand] "Cost Data, Oak Park Book Processing Fringe benefits 15,000 Center" (1965), p. 17. Cost of supplies 30,000 27. Ibid.. p. 20. Indirect costs: 28. Grier, Donald F., "Cost Analysis of Book Purchasing and Rent 3,000 Processing Center, Crawfordsville Public Library." A Report Utilities 1,500 to the Crawfordsville, Indiana, Public Library Board, February Equipment 16,000 24, 1965. Depreciation of vehicle 1,000 29. Suffolk Cooperative Library System, New York, "Analysis Vehicle operation 500 of Book Processing Costs per Volume, Based upon Production 111=100111111111110.1 of 150,000 Volumes" (1965?) "Schedule I." Total cost to process 150,000 volumes $189,800 Total cost to produce one volume based upon cost for purchasing 150,000 volumes $1.265* With processing costs per volume ranging from of $.834 to $6.25, critical questioning and evaluation CHAPTER VIII. staff efficiency, of policies, or routines seem to be a continuing imperative. CHARACTERISTICS: INTERNAL FOOTNOTES ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY 1. Carhart, op. cit., p. 3. 2. See agreements in Appendix C. 3. Wayne County Library System, Michigan, Library Trustees Manual of the Wayne County Library System (Wayne, Mich.: ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION 1963.) 4. Responses extracted from questionnaires distributed to some members of Processing Centers for an anticipated report on The administrative organization of a processing "Evaluation of Centers from Viewpoint of Recipient or Co- center is similar to that of processing or technical de- operating Libraries," for Library Trends, July 1967. 5. Blasick, Hank, "Survey of LibraryServices Center of partments of large libraries. In both, if the center Missouri, Jefferson City, Missouri," 1965, p. 9. (Mimeographed.) offers complete services, the three major areas are: 6. From confidential sources. 7. See agreement.: in Appendix C; some data from annual (1) ordering and billing,(2) cataloging and classifi- reports. cation, (3) processing and delivery. 8. Statistics from Mrs. Anna Belle Christy, Administrator, Southwest Missouri Library Service, Inc. The center is formally under the direction of an 9. See footnote 4. administrator, usually a professionally qualified li- 10. Memorandum from Lester L. Stoffel and Mrs. Elinor brarian, though not always, and responsible either to Parker, Book Processing Center, Oak Park, Illinois, August 9, 1965. the director of the library with which the center is 11. Cost written in agreement in Appendix C. In a letter to associated or to a board of trustees. The administra- the Crawfordsville Public Library Board, February 24, 1965, Donald F. Grier stated that "the present charge of $1.00 per tor's encompassing responsibilities generally are to: book appears to be adequate." 12. From a confidential source, 1.Coordinate the work of the three units [or areas]. 13. Eckford, Mary Lathrop, "The Library Service Center of 2. Maintain an even flow of work to and from each Eastern Ohio; an Experience in Centralized Processing," Library Resources and Technical Services, V (Winter 1961), 9. Data on department. reimbursement from Walter D. Morrill, Administrator. 3.Investigate trouble spots and take steps to remove 14. Wayne County Library System, Michigan, Library Trus- tees Manual, p. 16. them. 15. Northern Colorado Pzocessing Center, "Report of Oper- 4. Recruit and select new personnel. ations, 1965," p. 2. (Carbon copy.) 16. Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center, Indiana, 5. Handle all important complaints and inquiries. "Report of the Crawfordsville Processing Center, September 6.Plan improvements in work macthods and equip- 1965,p. 6. (Mimeographed.) 17. Wayne County Library System, Michigan, "44th Annual ment. Report, 1964." 7. Conduct cost, time, and statistical studies. 18. Library Service Center of Eastern Ohio, "Comparative Statement of Income and Expenses for Twelve Months Ended 8. Hold weekly supervisor's meeting [or staff meet- December 31, 1964 and 1963." ings] to discuss production, problems, improve- 19. Public Library of Medford and Jackson County, Oregon, ments, etc.1 "Study of Centralized Processing, 1964-65." (Mimeographed.) 20. See footnote 15. To these may be added the following: 21. See footnote 16. 1. Maintain communication with the director of the 22. See footnote 19. 23. Letter from Mrs. Myrtle Carpenter, Supervising Librarian, library with which the center is associated and/or Public Library Service Center of Southwest Wisconsin, August the board of trustees. 24, 1965. 24. New York State Library, Centralized Processing !lor the 2.Foster a liaison relationship with member libraries. Public Libraries of New York State, "Appendix A, Table A.10," 3.Offer guidance on the maintenance of the card p. 8. The Table includes an analysis of costs per item to acquire, to catalog title, to catalog item, to prepare, to deliver. catalog within member libraries.
46 familiarize other Though in some of the smaller centersthe direction 9. Take part in review sessions to requirements of of more thkin one area may bevested in one person, employees with the duties and the responsibilities for each are^ are notonly to the department. employees and supervise daily operations but rill() to: 10. Keep list of vacation times of make arrangements for replacements. periodically and 1. Evaluate operating procedures 11. Attend supervisor meetings.2 improve methods. ...and advise 2. Keep a list of all suppliesneeded Data from three centers, the BookProcessing Cen- clerical department when to order. ter, Orlando, Florida, theBook Processing Center, 3. Supervise the employees. Oak Park, Illinois, and the NorthCarolina State Li- 4. Train new personnel thoroughly. brary Processing Center delineate thestructuring of 5. Evaluate the work of employees. their centers through (1) a flow chart,(2) an organi- of mistakes made 6. Keep statistics on the number zational chart, (3) job descriptions. and take steps to reduce this figure. 7. Keep production report up to dateshowing the Florida: Book Processing Center,Orlando number of books received and thenumber of The super- The Director of the Center, Mrs.Kathleen J. Reich, books completed by the department. programming of the visor should know what the department'squota has detailed the organizational accompanying flow is per day and should see that it isaccomplished. Book Processing Center in the 8. Make necessary reports to the director. chart.
BOOK PROCESSING CENTER ORLANDO, FLORIDA
Flow Chart Symbols used in Flow Chart
Prepared by: Mrs. Kathleen J. Reich Director
OFF-PAGE CONNECTORS
CONT'D. CONT'D. ON-PAGE OPERATION DECISION OFF-LINE START & STOP STORAGE FROM FROM CONNECTOR PAGE 1 PAGE \ PROGRAM INPUT/OUTPUT MODIFICATION REVISION
47 Book Processing Center, Orlando, Florida
START
RECEIVE MUL- TIPLE ORD. SLIPS FROM MEMBER LIBRARY START 4
REMOVE ALPHAS. SEARCH RECEIVE YELLOW COUNT YELLOW YELLOW BY YELLOW IN LCPS WEEKLY SLIP SLIP TITLE OVERRUN
SORT REMAINING COMPILE STATIS- PINK & WHITE COUNT & .TICS SORT LCPS & GREEN BY ADD INTO PUBL. A/O TATISTICS JOBBER
RECEIVE ALPHAB. CANCELL. REMOVE LCPS BY NOTICE FROM WHITE TITLE PUBL. A/O JOBBER
SEARCH SEARCH LCPS THRU ORD. FILE FOR WAITING CORRESPOND. ORD. SLIPS FILE SEARCH YELLOW SLIP IN LCPS FILE ORDER PULL CANCEL- FILE LED TITLE ROM ORDER FILE
PATCH ORDER SLIP WITH MAIL TO CANCELLATION LIBRARY NOTICE
WITHDRAW FROM ORDER STATISTIC.
WAITING NO IN FILE FILE INTO SCPS WAITING FILE ? FILE YES
PULL FROM TITLE YES LCPS FILE INWAITING FILE NO 4,
INTER F ILE INTO SEND 370 LCPS FILE CATALOGER
48 Book Processing Center, Orlando,Florida C Cr)
BOOKS ARRIVE BY MAIL OR FREIGHT
SORT BOXES BY INVOICE AND OPEN
MATCH BOOKS &. WITH PRE-CAT. PACKETS A/O PINK & GREEN SLIP + TAKE BOOKS ICHECK BOOKS OFF SNAG AND ORDER- SHELF SLIPS AGAINST INVOICE
SNAG SHELF PUT BOOKS ON SNAG SHELF
WRITE NECES- 1 SARY CORRES- LOAD ON HAND SHELVE IN PONDENCE & MAIL CHECKED TRUCK AND ALPHAS. ORDER INVOICE TO BY TITLE AS MAIL MOVE TO WAITING""SHOWN ON ORDER MEMBER SHELVES LIBRARY SLIP
ANSWERS RECEIVED LOAD ON HAND- TRUCK AND MOVE STOP TO PHYS. PREP. DEP. 1
PULL OFF ATTACH NO LETTER SNAG CATEGORY SHELF STICKER YES
NO MARKING ATTACH TYPE NEEDED
ATTACH PLASTIC BOOK JACKET
PASTE POCKET INTO BOOK
REVISION
NO Book Processing Centel, Orlando, Florida
DET ERMINE NO. OF COPIES NEEDED
STAMP MASTER CD. W. DATE & LIBR.
TYPE ON FLEXOWRITER A/O IBM EXEC. TYPEWRITER I
AM 705 REVISION PHOTOGRAPH - OF MASTER PROCESS TYPING
NO CORRECT? REVISION
ES
A. B. DICK 350 cE:7) TO OFFSET PRESS TYPING 1 I
OUT PRINTED FILE ALL CARD STOCK INTO ORDER FILE
EXCESS AND MATCH WITH MASTER CARD YELLOW TO OVERRUN WORK SLIP Book Processing Center, Orlando, Florida
REMOVE FRLM BINS FOR PACKING
PINK SLIP REMOVE mom4 PINK TO CLERK
PLACE BOOKS IN CARTY:4 0
CLERK ,.=10 COUNT COUNT CONTENTS... SLIPS I/
COMPARE COUNTS
NO NO
1 COPY OF DEL. SLIP & TYPE DELIVERY PINK SLIP < (2 COPIES) TO BOOKKEEPER ..... 1 BOOKKEEPER COMPILES INSERT 1 COPY BILLING FROM IN SHIPMENT PINK MONTHLY
1.
SEND PINK SEAL BOXES SLIP WITH MONTH- & AFFIX LY STATEMENT POSTACI3 TO LIBRARY
STOP MAIL TO MEMBER LIBRARY
STOP
51 Illinois: Book Processing Center, Oak Park 2. Assistant Librarian (Librarian I). Works with Director in establishing procedures of oper- Among the ceniers which have evaluated and ation. Directs flow of books through the Center. Com- revised their programs is the Book- Processing Center, piles orders for jobbers. Corresponds with jobbers Oak Park.The resultant "Proposed Procedures" concerning shorts, replacements, errors.Supervises Li- recommend that there be three areas: clerical, cata- brary of Congress proofs file, order files, and processing slip files. Checks all orders with holdings file to see if loging, and processing.(The "clerical" area would book has been previously ordered. If book is in holdings be the equivalent to the major area identified earlier file, gives to Steno to pull catalog card stock. If no sto& as "ordering and billing.") A furtherrecommendation is available, determines number of cards to be duplicated is that there be a director and three supervisors, each and gives to Xerox clerk. Supervises procedure for han- dling ircoming books. Checks all processed books for responsible for one of the three areas. The organiza- accuracy.Checks accuracy of all monthly statements tion chart, depicting the duties of each area, follows. before ttley are mailed to the libraries.
ILLINOIS: BOOK PROCESSING CENTER Administrative Organization Chart
CENTER-DIRECTOR-I
Solace:"Proposed Procedures for Oak Park Processing Center," by W. S.Hood'
North Carolina: State Library Processing Center B.Clerical. 1. Steno-Bookkeeper (Steno II). The Center in its Development and Procedures has Keeps financial records and bills libraries monthly.Takes distinguished between professional and clerical duties dictation and writes letters. Compiles statistics. Assembles by its job descriptions for the positions within the catalog card sets from ditalog cprd stock file. Maintains holdingsfile.Checks incoming books with purchase Center. From the job descriptions the administrative order and invoice and determines exact cost of book structuring emerges vertically rather than progressively including postage.Checks invoices for accuracy.Re- as in the flow chart fromFlorida. The job descrip- sponsible for ordering and maintaining supplies. tions follow. 2. Xerox-Multilith Clerk. Xeroxes and multiliths all catalog cards to be duplicated. State Library Processing Center Multiliths book cards and pockets for all titles for which North Carolina: there are more than 2 copies. Xeroxes invoices for Cen- Job Descriptions ter and material for State Library as occasionarises. A. Professional. Cuts card stock. 1. Director ( Librarian III). 3. TypistII. Administrator-Cataloger.Organizes, directs and super- Assists Xerox-Multilith clerk in operation of machines. vises whole operation. Develops policies for Processing Types Multilith masters fox book cards and pockets and Center in framework for total State Library program. for catalog cards for which there is no Library of Congress Trains personnel, and does professional work of classify- ing, descriptive cataloging, or adapting printedcards. proof-slip. Types call number and revisions of proof-slip. Revises cataloging before cards and pockets are run. Compiles holdings cards and checks those libraries order- Supervises work of typists. ing a specific title.
52 processed 4. Typist I. Size of staff and volumes Types headings on printedcards.Types cards When the New York StateLibrary issuedits pockets for less than three copiesof a title. Checks 2C- of Libraries, it curacy of catalogcards. Types completecatalog card Centralized Processing for Systems sets for many singlecopies.Files. anticipated that the staff necessaryfor handling 4,000 5. Typist I. volumes a year might consist of two Types headings on printedcards.Types cards and new titles, 40,000 pockets. Letters all prebound andreference books. Files. professional librarians and 4 clericalassistants,6 or the 6. Shipping Clerk (Clerk 11). frequently cited ratio of two cic7lcalsfor one profes- Packs, rldresses, and stamps allshipping. Keeps record has been found of postage, Delivers shipping opostoffice. Pastes pockets sional. Such a ratio seemingly never in books. Assists in checking inand checking out pro- necessary or it has not yetbeen attained in the centers. cedures. Shelves books forwhich cards are not ready. Moreover, there seems littlerelationship between the 7. Jacketing Clerk (Typist I). processed as the follow- Types call numbers on spine labels.Tapes plastic jackets size of the staff and the items on all books which are notreference or prebound. As- ing statistics suggest: sists in typing and other areas asneeded and work permits. Staff Profes- Items STAFF Center sional Clerical Processed The staffs of processing centersdiffer in size and in Florida: Book Processing Center 1 14 full time106,381 (in the ratio between professional orprofessionally desig- 2 part time 1964/65)' nated staff andclerical/sub-professional. The con- California: the center, such as those Stockton-San Joaquin 3 13 30,000 (an- centration of duties within County Public Library nuallyy relating to ordering, receiving,processing, and de- New York: livery readily justify the largersize of the latter staff. Westchester Library Sys- the area of cataloging and tem 31/2 17 91,712 (in Since it is traditionally in 1 pre- 1964)' classification where professionallyqualified librarians North Carolina: are needed, someexplanations for the smallromfes- State Library Processing Center 2 111/2 88,589 (in sional staffs are: 1964/65)' I. Limited budgets of somecenters create a depen- which is usually dence on local talent available qualifications sub-professional or clerical. Staff positions and "What kinds of people 2.Pre-cataloging programs, designed tohave the In response to the question, cards awaiting the arrivalof the books, emphasize do you employ in yourcenter?" eight respondents to the general acceptance ofdata from printed the Missouri questionnaireenumerated as follows: and sometimes no consulta- sources with minimal Center Staff tion of the book being cataloged.There may be (Code no.) Professional Clerical 1 supervising clerk shuffling or deletion of data butlittle additional 1 0 1 account clerk data. 3 intermediate clerks 3. Little originalcataloging is necessary because of 1 clerk decisions made concerning the typesof materials to 3 1 (cataloger and 1 order clerk supervisor) 1 machine operator be cataloged, generally currenttrade publications. 3 clerks 4. Cataloging title by titlewith little emphasis on 2 (catalogers) 3 library assistants integrated catalog structures lessens theneed for 2 typist clerks 3 clerical assistants subject knowledge. 3 paes With these limitationi, one mayconclude that many 1/4 book mender processing centers, other than thoseassociated with 1 supervisor 2 senior typist clerks 1 cataloger 21/4 intermediate typist large libraries which require originalcataloging, are clerks really copying centers rather thancataloging and 3 junior typist clerks 1 stock clerk classification centers. 6 31/2 1 senior clerk In some centers the staff may bethe same as that of 3 intermediate clerks the library with which itis associated, as in the 51/2 junior typist clerks 2 pages Nevada State Library CooperativeProcessing Center 1 account clerk or in the PioneerLibrary System, New York. In at least 1 driver one Systems programin New York, the Moha- k 7 1 (administrator) 6 (including driver) Valley Library Association, theSchenectady County 1 (cataloger) Public Library, which is the SystemsCentral Library, 18 0 3 1 bookkeeper clerk .maintains its own Acquisitions andProcessing De- 22 2 part-time typists partment.4 2 part-time pages 53 In some centers the qualifications of the staff must since each System is designed to serve a minimum of conform to Civil Service regulations, to the standards about 200,000 people. The North Country Library of the State Personnel Department, or to the standards System which is more than three times the square mile of the library with which the center is associated. area of Mohawk Valley has many what-libraries One center, which noted that its staff was composed within its sparsely populated clusters. of "high ranking high school girls only," excluded, In the Missouri questionnaire the membership pat- it is to be hoped, the director! While the answers tern emerged as follows: to the Missouri question, "What education ortech- Number of members* Number of centers nical skills do they [the staff] possess?" were not con- 1-5 4 sistent, they do emphasize clerical skills rather than 6-10 6 11-15 2 professional qualification.; and knowledge of cata- 16-20 2 4: loging and classification. Among the responses were 21-25 3 26-30 3 these: 31-35 0 36.40 0 Clerical and supervisory skill. 41-45 0 Supervisor is graduate librarian; others must be 46-59 1 51-55 1 typists. 56-60 0 High school education and typing. 61- 1 Ranging from MLS to high school. None had previous library experience. The two extremes are represented by one library which through contract with the State Board of Had the question asked for personal qualifications, Library Commissioners, processes the books for three undoubtedly flexibility and adaptability in acceptance bookmobiles and by the Michigan State Library which of assignment would have been cited. While always furnishes sets of catalog cards for "approximately 100 desirable, these traits are especially necessary in some libraries in 20 public library systems and one univer- centers where there is a flow of staff al; well as a pro- sity library. "11 cedural flow of materials. Such a dual flow lessens the Because this is still the nascent. period the current blockage due to the uneven patterns of receipt of number is not so important. There has been and no materials. The plan has been used with seeming doubt will continue to be some fluctuation in member- successinthe Book Processing Center, Orlando, ship but thus far each drop-out has generally been Florida, and in the North Carolina State Library offset by an add-to. In spite of this fluctuation, there Processing Center. A similar proposal was recom- is some degree of satisfaction with the present mem- mended to the Stockton-San Joaquin County Public bership. since in answer to the question on the Mis- Library when its Technical Services Department was souri questionnaire, "Do you attempt to secure new surveyed. The recommendation which was promptly members?" the response was: 13 no; 7 yes; 3 no answer. implemented was: The apparent complacency was negated somewhat by Set up a clerical pool. Train the clerks in most of the 'Depart- the response to the question, "Do you have plans for mental routines so that they can be shifted around as work loads increase in one section or another.1° the future growth and development of your Center?" wherein 18, out of the 23, incorporated plans for From the administrators of each center interviewed, came only the highest praise for the morale, spirit, expanding membership. Among the plans were these: and industry of the staffs which quickened the exit Could expand to include city libraries... Probably will become a "systems" processing center of materials from the cerittr. for two more systems under...legislation just passed. MEMBERSHIP AND VOLUMES PROCESSED Hopefully to include 111 libraries belonging to Membership System. Not only do processing programs vary considerably both in membership and in volumes processed, but Volumes Processed also there is little relationship between the number Practically it is less the number of members than of members and the number of volumes processed. In the number of volumes processed which is the sur- New York within the Systems complex, other than in vival factor and a more reliable index to the as yet New York City, membership ranges from nine in the unanswered question of optimum size. Mohawk Valley Library Association to 69 in the North Country Library System. The range reflects popula- * The numbers are not always accurate since the centers re- ported differently, for example, one indicated a membership of tion density rather than arbitrary geographic units 8 library systems and another five plus branches.
54 Again data from the Missouri questionnaire indi- Number of volumes Number of members processed cate the following annual processingfigures: 2 7,500 4 66,000 Number of volumes 5 20,000 processed Number of centers 7 53,501 25,000 -5,000 2 7 15 22,000 5,001- 10,000 4 22 8,000 10,001- 20,000 3 25 80,000 20,001- 30,000 3 30 82,500 10,248 30,001- 40,000 0 46 53 80,000 40,001- 50,000 1 50,001- 60,000 2 The individualized data, included in thepreceding 60,001. 70,000 4 chapters, on the New York Systems and typesof li- 70,001- 80,000 2 braries indicate further the lack of relationshipbe- 80,001- 90,000 1 and number of volumes 0 tween number of members 90,001-100,000 of 100,001 - 0 processed. Some of the data, arranged by type No report 1 program,12 would suggest further that typeitself as defined in this study is of little consequence,Evidence Further detail indicates that the number of volumes to the contrary is to befound elsewhere, however, processed has little to do with the number of members particularly in regard to the autonomousand to the as the following extract indicates: multiple service programs.
Number of Number of volumes Programs members processed Year AUTONOMOUS Missouri: Library Service Center 21 50,991 1964 Southwest Missouri Library Service, Inc. 12 29,177 1963/64 Ohio: Library Services Center of Eastern Ohio 28 54,891 1964 NEO-DEPARTMENTAL Within local or county :ibraries: California: Black Gold Cooperative Library System Processing Center, Ventura 7 53,501 1964 Monterey County Library 7 25,000 annually San Mateo County .Library 5 63,583 1964/65 Stockton-San Joaquin Library 4 counties 66,000 1964 Florida: Book Processing Center, Orlando 17 106,381 1964/65 Indiana: Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center 40 18,602 1964/65 Maryland: Eastern Shore Processing Center 22 82,520 1964/65 Minnesota: Anoka County Library 8 26,000 1963 Oregon: Medford and Jackson County Public Library 3 19,845 1964/65 Within State Libraries: California 21 53,291 1964/65 Georgia (card service only) 32 regional [95,817sets of 1965/66 public cards 1,500 schools 328,338sets of 2 school cards] systems 1964/65 Hawaii 45 200,000(about) Michigan (card service only) 125 [100,000- sets of cards weekly] 1964/65 Nevada 10 2°04;472 New Hampshire (card service only) 153 [400,000sets of cards] North Carolina 53 88,589 1964/65 * With the addi t ion of the processing for schools (about 250), the HawaiiState Library anticipates a total of 400,000 volumes in 1965/66. 55 Number of Number of volumes processed Year Programs members MULTIPLE SERVICE California: 1964/65 North Bay Cooperative Library System 16 58,183 Michigan: 1963/64 Wayne County Library System 25 74,376 New York: In 1963: 26 165,588 1964 or Buffalo-Erie 1964/65 Finger Lakes 25 33,163 37 43,348 Mid-York 9 Mohawk Valley 27,985 Nassau 47 153,165 Nioga 18 44,359 North Country 69 25,348 Picneer 62 113,666 Southern Adirondack 25 22,261 Suffolk 36 79,195 Westchester 37 91,712
In the analysis by type of program the number of the 400,000 volumes for which itoffers full processing volumes processed ranged from a low of less than services through one center." 20,000 to a high of about 200,000. Such a range Meanwhile, as optimal output figures forvolumes strongly suggests that many of the' centers are too processed fluctuate, a correlative andpredetermining small even though they may well be making a con- factor is that the number of volumesprocessed de- tribution at present. Of the five programs which have pends on the book budgets of themember libraries, surpassed the 100,000 mark, three are in New York the materials cataloged through the center,and the State, one in Florida, and one in Hawaii. Several other processing charges, if any, incurred by eachmember programs indicated, however, that they expected to library. exceed that mark within tlite year 1966. Just what the FOOTNOTES minimal optimum mark should be, in terms of cost, I. Hood, op. kit., pp. 12-13. efficiency, and quality, remains speculative but it will 2. Ibid., p. 12. continue to be an escalating figure as newer tech- 3. Ibid., p. 15. nologies make procedures more effective. 4. Letter from Mils E. Leonore White, Director,Schenectady County Public Library, New York, October 4, 1965. Survival rather than an optimum figure for volumes 5. Berry, R. Edwin, Centralized Processingfor Systems of Li- processed was a dominant factor in the creation of braries (Albany: New York State Library,Library Extension some of the centralized processing programs,especially Division, n.d.), p. 6. in the autonomous and in some of the neo-departmen- 6. Letter from Mrs. Kathleen J.Reich, Director, Library Book Processing Center, Orlando, Florida,January 7, 1966. tal structures. However, as the New York Systems pat- Data on items processed from annual report. issued a tern emerged, the New York State Library 7.Letter from Mrs. Margaret K. Troke,Director of library guide on Centralized Processing for Systems of Librar- Services, Stockton-San Joaquin County Publiclibrary, Cali- ies which included data on a hypothetical system serv- fornia, November 12, 1965. 8. Publicity from N7estchester LibrarySystem, New York, ing about 200,000 people, the population required for Rudi Weiss, Chief, Technical Services, May 1965. full approval for a system, and involving 50 libraries. 9. Letter from Mrs. Marion M. Johnson,North Carolina State While no reference was made to optimum output the Library Processing Center, December 10, 1965. Data onitems data cite "4,000 titles, 40,000 volumes added per year" processed from annual report. with the system performing full processing services." 10. See footnote 7. 11. Letter from Miss Genevieve M. Casey, StateLibrarian, In less than ten years, however, the systems structure Michigan State Library, December 16, 1965,gives membership for processing has been appraised and found wanting. as "125 libraries affiliatedwith 22 systems?' The New York Survey includes as a major finding: 12. Data extracted from Chapter VI, "CentralizedProcessing: Centers and Services by Type," except for that onthe New York There appears to be a curvilinear relationship between the Systems which agree with the figures in CentralizedProcessing number of items processed in a centralized processing operation for the Public Libraries of New York State,"Appendix A, Table and the mat per item of doing the processing. The most uneco- A-5," p. 7. nomic volume appears to be about 100,000 items annually. As the volume decreases from that figure or increases from it, at 13. Berry, op. cit., p. 8. least up to 400,000 items, the cost per item tends to decrease .14 14. New York State Library, Centralized Processing forthe Public Libraries of New York State, p. 3. Even while New York hypothesizes, the Hawaii State 15. Hunt, James R., "Centralization & Conveyors Save$110,000 Library announces its near attainment in 1965/66 of at Library," op. cit.
56 There has been no reduction in staff anywhere except in a CHAPTER IX village of 12,000, the largest in ...County, where there were two i,:rofessional librarians and now only one.° CHARACTERISTICS: MEMBERSHIP While there are many characteristics of the member libraries which could be studied, this chapter will Each system and/or center program is a composite consider these aspects: (1) types of member libraries; of the profile of each member. To the degree that (2) book budgets of and books processed for member individualism or custom requests are considered, mem- libraries; (3) distance of member libraries from cen- bership fragments its goal of standardized, if not ters;(4)participant satisfaction;(5)agreements centralized, processing. By participating the members signed by member libraries. at the same time acknowledge some awareness of the needs of their libraries and a flexibility of view in Types of Member Libraries endorsing, if not fully accepting, the decisions imple- An uncertainty manifests itself in terms of the types mented by the centers. of libraries to include in one center. Should they be While statistics on membership can be regarded all of one type; combinations such as public and as merely indicative of the trend toward centraliza- school, school and community colleges, public and tion, participation by over 1,000 libraries implies more than an experimental involvement in the present academic, college and university; or all types? Within the 23 centers responding to the Missouri question- phase. Within the 19 systems of New York (omitting naire, the following types are included: those in New York City) membership numbers 647. Total membership represented within the 23 programs Number of Centers or centers which responded to the Missouri question- Types including Public (including city, county, regional) 13 naire was 474 though the number might be different if Public and school 4 each had reported in similar terminology. Since no Public and state agencies 2 Public and college/university 2 New York systems participated in the Missouri ques- Public, school, and academic 1 tionnaire, the figure of more than 1,000 was easily Public and some institutions 1 obtained by adding the two membership figures. 23 Membership within the programs identified by type in Chapter VI is more than 700, though again the Thus while the majority of those responding in- number would have been larger had the same mea- clude only one type the reality of multi-types is surement been used, for example, the number of evident. The response supports the view in the Bundy libraries within a county or a system being served. report on Public Library Processing Centers wherein Omitted from the total is the membership of the State 14 centers "commented on the desirability of keeping Library programs of Georgia, New Hampshire, and membership limited to similar types of libraries."3 Michigan which furnish catalog card service only to Recently, however, increasing attention has been fo- their libraries. cused on the combining of processing services for Membership ranges from small, isolated libraries to school and public libraries and, in some instances, of libraries of such size and prestige as the Albertson school, public, and academic libraries. Public Library, Orlando, Florida, the Rochester Pub. Including schoolsWhile in the same report on lic Library, Rochester, New York, and the Buffalo-Erie Public Library Processing Centers, 18 out of 29 centers County Public Library, New York, each of which is felt that it was "feasible to combine processing for the sustaining member of its centralized program. school and public libraries in one service,"4 less en- The milieu of one of the bibliographically deprived thusiasm was expressed in New York State for such a areas has been described graphically as follows: combination. In a study on the Feasibility of School and College Library Processing Through Public Li- Mere are twenty -five public libraries open to the public from brary Systems in New York State, the following views I to 51 hours a week. Only one of these employs a professionally trained librarian and at least four of the libraries are staffed by were expressed by the 47 public school systems return- volunteers' ing questionnaires: 34 or 72% Saw an advantage in centralization of acquisition- Another summary reveals an equal poverty of books ing and processing of school library materials on a statewide basis. and services: 12 or 26% Saw no advantage. 1 or 2% Said any advantage would depend on the way in All but two of these 10 libraries are very small, open to the which such an operation was organized! public anywhere from 8 to 50 hours a week. None employed, then or now, a full time cataloger. Such 'processing' as was done Significantly, of the 43 school systems expressing a by the majority fell far short of the minimum standards. Most of the libraries are managed by part-time untrained persons. preference as to type of processing facility, 33 or 77
57 Library Proc- per cent chose onewhich would serve school libraries In contrast the North Carolina State alone. The impact of this preference can be seenin essing Center has had a more favorablereaction to the recommendation in CentralizedProcessing for the its school library member: Public Libraries of New York State that: Our one school ...has worked very nicely into our situa- tion. They have not made any special demandsand we charge The reorganizedprocessing and cataloging arrangements them the regular processing fee of $1.00 pervolume. We have should at first serve only the public libraries of the state. Only processed quite a few books for them. ... No customcatalog- after the system is operating smoothly should consideration be ing is done. I do wonder about the Library ofCongress sub- given to accepting the added volume and other complications ject headings; however, they must be working outall right, for implicit in serving other constituencies such as the school there has been no request for changes." libraries! Thus there seems to be no simple solution tothe problem of combining the processing programs.Be- As one State indicates preferences, another has cause, however, of theElementary and Secondary Act moved boldly toward a statewide program of school (ESEA) monies, it is imperative that school libraries and public library processing. In Hawaii the State be considered as possible participants incentralized Library, serving 45 public libraries, recently extended processing programs as integrated, associated, or com- its program to include about 250 schools. With the pletely disassociated units. Both the State Libraries addition of the schools the State Library anticipates Of Michigan and Wyoming have noted that extension a total of 400,000 volumes. Thesestatistics would of service is under consideration. The Ohio State rank Hawaii "second only to the number ordered by Library has already extended its cataloging and proc- New York City's huge unit."7 An assessment has not essing services to school libraries. been made of the service which represents the largest centralized processing program yet' undertaken. Fur- Including other types.The extension of services to ther reports are awaited, however, on the environ- different types of libraries has indicated somebiblio- mental factors which created the response, the prob- graphical concern for institutions seeking help.At the lems involved in the combination itself and in the ever same time, as of this date,the extension may be tinged upward spiraling of number of volumes processed. with some concern for financial security. Some centers On a smaller scale but with equal enthusiasm, the have frankly stated their need far morefunds, among Wayne County Library System in Michigan, an- them the Southwest Missouri Library Service,Inc., nounced in March 1965 the establishment of a "Re- which, having completed a special project forthe State source Center to enrich the program of the school Library at considerable inconvenience to its own mem- library."8 According to the contract, the cost per bers, justified it on the basis that the processinghad volume processed is to be $1.20 (plus net price of been of book). inestimable value to the Center in many ways. Notonly did Among other centers now including schools are the we make enough money to cut yourfees considerable [sick but we Final County Free Library in Arizona, the Crawfords- were made aware of the solid foundationof this Center." ville Center in Indiana, the Oak Park Center in Illi- In New York, the Nioga System has contractedwith nois, and the Library Services Center in Eastern Ohio. two academic institutions andendorsed a policy that For Oak Park the inclusion created grave problems differs from regular routines, for a special chargeof and after an unsatisfactory experimental period, the $1.55 per volume processed. Suffolk has included as high school libraries withdrew by mutual consent. non-members another system and several sehoolli- (Two elementary librariesretain membership at braries which pay $.90 per volume, "a chargewhich present.) is advantageous to them and allows us asmall profit Objection has been made to the inclusion of the to plow back into our ownservice to member li- schools as non-members in the Librity Service Center braries."12 of Eastern Ohio because of the special favors granted In Ohio, the. Ohio State Library reportsthe inclu- to them. One member commented in response to a sion in its processing services of the DaytonBranch questionnaire: of Ohio 'State University and MiamiUniversity. The I resent the situation in which non-member schools receive use of the Library ofCongress Classification makes it custom catalogingin that their children's books are cata- a very specialassignment which contributes to the loged more according to 'Wilson headings and numbers while charge of $1.09 per volume. The Centeroffers its members receive the unrealistic LC children's book headings. cataloging and processing services to all collegeli- I believe that members' orders should take precedence over non-members! I did not think so at first.' braries interested in it In contrast, as early as 1963 the MontereyCounty For the special service, however, non-niembers. pay Library, California, was advised that the efficiency $.25 more than members: of its program would be increased significantlyif,
58 among other things, it would"exclude special purpose In the New York survey,for example, consideration libraries, such as Monterey Peninsula College Library was given, as hasalready been noted, to the feasibility school library process- from its system."15 Seemingly noaction has been of contracting for college and includes as one of taken for the College was a member in 1965.Mean- ing services. The California survey while when an inquiry was made among collegeli- its service activities that "schooland college libraries participants in central- brariesin New York, about a jointcentralized ...be considered as possible processing program, there was resistance to one en- ized processing units."17 compassing more than one type of library, Of 49 Thus far centers which haveattempted to encom- colleges responding, 40 or 82 per cent saw anadvan- pass multi-typelibraries appear not to have been too Library and the tage in statewide centralization; yetof the 40, 33 or 82 successful. Perhaps the Hawaii Mato Michigan will demonstrate per cent expressed a preferencefor a center serving Wayne County Library in T. must be recog- college libraries only." the advantages in thtir programs. Despite the traditional reluctance toward unity of nized, however, that expedient strategy ordemands of processing there is statistical evidence that there is the moment, rather than purposeful'planning, fos- of varying degrees tered some of the present extensionsof service. Such a duplicative acquisitional pattern experimentation. It among the different types of librariesand that con- action should not deter future tinuing objective appraisals must be made to clarify is to be hoped, however, that, inplanning, optimum the presumed advantages of one centralized cataloging service to each type of library be thecompelling force center,if not necessarily one complete processing toward unified or individualized centralized programs processing tech center. and not merely the potential of data niques. The future.The processing problem is notunique to public libraries but sinceexperimentation has been Book Budgets of and Books Processedfor Member largely within this area, the decisions of publicli- Libraries One braries for the future will be under scrutiny. readily decision must relate to the type or types oflibraries While the total budgets of libraries are another to the stan- available, the, actual allocation to centralized process- to be included in one program; involvement of dardization of policies and procedures. In formulat- ing 'reveals more clearly the financial a library with a program or acenter. As do total ing plans the presumed influence of variables such as of books milieu, size, function, budget, and clientele of each budgets, the budgets for books or the number processed reflect great divergencies in the size of mem- library must be weighed against duplicative patterns ber libraries and, perhaps, thequality of service and standardization which must ignore variables. the latter. Among the alternatives for action within a geo- though this study is not designed to measure to create one processing center to Range of budgets.From the following data it can graphic area:(I) be too small serve all types of libraries; (2) to create a centerwith be seen that no budget can presumably books processed too few for mem- divisional sub-structure by type of library;(3)to or the number of desirable. create centers by types of library; (4) to createwithin bership if a library views participation as a state one cataloging centerwith strategically located Range of Budgets for Centralized Processing book depots for ordering and final processing; (5) to (from sample libraries) cataloging cen- Budgets for C. P.1° create within a state one ordering and Range Library Year ter with strategically located book depotsfor final Low High processing. $33.80 $11,069.48 Crawfordsville Processing 1964/65 That some attention has been given to the problem Center, Indiana 59.94 34,783.10 Mid-York Library System, 1964 in libraries other than public can be seen in Colorado New York where the Association of State Institutions of Higher 193.57 613 79.03 Four County Library System,1964 Educa;ion sponsored a study which recommended New York 438.76 63042.90 Mohawk Valley Library 1964 (?) that "seven libraries establish a Center to perform System, New York functions";15 in Florida slime of their technical service 2,957.50 90,298.00 Book Processing Center, 1964/65 where a plan for centralized processing for junior Orlando, Florida jolleges is being considered; and in Vermont where the University of Vermont is ordering and processing While it may well be that nolibrary's budget could for the State Colleges.16 be too small to participate,it may be that a library Meanwhile surveys of public library centralized could be too large unless it werethe affiliated or processing programs have begun to suggest explora- responsible body or unless the conceptof statewide tion of one center for more than one type of library. centralized processing centers becamereality.For
.59 responsibility for the example, in the Pioneer Library System inNew York, tant if the center assumes any almost half card catalog within each memberlibrary.It is a the Rochester Public Library acquired return to of the volumes processed and inthe Buffalo-Erie criterion if the center staff member must the volumes headquarters from visits at the end ofthe day. With County System more than one-third of would be the were processed forthe Central Library and its this criterion the allowable distance branches. In the Book Processing Center inFlorida round trip mileage considered feasible. if delivery is of the 106,381 volumes processed, 27,228 or25.5 per Distance can be a delaying factor Public Library. In the personalized,ii1inclement weather,if books are cent were for the Orlando and then three instances cited, the dominantlibrary was the routed from member libraries to the center responsible body insuring the success of thecentralized returned, or if the center is too isolatedfrom vendors facilities. If proc- processing programs. and publishers and transportation acquisi- essing is the only service, it is moreimportant to de- It has not yet been determined at what delivery and a tional level the increasingly individualized concen- termine methods and frequency of and tration would make the center merely a department technique for communication between the center important for card away from home, wereit not the responsible body. its members. Distance is not so A fair guess might be more than 30 per centof the service alone; however, the continuing questfor im- center's processing or from 60,000-90,000 volumes an- provement in mail servicespromises even more prompt nually. One alternative would be consideration of a delivery. centralized program not only for similar types but As the systems(districts, groups, reader subject also for similar sizes of libraries, for example, a center centers) complex emerges, geographiccontiguity will for the three libraries in the New York metropolitan become increasingly meaningful but theboundary by area: Brooklyn, New YorkPublic (Circulation) , and lines are likely to continue to be influenced less Queens.uo The centralized program could be partial square miles than bypopulation density. Meanwhile or complete. some sample distances fromexisting centers show that miles alone have not impeded expansion of services. Range of books processed.Since the number of Distance in Miles of Member Libraries from Center books processed represents, in larce part, the annual Center in Member Library in Distance* rate of growth of a library, the following range re- 1. Florida: flects the variant rates of growth. While the excep- Orlando Pensacola 453 2. Nevada: tionally low range might well provoke discussion of Carson City Elko 323 minimum size of a library for minimal service in 3. New York: terms of public library standards, the range is pre- Watertown Massena 115 4. North Carolina: sented not for that purpose but to illustrate member Raleigh Murphy 355 participation. * Data from American AutomobileAssociation, New York. Range of Books Processed in Centralized Processing" (from sample libraries) Participant Satisfaction Books processed in C. P. The hope of pleasing all membersall the time is as Range Library Year of librarianship. Low High elusive in processing-as-in other areas perhaps, in processing because 7 937 Finger Lakes Library 1964 It is even more elusive, System, New York of the evidence of delays,of errors, of misjudgments, 8 1,229 Nevada State Library 1964/65 if records of any 9 6,543 North. Carolina State. Library1964/65 of variants that can be compiled 10 10,991 Eastern Shore Book 1964/65 sort have been kept.In addition, the happy artof Processing Center, Maryland forgetfulness which erases the memoryof similar 11 7,415 Crawfordsville Processing 1964/65 Center, Indiana evidence which occurred in thelibrary before partici- 200 1,302 Mohawk Valley Library 1964(?) situation. System, New York pating in the center magnifies the present 322 15,408 Southwest Missouri Library 1964/65 The most common criticism is related toslowness, yet Service, Inc few seem to have kept recordsdetailed enough to 845 27,228 Book Processing Center, 1964/65 Orlando, Florida make a comparison. One membercommented that though orders were slow the qualityof processing Distance of member libraries from centers. more than made upfor the time lag. Proximity is of more importance in the multi-service In general, despite some captiouscriticism, the program which requires consultationwith members, consensus is that centers are moresatisfactory than book selection meetings, member participation gen- unsatisfactory. Of ten members in one centerwhich erally and which offers advisory services. It is impor- has had a precarious existence, nide saidthey would
60 recommend the %.reation of a processing center in an It is salutary that there has beenneither a totally area which did not have one now.Another observed complacent nor a totally euphoric acceptanceof proc- that "central processing is an expensive but worth- essing centers by participants.Whatever the fault of while service despite the headache." the centers, there is evidence that the smallpublic There are criticisms of present center operations library, sometimes with a minimal or no professional which are proper, necessary, and worthy of immediate staff, has profited from its membership. Any com- action; among these are: (1) too frequent deliveryof promise, however, which has caused a loweringof wrong titles;(2) classification numbers different for bibliographical standards in one library for the con- two editions and sometimes for a copyadded later; venience of another, demands a review and recon- (3) excessive typing errors; (4) allocating more time sideration. The following seems to be a realistic for contract members than to full members with con- summation of the contribution of centralized proc- sequent delays for the latter. essing: There have been tributes for such Centers as: All things not being equal between pre-system and post-system days (higher member library budgets, more books available, Perhaps the greatest help is the release of time; moretime locally now) to do a bit of weeding, more time to mend books, moretime to more population to serve, more training available do the many things that seem never to be quite finished when centralized processing is a time and money saving wayof there is only one librarian to do all that is to be done. handling that phase of library service, and a moreefficient The great reduction in book cost has helped me most. way of doing it." The Center has helped me most in that it has relieved me of the drudgery of cataloging the books. The real value of the Center lies in the chance to cooperate With such a commonsense appraisal from a respon- with the other libraries of this section and to work toward sible critic, the merits of the emergingmultiple ser- more satisfactory library service for the area. We don't know how we managed before and it doesn't seem vice programs are strengthened. as though we could possibly cope with our present serviceto our public without it." Agreements Signed by MemberLibraries There have been withdrawals. The following ex- The agreements signed by themember libraries planation given by one librarian for withdrawing enumerate the responsibilitiesof the library to the points up the barriers yet to be overcome when reasons center and of the center tothe library. Although such as these impede: wording and detail vary, they generallyindicate that a member library isexpected: Receiving Federal Aid funds in this manner is too costly for us. Too much of my personal time is required in the selection of of its budget the titles each time an order is prepared. 1. To spend a certain percentage Since the required "Accepted Sources" are limited, and the through the center (in the autonomousand neo- use of publishers' catalogs prohibitive, our patronsbecome im- patient at the slowness and tardiness with which new books departmental type) . arrive in our library. in regard to selec- Our patrons heartily dislike your processing methods, complain 2. To follow the rules of the center constantly about the book jackets and plastic covers making the tion(if such authority is given thecenter) and books slick and hard to hold, especially by the armsful. Your cataloging methods differ from ours, and our catalog was ordering. set up years ago. All of the high school libraries in ourcounty patterned their catalogs after this one: Subject headings in red, 3. To accept the policies of the center. etc. Now the students are confused when they attempt to use 4. To pay bills at a given time. or catalog." 5. To adhere to or abrogate the agreementaccording While the Center would scarcely feelthe loss of the to a given procedure. library which accounted for 1.5 per centof the vol- 6. To pay a fixed sum per volumeprocessed (unless umes processed in the yearprior to its withdrawal, it the State assumes the financialobligation). can only be regrettedthat a librarian, identified as professionally qualified, could harbor such views. Carolina State Library from Only one center, the North The director of another center, far removed Processing Center, includes anyrestriction which the source of the preceding extract makes thefollow- would affect the library's useof the Center's work. ing observation: In order to secure a Federalaid grant, a library there There appears, in general, to be a direct correlation between must agree to "provide acatalog cabinet and keep competence of the librarian and adequacy of herlibrary on the one hand, and her satisfaction with thejob we are doing on cards filed accurately." the other hand. The less able librarians working in lesswell Because thoughtful study of severalagreements or equipped libraries tend to be the least satisfied and vice versa. before one is formulated, Speaking generally, however, although all connected with our contracts should be made Center are aware in some degree of the need for improve- documents from the following centers areincluded in ments (after all, nothing is perfect!), webelieve that a fairly Appendix C: high level of satisfaction has been achieved." 61 Agreements! 8. Wayne County Library, Michigan, "New Library Resource State Name of Center Contracts Center for School Libraries, March 6, 1965"; Wayne County included Public Library Board, "Contract for Centralized Processing." (Both documents are included in Appendix C). California Monterey County Library 1 9. Responses extracted from questionnaires distributed to State Library 1 some members of Processing Centers for an anticipated report on "Evaluation of Centers from Viewpoint of Recipient or Colorado Northern Colorado Proc- 1 Cooperating Libraries," for Library Trends, July 1967. essing Center 10. Letter from Mrs. Marion M. Johnson, Director, Processing Florida Book Processing Center 2 Center, North Carolina State Library, January 20, 1966. 11. "Newsletter to SMLS Membership, November 1965," signed Illinois Book Processing Center 1 (Oak Park Centralized by Anna Belle Christy. Processing Center) 12. Suffolk Cooperative Library System, New York, "Director's Annual Report, November 11, 1964,"p. 2. Indiana Crawfordsville Purchasing 1 13. Monterey County Library, California, "Supplemental Re- and Processing Center port to Performance Standards Study, Monterey County Library Maryland Eastern Shore Book Proc- Headquarters, October 1963," p. 1. essing Center 14. New York State Library, Feasibility of School and College Library Processing Through Public Library Systems in New York Michigan Grand Traverse Area Li- 1 State, pp. 3-4. brary Federation 15. Association of State Institutions of Higher Education in Colorado, A Study to Determine the Feasibility of Establishing Missowi Library Services Center 1 a Cooperative Technical Processing Program and Direct Trans- Nevada State Library Cooperative 1 mission of Interlibrary Loans, by Donald E. Oehlerts(Denver, Processing Center Col.:1962), p. 35. New York Buffalo and Erie County 1 16. Letter from Mrs. Lura Carr, Head, TechnicalServices, Library State of Vermont, Free Public Library Service, October4, 1965. 17. Martin, Lowel' A. and Bowler, Roberta,op. cit., p. 80. Finger Lakes Library Sys- 1 18. Based on data secured from Centers. tem 19. The idea of one cataloging and acquisitioncenter for the Nassau Library System three libraries of New York Citywas endorsed in The Feasibility of Further Centralizing the Technical ProcessingOperations of Pioneer Library System 1 the Public Libraries of New York City;a Survey Conducted for Ontario Cooperative Li- 1 the Brooklyn Public Library, the New York Public Libraryand brary System the Queens Borough Public Library, by Nelson Associates,Inc., i1n966,collaboration with the Theodore Stein Company(New York: Rochester Public Library- 1 i. Monroe County Library This contradiction of the basic recommendationfor one center System for cataloging and acquisitions for theentire State of New York, North CarolinaState Library Processing 1 made in Centralized Processing for the Public Librariesof New Center York State, was minimized by the warningon p. ii that: The proposals contained in thisreport for New York City Ohio Library Service Center of 1 should not be construedas a recommendation that the three Eastern Ohio libraries of New York City exclude themselvesfrom plans for Wisconsin Public Library Service further centralization of processingamong the 22 public li- Center of South West brary systems of New York State. Wisconsin 20. Based on data secured from the Centers. 21. Extracts from Southwest Wisconsin LibraryProcessing Special Agreements Center, "Newsletter 5, April, 1960." 22. From a confidential source. Michigan Wayne County Public Library Board and 23. Letter from Donald W. Johnson, School Districts, Wayne County Library, Director, Technical Processes/Cooperative Processing Center, NevadaState Library, "New Library Resource Center for School September 3, 1965. Libraries" 24. Letter from Mrs. Evaline B. Neff, Director,Wayne County New York Nioga Library System and Niagara Com- Library System, Newark, New W.*,November 4, 1965. munity College Nioga Library System and Niagara Univer- sity
FOOTNOTES 1. "Southwest Wisconsin Library Processing Center; a Project CHAPTER X of the Wisconsin Free Library Commission in Co-operation with the South West Association of Public Libraries" (Madison: Wisconsin Free Library Commission, 1961), p. 3.(Published CHARACTERISTICS: PHYSICAL later in Public Library Development in Wisconsin; a Five-Year Report, 1956. 1961). ENVIRONMENT 2. Letter from Mrs. Evaline B. Neff, Director, Wayne County Library System, Newark, New York, November 4, 1965. 3. Bundy, Mary I ee, Public Library Processing Centers; a Report of a Nationwide Survey (Troy, N. Y.:1962), p. 40. LOCATION, QUARTERS, AND FLOOR PLANS 4. Ibid., p. 37. 5. New York State Library, Feasibility of School and College Library Processing Through Public Library Systems in New York Location State; a Report for the New York State Library (New York: The type of center tends to predetermine its loca- Nelson Associates, 1966), p. 3. 6. New York State Library, Centralized Processing for the tion. Of the three types identified, the autonomous is Public Libraries of New York State, p. 2. less obligated to be located near a. large library and 7. Hunt, James R., "Centralization & Conveyors Save $110,000 at Library," op. cit., p. 81. has more freedom of choice in selection of its location.
62 Somewhat similarly within the New York Systems the One 30' x 40' workroom housing magazine storageand work area for library headquarters vary according to their status as feder- Space shared with State Library Technical ProcessingDepart- ment ated or cooperative. In the former, the headquarters is One small room an different floor from Catalog Section usually a large library; in the latter, a headquarters Old courthouse; !cecond floor; librarian has own office Large roam, approximately 1500 square feet unit such as in Ithaca, Suffolk, or Watertown, each Three rooms: receiving and shipping, cataloging, reproduction of which is isolated from its membership. Freedom of Work rooin of library choice in selection, when accompanied by restricted Small room (desperately overcrowded) in a community build- ing next to main library budgets, has led, in some instances, to the selection of Two rooms each about 15' x 20% Xerox in alcove about barren and isolated areas. Of one of these centers, 19' x 19' Located in County Library where facilities are the administrator commented: set up to work on assembly line basis. The Center ...is removed from any cultural center and The practical use made of the quartersmomentary thus, I think, it offers little to attract most professional librarians .I pause forprocessing en route to final destination The neo-departmental type is generally within the creates an atmosphere' ituiteunbuokish despite the same building as the main library. For example,the encompassing presence ofbooks..While the resem- Black Gold Cooperative System Processing Center is blance of some of the centersto warehouses isun- in the Ventura County and City Library, California; mistakable, they could more purposiyely be called the Pioneer Library System has its headquarters in the book service stations or book depots since the intent is Rochester Public Library, New York; the Eastern not to store but to keep materials in transit. Shore Book Processing Center, Maryland, is located in the Wicomico County Library. The Book Processing Floor Plans Center in Orlando, Florida, is situated in a shopping The continuing influx and outgo of the vast ton- district several miles away from the main library with nage of books to and from a center is merely an en- which it is assocated. largement of a similar flow in a local library. In both environments, routing the fully processed mate- rials expeditiously emphasizes the need for a smooth Quarters and rapid movement *materials. Such a flow can The quarters range from remodeled or adapted be achieved if processing loprations are arranged in a buildings such as a former theater or an ice cream natural sequence which alibws the work to progress factory to the modern and efficiently designed Wayne systematically. Inis implres also that related services County Library System in Michigan. Headquarters be placed in proximity, especially when repeated con- buildings in the New York Systems are sometimes re- tacts are necessary, so that the movement is forward modeled areas, such as for the Finger Lakes Library With minimal backlapping. For example, in a simu- System and the Nioga Library System.Sometimes lated circle, receiving and shipping should be located thoughtfully planned new designs fulfill the interpre. near cataloging and the physical preparation of the tation of the Systems program, such as the Suffolk book; ordering, invoicing, and billing, near receiving Cooperative Library System. and shipping. The variety of quarters can be seen in the following The following floor plans from processing centers or responses to the Missouri questionnaire which asked, service areas in Florida, Illinois, Michigan, and North "Please describe the physical facilities and location of Carolina reveal variations in space available, equip- your center." ment, and flow of work. Both the Florida Centers and Basement of State Library the North Carolina Centers, occupying quarters not One room, 1850 square feet expressly designed for their purpose, have shown in- Second floor, 5800 square feet genuity in adapting to space limitations without radi- Former storage room, 20' x 30', basement of delivery entrance Rented building, 25' x 70', near center of town cal effect on t'ieir productivity.
63
A.N,' -"".-P-oltqtr.".* Florida: Book Processing Center, Orlando Scalfte. : Fort Gatlin Shopping Center 1 =1/10" Second Floor
Original Layout FORT GATLIN SHOPPING CENTER Area: 856 square feet (Scale: I" = 10')
scomp..te",./'10 0 Receive &Ship Pre-catalog Cattroth Source la; I
SEARCH
LI.mo MOOS Book. LOUNGE. Weeding sF Search
.1 E croup Fl28' Proposed Layoui Note: The Director states that what may appear tobe un- necessary zigzagging is caused byadjusting to the original layout of the building which, remodeled within itsstructural limitations, had to be utilized!
Proof
Illinois: Book Processing Center, Oak Palk Ceitakel The Book Processing Center under theaegis of the Oak Park Public Library, performs itsfunctions both in the basement of the strik- on the second floor and Qroup ingly designed new building.Cataloging activities were performed on thesecond floor; in the basement: ordering, copying and reproducing of catalogcards, Co6/csy receiving, processing, and delivery. In 1965 acritical analysis was made of the procedures and workflow only in the abandon- patterns. The study resulted not Xerox ment of mechanization a laIBM but also in a Search delineation of a line of authority through defining responsibilities and duties. The following chartsde. pict the original and proposed layout of thesecond floor and the basement and an alternative forplacing all operations in the basement sometime in the future.'
64 Basement Original Layout Area: 4,190 square feet (Scale: 1" =10') 60° .erat Duplicate Shelf C.u1"
See Ref Cord Storage Dup. Desk Batch Sort N 1 Retur-ii". Order File
Punch Type Type Cord Xerox < I Pa ste Director 0 a I- Pre- Search
onIMAM. Jacket. Order
She p < Rec. Proof. read Ship & Receive. MIIP Pre-ship
key Punch
.Cord Prod.
Book A'rocessing Center, Oak Park Note Key Punch and Punch Card File and excessivecard storage area.
65 Basement
Proposed Layout
Area: 3,084 square feet (Scale: 1" =-_ 10')
#o' Supply e eerrriLW). Type.
I 1 LI Botch Label Card Reproduction .2/ '
Poste. Director Jockey 2 (-See Ref. MI I I I I I I I I MI II I Shelf Pock
Pack------1
Pack Presecarch shipge Rec.. 21'
Book Processing Center, Oak Park Alternative Proposed Layout of Entire Operation inBRsement Area: 3,644 square feet (Scale: 1" == 101
#0 J rm.StLiegyjLeWri Proof aroup
Time/1E1 Cut Catalog card Reproduction Batch Coto log S' Xerox Type, Label
Paste
Jacket- Search 6/ See Ref Pack ShellList
Pock
Order &.. Pack Invoice
Preseorc..h ship & Pee.
as, 2 7
Book Processing Center, Oak Park
67
r , .0, to :7+1,.':. Michigan: Wayne County Library The building contains what is probably the world's The Wayne County Library building is functional largest multi-purpose conveyor, described thus: in concept. Its flexibility, because of the absence of A distinctive feature of the building is the conveyor, which is believed to be unique in both size and concept. The roller permanent partitions and its spaciousness, both un- skate conveyor, 275 inet in length, square in form, begins at the common characteristics thus far, promise a ready en- loading dock where cartons of books and supplies are unloaded at truck bed height. A movable, lightweight unit connects the largement of activities. Specific space allocations from delivery truck to the conveyor. The Supply Room and the Shipping and Receiving Areas lie within the conveyor square. its total of 50,000 square feet for book selection and On the conveyor's perimeter are the various book processing processing are these: stations, the areas occupied by printing aktd cardpocket pro- duction, and by bindery activities. A redin No lifting is necessary in unloading or loading. Function or Activity Square Feet The conveyor was not expensive to install, costing an average Order and Catalog 2,350 of $10 per lineal foot, 'including transfer points, curves, etc.' Book Selection Room 560 On the accompanying diagram it is clear that the Processing, Printing, and Bindery 4,370 conveyor dominates the Book Processing Center. In Shipping and Receiving 1,080 so doing, however, there is every evidence that the Total 8,360 talents and skills of the staff are magnified.
Michigan: Wayne County Library System
BOOK PROCESSING DEPARTMENT WAlt,k/E COUNTY LIBRARY WAYNE, MICHIGAN A.SHIPPING AND RECEIVING PLATFORM. H .PASTING OF BOOK POCKETS; II SERTING CATALOG CARDS 5.UNPACKING AND CHECKING OF BOOKS. IN BOOK POCKET. PACKING BOOKS L DELIVERY CARTONS. C.ATTACHING PLASTI -KLEER JACKETS. J . BINDERY PREPARATION AND RECEIVING AREA. D.STAMPING, LABELING OF CLASSIFICATION NUMBERS. K .GATES TO ALLOW PASSAGE. E.ASSIGNMENT AND ASSEMBLING OF BOOK POCKETS L..MODEL 705 AUTOMATIC PHOTO - DIRECT CAMERA PROCESSOR, AND CATALOG CARDS. XEROGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT, COLLATOR, PAPER CUTTER, SIGNS, ETC. F.CLERICAL DESKS. M . SUPPLY ROOM . G.MULTILITH MACHINES, ETC.
r4 i/ZO% /11////
1#11/11111111111111/1111/if
tetp;r
We, ,at Book trucks North Carolina: State Library Processing Center ria Cr 'aI Ph la t+ The Processing Center is located in the basement of 44 the State Library Building.5 The floor area is 1,105 square feet.
ono ulletin :71[Typewriter
Ort 7r
M.
file
Mailing table
Intranca
Xerox Outstanding Post Po order files
0, Proof -slip file Assembling table
a If to. Cabite71 lootiliNNYNO. Typist I hUltilith \$4111 tam Shipping' bins
Storage
69 Equipment Some initial costs for the following kinds of equip - the Mis- Much of the equipment in centralized processing ment were extracted from the responses to centers is not unusual but similar tothat used in large souri questionnaire: for Costs libraries. In both agencies it is the equipment (Might include more or reproducing catalog cards which receives priorityin Equipment less than equiptnnt consideration. (Not always adequately identified) identified) still Addressograph $4,000.00 approximately While it may seem extraordinary to find cards Addressograph 5000 8,440.00 being typed in centers, some responses to theMissouri Ektalith plus offset 3,000.00 questionnaire indicated that such it true. For ex- Gestetner 880.00 Multilith 3,976.00. ample, one responded "typedSc mimeographed"; Multilith 1,921.50 another, "fiction typed"; and another, "purchased or Multilith model 85 2,100.00 Multilith 2550 and A-M 70513,627.00 + $212.00 per typed." Administratively this may be considered a Photo-Direct Camera Processor month lease waste of time and money sinceit involves riot only fee for camera Thermofax "Secretary" and Ekta- typing but continuing proofreading in some instances. fax model 10 658.00 At what point more efficient equipment would be Xerox 90.00 monthly rental Xerox 5,300.00 considered a primary need may be debatable; how- Xerox-Multilith 14,556.64 ever, Joseph H. Treyz in his"Equipment and Methods Xerox 914; Xerox camera 4; Mul- in Catalog Card Reproduction" observed: tilith 1250 12,000.00 When a library types four thousand individual cards a year Maintenance costs (approximately one thousand titles), it is dose to the point where it will pay to invest in a duplicator as a means of re- Continuing maintenance costs must be considered producing cards! as well as initial and operational costs.According Factors for Consideration in Purchasing to the Missouri questionnaire, annual maintenance cost;; were as follows: Factors to be considered in purchasing equipment Number of libraries in addition to accuracy, quality, and speed of repro- Annual maintenance costs reporting duction are:(I) initial costs, (2) maintenance costs, $1- 50 2 51-100 1 (3) adaptability and limitations of equipment. 101.200 4 201-300 1 Initial costs 301-400 3 401-500 ,1 The initial cost is sometimes a deterrent in the 501-600 1 selection of preferred equipment; however, the pos- No answer 10 sible availability of federal funds lessens the financial burden. For example, a newly planned center in The vulnerability of the equipment or the unrelia- Kansas recently accepted $31,000 for purchase of bility of man's estimate can be noted in that one equipment for a possible cooperative processing ser- library, in less than one year, spent $160.00 above the vice program within the State. With such generous annual maintenance agreement of $400.00. funds, it is interesting to note that the equipment selected was the Addressograph 5000 equipped with Adaptability and limitations of equipment a calibrated knob which permits programmingof The adaptability of expensive equipment for uses data for imprinting at exact location as required.? other than for centralized processing helps justify operating expenses and maintenance costs. For ex- Sample card ample, the Michigan State'Library equipment (Multi- MAME, PAUL. 1839-1936 nth 2550 and A-M 705 Photo-Direct Camera Proc- essor)is used only 50 per cent of the time for 759.4 Schapiro. Mayer Nineteen of the 23 respondents to the S Cezanne. 2d ed. Abrams, processing. 2d ed. 1952. Missouriquestionnaireindicatedmultipleuses. 1952 Among these uses are: for addressing mail, for pre- 15.00 126 p. Illus. part mounted col.. ports. paring any 3x5 card form notices, for producing li- CEZAMME, PAUL, 1839-1906 PAINtERS, FRENCH brary forms, brochures, and publicity, for preparing Cesanue monthly book lists, invoices, and correspondence for order department, for copying illustrations, and for public copying. While these variant uses do imply adaptability, there was no strong indication that such Addressograph 5000 potential use was a criterion of purchase.
70 Most people seem satisfied withthe machines, yet costlymis- Limitations of various kindsof equipment may be takes are being made.. Practically no castdate were submitted, studies to com- found in published sources.In addition to those,the nor was there anyindication that libraries made others, among them were: pare machines or to testtheir efficiency.* Missouri respondents cited places will identify (1) an inordinate numberof breakdowns,(2) no Further examples from other really efficient methodof producing mastersfrom some of the equipmentbeing used: cards already in catalog,(3)handling for single order items, (4) mastersgood for limited numberof Indiana: CrawfordsvillePurchasing and Processing copies, (5) filing space for masterplates or mats, (6) Center cleaning of cameraequipment, (7) need for supple- The Crawfordsville Centerchanged from its card- need mentary equipment tocomplete processing, (8) master for duplicatingcards, not because ofdissatis- for trained operators.Of all these limitations, it is faction with the equipmentbut because of the somewhat extraordinary to notethe inclusion of the pressure for morerapid production. Through an "need for trained operators" as alimitation! Perhaps LSCA grant of $2,350 theCenter purchased the fol- a morefitting word would havebeen "dearth" of lowing equipment: trained operators, for it is t.bvious from a comparison equipment by differ- L. C. Smith portabletypewriter with bulittin type forlettering of cards reproduced on the same spine ent operators,that skillful mastery ofmachinery is Olympic electric typewriter (asecond one) prerequisite in a card reproduction pro- Remington Rand Kardveyor forthe order file an absolute Gestetner Duplicator 366 withcabinet gram. Edgepaster for the pasting of pockets Large scale Equipment in Use Pitney-Bowes meter for improvingshipments In addition to the equipmentidentified earlier in Rapistan conveyor relation to initial cost, anotherstudy was made in in the 1965 on the use of machineryin New York State The impact of the newequipment is contained libraries. The study, based on responsesfrom 21 following terse summary statement: school libraries, 23 publiclibrary systems, and 36 As some of the new equipmentbegan to be installed, more college and research libraries,is a comprehensive books were processed in one month(1,962) than in the first nine with its admitted limitations, notonly months of the Center's operationin 1962 when 1,518 books were survey, even processed." of kinds ofmachinery but of attitudes toward the machines used machinery. According to the findings, Michigan: Wayne CountyLibrary most often were: Equipment Cardmaster A-M Photo-Direct CameraProcessor 705 Xerox 914 Multilith 2550 Challenge paper cutter Potdevin pocket pasting machine Diebold Super Elevator File Altair stamping machine Electric collator (General BindingCorporation) Multilith offset duplicator 12508 Kimball label machine Potdevin pasting machine Rapistan Rapid Roller Conveyorbelt The attitudes toward machineryreflect a high Wheeldex (Simplified) degree of satisfaction with present kindsthough some said they would buy the sameonly "if at time of New York: North CountryLibrary System Of the purchase no better machine was available." Equipment 157 machines included in the study,the following Mimeograph A. B. Dick 450 attitudes were expressed: Multilith 1250 Number of libraries Multigraph paper cutter A. B. Folding machine Attitude toward machinery responding9 Show card machine Considered satisfactory 113 Typewriter (manual) 16 Qualified yes or no Library Systems= Dissatisfactory service 14 New York: Westchester No comment 14 Equipment IBM electric typewriters None of the machines wasidentified but for the po- Multilith 1250 Gestetner Mimeograph tential purchaser the identityof the 14 offering "dis- Potdevin pasting machine satisfactory service" would havebeen helpful. The Kimball label machine Heyer folding machine possible value of the informationis offset, however, Thomas collator by the observation that: Rapistan Rapid Roller Conveyorbelt 71 Observations and Recommendations
Guidance for appraising equipment for reproducing 636.9 KINLOC1f, Bruce of the Library X Sauce. .tor the mongoose;the atm of a ramie cards may be found in the reports let tavi. New York, Knopf, (c. 19651112p. illus., ports. Technology Project and in individualassessments, eleted leeksee 3.95 1.MongoosesLegends and owls& such as "Library Card Reproductionby. Xerox Copy- - Cedole, Story of a household ruled by a small autocrat, a row-poem r mongoose. The author has been chief game warden I. both fib," by Allen B. Veaner andJohn Fraser18 The Uganda sad Taaganyiks. variations in equipment suggest apossible reason fqr the diversifications in catalogingpolicies among the centers; yet only a fewkind_s restrict the amountof catalog data to be included on acard. For example, Title. 0 65 the Addressograph and the ElliottAddressing Ma- chine require the use of a nine line stencil(234" x 4y2").Thus, the lack of standardization incatalog- j 745 .5 LEE,Tina ing policies is rarely in itself a compromisebetween Things todo. 'Pictures by Manning tee. L City, N.Y.: Doubleday[09651 64p. illus.pl.coL) the policy of a center and the equipment beingused. 'Related leeks 3.55 Coale, I. Handicraft As programs expand and as equipmentimproves, Text and PhistratIonifor matches household toys. iccoradons, Under and gifts. Ages . there will be a continuing need to evaluate newequip- ment. Already there have beenchanges. The Mid- York Library System in New York changedfrom the Elliott Addressograph to Xerox 914.14 The Book Processing Center, Oak Park, Illinois; abandoned the Title. '0 65 use of punched card equipmentand acquired a Xerox 914 as a supplement to the Photo-Direct and Multi- lith processes being used.15 One System in New York, the Southern Tier Library System, not only aban- doned its equipment, which was a duplicate of that used in the SOuthwest Missouri Library Service, Inc., Toward Automation but abandoned its cataloging program by entering into contract for it with the Four County Library Meanwhile the trend is toward automatedequip- deterrents to its System.15 ment. There have been at least two created The admonition caveat emptor must still be heeded rapid adoption: (1) the vast financial barriers whatever the personal or, indeed, the Library Tech- by the costliness of data processing and computer nology Project evaluations. Of the equipment thus equipment; (2) the overemphasis on the machinery far identified, two seem noteworthy: the Multilith and its immediate capabilities which, whentested, seemed not always so immediate. This responsehas 2550 and the A-M 705 Photo Direct Camera Proc- of essor. The A-M 705 is an automatedmachine for been due in part to the inherent traditionalism making a duplicator-ready 10 card image from orig- librarians and in part to the dismay furthered by the deni- inal copy in less than 60 seconds. The following is readiness of some who appeared too willing to of American librar- part of a 10 card master run (Multilith 2550) from grate the bibliographical heritage ianship. The temperate merging of rash experimental Wayne County Library: and precautionary excesses seems to be a likely next step continuing the revolutions wroughtearlier in library technology by such innovations as the tele- phone and the typewriter. 818.52 WOW, Helen Huntington, 1905 - The gentle Americans,1864-1960 biography of a breed. New York, Harper [c.19651 451o. Mut. Bibl. 6.95 seam ports. Few processing centers have installed the necessary caw., 1. BostonIntellectual life. 2. Howe, Mark Antony Under De Wolfe, 1864-1960. 3. AuthorsCorrespondence, equipment for an automated program; however, two reminiscences,etc. Social and literary memoir of life in 'Boston. Centers about Oak the author's father and his circle of intellectual friends. extremes in response have been expressedfrom Park, Illinois, disillusionment; from the Hawaii and Texas State Libraries, fresh enthusiasm.After an initial experiment with IBM equipment its use was Title. 0 65 discontinued at the Book Processing Center in Oak Park. The librarian has made the following frank evaluation of the experience: productivity I am convinced that at least at ourpresent volume, itis A decisive factor, in attaining utmost not to our financialadvantage to use mechanization a la"IBM from and financial justification ofinvestment in data As dm sure you realize; when onebecomes involved with IBM processing equipment is the potentialexpansion of you immediatelyadd two people to the payroll.One is the keypuncher and the other theverifier. Both of theiepeople services, ordering and cataloging,but not necessarily are used to recreatein machine readable forminformation which preparation of the 'volumes. This impliesinevitably is already in readable anduseable form.I am hardheaded enough to believe that furtheralong the line, one must beable larger units for centralized ordering andcataloging to eliminate theminimum of two persons as a 'resultof the mech- toward ar,l=tion in order to justify it inthe first place. Not only were toward which the current trend movesand we not able to dothis but the additional expense ofeauipment the book catalog. rental and extremely expensivesupplies (not the cards, which were cheap tutthe order forms, invoice forms,etc) increased the financial disadvantage.Coupled with these facts plusthe FOOTNOTES inherent disadvantage of usingpunched cards Which provide additional opportunity for errors inthe recreation of the infor- 1. From a confidential source. mation, brought me to the decision to,for the present at least, abandon the IBM method?? 2. Letter from Mrs. Kathleen J.Reich, Director, Library Processing. Center, Orlando, Florida, February 11, 1966. As of July 1, 1965, theTexas State Libraryinitiated 3.' Hood, op. cit., pp. 740. processing center with a pilotproject in its centralized 4. Data from Walter H. Kaiser, CountyLibrarian, Wayne automatic data processing foracquisitions (IBM 403) , County Library, Michigan. and billing, and for book budgetary control, invoicing 5. Plan extracted from North Carolina State Library Proc- catalogs. In October, 1965, theDirector of the Tech- essing Center, Development and Procedures, January 1,1960 - nical Services Divisions wrote: June 30, 1961 (Raleigh, N. C.. 1961), variously paged. Catalog 1, have been very pleasedwith our automatic data processing. 6. Treyz, Joseph H., "Equipment and Methods in my knowledge, this isthe first sued installation insuch a Card Reproduction," Library Resources and TechnicalServices, centralized processing center in theUnited States....The VIII (Summer 1964), 269. will be improved so vastlythat service to my Member libraries Kansas City, I can envision a network ofprocessing centers over theentire 7. Data from Willard K. Dennis, Librarian, state eventuallyall using theautomatic (or electronic)equip- Kansas, Public Library. ment." 8. Weiss, Rudi, "The State of Automation? A Surveyof Machinery used in Technical Services Departmentsin New Only after a longerexperimental period can afair York State Libraries," Library Resources and TechnicalServices, assessment be madeof the Texas projectwhich is to IX (Summer 1965), 291. serve no morethan 30 libraries within the present 9. Ibid., p. 297. find- program. Whetherfavorable or unfavorable, the 10. Ibid., p 298. ings will offer, some guidelinesfor other processing 11. Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center, Indiana, centers. "Report of the Crawfordsville Processing Center,"September Data processing was used before1965, however, out- 1963, p. 3. (Mimeographed.) side Texas, in other centralized programs,two ex- 12. Publicity from Westchester Library System, New York, amples being the Nassau.Library System and the Rudi Weiss, Chief, Technical Services, May 1965. Suffolk Cooperative Library Systemof New York. In 13. Veaner, Allen B. and Fraser, John, "Library CardRe- 1964 the Nassau System automatedits book ordering, production by Xerox Copyfio," Library Resources andTechnical processing, and billing through the useof the "first Services, VIII (Summer 1964), pp. 279-284. UNIVAC 1004 installation in alibrary system."19 14. Letter from Miss Lucena J. Kibbe, Head, TechnicalProc- Another first for Nassau is that it isthe only public esses, Mid-York Library System, NewYork, November 1, 1965. library complex among the 16libraries selected to 15. Letter from Lester L. Stoffel, Librarian, Oak ParkLibrary, participateintheMachine- ReadableCataloging Illinois, September 10, 1965. (MARC) pilot test of the Library ofCongress.20 16. Letters from Herbert L. Leet, Director,Southern Tier The impact of the program on processing centershas Library System, New York, October 6, 1965; May 11,1966. as yet unexploredpotential. 17. See footnote 15. The Suffolk System received in 1964 a grant to ex- 18. Letter from John B. Corbin, Director,Technical Services pand further its mechanized programand purchased Division, Texas State Library, October 14, 1965. "two-tape units which will allow us to store our cata- 19. Nassau Library System, New York, "AnnualReport 1964; loging authority file on tape and print outcatalog the Year We Pushed the Button," p. 2. cards directly from the Univac 1004."21 TheDiiector 20. "Sixteen Participating Libraries Namedfor Machine. noted further in his annual report of 1964: Readable Cataloging Project," Library Journal, XCI(May 1, 1966), 2297. after the Mechanization has kept us alive. Eighteen months York, "Director's processing service was instituted we areprocessing at the rate 21. Suffolk Cooperative Library System, New of 2,500 volumes a week and purchasing in excess$500,000 worth Annual Report, 1964," p. 5. of books a year.Mechanization has brought us this far and without it expansion of services would beunthinkableP 22. Ibid., p. 6. 73 Despite CHAPTER XI ings; some, upon request, offer counsel. continuing emphasis that the final selection is alocal responsibility, strong objection has been made to FROM THE CENTER: BOOK SELECTION guidance, presumably for adult titles only, from a GUIDANCE central agency by Walter W. Curley, Director,Suffolk Cooperative Library System, Nev. York: The "member library shall have and enjoy unqualified freedom of choice in the selection of books." We encourage member libraries to order the booksthey want, Ontario Cooperative Library System, New York when they want them. They are not expected toorder from certain book lists or from book selection tools which we The prerogative of book selection is assured to all specify.... member libraries in each of the three types of centers We have been concerned that jobbers and otherSystems usually expect member libaries to order only certain books identified. This freedom is sometimes confirmed in which appear on lists designated by the System office.We the contract or agreement as in the Ontario Coopera- regard this as interference with book selection at the locallevel. Our feeling is that Coordinated ordering as it iscalled while tive Library System or as in the contract of the Public less expensive for the System office, does inhibit book selection Library Service Center of Southwest Wisconsin which and in time, will limit the scope of member library book col- recognizes "that each participating library shall have lections' and enjoy unqualified freedom of choice in the selec- This is, in part, an unwarranted indictment since tion of materials purchased in its behalf."2 A. similar each member library does retain the privilege of in statement appears in the contract of the Eastern Shore dividualized selection in response to reader needs. Book Processing Center in Maryland. The principle of guided selection is not so weak as The Northern Colorado Processing Center assures perhaps its implementation to which the criticism is its member libraries that: directed. There is not enough evidence, however, at The Center in no way dictates the variety or titles of books this time to indicate that guidance resulting in dupli- to be ordered nor the review sources to be used. Each partici- pating library selects the books best suited to its collection.° cation of titles concurrent or eventual, fosters inade- quacy in selection. That duplicationwould tend to While the fulfillment of the responsibility of selec- limit the range of the collections within a system tion remains a significant measurement of a local li- seemsa justifiable concern but minimized through brary's awareness of its readers' needs, an appraisal a plan whereby each or some memberlibraries would of that fulfillment lies beyond the purpose of this specialize in subject areas. In the Suffolk Cooperative Study. Some observations are to be made, however, Library System, for example, the public libraries of on the procedures of selection guidance from the Huntingdon and Patchogue both serve as central centers. libraries, each of which emphasizes special areas, Huntingdon acquiring in the fields of the Dewey KINDS OF SELECTION Decimal Clas.siflcation 200's, 300's, 500's, 600's, 960's- The selection responsibility is of two kinds:(1) 999's, and BE Patchogue in the other fields (000's not independent within each member library and (2) assigned). guided from the center with each member retaining Some centers have expressed concern over the se- freedom of choice. lection in some member libraries. One System will order books below the standards which it approves. Independent In another the following restriction conveys some 'Within the autonomous and many neo-departmen- reservation: tal centers no attempt is made to aid in selection or Participants in the book processing program are invited to to prepare listi. The contracts of such centers include submit requests for books not on any list they may receive. Such titles will then be listed if they it eet the selection standards little recognition of selection but emphasize instead set by participating members. the responsibility for ordering. The North Carolina State Library ProCessing Center informs its member .31 seems likely that the controversy concerning the libraries that: quality and scope of selection will continue whatever the procedures instituted within centralized proc- Book selection is handled by each librarian and remains wholly the prerogative of the individual lbirary.4 essing programs.
Guided BOOK SELECTION SOURCES Many centers or system% especially those with the Some agencies, such as the California State Library, multi-service concept, actively participate in guidance endorse the view that the member libraries are not to programs. Some identify aids to be consulted; some be restricted to any specific sources. The Book Proc.: prepare book lists; some sponsor book selection meet- essing Center in Florida, while not designating sources,
74 1965 American Book Publishing Record points out in 'its "Ordering Policies" of August Book Buyers Guide. "that publisher's announcements are not adesirable Book Review Digest recommend Booklist book selection source." Others, however, Bookman's Manual sources with varying degrees ofauthority as do the Children's Catalog Fiction Catalog following. Horn Book Kirkus [Virginia Kirkus' Service] Within State Libraries Library Journal New York Herald Tribune Book ReviewSection [sic] In Georgia New York Times Book Review Section North Carolina State Library BookSuggestions In the "Public Library OrderDirections, 1965- Publishers' Weekly Education, - Saturday Review of Literature [sic] 1966," issued by the Georgia State Dept. of Standard Catalog for High School Libraries appear the followingdirectives: Standard Catalog for Public Libraries' Books must be selected from the 1965.66printed Georgia At a meeting on January 11, 1966,the Processing Library List or from other approved sources. .. These ap- selection sources, pri- proved sources include a wide range of the nationally recog- Center added the following nized reviewing publications. ... marily local newspapers, to the list: Special state lists are issued from time to time. North Carolina Historical Review The selection source from which the title is selectedshould Scholarly Books in America be indicated. . .. Newspapers:(all local) AAA Science Book List for Children. 2nd ed. Asheville-Citizen Times Book Review Science Book List Charlotte Observer Book Review Section Arithmetic Teacher Durham Morning Herald Book Review Section ALA Booklist Greensboro Daily News Book Review Section Books for Business (a special state ;1st) Raleigh News and Observer Book Review Section Basic Book Collection for Elementary Schools Winston Salem Journal and Sentinel Book ReviewSection* Basic Book. Collection for High Schools Basic Book Collection for Junior High Schools Book Review Digest In Texas Children's Catalog The member libraries of theTexas State Library Bulletin of the Center of Children's Books Childhood Education Centralized Processing Center areasked to select, their Elementary Education titles PRIMARILY from thefollowing list of publi- English Journal Fiction Catalog cations: Georgia Library List Bibliography for Social ScienceAmerican History for High American Book Publishing Record Schools (1964) Book Review Digest Suggested Bibliography on Communism Booklist and Subscription Books Bulletin Industrial Arts Bibliography Children's Catalog Pathways to Mimic Bibliography (1963) or Books About Music Cumulative Book Index for Georgia Schools (1960) Fiction Catalog Selected List of Books for Teachers (1963) Herald Tribune Book Review [sic] Supplementary List of Readers (1965) Horn Book Georgia Reference List Kirkus [Virginia Kirkus' Service] Horn Book Library Journal Journal of Geography New York Times Book Review Library Journal or School Unary Journal Publishers' Weekly Let's Read Together Readers Advisory [sic] and Bookman's Manual Mathematics Teacher Saturday Review New York Herald Tribune Books [sic] Standard Catalog for High School Libraries New York Times Book Review Standard Catalog for Public Librarian Social Education Fiction Standard Catalog for High School Libraries The Wilson publications, Children's Catalog, Standard Catalog for Public Libraries Catalog, Standard Catalog for High SchoolLibraries Saturday Review of Literature [sic] and Standard Catalog for Public Libraries aredis- Virginia Kirkus Bookshop Service [sic] Winchell's Guide to Reference Books and Supplements tributed free to member libraries. Wilson Bulletin* The libraries are further advised: Within the New York Systems Publishers' or jobbers' catalogs are not approved selection Though the New York Systems arehighly indi- sources. Advertisements of titles in reviewing periodicals do services, some of not constitute a recommendation even though the advertise. vidualized in their book selection ment appears in one of the approved selection sources' them recommend or identify sourcesfor use by mem- ber libraries. The similarity ofthe sources can be In North Carolina suggested by five of the Systems: The North Carolina State Processing Center re- seen in the sources vised its "Approved Sources" in 1965 and on thelist Finger Lakes Library System, Ithaca participating libraries. The are sources requested by ALA Booklist sources are: Book Buyers' Guide 75 The Bookmark StandardCatalog (not further Identified) I Bulletin of the Center of Children's Books Topofthe News 1 Children's Catalog Wilson Library Bulletin The Horn Book Omitted from the list because of vagueness are'the Virginia Kirkus' Service Liewbrigurywe Itournal following sources: "current mgz, art, science,etc.," "some center for children's books," and"personal:1n New York Herald Tribune New York Times It can readily be noted that the three most popular Publishers' Weekly sources are theBooklist, Library Journal, and Pub- Saturday Review" lishers' Weekly. Though the Virginia Kirkus' Service Four County Library System, Binghamton was not cited so often as others, itsavailability at one America of the centers could intensify its use. Book Buyers' Guide Booklist Catholic World Similarities of Lists Kirkus [Virginia Kirkus' Service] Library Journal Duplication of sources is evident in both lists, those New York Herald Tribune Books recommended by the central agency and those se- New York Time New Yorker lected by member librariesindependently.The Newsweek Georgia list is more detailed and specialized in its Publishers' Weekly Saturday Review" inclusion of sources such as the Journal of Geography and Mathematics Teacher. The absence of sources re- Nassau Library System, .Hempstead viewing foreign language titles from all the lists American Book Publishing Record presumably reflects the reading orientation of the Book Buyers' Guide Booklist clientele of the libraries. Choice The lists are similar also in their inclusion of de- Kirkus [Virginia Kirkus' Service] Library Journal scriptive, evaluative, and identifying sources, retro- Publishers' Weekly" spective and current, without clarification, All include North Country Library System, Watertown adult and juvenile reviews. All include professional The System provides one of the following book reviewing and commercial sources, of which five, frequently media to each member library: cited, reviewed the following number of American ALA Booklist titles published in 1965 alone: Kirkus [Virginia Kirkus' Service] Titles reviewed Library Journal (including New York State Library Book Mart" adult and Source juvenile) Westchester Library System, Yonkers Library Journal 6,127 Adult titles in: Virginia Kirkus' Service 3,973 Booklist and Subscription Books Bulletin ALA Bobklist 2,821 Herald Tribune Book Week New York Times Book Review 2.332 Kirkus Service [Virginia Kirkus' Service] Saturday Review 1,657" Library Journal New York Times Book Review" Such similarities of lists used by member libraries and centers should allay a fear of control by centers Within member libraries which have recommended sources. In some instances, Twenty member libraries associated with two cen- moreover, it appears that the centers have broadened ters, neither of which offered book selection guidance, the evaluative experiences of member libraries by not reported the use of the following reviewing sources: only recommending but also making available some of the reviewing media. No. of Source Libraries Use of Kirkus American Book Publishing Record 3 American Historical Association, Guide to Histori- The Virginia Kirkus' Service, Inc., is a persuasive cal Literature 1 and potent influence in selection among its more than Book Buyers' Guide 5 Book Review Digest 2 3,000 public library subscribers. Within many centers Booklist 16 Kirkus predetermines the order patterns, for example, Books in Print 1 Horn Book 4 among therectives citing Kirkus are these: Kirkus [Virginia Kirkus' Service] 9 Rush orders a.to be comprised only of adult titles taken Library Journal 16 from the i.iiKus Review Service. Kirkus was selected because McClurg Monthly Catalog 1 more libraries are using this service." New York Herald Tribune 3 New York Times 7 [Kirkus titles are deadline order books] which are given top Publishers' Weekly 12 priority at each work station. Reader's Adviser and Bookman's Manual 1 Mail orders for adult titles in current Kirkus to Processing Saturday Review 4 Center within 10 days of recipt",
76 The Wayne CountyLibrary System inMichigan has acknowledge their indebt- whereby at Some centers informally developed acooperative buying program edness, not alwayshappily, to Kirkus becauseof its title in the Catalogswill be for, by least one copy of every timing. The Service continuesto be unique available to the wholeSystem membership.The titles 4,000 reading publishers' galleys,it reviews around may beborrowed personally orthrough interlibrary titles annually from "allthe general tradepublishers service. In addition tothe basic plan, ninemember by the single with the [recent]exception of Dodd-Mead."Select libraries are to acquireall titles marked Press titles. The24 and double star,the Wilsonsymbols indicating coverage isgiven to University of the internationally copyrighted,coming value.24 While it maybe assumed that many annual bulletins, County weeks in advance ofpublication titles are already held, notonly in the Wayne out from six to ten other libraries, such useof the general types ofbooks in- System but in many dates, review "the most insures instant andrepresentative reader" with theexception of Standard Catalogs tended for the average selection as well as aninstant book catalog. plays and technicalbooks.22 Other typesexduded are text and toybooks and titles fromprivate presses. BOOK SELECTIONSERVICE FROMCENTERS The reviewing staffconsists of five people, oneof participate variously in whom has been withthe Service for 30 years;two The multi-service centers with primaryemphasis on have had experience inpublishing and in thelibrary book selection guidance monographic titles. Fewselection techniquesareprit field. Outside reviewers,including former staff mem- inal, however, since mostof them have longbeen bers and others withspecialized background,review used in centralizedand/or metropolitanlibraries hav- in such fields as science,political science, religion, The popular mediacontinue are added on some ing branch programs. and poetry. The reviewers' names to be bookhsts,book displays, andreview meetings. of the lists. The subscription price of$26.00 may be somewhat Booklists prohibitive for the library with abook budget under $4,000, for while there is aflat rate for branches, de- Bi:weekly, monthly or less frequentlists are pre- partments, andduplicates for members oflibrary pared by many centralservices; they may relate to requests, or systems, "any memberlibrary with a book budget current or newtitles, replacements, or over $2,000 rates as aregular library subscriber." may be arrangedby subject or by ageinterests. Presumably included in thatlisting would be members The Pioneer LibrarySystem, New York,which issues of processing centers withbudgets over $2,000. Since bi-weekly lists includespre-publication titles to per- the Service depends on itssubscriptions for support, mit early purchasing;however, most of thetitles are such a limitation on Use ofthe flat rates merits some re-listed later unless advancecopies are available at consideration from its users. the time of the originallisting. The types ofpre-pub- licatim titles are: Only through a Kirkusinventory could the full 1. Anticipated best-sellers weight of its influence in selectionbe measured and be 2. Bt oks by well establishedauthors that are likely to then only if it were known that thetitle was purchased purchased by most libraries Kirkus review. Meanwhile, the events of considerable cur- on the basis of the 3. Books about people, places or that are ex- Kirkus (3,973 titles) as compared rent interest atthe time of publication or coverage in 1965 of pected to be controversial orhighly publicized; and with the broader scope of theLibrary Journal (6,127 4. Books of local interest.* titles) 23 with the latter reviewsha"ing been made by One center has exploredthe possibility of purchas- experienced and identifiedlibrarians, might well review, new titles ofauthors stimulate an inquiry on the influence ofreview media. ing, without prior approved by its membership.
Use of the Wilson Catalogs Representative booklists Many centers cite more ofthe Standard Cata- of centers follow: logs of the H. W. Wilson Company asselection aids Extracts representing various types though the pattern of publicationresults in their Indiana: Crawfordsville Purchasingand Processing Center being more often criteriaagainst which to measure Prepares book order list withdesignated date for return. Ar- ranges lists alphabetically;identifies type of books bysuch and possibly to remedy the scopeand adequacy of words as "thriller," "good novel,""adult western." Cites one prior selection. source of review and listprice. 77 Code Author Title Pub. Price Source Canton, E. Martin Luther King, The Peace- ful Warrior (GR 3-5) PH 3.25 LJ 2/15-958 Cohen, J. M. Golden Book of Quotations WLB 1/65.411 (REF) Golden 3.99' Colum, P. Roofs of Gold, Poems to Read Aloud MacM 3.94 NB/ 2/15-566 Conant, James Shaping Educational Policy McGraw 3.95 B 2/1-506 4.95 B 1/15453 imwrimatamow.Cook, James Miracle of Plastics Dial Nevada: State Library Prepares "Books Recommended for Purchase." Includesprice for paper covers and some reviews. 2. American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science AAAS science book list for children. 1964 1.50 paper 2.50 11. Sands, Bill My shadow ran fast.Prentice Hall, 1964 4.95 12. Shakespeare, William Sonnets, ed. with introd. and commen- tary by A. L. Rowse Harper Se Row, 1964 5.00 Library Journal, July, 1964 New York: Buffalo and Erie County Public Library Prepares checklist with designated dates for return. Uses symbols: B = Central Branches have ordered L = Limited. Buy with caution X = Central Branch pool Includestitlesforchildren, young people, andadults. Cites source/sources of reviews and list price. List Symbol uthor Title Review Price B Melman, Seymour Our depleted society Holt 5.95 "A searching examination of economies and production during the period of the Cold War, and the deterioration of technology and leadership which has resulted in, the author maintains, an incompetent society. Stresses the overproduction of armament and urges a new look at our security needs." P. W. 8/9/65 p. 116 Middleton, Harry J. The compact history of the KoreanWar Hawthorn K 10/15/65 5.95 p. 1107 B Mitchell, Joseph Joe Gould's secret Viking K. 7/15/65 4.50 p. 739 B Mueller, Robert Eyes in space John Day (spacecraft views of the universe) B 7/65 3.75 p. 59
New York: Finger Lakes Library System Prepares checklist of books to be on display. Includes adult fiction, adult nonfiction, children's books, easy books, juvenile fiction, juvenile nonfiction, and special groupings, such as "Holiday titles for your consideration." Cites author, title, publisher, publication date, price and source of reviews. No. Copies Montgomery, Ruth. A Gift of Prophecy: the Phenom- enal Jeane Dixon. Morrow, Aug. 25.$4.50. BBG 8/65.; K602, 6/15/65; 14 7/65:3025; PW 6/14/65:97. Nelson, Walter Henry. The Great Discount Delusion. McKay, July 1965.$4.50. BBG 7/65; 11595, 6/15/65; LJ 8/65:3280; NYRT 8/8/65; PW 5/24/65:68; SR 7/31/65. Scipio, (pseud.) Emergent Africa. Houghton, May 1965. $5.00. BBG 5/65; K411, 4/1/65; Li 7/65:3040.
78 New York: Mohawk Fa lley Library Association Book lists for continuations.Among the centers Prepares book order list including books beingpurchased by which include continuations in their bookselection the Association or the Schenectady CountyPublic Library. Library System, New York. Designates date for return; suggests addition of titles.Refuses program is the Westchester to buy books published by Avon orArcadia Press. Includes A comprehensive list of titles of interest toall mem- adult and juvenile fiction and nonfiction. ber libraries was distributed for decisions as ofApril List consider Author Title PublisherPrice 2, 1965. The members were advised not to O'CONNOR, Everything That Rises Farrar 4.95 the list as all inclusive but that suggestionscould be FLANNERY Must Converge Collection of short forwardedFull directions for ordering are given stories by a brilliant with the warning that "with continuationseverything Southern woman writer. varies, price foremost, title, editor,publisher, and sometimes over the years all four."Extracts from TERTZ, The Makepeace Exper- Pantheon 3.95 ABRAM iment the "Continuations List 1965" indicateits scope: Satirical novel about the upheaval in a small Russian village Best Cartoons of the Year 2.95 when a local resi- publ. by Crown dentdiscoversthe Europa year book 44.00 set secret of peace and publ. by Europa Pubns. happiness. By a Glenn's new auto repair manual, by 10.95 Russian writer whose Harold T. Glenn writing is banned in publ. by Chilton Russia. Jane's Fighting Ships 39.50 publ. by McGraw National. Catholic almanac, ed. by 2.95 New York: North Country Library System Felicia Foy Prepares "Central Book Purchase Buying List"with designated publ. by Doubleday" date for return. Relies heavily on Kirkusfor annotations. and nonfiction. Includes adult, young adult, and juvenile fiction Though some centers include continuationstitles as Wodehouse, P. G. THE BRINKMANSHIP OFGALA- monographs in their books lists, few haveorganized K. 1081 HAD TREEPWOODSimon & Schuster1965$4.50 the program so efficiently as Westchester,either in A delightfully comic novel of man- selection guidance or, as will appear later,in cata- ners dealing with theintricate workings of several upper class loging. love affairs. Zilahy, Lajos CENTURY IN SCARLET McGraw. K. 1176 Hill1965$6.95 Book displays and review meetings A sweeping historical novel that opens with the Congress ofVienna Both by displays and reviewing of titles, many in 1814, and follows the two hand- centers emphasize that thereis no substitute for some Hungarian aristocratsthe seeing and handling books before selecting.In New Dukay twinsas they pursue their fortunes in the major courts and Hampshire, a consultant from the State Library at- capitals of the world. tends meetings to which he brings a "carefully-selected collection of both recently published and older books New York: Suffolk Cooperative Library System for adults, young people and children, that, in his The Children's Consultant and the Young Adult Consultant prepare recommended lists for consideration.Asterisks () judgment, might be useful to small libraries."27 The indicate special recommendations.(Juvenile books) IBM or- book meetings of the Rochester Public Library, New der forms used for ordering. York, are open to all the county members of the "Recommended Young Adult Book List" Pioneer Library System. Summer 1964 The Nioga Library System, New York, began to Clark, Kenneth B. 1963 Beacon Press2.50 The Negro protest experiment with a working book review program as Report on succinct but penetrating conversations with negro of November, 1965. The meetings are held bimonthly leaders, Malcolm X, James Baldwin and Martin Luther King. in the Lockport Public Library and at the Swain This brief (56 pages) presentation indicates clearly the position each one takes to the "negro problem." The three divergent Library in Albion where the titles are on display. positions are sharply outlined as they are brought together. Brief reviews of the titles are written by the librarians Excellent frame of reference for further reading. Civil rights and staff of member libraries. While the Director has Engle, Paul and Langland, Joseph 1962 Dial 6.95 stated hopefully that "we think it can be a valuable Poet's choice addition to cooperative book selection,"28 there is The authors' own suggestions on their works become a remark- able anthology. The concentrated high quality does not make evidence from other centers that some librarians are for a simple non-demanding selection but it does make for a reluctant or unable to attend book review meetings rewarding experience. One has a sharp introduction to current poetry for having read this. Poetry held at central locations.
79 Greenaway plan as an aid.Meanwhile participa- day-long visits in a spot convenient to four member tion in the Greenaway plan has permitted libraries libraries. An order slip with order information, re- formerly isolated from publishing centers to secure view source, and a brief annotation is placed in each titles for display and review oftentimes prior to book. In addition to the books and reviewing pe- publication. At present the Michigan State Library, riodicals carried in the bookmobile, other resources through the Library Services and Construction Act are included. These include sample volumes of en- (LSCA) funds, provides "Greenaway contracts with cyclopedias with reviews,/ the Wilson catalogs and some 24 publishers to each library system asthe Books in Print, phonograph records, gift awl exchange nucleus of a book examination center."29 The Grand books, and about 2,000 books from the System's head- Traverse Area Library Federation, one of the Michi- quarter's pool which the librarians may borrow.22 gan Systems, furthers the selection service to its mem- The program hasbeen seeminglysatisfactory ber libraries by preparing book lists with annotations though some librarians still prefer to order directly and buying information. In addition "book selection from reviews.While the System headquarters has meetings occur every two weeks and librarians of the viewed the success of its program with somereserve, area libraries are invited to staff discussion of books." 99 a federal grant has been requested to continue the The Rochester Public Library, New York, also par- experiment. ticipates in the Greenaway plan and shares the titles for review and examination with the Pioneer System. The obvious limitation of this librarians' "Parnassus on Wheels" is the resultant rapid evaluation. This Unless there is a large library associated with the is offset both by the knowledge thatmany librarians center or unless funds, federal or other, are available, for the first time are previewing titles before ordering few centralized processing programs have been able and also by the availability of the titles for studyat to obligate themselves with Greenaway contracts. Yet headquarters. contractual arrangements might well be explored in the search for improving selection through review Selection inthe Wayne County Library System, among member libraries. Data on the following pub- Michigan lishers, some among many, indicate both the financial Among the services offered by the Wayne County and the reviewing responsibility which would be as- Library System to its members by contract is firmly sumed by a center should it participate in the pro- guided book selection. The service is thus described: gram: Qualified and experienced professional librarians who have Publishers and theGreenaway Plan specialized in book selection seek out books available andpre- Approx. no of 1st copy cost May pare lists used by community librarians for ordering. Two adult Publisher titles, 1965 or discount return lists appear each month and includea wide range of titles in T. Y. Crowell 114 $1.00 per book No all subject areas as well as fiction and pamphlet material. One list each month also includes replacement titles to enablecom- Dodd, Mead 153 1.00 per book No munity libraries to keep up to date with fillinggaps and re- Doubleday 650 55% No ordering books previously listed. 'Wayne County receives many Harper & Row 643 $495.00 per year No books on the Greenaway Plan well in advance of publication (60-70%) and orders single copies of many others as soonas they are announced in order to list books as soon as possible. Cetiain McGraw-Hill 662 20% technical Yes best sellers may be bought without listing for libraries interested 40% trade in such services. Community librarians may inspect the books Prentice-Hall 449 25% technical Nos and the Kirkus and Library Journal reviews at the County 65% trade library prior to ordering. 2,671 Total One juvenile list is prepared each month, September through June, based on decisions made by the children s librarians who meet monthly with the head of children's services for a book Bookmobile service."Book selection on wheels" reviewing and in-service training meeting. Replacement titles has been an experiment of the North County Library are incorporated in the monthly lists for October through June. System whereby books were taken to the member The local libraAans are sent the lists at leastone week in librarians throughout the System. The experiment advance of the deadline and are expected to check it over, com- has been conducted with the aid of a 2,500 volume pare present holdings, estimate their needs, and examine the books which are on display at the headquarters building and demonstration bookmobile from the Library Exten- enter their orders at that time. sion Division of the New York State Education De- partment and with the Library Services Act funds. From 100 to 400 selected new titles are routed for four Requests for books not on any list may be made and if the book meets the selection standards set by participating members, days of, one week 'during months of good weather for it will be listed subsequently."
80
. . Wayne County Library System, Michigan cated. Another center which orders pamphlets is the Extracts from an "Adult Book Order List": Buffalo County Public Library.
looks displayed, - October 15.22 Met roe.loves:7352 -7632 Selection in the Mower Library System, New Yorku 53e6 - 5522 Order deadline October 22, 1965 Lasts14,163 . The Pioneer Library System is a somewhat complex federated structure of five counties (Monroe, Living- ston, Ontario, Wayne, and Wyoming) . They,through Butt 7352 ma. ant 7359 contract with Monroe County, secure book selection rove ee Iftepb Men& Isubls. YISP:Awl= M. 1565. 6.e5 5W1441 guidance and other processing services from the A noel be lee ralesele bier*. et K=4 Awl Nam* Wrasy Istaspuntre:17 INF limier me 11* lealdsta. mut* Rochester Public Library with which Monroe County had earlier contracted. Further agreement between 7353 MOM UM./ 11. 7360 Wee NO lettere. Mt. 1565. 123 A seines* w aliteetsel, eveloatee each county and its member libraries creates the se tee Weep sM ereetlee se 1teeeen framework for the federation in which each county retains its freedom of selection. Thus the Rochester Pamphlets Public Library shares its professional services with 14490 edwin arlington 14501high school com- the System. The Library has no control over the robinson pletion program finances and will order titles,if requested, which foradultsand are below its own standards. Monographs only can gl" out of school be ordered. 14491 effects of the civil youth Within the Rochester Public Library.Biweekly book lists routinely are prepared for adult and young war on farming dept pub instr in michigan people'stitles;children's book listsare prepared free fortnightly except during the summer months. The mich. civil war 14502 how to conduct lists include Greenaway titles from about thirty pub- cent. observance abook review lishers which have been screened in advance and non- comm. free symposium Greenaway titles ordered for review. They also include titles recommended by member libraries with approval jewish book of the library which made the suggestion and sources coun .20 of reviews which are generally availablein the Wayne is one of the few systems to offer such a branches. Fortnightly book meetings are held. Spe- thorough pamphlet selection service. There is no cial lists are compiled such as "The Challenge of the processing charge; each library pays the price as indi- `Great Society'," August 27, 1965.
Extract from "Adult Bookmeeting List" September 8, 1965 # Numbers preceded by this symbol are to be reviewed briefly. Non-Fiction 11 Gould, Julius A dictionary of the social sci- 64 Free Press 19.50 ences Choice 6:219 12 Graham, William F. World aflame 65 Doubleday 3.95 K 715 13 Harrington, Michael The accidental century 65 Macmillan 5.95 K 554; H 8/22:1 Fiction #51 Keating, Henry R. Is skindeep, is fatal 65 Dutton 3.95 K 594 #52 Knight, Damon F. Beyond tomorrow 65 Harper 4.50 K 655 53 Lane, Margaret A night at sea 65 Knopf 4.95 K 854
* Circuit books are paid for from overhead expenses; they are usually scarce, expensive or of limited interest.
81 The lists also include prepublicationtitles, relistings, them "ordered materials 1)sporadically, 2) from new editions, etc.(e.g., Consumer bulletin 1965/66 only one source, 3) with book committees,4) with limited knowledge or attention given to pamphlets, Annual),and paperbacks. paperbacks, government documents, etc."87 Within the Monroe County LibrarySystem.The member libraries are advised that: OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The Rochester Public Library's biweekly adultbook selec- tion meetings are open to participatinglibraries.Lists of While there may be some justifiable concern over books to be considered will be sentto participating of book selection if guidance libraries approximately one week in advance of the meet- a conformal pattern ing; these lists cite book reviews. emanates from a centralized source, even more tobe 2. The Rochester PublicLibrarysendstoparticipating avoided is the book selection wasteland, sometimes libraries lists of books reviewed at its children's book selec- present, nourished on inadequacies inselection poli- tion meetings, with indication of the agencies forwhich the books are ordered. These books with theRochester cies, in knowledge and use of reviewing media,and Public Library stairs reviews, may be examined atthe in literary judgment. It is recommended,therefore, subsequent adult book selection meeting. The Rochester Public Library will also arrange quarterly children'sbook that centralized service programs: selection meetings. I. Endorse and foster the unqualified freedomof 3. Special advice will be given by specialists of theRochester Public Library staff in connection with unusual bookselec- selection within the member library. tion problems." 2. Adhere to a policy of guiding selectionby Within the Pioneer Library System.=-Librariesin a. Evaluatingand recommending reviewing the entire complex receive the book lists andwithin media. each county the director securestitles from the b. Issuing book buying lists, with sourcesof Rochester Public Library and holds book selection reviews and annotations, for further selective meetings independently. Members are urged to assist appraisal. the System to improve its services by memoranda such c.Including monographs, serials, and other as the following: types of materials within theacquisitional interests of member libraries. BIWEEKLY CHECKLISTSYOUR SUGGESTIONS ARE WELCOME d. Making available for personal review the a) These checklists of adult, juvenile and young adult titles titles included on the lists either at the are initiated by RPL staff but the suggestionsof town center or at designated locationswithin the librarians are most welcome. While all member libraries can order any book that they wish, even though not on a perimeter of member libraries. checklist, we suggest that town librarians, when ordering e.Scheduling book review meetings. non-checklisttitles,considerwhetherotherlibrarians might wish to order them too.If you think that they f.Encouraging member libraries to contribute would, send your order to the Acquisition Department and titles and reviews for inclusion in book buy- note "CHECKLIST?" on the order card. b) Pre-publication titles are listed to permit earlier purchase ing lists. and processing of these types of books: 3. Schedule a semi-annual reappraisal of acquisi- 1) Anticipated best-sellers; 2) Books by well established authors that are likely to be tions on the basis of the buying lists, thereby purchased by most libraries; insuring selection which reflects reader request 3) Books about people, places or events of considerable current interest at the time of publication or that are as well as anticipated readerinterests. expected to be controversial or highly publicized; and 4) Books of local interest. FOOTNOTES Most titles listed for pre-publication purchase are re-listed I.Ontario Cooperative. Library System, New York, "Contract for later review and reconsideration unless advanced copies with Member Libraries," p. 3, paragraph 8. are available at the time of original listing. 2. Public Library Service Center of Southwest Wisconsin, Send your suggestions for pre-publication listing to Harold "Agreement," p. 1, paragraph la. Hacker, who has a personal interest in pre-publication 3. "Northern Colorado Processing Center," [A Report pre- purchasing. pared by Luella Kinnison] (1962), p. 8. (Mimeographed.) SPECIAL CHECKLISTSYOUR SUGGESTIONS 4. North Carolina State Library Processing Center, "Develop- ARE WELCOME ment and Procedures, January 1, 1960-June 30, 1961" (Raleigh, Ifthere are areas in your library's collection that need N. C.: 1961) ), variously paged. strengthening and you believe that other libraries may also be 5. Suffolk Cooperative Library System, New York, "Director's weak in the same area (e.g., picture books, types of novels, sub- Annual Report, November 11, 1964," pp. 5-6. ject areas),send your suggestions for a special checklist to your 6. Wayne County Library, Michigan, "Library Resource Cen- system director. Such checklists, when issued, will include stan- ter: Notes on Procedures and Policies for Processing of Books, dard as well as currently published titles." April 3, 1964," 7. Georgia State Department of Education, Public Library Order Directions, 1965.1966 (Atlanta, Ga.: 1965), pp. 5.6. While there are yet p iblems to be solved, the 8. Ibid., p. 7. Director of the Livingston County Library System in 9. North Carolina State Library Processing Center, " Memo- New York feels that the librarians would not like to randum 27, July 14, 1965." 10. North Carolina State Library Processing Center, "Memo- return to their former procedures when many of randum 33, January 14, 1966."
82 11. Texas State Library Centralized Processing Center,Man- their own ordering, 19 includedordering. ual/2 (Austin: 1965), p. 9. 12. Finger Lakes Library System, New York,"Checklist, No. Though the two Missouri centersdid not partici- 54, August 27, 1965." their different financial 13. Four County Library System, New York, "BookSelection pate in the questionnaire, and Book Ordering," from Marcus A. Wright,Director, 1-5-62. structures illustratehow the two ordering procedures, 14. Nassau Library System, New York, "Reporting Datesfor local and central, emerged inMissouri. The South- Book Orders," from R. Pfeffer le, Chief, TechnicalServices, June Service, Inc., has never in- 1, 1965. west Missouri Library 15. From interview with Staff, North CountryLibrary System, cluded centralized ordering but theplan is seemingly New York, September 10, 1965. the center l6. Westchester Library System, Technical Services, NewYork, satisfactory to its members which support "Procedure Manual for Member Libraries" (1964), p.BkOrd-2. according to a proportional assessmentbased on their Detailed directions given as to sections of reviewingmedia to use Services Cen- and order data. total budgets. In contrast, the Library 17. See Chapter IX, footnote 9, ter of Missouri (formerly autonomous, nowunder the 18. "Tabulations Completed," Library Journal, XCI(April direction of the Missouri State Library)had an agree- 15, 1966), 2190. 19. Northern. Colorado Pmeessing Center, "RushOrders" ment whereby each memberagreed to expend a cer- (Sept. 1965.) tain percentage of its book budget throughthe Center. 20. Book Processing Center, Oak Park,Illinois, "Procedures for Deadline Books." (1965?) Such a plan insures volume and hasbeen imitated 21. California State Library ProcessingCenter, "Procedure more frequently thanthat of the Southwest Missouri Change, November 9, 1962." 22. Letter from Mrs. Alice E. Wolff, VicePresident & Man- Library Service, Inc., especially among those centers aging Editor, Virginia Kirkus' Service, Inc., May 24,1966. which lacked subsidies. The budget percentage tobe 23. See footnote 18 above. 24. From interview with Walter H. Kaiser, CountyLibrarian, expended through the centers varies from75% to Wayne County, Michigan, Library System,November 11, 1965. 80%, according to some formal agreements. 25. Pioneer Library System, New York,"Memorandum #1 -C, December, 1961," p. 2. As subsidy programs developed, eitherpartial or in 26. Westchester Library System, Technical Services, NewYork, "Continuations List 1965, February 17, 1965." 9 pp. full, the need for firm financial commitments was 27. New Hampshire State Library, "Manualfor Centralized lessened because the expenses usually were assumedby Purchasing" (1965), p. 3. 28. Nioga Library System, "Something New,"Laurence G. the centers within the multi-service programs.In Hill, Director.(Invitation to attend book meetings either on the New York Systems there is no suggestionthat a November 8, 1965, or on November 15, 1965) . 29. Letter from Miss Genevieve M. Casey, StateLibrarian, guarantee be made of the percentage tobe expended Michigan State Library, December 17, 1965. or of the number oftitles to be acquired. Contracts 30. Letter from Mrs. Terese Flaherty, D i rector,Grand charge Traverse Area Library Federation, Michigan,September 7, with outsiders, however, usually do specify a 1965. per volume and sometimesindicate the total number 31. Data from James A. Leathers, Director of Libraries,Mid- between the Nioga Continent Public Library Service, Independence, Missouri. to be processed. The agreement 32. McFerran, Warren, "Book Selection on Wheels,"The Library System, New York, and Niagara University Bookmark (March 1965), pp. 209-211. (Reprint.) (volume)is to be 33. Wayne County Library, Michigan, "CentralizedSelection, states that the charge per unit Cataloging, and Book Processing Services Provided by the Wayne $1.55 and also that: County Public Library." (August 1965), pp. 1-2. 34. Data from interview, September 9,1965, and corre- Niagara spondence in 1965 and 1966 with Doris Repenter, Head, Ac- The minimum number of volumes to be processed for quisitions Department, Rochester Public Library, New York. University...shall be five thousand (5,000) volumes? 35. Monroe County Library System, New York, "Plansfor Centralized Processing " (March 23, 1961.) The ordering programs that have developed are 36. Pioneer Library System, New York, "Memorandum #1-C, notable excep- December, 1961," pp. 1-2. partial rather than complete, the two 37. Letter from Walter F. Airel, Director, Livingston County tions being those of the Wayne County LibrarySys- Library System, New York, January 7, 1966. tem, Michigan, and the HawaiiState Library where complete coverage is sought. The freedominsured for member library acquisitions has been arestraining factor in the development of coordinated,centralized CHAPTER XII ordering. Contributing factors have been: (1) the use of the percentage quota which invites memberli- WITHIN THE CENTER: ORDERING braries to maintain at least a skeleton order unit and thus duplicate procedures; (2) the reluctance or un- willingness of systems headquarters to assumefull INTRODUCTION ordering responsibility with the consequent result Centralized ordering is an activity of many process- that member libraries continue to order individually; ing centers though not consideredessential by others. (3) the decision not to order certain types of materials Of, the 23 respondents to the Missouriquestionnaire, Which compels the continuation of both an ordering four stated that member libraries wereresponsible for and a cataloging unit within member libraries. 83 Such a division of responsibility defeats in partthe These decisions affect book selection and ordering proclaimed merits of centralized processing among in the member libraries and the guidance offered by which are: the centers so significantly that reappraisals might be made to broaden the coverage of centralized ordering 1. More professional time released to perform otheradminis- trative and professional duties programs or to abandon them. 5. Elimination or reduction of duplication of effort among In this chapter data on single and concurrent title libraries in an area ordering from member libraries and special topics 6. Reduction in bookkeeping for member liNraries by having only one bill to pay! affecting ordering policies and procedures are re- viewed. Types of materials to be ordered through the centers Current monographic publications rather than con- ORDERS FROM MEMBER LIBRARIES tinuations have received priority;this, despite the Orders from member libraries may be sent in for knowledge that continuations are frequently more single titles as selected or for titles selected by a difficult both to order and to catalog. Some centers designated date from lists being shared by all mem- do permit the ordering of annuals as if they were bers.Single or individualized title ordering is con- monographs. Among the New York Systems the scope sidered by some a concomitant of freedom of book varies as follows:(1) the Buffalo and Erie County selection. While this view is held, for example, by. the Library includes books, pamphlets, periodicals, audio- Suffolk Cooperative Library System, New York, and visual and other library materials;(2)the Finger respected by the autonomous and many of the neo- Lakes Library System, books and phonorecords; (3) departmental centers, some have attributed their crises the Pioneer Library System, books and periodicals; in processing to it. One center, for example, which (4) the Westchester Library System, monographs and predicated its solvency on a duplication of 41/2 titles, continuations. The Texas State Library Centralized found that the actual duplication was 11/2 titles. A Processing Center will handle only in-print publica- partial solution has been found in synchronized order- tions and publications published or distributed in the ing which, by the use of book buying lists and/or Continental United States or Canada. recommended reviewing media, encourages duplica- tive title acquisitions. Types of materials not generally ordered through the Thus orders may be received in the center at any centers time as in the North Carolina State Library Process- Out-of-print publications, foreign imprints, rare ing Center and the Book Processing Center in Florida books, and titles from dealers' sales catalogs are seldom, or the receipt may be scheduled more rigidly as in if ever, included. Pamphlets, government documents, the Wayne County Library System, Michigan, in the and audio-visual materials are usually acquired by Book Processing Center in Oak Park, Illinois, with the member libraries. The North Carolina State Li- its single and deadline date orders; and in the Pioneer brary Processing Center has advised its members Library System, New York, which both accepts single specifically that: orders at any time and also issues book buying lists with dates for return. While duplicate title orders Since any publication ordered from either the Superintendent of Documents or State agencies must be paid in advance, we oftentimes have received preferential treatment, thus are requesting that, for the present, you handle these local orders far no center has arbitrarily rejected single requests locally and not send them to the Center! from its members. However, the Eastern Shore Book Processing Center in Maryland does order government documents but no Single title ordering special discount is available and postage must be in- That single title orders have created problems in cluded in the charge.4 some centers can be noted in the following account One Center sought release from a backlog by urging from the North Carolina State. Library Processing that member libraries acquire and catalog their own Center: best sellers but, despite the request, many of the The problem of lack of duplicate tides has not been solved. libraries continued to order popular titles through It has always been the greatest single difficulty and has come the Center. The Suffolk Cooperative Library System, close to stymieing the program....All attempts to remedy this situation have met with small success. Holding orders for New. York, originally planned to limit itsprogram to a period of time before they were placed gave some duplication, titles published, not printed, in 1963, butas the but this delayed the book's delivery to the library and orders for single titles became huge and unwieldy. Itwas hoped that routines have been improved, itsscope has been ex- limiting the number of acceptable sources would increase dupli- panded to include some pre-1963or earlier adult cation. However, the present sources used by the member li- braries list thousands of titles and at no time is a deadline' placed non-fiction titles.5 upon when a title can be ordered! 84 The Wyoming State Librarywhich had anticipated While it can be assumed that if, in June, 14 libraries selected 127 titles from a list of 211 there was some a high percentageof duplication noted in its"Second Quarterly Report, October,November, December duplication, the monthly statistics are not detailed enough to indicate the pattern of duplication. 1965," that While 2,231 book% were processed, 1,400titles were cataloged and classified. These figures showthat the Center is still doing The Pioneer Library System, New York, has ana- 63 percent individual cataloging' lyzed its statistics, however, so that some data on duplication appear: Concurrent title ordering A pattern of concurrent titleordering is more likely
to occur when the centerparticipates in selection by 1342 130 by making the suggesting the use of review media, Titles no. % no. % no. % titles available for review, and/orby preparing book Ordered from Checklbts (and proc- 51,992 68.1 62.163 67A 62.777 02 buying lists with deadline dates. TheVirginia Kirkus' cued in bulk)*
Service dominates the reviewingfield. For example, Single titles ordered as duplicates 12.162 16.1 15.210 16.5 16,312 16.7
the California State Library extendedits date for the Single titles new to ordering library 10,914 14.5 15292 14.4 9.306 102 Kirkus to within ten receipt of adult titles cited in Single titles new to Pioneer Library 994 1.3 1,936 1.5 1,073 12 days of its arrival in a member librarybecause System
There is aprobability,in fact, that the Center would have a 75.462 100 92.071 100 90,540 10016 greater percentage of sunulitaneousorders for a given title if we extended the mailing deadline,since many orders are received here from one to five days late by presentrequirement' The Northern Colorado ProcessingSystem allows more time for thestudy of Kirkus reviews, for it ad- The Stockton-San Joaquin County Public Library, vises its members thus: California, has designed its "ordering procedures to insure as much simultaneous and coordinated order- Please send orders two months after the dateof the Kirkus ing as possible." The plan is as follows: issue. The orders from the Kirkus issue datedSeptember 15 should be at the Center by November 15. Wehave-found that months, nor, are All libraries receive a consideration list of items we plan to few of the books are available before the two order, approximately one week before the order meeting. A the L. C. proofs available' week later at the joint book order meeting, all libraries are able to indicate which items should be purchased fortheir libraries. Kirkus citations are included on many,of the book At the order meeting, everyone is also able to inspect mostof buying lists prepared by centersoffering guidance. the books being considered, as we receive on preview plansfrom the various publishers many of the current, populartitles. Book When Greenaway titles are available bothfor annota- reviews are also available for their scanning. Occasionally, some tion and review these too are found onlists or form oversight or second thoughts will cause a single title order to State Library be placed later on for some member library. This,however, is the basis for selection as in the Michigan not too frequent.'" plan. In the North Country LibrarySystem, Water- town, New York, the new titles wererouted during an Because the emphasis has been more upon concur- experimental period by bookmobile todesignated rent and simultaneous, rather than*eventual, duplica- areas for review by themember libraries.n tion of titles, there is some question as to whetherthe An example of concurrent ordering can be seenin economy of administrationand convenience of the the statistics reflecting the 1964 bookmobileselection staff routines of the center might not have been con- program of the North CountryLibrary System: tributing factors in fostering simultaneous ordering
Jun 29 Jul 27 Nov 30 Pr May Jun Jut 3 Jul 31 Aug Sept Oct Dec 4
Titles 108 436 Offered 239 216 211 190 140 151 209
Titles 243 Ordered 130 122 127 105 94 111 138
Copies 193 320 Ordered 326 224 235 155 171 207 182 13 17 8 Libraries 31 15 14 11 18 15
Statistics for Central Library, Rochester Public Library' notincluded. 85 rather than concern for reader service. One adminis- On the verso of the "Vendor's return slip" is the trator has spoken firmly on eventualduplication: request: As to whether or not it is necessary that all copies of a par- ticular title be ordered at the same time, my answer would have PLEASE RETURN TO OMR DIPARTMINT to be absolutely no. It is certainly not definitely necessary. Cer- WITH YOUR ANSWER tainly, it speed: the work through the processing center if you can process duplicate copies of a title at the same time. How- 1. Sold, order cancelled ever, the important thing is the service to the clientele.0 2. Out of print Searching 0 Cancelled With the use of data processing, the acceptance of will send Cancelled I book catalogs and possible decentralization of physical 3. 0 Out of stock processing of materials, eventual, as well as simultane- 4. Not yet published Will send Cancelled I ous, duplication should be met with equalequanimity. 5. Publisher does not recognize
6. Please confirm your order. Forms Order forms part of series
Centers which function as ordering outlets usually 7. Other distribute single title order cards, either free or at minimum charge, to member libraries. Centers which North Carolina: State Library ProcessingCenter participate in selection usually furnish two order cards, one for titles ordered singly by member libraries CLASS NO. AUTHOR SO CAT SHELF and one for titles selected from book buying lists, at TITLE book review meetings or from Kirkus if that is the LIST PRIG= PUSINSON YEAR VOLS. MON *Immo« source recommended by the library. Single title order card-The single title order card, SOON SELECTION SOURCE_ nizoosmo NIONSIVISO generally in multiple form, contains varying bits of information as the following examples indicate: NO. OP CCM!,LOWRY HANS New York: Buffalo dr Erie County Public Library DATE ONWARD MOM NO. RCN TO:Nub May. rased AM UMW.0V A IRIS COUNTY PUBLIC Prionsial Goer DMA:. MI MN Juno* a flu Owe LIkney Mist Bamalat L "WirliNr-
KACI Ana. North Carolina uses a five part order form for which soma lo. . w,I the following detailed directions are furnished: .T.^- - iliakiwiAMlilaWirliimillWMhisii 61-61iiiiiiiiiiilila logiraWMWAAIM Fill out the forms . .. IAN iliniiiii iliaIna661 iiiMiihii ilia iiiiiiiiiiii a.Author- (1) last name, (2) first name, or two initials. 6ii'6011iiiiiiiEdIna Ilia II-ilia b.Title- as given in the book selection tool you are using. isialfil iiiiiiiM iiiiM lila halals!! Publifher- name as given in the book selection tool or CBI. kirisliiiiiliaWilla iiisii 61111 iliaYiii c. ii iihiii'Ili616-ails.' lima iiiMhail d.Year- copyright date as given in book selection tool. . 1. 1 e.Volumes- necessary only when there are 2 or more volumes in a' set. f.Series- use only when definitive; e.g., NPC (New Pocket There are seven forms used: (1) Order file, (2) Book Classics). care,(3) In process slip,(4) New titles,(5)Shelf g.Edition- use only when other than latest coypright date or edition is desired. cards, (6) Order to vendor, (7) Vendor's return slip. h.Book selection source- indicate the source of your selection, On the verso of the "Order to vendor" are the fol- date of the issue, and page number (see abbreviations). THIS EX?EDITES THE SERVICE BY HELPING THE lowing instructions: CENTER TO IDENTIFY THE BOOK AND TO PRE- INSTRUCTIONS CATALOG. Prebound requested- check only if you want prebound. 1.ALL SHIPMENTS MUST BE PIEPAIO. i. j.Library name= identify your library, e.g., Stanly, Fontana, 2. BILLS FOR 3 OR MORE TITLES MUST BE IN QUADRUPLICATE. AMY, etc., or use your identification number which is 3. KINDLY GRANT THE USUAL LIBRARY DISCOUNT. k. Cost- leave blank; we will add the net price in this space 4. ALWAYS SEND THE LATEST EDITION UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED. when we return the pink order sliptoyou. 5. KINDLY REPORT IF ITEMS ARE SOLD OR IF DELIVERY WILL BE DELAYED. 1. Date ordered-- use date you send the order to the Center. 6.SHIPMENTS ARE ON APPROVAL BASIS UNTIL THE COUNTY OF ERIE m. Sets- indicate in the upper right hand corner thenumber of ISSUES THE CONFIRMING PURCHASE ORDER. sets of catalog cards and shelf list cards you need for the 7.VOUCHERS ACCOMPANYING THE COUNTY PURCHASE ORDER MUST title, e.g., 2 cat. 1 shelf. BE EXECUTED AND RETURNED TO: n. Class no.- leave blank, unless the title you are orderingis BUFFALO & ERIE COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY an Added Copy and you want to continue the classification IMAM= SQUARE IINFALO 3, N. Y. number previously used.If so, put AC, for "added coil," and classification number used in your library. If you want 8. INSERT RETURN SLIP INSIDE FRONT COVER WHEN DELIVERING BOOK OR SEND REPORT ON THE REVERSE SIDE. additional sets of catalog cards, indicate as in "m," otherwise catalog cards will not be sent for added copies. o. List price- give price indicated in the book selection source.
86
r-
.11645.1,,1u4 p. Dealer leave blank for books in publisher'sbinding unless 12. Dewey number (For duplicate copies only) (0) sale is to be credited to Watson Lambeth. In this case, write a. Type the word DUP in space marked source(K) "Doubleday." If you prefer a certain jobber for your pre- b. Immediately after the word DUP, type bounds, designate here. (1) Fictionfor fiction titles q. No. of copies designate the number of copies (or setsof (2) Exact classification numberfor non-fiction volumes) of this title you are ordering. titles (3) Efor easy books Tab set cards for ordering.As data processing be- (4) SSfor short stories (5) On orderfor a second order of the same comes more commonly accepted, tab-set cards willbe title. increasingly used as the following example from the B.Detach first copy of the tab set and send to the NLS order Nassau Library System, New York, demonstrates: department. Buying list order cards.When titles are selected from a list, an individual order card may be used for :imillialliilasililiiki 1111- bilifillbil II kid .,...... =,=..i..._..,.._._._.6 each title, the list may be checked and returned with IS El aOF*001313CYDOMMMOCI a duplicate kept at the member library, or the titles 1,1 0 nIMEM:11111:11:11:121131:11:1000 may be pre-punched on IBM or Univac cards and lica: e.moleO ©Oomememome MARK NO. OP COMES OROORSD HILIMta El n 0100000000000 r,"'VilIMIN checked appropriately by member libraries before 0. 0 0000000000000000 being returned. The Pioneer Library System has re- ::: %MalSIM ©0CEOMECEE0::1:0::1 %iliailliallialii 0 01:10F1001:11311111013000130 cently designed an individual order form which will =1=1111111211111=MIEM=M=1=2M1El CI MEMCIMEMEMEHMEIMMBEI 7. 7. ft 75 T ,l,T. rela Isea 711711 ti 71174 4,70 5a V 4, expedite the completion of buying list orders since I I t CCO^CC000C00DOCOCCC 9j0 1::: :.:: : :1! 9 : 1111.30-316.5EMC_V -MT-:..7N1L-.7.1CM'S the coding data will be the list number and the item number. Three tab-set cards are made for each title, the first of which is forwarded to the NLS order department. New York: Pioneer Library System Buying List Order Form DIRECTIONS* A. Type the following information on the lines preceded by Part I.Copy retained by member library which the black squares serves as its order file record: (A)to order any title for which pre-punched cards are unavailable 1. Author's full name(B)
2. Title (C) MST NC MITH11 3. Edition (D) a. For serial publications, indicate volume number 0 RIM NO. and/or year covered by the volume (do not type 3. latest edition) -srussuskas b. For revised editions of monographic publications,
indicate exact edition ordered (i.e. Rev., 2d) I NO. OF COMS INVOICE NO. .1011111. c. For all juvenile titles, indicate which bindings to DATE 011SRS INVOICE OATS CATALOG CARD be ordered (E). AWN IV API. MOOR SIM/ LIST NEC'S IT LIB PATIENT 411101CZ Lj (Orders not indicating a binding shall be re- DATE turned) 'fatI fFea (1) Trade binding Tr (2) Publisher's reinforced library editionLib. ed. (3) PrebindPB Part II.Copy to be sent to Acquisitions Depart- (4) Screening (Library binding supplied if avail- able; otheiwne a prebound is supplied) ment Screen d. For Doubleday paper bound books,indicate
Heckman Binding or Permabound if the service is 11 G RICT2' 3:4 4'2110 11!1214 X NT desired. fly .1 ZIT! e. For paperbacks, indicate PA. AYTIIM 4. Personal and Do Not Catalogcheck appropriate box ITV. kW' INTA (F or G) 1 5. Publisher (H) !VIM mousiest 6. Collection (I) -5.. W 2 (Use separate card for each collection) g S.'II ..a... +7INOasS1ausalINratgasassausaesirasusell IMWI
a. ReferenceR SS NW. 1.11Flr-IATUS ANNAC NSK.1118WNK MIMIINS1.14 b. Juvenile J 1 L c. Young AdultYA E mlIKNK111150115PINI.. NIPTIC 5K WO 114 We 1101. 7. Year of publication (J) 8. Source (K) 9. Number of copies (L) 10. Library code number (M) Cited from sheet of directions accompanying tab-set cards, 11. List pnce of book (N) Nassau Library System, New York.
87 Pre-punched cards for ordering.TheNassau Li. Northern Colorado Processing Center brary System uses pre-punchedcards for Kirkus titles FLOWmar of oaDERINGPSOMIL. as tl~following illustrates:
Multiple order form received at Cent .1nEr ASS014AT SKS 4, 11044116. A 1.11 lifilliiiil ijiiji:Virrill ii.,,J2:ri7.... lisi v I toured IlAl . OOOOOOO 11111IIII11.11 IIIII'llII IIIIM 11111111, Orderslip typed mo by clerk
Sent to supplier
Fors Separated
1110l10 {Chit.& Piqk Ozer Yellow _ 6 l 11111. I MI:=1M M:711111=11:Z=M1 11 Orderfile Publisher's Clerk forcheckinghecking for file cataloging information Regfie HO1116ML 11':=Mf INIE 1%1_1 l Catalog information Catalog information located xt located
I. Cataloger prepares File in "Cards not Three pre-punched cards aremade for each title, workslip located." To be checked on arrival the white card and two withcolored top borders, one of nor pre-cataloging Clerk for typing source' green and one yellow. waster
Clerkfliesyellow slip and workslip DIRECTIONS in "Cards in process!' I. To order titles with pre-punchedcards return the white NORTH CAROLINA STATE LIBRARY card to the Order Department and retain the card orcr.a.ds with the colored stripes for your own files.(All pre- PROCESSING CENTER punched cards not used must be returned to NLSmarked I.Orders. "salvage"). II. To indicate number of copies ordered,mark X's in the A. Orders received from libraries arrangedalpha- first two numbered columns.(Area 1 on sample card.) betically by title. Please use a black pencil for marking. A. To order from one to nine copies, place anX in the B. Order forms checked for conpletenessapublisher O square of the first column and an X inthe appro- included, library identification number added, priate numbered square of the secondcolumn.(i.e., for one copy, an X in the 0 square of the firstcolumn etc. and X in the 1 square of the second.) C. Orders separated according to jobber. B. To order ten copies or more, place an X inthe ap- propriate numbered square of. the first andsecond', 1. Trade books sent to Campbell and Hall. columns.(i.e., for ten copies, an X in the 1 square of the first column and an X in the 0 square ofthe 2. Prebound orders designating jobber singled second.) outNew Method, Associated, Ruzicka, Im- III. To indicate collection, if books are for youngadult or perial, etc. for special order. reference, mark the appropriate symbol R or YA inthe box "collection."(Area 2 on sample card.)If copies of 3.If order specifies prebound, but prebinder the same title are ordered for two collections, usethe not designated, alphabetized listsby title pre-punched card for adult circulating and the regular 3" x 5 multiple order form for the other order.(In the supplied by three prebinders are checked near future, a tab set of punched cardswill be used for Gardner, Associated, Ruzickaif a title is these.) order IV. To indicate any other information: not on either of the three lists, the A. Paperbackmark PA in the section "Bind" (Area3 goes to New Method. on sample card) B. Pricefor your own records only, enter price on the 4. E. M. Hale, American Library Association, second copy only in area marked "price." Eowker, Wilson, National Geographic books C.Date ordered or any other information needed place information in area marked with an on the second special ordered from the publisher. card only. D. Orders sent to jobber same day orders received from library. ORDERING PROCEDURES WITHIN CENTERS 1. Orders consolidated and arranged alpha- Detailed procedures for ordering may be found betically by title. in the manuals of some of the centers. Data from 2. Purchase order number assigned to each in- two centers, the. Northern Colorado Processing Center dividual order and cover letter with this and the North Carolina State Library Processing Cen- number accompanies each group of white ter, are included for illustration: slips. * Cited from sheet of directions accompanying pre-punched Cited from Development and Procedures, January 1, 1960 - cards, Nassau Library System, New York. June 30, 1961, North Carolina State Library Processing Center.
88 3. Order form separated and carbons removed North Carolina State Library Processing Center except between pink and green slips. North Caro/ins State .11brarl, Prettiest= Caster c. emeent yellow olive throughCenter.
a. Total copies of a title being ordered co- Search kaldisss file ordinated on one white slip. Remaining Mork belooless card with t Coket sets of tell stock fres duplicate white slips discarded. White sabot of library ordering cars ordered stock bin le cataloger for Festek proof-slip !Iasi+.elessificatlea sad [3 armors orplee slips mailed to jobber. verificatiewm type pocket muter set up twee b. Yellow slips for cataloging numbered t 11 or 2 espies of title wattle' forpew! Ts typist...type infor- to typist to senplete sots slip fits. Cenbithe mation en preef.slips. according to purchase order number. 'lanes sestets and pecker sisters Me fuck or lot ssswjhtick
c. Pink and green slips kept intact in out- Te NultilithXeren Well holdings card. Set op operator fee card reruns standing order box. duplication 10 typist for subject hauling. Cue card pulled sad cards sad pedketsif sot far Wadley file attached.Complete e:der for Igmberek cataloged file. (saw till..) cards E. Pink and green slips(still attached with car- i "' u `i"`" Sete checked for accuracy bon) filed by jobber and by order number. Divided by book selectlea seureal Current titles Verified Old titles.. ile In oetstandies order for co:recesses of title, take copy file with pleb and stem publicaties date. subject a. Moen tutelage 'setter, etc. 14 ROC lr Tallow slips are tiled with 'Filets estalesed vibes clips whom basks are pile loyalties far file shipped pros! -ally file leak strive.. Cuspated V
Rreef.ellps arrive. gad el month yellow slips Roll wattles slips e re sent to library with stets: met for was es s North Carolina State Library Processing Center cheek list
Vial& yellow marthsiargaimalphrux1024 gniinisdnur slips
North Carolina State Library Processing Center Isecetved tree Separated foto: kallorders asalmelibraries 1. Direct orders :1 stressed Separated 1/s1 2. Probevad orders' by title 3. Jobber orders North Carolina State Library PreeeeelacAgelr Fl;"1717141 F71;e7igs <
Itisk sod men slips kept istsct
A. Novseset of white slips threw& Centre
'fetal espies of a sloes title White slips mailed tr. consolidated on use slip. Jobber with cover I 111116 Remeleing duplicate whet. ---->--letter givlug yvrabave white slips discarded order emplic slips TO,
S. Savona of plak'sed green slip. through Center
Tiled is oetstaading Welled free set Disconst price meted order filo by; steadies order se Mk and green slips. e. Supplier -7>Ills to match titles Prices on slips nest b. Order seeks ea limits total .went of invoice
green *ad yellow slips 14.Sisk slips placed on Soaks *beaked is. separated libraries cards (yellow renewed). risk end groom slips Cards pet ia books is placed to boa with t age met Auk eet process. cards.Pockets placed ember Si bunks bole' risk slips serve es to beaks. Pleb cad pees shelved in Ubea s his Invoices for slips placed is beeke if Ukuleles' firIllitidg saris net ready SIM 1111ram pa slips for nametbly statement
Gress slip filed )* libraries I Fiala peen slips
89 SOME SPECIAL ASPECTS OFORDERING Scheduling of orders three of the four re- While ordering procedures may beroutinized satis- In the Missouri questionnaire, centrally, required that factorily within the Center, there are somephases of spondents which did not order their orders at a certain time. ordering policies and procedureswhich require care- member libraries place ful scrutiny. Among these special aspects are:(1) The Michigan State Library,for example, synchro- from its member libraries discounts, (2) scheduling of orders,(3) placement of nizes the timing of orders paperbacks, through planning that the sametitles be available for orders and receipt of volumes, including headquarters at the same replacement orders and subscriptionbooks, (4) time review in all the systems lapses in ordering, (5) cancellations,(6) charges for time. ordering by the centers, (7) costs andtime analyses Of the 19 centers which orderedcentrally, eight did of ordering. not require thatbook ordering be done at acertain time. From the 11 whichscheduled the receipt of Discounts orders, the responses sere: One of the advantages frequentlycited for central- We have an order meetingmonthly, to coordinate orders. ized ordering is that a higher discount canbe obtained For certain specified titles. To a certain extent. All orderfrom a monthly current book through consolidation of orders.Because of inade- review sources only. libraries were unable list made up [by the Center] from current quate records some participating Except for special orders, most newbooks are ordered for all to compare theirdiscounts before and after joining a agencies at one time. center though many didindicate that the discount was Prefer 10th and 25th of each month. from publishers and We require that all funds beencumbered at least four months higher after joining. Discounts before the end of the fiscal year (June30). Orders received later dealers vary among the centers asthey vary among in- will be held to the following fiscal year. dividual libraries, for example, theBook Processing Ask 3 days after we study L. J. & Bklst. atmonthly meetings. Center in Florida publicizes itspublisher discounts as Among the restrictions namedwhich affected sched- follows: uling were these: From Discount.. No restrictions as to volume; askonly that orders from each throughout the year. Collier-Macmillan 40%, postpaid member are proportioned evenly They are asked to adhere to a timeschedule for ordering and Doubleday 40%, postpaid are urged to order from currentsources. Houghton Mifflin 38%, postpaid We schedule certain orders atspecific times, as: new adult books, reference and standard titles,juvenile, etc. E. M. Hale (Cadtrns editions)net All orders to be induded inbimonthly orders are due on a University of Florida Press 20% plus postage given date. University of Miami Press 30% if in lots of The permissive pattern ofallowing member libraries tencopies,plus to forward ordersfor single titles as selected con- postage; tributes to an uneven flowof materials through a to a delay in receiv- Center in- center. It contributes even more The California State Library Processing from a. center. The delay dicates in its "Handbook" that thediscount from ing materials fully processed causes particular concernin many centers, some of Baker & Taylor is 35% "on all trade booksand 5, 10, libraries routinely or and 20% on technical books, etc. "16 Another center which inform their member occasionally of the percentageof the budget spent. indicated that its discounts were to beincreased as volume grew and that the current generaldiscount In North Carolina eachlibrary which applies for ranged from 37% to 40% and the discount on texts federal aid to pay a percentageof its processing costs and special publications from 15% to 25%.17 at the State LibraryProcessing Center agrees to: In general, however, centers simply assuretheir Spend approximately 1/4 of itsbook budget each quarter of member libraries that they will receive themaximum the year to maintain an even flowof books through the Center." incen- discount obtainable. If discount alone were the Despite this, the Directorhas found it necessary to ad- would tive for membership, a slightly higher discount vise its members "tobegin your ordering as soon as not seem to justifyparticipation, particularly in those possible and to space yourorders evenly throughout libraries which continuel to maintain anordering the year.19 unit. If discounts are based on book budgetsthen it Center of Oak Park, Illinois, would seem that a discount based on apartial budget The Book Processing in 1965 to each member would be less for an individual memberthan before distributed a status report joining the Center. Thus far no participatingmember library on its account withthe Center. The report has complained of such an increase. gave. the followinginformation:
90
1.1.-4,Mwd.'i a 4 than to the 1. Your current book budget livered directly to the center rather procedure 2. Pledged to spend through Center member library; otherwise the intervening of forwarding the books to the centerimpedes final 75% of line 1. delivery. If the processing is to becompleted in the 3. Six months average of pledge local library as in the New HampshireState Library 50% of line 2. program, the orders maybe centrally placed but the 4. Total billed you by Center books are shipped directly to eachlibrary by the May 1 through October 31, 1965 jobber. In the State Catalog Service ofGeorgia each In August 1965 the Book Processing Centerin library places its own orders and receivesthe books Orlando, Florida, urged its member libraries tofor- since Georgia, like New Hampshire,furnishes the ward their orders to the Center by the 15thof each cataloging only. month and requested further that each memberli- If orders are sent by individual libraries,the selec- brary tion of dealers and publishers is a localresponsibility; Space your orders evenly and order regularly forthe benefit however, for example, the State CatalogService of of your own library and the Center." Georgia includes data on the following sourcesin its The following production chart of the Centerde- "Public Library Order Directions, 1965-1966": picts an uneven monthly volume whichreflects to of single title ordering at Publisher? Special Bindings some extent the aftermath Permabound the will of the member libraries. Whilethe figures Audio-Visual Materials represent an uneven flow, the excellentorganization Records Maps and globes within the Center, which coordinates the movementof Films and filmstrips the staff with the flow at peak times, lessens thedelays which could be caused by some of the pressuresof Individual publishers with whom the State Departmentof single title ordering. See Production Chart. Education has placed orders PRODUCTION CHART, B.P.C. ORLANDO,FLA. MVO * Fiscal 1 Piece& rob._ Mar. May July Aug. Nast. Oat. rear 'Mlle Year Nov. Deo.. 25.0 24.3 3.4.0 196470 3.3.5 13.0 12.5
U.% trouseAgo, 3.1.0 10.5 I 10.0 9.5 IIMMOINNII Alkbdil 9.0X9e166 8.5 , 8.0 111IMIrir1111E,Iir 7.5 7.0 allilliMrl 6.5 .i. .., 6.0 , . .463 5.5Nga: f1111113111/- .^. _ t 1/ 62 5.o -962103--- ., N , 6k NME -"-i \I I, \ 1/2.0 .... / ...., 4.... 3:5 ,/ 3.0 represent atrue figure. Between 2.5 * October 1965 does not for the May and July 1965 the Centerprocessed 3119 books statistics 2.0 State Librar/. These books were added to the 1.5 at the endof the fiscal year instead of the actual /dill output between May and July. 1.012561/6g- volumes Jobbers with whom the State Department ofEducation has Placement of orders and receipt of placed orders Orders may be placed with publishers or dealers by Permabound Paperbacks Prebinders with whom the State Department ofEducation has member libraries or they may send theirorders to the placed orders the routines. If complete proc- Rebinders with whom the State Departmentof Education center which completes has placed orders essing is done by the center, all titlesshould be de- Magazmeta
91 While centers order directly from many publishers, pointment was expressed about delaysand partial the one most frequently cited was Doubleday & Com- filling of orders. A tendency to order directfrom pub- pany which was offering in 1963, for example, a40% lishers has emerged as the centers expandtheir volume discount to the Eastern Shore Book Processing Center of services. in Maryland.22 Paperbacks.There is a difference of opinion as to In some centers both the member libraries and the the acquisition of paperbacks for some centersrefuse center place orders as in the California StateLibrary to purchase them; others purchasewith discretion. Processing Center. The "Handbook" states that: The New Hampshire State Library advises itsmember libraries that "paperbound books costing less than one The library may send orders direct to a publisher. A form letter, which the Processing Center supplies, should be sent with dollar should be ordered directly by the individual the white and yellow copies of orders to the publisher and the library."28 In contrast the Nevada State Libraryin- pink copies of thi orders sent promptly to the Processing Center." cludes the prices for paperbacks and hard covers on Member libraries sometimes participate in the se- some of its lists. The EasternShore Book Processing lection of a dealer as in the California State Library Center in Maryland has no restrictions on paperbacks Processing Center which reported: for which the "discount ranges from 10 to 25%."22 The member libraries voted practically unanimously to retain Among the New York Systems the policies vary. Baker & Taylor as our dealer until the end of this calendar For example, the Westchester Library Systemwill year. The members voted also to use Levinson as dealerfor western publications on a trial basis until the end of this calendar order "all adult titles listed in Kirkus Service except year, at which time the Committee will meet again to determine paperbacks"25 but the Nassau Library System merely if the services have been sufficiently good to continue using them both as dealers." requests that orders for paperbacksinclude the desig- nation "PA" in the binding section of the ordercard. As of 1966 the Center continued to send all orders to York a Baker & Taylor unless otherwise specified on the In the Finger Lakes Library System of New "Paperbound Book Policy" was devised which recog- order form by the member library. The other dealers nized both the advantages and disadvantages oftheir whom they might specify are Levinson and three pre- the opportunities to bind sources: Sapsis, Leibel, and New Method.25 use. The Policy acknowledges acquire out-of-print, duplicate copies of hard covers In Florida the Book Processing Center and its mem- in demand, and original titles not available inliard- bers agreed to use those sources which would give bound editions; it also states that good service as well as a good discount with the follow- ing result: The cost of handling paperbacks, particularly for smallorders of the cheaper reprint editions, is quite out of proportion to Campbell and Hall has been extremely good. Since Baker the savings realized by individual member libraries. and Taylor's offer was not any better than Campbell and Hall, and latter's service and billing methods are so satisfactory, we A "Plan for Central Purchasing" forpaperbound decided to continue to use them as our major source." books was issued by the Finger Lakes System, however, The Texas State Library has been consulting with because some member libraries were buyingthem A. C. McClurg about coordinating their electronic through the System. The .plan permits thepurchase data processing systems. The scheme is envisioned under the following conditions when requests are in Texas thus: presented on the System book order cards: Our purchase order is so printed on our IBM 403 that McClurg Orders for titles at list price of 75 cents or morewill be will be able to go directly into their stock and be able to ship placed with our jobber (or Doubleday). Invoice and payment 80-90 per cent of each order within 24 hours. We are working procedures will be the same as those for clothbound books. on an arrangement to receive IBM cards of every title they have Orders for titles at list price of less than 75 cents willbe in stock; this means that we can tell immediately whether placed with a local, retail vendor of paperbound books atshort McClung has a title in stock. Then we can pull that master discount. However, this will be a cash transaction to be handled card, duplicate it and send the duplicate to McClurg as an as follows: order. A later step will be to transmit our orders over the tele- 1. Member library submits order card. phone lines between our machines." 2. Headquarters prepares covering order for thevendor, with a copy for member library. As in local libraries, individual preferences were 8. System driver presents covering order to memberlibrary strongly expressed for dealers and publishers with for cash payment, in advance, of total net cost. 4. Member library retains copy of covering order asreceipt. whom direct orders were being placed. It would be 5. System driver purchases books from the vendor anddelivers unrealistic to assume, however, that centralized order- to Headquarters for processing. ing has solved library-dealer and library-publisher 6. Cash for non-available titles is returned to memberlibrary by System driver when processed books are delivered." problems which have long existed. Instead, centraliza- tion has added pressures on dealers particularly to This somewhat novel way of serving memberlibraries supply in larger and larger quantity. Since a program typifies the responsibility for service within a Systems designed for simultaneous ordering, presumably, an- structure and might be imitated in partin a center ticipated simultaneous receipt of titles, some disap- of any type.
92 lished and the individual library is billed for eachtitle when Rep!acement orders.Replacements may be ordered processed at the reguar subscription rate of $1.75. Thelibrary as new titles in some centers but inothers a systematic must supply the Center with a multipleorder form for each selection announced for the six months period. Theseorder program has been designed. The latter seems more forms should be sent to the Center as soon as the library efficient, for by regulating the program a center can receives the announcement of the JLG selections for the i,ext lessen somewhat the peaks of pressure. The center six months period. In place of the publisher's nameplease use the abbreviation "JLG" to aid theCenter as identifying would also contribute to a selection program, even this as a subscription order. though no direct guidance was offered, simply by di- Literary Guild and Young Peoples Literary Guild recting attention of member libraries to subject areas. Arrangements may be made to have Literary Guild and Young If the center assists in selection, bibliographies within Peoples Literary Guild subscriptions handled through the the subject areas and/or the Wi4n Standard Cata- Center on the same basis as the Junior Literary Guild. Since these selections are announced at more frequent intervals it logs might be used as guides, or replacement buying is the responsibility of the subscribing library to send in their lists might be prepared inhe center itself. No re- order form for each title as soon as the announcement of the selection is received. This is important since no book can be placement program should be absolutely rigidwhen processed by the Center without an order form attached." service to readersisadversely affected;otherwise synchronized aquisition which expedites the flow Time lapses in ordering of titles through the center seems an advisable pro- cedure. One of the continuing criticisms of the processing The following schedule, or one similar to it,would service from the centers is the delay in rtcciving mate- tend to insure a continuing flow of materials through rials. Few centers seem to have compiled data on the the center without undue pressure on member li- time it takes to route orders from the center and the braries since replacement is an acknowledged facet of time which elapses before the books are received in book selection responsibility. The subject areais the center. The lapse is obviously longer in the re- divided according to the Dewey Decimal Classification .ceipt than in the actual ordering since many centers specify that orders will be forwarded to dealers and Classes: publishers on semi-weekly, weekly or monthly sched- Month for ules. Some representative frequenees of ordering are Subject area replacement study these: (1) .The North Carolina State Library Process- 100 July ing Center sends all orders to a jobber at least twice 000 and 400 August a week; (2) The Northern Colorado Processing Cen- 200 September ter sends orders to "appropriate supply houses once a 700 October week or more often if necessary";85 (3) The Finger 800 November Lakes System, New York, forwards "orders to the 600 December vendor or vendors on or about the 10th of each Fiction January month."88 Speedy and personalized service is offered Fiction February by the California State Library Processing Center 500 March which, in addition to its weekly ordering, promises 900 and biography April that: 900 and biography May If a library needs a book in a hurry, the order can be marked 300 June88 'RUSH' and the Processing Center will telephone Levinson's Book Store [in Sacramento] and rush the book to the library." Subscription books.Many centers assume respon- sibility for the processing of subscription books, par- The Pioneer Library System, through the personal ticularly book club selections. Both the California interest of Harold Hacker, Director, Rochester Public State Library Processing Center and the Eastern Library, New York, has been making spot checks of Shore Book Processing Center in Maryland give direc- vendors' delivery service for several years. In a study tions to their member libraries about their ordering. made during 1960 and 1961 it was found that the The following directions appear in the "Manual" of "average number of days required to deliver multiple the latter: copies to RPL" from three sources ranged from 31 to 8.7 days as the following table indicates: Junior Literary Guild Subscriptions The Center will handle books received on Junior Literary Guild subscription on the following basis. The library should Multiple Average no. of days notify the Center that their subscription is to be shipped to Vendor Date of studycopiesto deliver per book the Center. The library mu-A also notify Doubleday that the Baker & TaylorOctober 1961 690 13.2 subscription is to be handled in this manner. Transfers should September1960 1476 23.9 be made at the beginning of the six months subscription period Bookazine May 1961 1092 8.7 of October-March or April-September. Under the Center's Rochester NewsMay 1961 155 31.0 agreement with Doubleday all selection!: are shipped as pub- September1960 1004 25.4 The delivery service from Baker ft:, Taylor and Book- Two of those answering "yes," added "whentime azine were cited as being the "best yet recorded"by permits" and "if asked by member libraries." the Rochester Public Library.38 A later studymade by Directions should be clearly stated both as to the the Rochester Public Library in 1966 gives a morede- cancellation agreement and as to the procedures to be tailed study of the delivery service record fromBaker followed, for confusion can result when both the & Taylor, Bookazine, and Doubleday. The table, to center and the member library are notinformed of which averages for the years 1961-62, 1963, and 1965 action. Among the libraries with a cancellationpolicy are appended, follows: is the Book Processing Center of Florida which has
ServiceRecords of Book Vendors Spot Studies January 26, 1960 BAKER it TAYLOR COMPANY BOOKAZINE COMPANY DOUBLEDAY COMPANY Total Total Total #Days Volumes Days #Days Volumes Days #Days Volumes Days 15 308 4620 13 457 5941 19 118 2242 19 25 475 19 79 1501 20 83 1660 28 28 784 37 24 888 37 141 5217 47 119 5593 201 3902
502 11096 679 13923 * Average days perbook * Average days per book- * Average days per book- 22.1 20.5 19.4 Cumula- Cumula- Cumula- % Delivered live Unit tive Unit tive Unit Within % 10 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 11-22 66.3 66.3 78.9 78.9 100.0 100.0 23-30 71.9 5.6 78.9 0 Over 30 100.0 28.1 100.0 21.1 * 1965 Average 16.2 * 1965 Average 18.7 * 1965 Average 17.6 1963 Average 16.1 1963 Average 15.5 1963 Average 18.0 1961.62 Average16.8 1961-62 Average 10.1
Is the time lapse longer than when each library or- "an automatic 60-day cancellation agreementwith all dered its own? Inadequate data prevent a comparison publishers and jobbers except for books withspecial though some participating libraries felt that they bindings," for which the agreement is extended to could secure some titles more quickly through local 120 days." The Center also gives directions on can- sources. Among the views expressedby member li- cellation procedures as the following indicates: braries were these: Cancellations are usually sent to the Center and willbe in We sometimes got the book quicker but we didn't necessarily turn sent to the libraries. In event they are sentdirectly to each get it ready any more quickly. library, or appear on the invoices which for some reason or Faster service, especially when acquiring additional copies. other were not sent to the Center and the books were checked Slowformerly we circulated an uncataloged book when it in on the packing slip, please notify the. Center. The Center was needed; now we don't receive them until book is processed. must receive this information so that the order cards canbe withdrawn from the Orders Outstanding file and notedfor statistics." Cancellations While the need for definite procedures for cancel- The Pioneer Library System New York, has re- lation of unfilled orders was recognized, some centers quested that member libraries follow up on book felt that they were not fulfilling the responsibility orders not received by maintaining effective records adequately. The responses to the Missouri question- and has suggested that: naire indicated that about half of the 23 centers did have follow-ups: as a general rule, member libraries considercancelling adult and young adult book orders when outstanding for six months Do follow-up 10 and not essential to book collection and do the same for out- standing children's titles at the ninth month stage. Send in your Do not follow-up 9 outstanding order card marked in distinctive color: PLEASE Return to ordering library...... CANCEL. We had considered automatic cancellation byRPL probably are quite Very little; would like to do more I at these stages but rejected it because there a few libraries that may wish to receivetitles reprinted by the No response publishers after these deadlines."
94 Centralized Processing for thePublic Libraries of New The "Follow-up Procedure"further advises the checks of order York State.48 No detailedtime studies are available member libraries to make monthly Cooperative Library System, file records and make requests for reports ona special though the Black Gold California, has estimated that"coordination of order order form for: slips to be included in bookcatalog" takes two min- a. Books received by RPL30 days before claim. Notedate utes." received at RPL and other requestedinformation on claim form card. The following question onthe Missouri question- b. Trade books not received by RPL,but ordered by town naire was designed to gather costand time data for library 60 days before claim. various phases of processingincluding ordering: c. Prebound and P-Kchildren's books not received byRPL, but ordered by town library 90days before claim. 42. Can you estimate the average costand time per volume for each .phase of your processes,that is, cost and time As of September 1965 theWestchester Library Sys- for ordering; ... tem, New York, wasplanning a six months automatic since only one library designing a plan whereby The responses were inadequate cancellation period and was attempted to give specific costsand the centers not the order date was to be placed oneach order card." engaged in centralized orderingmade no distinction. Five rebponded yes but twooffered no supporting Charges for ordering by the centers evidence; 13 reported no estimatesand three ignored Charges for ordering, if any aremade other than for the question. Some comments were the discounted cost of each volume, areusually in- Few specific Now working on such a timeand cost study. cluded in the total processing charge. other services to mem- references are made to charges. Amongthem is that Very difficult as we perform of the Ohio State Library, which,though not offering bers. orders may No cost-time break-down available. centralized order services, has agreed that early to make be placed by the State Library with itsjobbers for a Operation began January 1964. Too charge of 2% of the net invoice if themember li- estimates of costs and time brary so desires.45 The contract of the Public Library ServiceCenter OBSERVATIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS of Southwest Wisconsin with its memberlibraries Centralized ordering programs have neverreally states that each library "shall pay tothe Center a been completely centralized.Actions taken both by service charge not less than 100 per volumeordered." the centers and the memberlibraries divide the re- An original idea proposed by the director of one sponsibility and thereby duplicateprocedures. Orders center, but not yetimplemented, was that a flat dis- from member libraries mayduplicate orders made count rate be given and thatflat charge be made for by the centers for othermembers; the exclusion of total processing. A fiat discount rate would,in es- certain types of materials by the centersin their sence, be a service chargefor ordering. ordering fosters the existence ofindividual ordering still used by many, The Oak Park Processing Center, Illinois, has in- units. The book percentage quota, sometimes beyond cluded in its contract a punitive charge of $.10 per stimulates individualized buying functions of a center. book for orders of deadline books placed after the the quota and minimizes the designated date "at the option of the Center in the Existing centers and thoseanticipating the creation of event additional expense in [i.e. is]incurred by the new processing centersmight well review the intent Center." The charge, not yet imposed, was designed and scope of ordering services. be con- to encourage simultaneousordering and to avoid Among the alternative recommendations to single copy cost. sidered are these: 1. Develop a completelycentralized ordering pro- placement of orders, receipt, Costs and time studies gram to encompass all materials. Cost studies for ordering alone are not readily and physical preparation of which requires available. Of the processing costs studies cited earlier, 2. Develop an ordering program furnished by each mem- the cost for purchasing and receiving in the Monterey that order data only be and center COunty Library was placed at $.2408.4° The other ber library for cataloging purposes receipt, and studies, such as those made for the Crawfordsville Pur- information. De-centralize ordering, chasing and Processing Center,47 were not detailed physical preparation of material& enough to indicate ordering costs. In New York the 3. Develop a centralizedordering program; de- cost of acquiring a title ranged from $.221 to$.859 centralize receipt andphysical, preparation of in fourteen of the Systems, according to the data in materials.
.611.7ceorigtz7 -4- ordering 19. North Carolina State Library Processing Center,"Memo- 4. Develop a semi-complete centralized randum 21, August 31, 1962." program with clecirlydefined scope in the pat- 20. Book Processing Center, Orlando,Florida, "Ordering the. Book 3. Policies and Directions for Ordering Books through tern of alternatives 1, 2, or Processing Center, August 1964," p. 5. While there is some evidence thatthe more nearly 21. Georgia State Department of Education,Public Library have satisfied Order Directions, i965-1966 (Atlanta, Ga.:1965), pp. 8.14. complete centralized ordering programs 22. Eastern Shore Book Processing Center, Manualof instruc -. their participant& this Study endorses thesecond lions and Procedures, rev., Sept. 1, 1963 (Salisbury, Md.:1963) p. 6. alternative. 23. California State Library Processing Center,Handbook, For each alternative, the following recommenda- rev., Feb. 1964 (Sacramento:1964), p. 3. tions, when appropriate, are offered: 24. California State Library Processing Center, "Outcomeof Voting on Book Dealer Evaluation Committee'sRecommenda- 1. Urge maximum use of centralized ordering ser- tions (7-11-63)." Technical vice& 25. Letter from A. T. Birrell, Principal Librarian, Services, California State Library, June 3, 1f4.6& 2. Accept orders for all types of materials. 26. Book Processing Center, Orlando,Florida, "Ordering 3. Encourage single title ordering. Policies and Directions for Ordering Books through theBook Processing Center, August 1965," p. 4. 4. Prepare book buying lists with deadline dates 27. Letter from John 11, Corbin, Director, TechnicalServices and with a scheduled program of review of buy- Division, Texas State Library, October 14, 1965. 28. New Hampshire State Library, "Ilanual for Centralized ing lists at designated period& Purchasing" (1965), p. 5. 5. Schedule a replacement program within the 29. Eastern Shore Book Processing Center, Manual of Instruc- structure of the classification systemused. tions and. Procedures, rev., Sept. 1, 1963 (Salisbury, Md.: 1963), P. 7. 6. Abolish the percentage quota. 30. Westchester Library System, Technical Services, New York, op. cit. 31. Finger Lakes Library System, New York, "Paperbound FOOTNOTES Books Policy, February 7, 1962," p. 1, I. Nioga Library System, New York, "An Agreement Between 32. Finger Lakes-41,-tary System, New York, "Paperbound Nioga Library System and Niagara University for Ordering, Books Pollry, January 30, 1962." Cataloging and Processing Library Materials," June 14, 1965, p. 1. 33. Hardkopf, Jewel. C., "Replacement Ordering" [Draft ad- 2. "Northern Colorado Processing Center," [A Report prepared dressed to Member Libraries of the Kentucky State Library by Luella Kinnison) (1962), p. 2. (Mimeographed.) Processing Center) April 17, 1964. & North Carolina State Library Processing Center, "Memo- 34. Eastern Shore Book Processing Center, Manua/ of Instruc- randum 7, June 22,1960., tions and Procedures, rev, Sept. 1, 1963 (Salisbury,. Md.: 1963), 4. Eastern Shore Book Processing Center, Manua/ of Instruc- p. & tions and Procedures, rev., Sept. 1, 1963 (Salisbury, Md.: 1963), 35. "Northern Colorado Processing Center," [A Report pre- P. 7. pared by Luella Kinnisonl (1962), p. & (Mimeographed) 5. Letter from Miss Ruth A. Weber, Suffolk Cooperative. Li- 36. Finger Lakes Library System, New York, "Plan for Central brary System, New York, to Directors, March 2, 1966, p. 3. Purchasing of Books, revised, Tidy 1, 1961." 6, North Carolina State Library Processing Center, "Develop- 37. California State Library Processing Center, Handbook, ment and Procedures, January 1, 1960-June 30, 1961" (Raleigh, rev., Feb. 1964 (Sacramento: 1964), p. 3. N. C.:1961), variously paged. 3& Pioneer Library System, New York; "Memorandum *1-G. 7. Wyoming State Library, "Second Quarterly Report, October, December 1961," p. 3. November, December 1965," p. 2. 39. Table included through the courtesy of Mr. Harold 8. California State Library Processing Center, "Procedure Hacker, Director, Rochester, New York, Public Library. Change, November 9, 1962: 40. Book Processing Center, Orlando, Florida,'Ordering 9. Northern Colorado Processing Center, "Rush Orders" (Sept. Policies and Directions for Ordering Books through the Book 1965.) Processing Center, August, 1965," p. 1. l& McFerran, "Book Selection on Wheels," loc. cit.Funds 41. Ibid, p.4. have been requested for continuation of the prtject. 42. Pioneer Library System, New York, "Memorandum #1 -C, IL Ibid., p. 210. December 1961," p. 4, 12. Pioneer Library System, New York, "Centralized Book 43. Ibid., "Appendix B," p. 2. Processing Statistics." (1965?) 44. Westchester Library System, Technic.al Services, New York, l& Letter from Mrs. Margaret K. Troke, Director of Library "Ordering Memorandum: 5, September 1965." Services, Stockton-San Joaquin County Public Library, Cvlifornia, 45. Letter from Ruth Hess, Acting State Librarian, Ohio State December 16, 1965. Library, August 30, 1965: 14. Letter from James A. Leathers, Director of Libraries, Mid- 46. Monterey County, California, "Supplemental Report to Continent Public Library Service, Independence, Missouri, April Performance Standards Study, Monterey County Library Head- 12, 1966. quarters, October 1963, Annex A.' 15. Book Processing Center, Orlando, Florida, "Ordering 47. Grier, Donald F., "Cost Analysis of Book Purchasing and Policies and Directions for Ordering Books through the Book frocessing Center, Crawfordsville Public Library" [A Report to Processing Center, August 1965," p. 4. the Crawfordsville, Indiana, Public Library Board), February 24 16. California State Library Processing Center, Handbook, 1965. rev., Feb. 1964 (Sacramento:1964), p. 3. 48. New York State Library, Centralized Processing for the 17. Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center, Indiana, Public Libraries of New York State, "Appendix A, Table A-10," "Specifications" (1965?), p. I. p. 8. The costs in ascending order were: $.221, .230, .238, .256, l& North Carolina State Library Processing Center, "Applica- .262, .264, .279, .320, .376, .412, .500, .667, .778, .859. tion for Federal Aid, 1959-1960.' 49. Response to question 42, Missouri questionnaire. PINOCHIO entered under Collodi notLorenzini. CHAPTERXIII. For modern authors writing under one or morepow donyms, the name on the title page, pseudonym orreal, CATALOGING is to be used as the main entry, providedthatthe title WITHIN THE CENTER: in question has not previously appearedunder another AND CLASSIFICATIONPOLICIES of the names used by the author.Example:Both AND PROCEDURES Fair, A. A. and Gardner, Earl Stanley maybe used, but not for the same title. issued by processing 2. For works of criticism, biography,and autobiography, a Manuals and/or memoranda the subject decisions. person's real name will usually be used for centers reveal amedley of variations in card and Cutter designation. For anautobiography, the From a study of them it canreadily be concluded that same' name will be used for themain entry as is used while processing centers,through their own policies for the subject card. Examples:Autobiography of Mark and procedures, have attempted toescalate patterns Twain entered and cuttered underClemens. Exceptions of standardization, they have not amongthemselves will usuallybebased on LC practice, e.g. abiography of George Eliot, pseud. has the subjectcard and cutters attained standardization. . representative de under Eliot, George, pseud. The following extractsl illustrate Processing Center (2)subject From Texas: State Library Centralized cisions_ for:(1)descriptive cataloging, Entries used by the Library of Congressin the NUC, PW, cataloging, (3)classification, (4) Cutter numbers. ABPR, or the proofsheets, or entriesestablished using the ALA rules for entry will be used. . .. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING Datesofbirth and death are to be omittedfrom the catalog cards with two exceptions: Author and/or main entry 1. For distinguishing between twoauthors with the same The variations in entry relate to useof name as it name. appeari on the title page, to use of rules, or to accep- 2. For rulers and presidents ofthe United States. from the author tance of authoritative sources.Among the decisions Titles such as 'captain; 'sir; etc., are omitted `St.; 'Saint,' and 'Bishop' are used. are these: entry. Name cross references.Name crossreferences are From California: State Library Processing Center libraries when catalog Author entries for nonfiction will be madeaccording to the generally furnished to member ALA rules.Fiction, however, will be entered under the cards are distributed. Among thedifferent policies author's pseudonym, if he should use one,with acress for book and card catalogs are these: reference from his real name. From California: Black Gold CooperativeLibrary System Proc- From California: Stockton-San Joaquin CountyPublic Library The Library of Congress cataloging shall be accepted asis essing Center No author cross references will be usedin the book catalog. available on proofsheets or as is printed in the catalogsissued be made forpseudonyms and varying by the Library of COngress with the followingexceptions: Duplicate entries will forms of the anther's name, as well as co-author, etc. Author Entry Compound names will appear in book catalogs asif a joint A.Conflicts with name already established author. When LC entryconflictswith our entry ...then we accept LC and make 'see also' referencesboth ways. (EX- From California: State Library ProcessingCenter CEPTION: Use 'Tchaikovsky' spelling instead of'Chai- Name (personal or corporate) x-ref. cards are sentwith catalog x-ref. is sent also ke spelling recommended by LC). cards to members who ordered title. The to all, other members at thetime of the FIRST order by B.Fiction the titleat Accept LC entry as given on proof sliporLCAC. ANY member. Libraries which had not ordered In original cataloging of fiction, check name inofficial au- the time of the first order can file the x-ref.card by the name Color file only. If name is not found there, then usetitle referred io and hold until they have an entryin their catalog page entry. for that name. C.Definitely incorrect From North Carolina:State Library Processing Center When LC proofsheet gives the wrong name asauthor or Following a decision made by member librariesthat the au- misspells name. thor's name should be used as it appears onthe title page and From Colorado: Northern Colorado ProcessingCenter that the Center should provide "see also"referencesfrom all Title page entry except for single name pseudonyms. well-known names which had been previouslyreferred from, the From Indiana: Crawfordsville Purchasing andProcessing Center Center complied. 'On July 11, 1961, thefollowing directions were Author entriesaccording to title page. issued: From New York: Finger Lakes Library System The inventory has been accomplishedand the printing of the cards is underway; however, assemblingthem requires both Pseudonyms will be sent to you 1. All editions of thesame titleby an author will be staff time and space. Therefore, the cards entered under only one form of the name. as they are printed andassembled, instead of when the entire completed. All cards Classic or well known works written under a pseudonym job of printing and assembling has been are 'entered under the pseudonymif this is the name are being arranged alphabeticallyby the pseudonym forni of under which the particular work is best known. Example: the author's name followed by theverified *name form.
97
, placing these cards in your catalog, you may wish to use Added entries are made for joint authors, editop, andR illus- the following procedure: trators. Cards are made for series only if it is an important 1. Compare cards for each author with your catalog.If scholarly series. No publisher series are used. this name is not represented in your file as a "see" ref- From Illinois: Book Processing Center, Oak Park erence, file the card in a separate place forpossible 1. The Library of Congress Rules for Descriptive Cataloging future use. . . .will be followed as basic authorities except in certain 2. If you find that a "see" reference for this name is in areas where adaptations appear practical. your catalog, replace the "see' reference with a "seealso" 2. If Library of Congress cards or proof sheets or Wilson cards card. are not available, the imprint will include: (a) Place of publication for both fiction and nonfiction. Example: The name of the state will be used only if there are Present card in catalog two &lei of the same name. Albrand, Martha, pseud. (b) Shortened form of publisher's name. See (c)Latest copyright date only if given. If the copyrigi Loewenprd, Heidi Huberta (Freybe) date is not given, any other date available will be used. Replace with this card 3. If library of Congress cards or proof sheets or 'Wilson rards Albrand, Martha, pseud, are not available, collation will indude: Seealso. (a) Pagination for both fiction and nonfiction. Loewengard, Heidi Huberta (Freybe) (b) Illustrations and series note to be made at the discretion 3. File the second "see also" card following the entriesfor of the head cataloger for nonfiction. the verified form of the author's name. (c) Bibliographical note for adult and young adult non - fiction. Exatnple: Loewengard, Heidi Huberta (Freybe) Continuations See also Among the centers which catalog continuations Albrand, Martha (serials, works in progress) are the California State Descriptive cataloging data Library Processing Center, the Book Processing Center Explanations for transcription of descriptive data in Florida, and, in New York, the Nassau Library vary considerably from thedetail in the Manual of System and the Westchester Library System. Their the Texas State Library Centralized ProcessingCenter variations follow: to the rather terse statements of the"Cataloging Prac- From California: State Library Processing Center tices" of the Northern Colorado Processing Center. It has been Processing Center Policy to provide an initial card Specific examples follow: set for an open entry whenever a library receives a volume of that title for the first time (i.e., whenever library receives Monographs title for the first time, regardless of what volume it is).It has been (and shall continue to be) the responsibility of the From Colorado: Northern Colorado Processing Center library to keep the open entry up to date as regards listing Body of card of contents or indication of library's holdings. Title Complete Author Use where there is more than one author or statementwhere there is a variation of the form of the From Florida: Book Processing Center, Orlando name appearing on the title page Sample Card Illus When given Edition When given Impriint Brief name of publisher Example; Houghton-MifflinHoughton 018 Eliminate place of publication Boo Bookman's price index. v. 1- Detroit, Gale Research Co. (1964- Use most recent copyright data (Brackets are v. annual. used at no point in descriptive cataloging) Collation Last Arabic numbered page Cover title, v. 1- BPI. Illus, maps, photos, etc. used as cataloger Editor: v. 1- D.P. McGrath. deems necessary 1 Books - Prices - Periodicals2 Periodicals - Size of the book is eliminated Prices - Periodicals3 Catalogs, Booksellers' - Series note Indexes I Mc Grath, Daniel F. ,ed. Notes Notes are used to bring out additional in- it Gale Research Company M Title: formation when necessary. Examples: Biog- BPI raphy of author, bibliography, title of earlier O edition Annotations _Annotations are used when they appear in cataloging sources Each member library is responsible for preparing andmain- Tracings Tracings appear at the bottom of the catalog taining its holdings records for open entry titles. card
9S From New York: Suffolk Cooperative Library System Main entry card Sample Cards Directions to member libraries: Catalog cards for serials will only be sent when the library first orders a copy.
629. Jane's all the world's aircraft.(180- issue; A record of the volumes in the library is usually kept on the main entry card. The words "Library has:" are typed in or 133 1909- London, 1909 - written in ink; volume(s) available in the library are written Ja in pencil. Penel is used so that old volume number can be v.illus. , ports.maps, diagrs.33 cm. erased when new volume is received. Note on catalog card Title varies: All the world's airships; A.1 the reads somewhat as follows: world's aircraft; 1930- Jane's all the world's Library has: V. 1-10, 12 aircraft. All other cards of the set. are stamped "FOR HOLDINGS Editors: 1909-14, F. T. Jane. --1916-40, C. G. SEE MAIN ENTRY CARD." This avoids keeping a record Grey. --1941-59, L. Bridgman. --1960- J. W. R. of the holdings on all the cards. The shelflist card should Taylor. show as usual the volume number and the accession number 0(Continued on next card) if an accession number is used. When library orders a second volume of the same serial such as the "Best Plays" no catalog cards will be sent. Form *13 will be inserted in book pocket.... Libraries then should add volume to the main entry card.
issue; 629.Jane's all the world's aircraft. Usti- Serial cards sent previously under: 133 1909- (Card 2) Ja Distributed in the U. S. by McGraw-Hill. New York. Please add this volume to those cards.
1. Aeronautics Yettrbooks.2. Air- ships -- Yearbooks.3. Guided missilesYearbooks.I. Jane, Frederick Thomas.865-1916, ed.H. Taylor, John William Ransom, ed. 0 WLS - Tech
A holdings card accompanies a set of catalog cards. Each mem- TS 13 2006/64 0 ber library maintains its own record of holdings. Form *13 629. Jane's all the world's aircraft (i ad- In Progress Works 133 1909- (Card 3) Ja IN PROGRESS
942 Bryant, Sir Arthur, 1899- B The Allaatic saga.GardenCity, N.Y., Double- day /c1962- v. 25cm. First published in Englandin 1953 under title: The story of England.
FC2 TITLES OF INDIVIDUAL VOLUMES AND LIBRARY HOLDINGS SEE FOLLOWING CARDS l.Gt. Brit. - Hist. I.Title(s). Full name: Sir Arthur Wynne From New York: Westchester Library System L) Morgan Bryant. OPEN Emir-Sinus's AND IN Pam= Wow Serials Main entry card
'1111111
ii 942 Bryant, Sir Arthur, 1899- 916 The South American handbook; a year book and B The Atlantic saga.Garden City, N.Y., Double- 3 guide to the countries and resources of South day 01962- and Central America, Mexico, and Cuba. /1st/- v. 25cm. annual ed.; 1924- London, Trade and Travel Publications. Contents.- v.1. Milkers of England. v.2. The v.illus. 19cm. age of chivalry.
Subtitle and editor vary.
1.Spanish America - Yearbooks. from the Library of Con- Contents card proof and/or printed cards gress and fromThe H. W. Wilson Companyand in Directions to member libraries: American Book Publish- As new volumes are added, a new'contents' card listing all printed sources such as the published volumes and anadditional title card will be sup- ing Record, Publishers' Weekly,and the National plied. Union Catalog. Some centers acceptthe headings Form *16 will be includedwith the card(s). change, or add to the Libraries should file new'contents' card and new titleand without change; some delete, remove old'contents' card. headings suggested. Within the centersthe latest editions of either the Library ofCongress Subject Please file attached cardsand remove old cards. We Headings or the Sears List of SubjectHeadings are !dal continue to use this formfor future'issues. used. Some centers note the use of bothlists. Th progress From California: Black Gold CooperativeLibraty System Proc- essing Center Serial Subject headings will be used as LC hassupplied them. If CorreCtion vroug cards sentpreviously any must be assigned, tte latestedition of Library of Congress Subject headings will be used. WLS - Tech From California: Stockton-San Joaquin CountyPublic Library The Library of Congress cataloging shall beaccepted as is available on proobheets or as is printed in the catalogsissued by the Library of Congress with the followingexceptions: T$ 16 Rev. IV.Subject Headings A.Delete tertiary subdivisions for Juvenilecatalog Form #16 Exceptions: U. S.History B. Supply subject headings fornon-fiction when none Continuations in the book catalog is indicated been made by the C. Add subject headings only for specificsubjects or The following decisions have to clarify obscure heading% System for continu- Black Gold Cooperative Library D. Delete generic entries as ations in its Book Catalog: Poetry for collections 1. Continuations will be indicatedby open entry, including Fairy tales for collections collation closely frequency statement if available. Review categories to be sure items applicableonly to one volume are left out. Instead make general reference cards for Add note: of materials as 'For library holdings consult theReference librarian. Swedish essays 2. Publications frequently revised are tobe treated as con- See also books shelved in section 839.74 tinuations:e.g. ARCO CAREERBOOKS and TRAVEL Fairy tales GUIDES Revised every 2nd or 3rd year. See also books shelved in section 398. 3. General encyclopedias are to behandled as if they were continuations. From Colorado: Northern Colorado Processing Center 4. Classic fiction titles are to be treated as open entry,showing The SEARS LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS is usedfor adult only author and title, followed by note: material except on occasion when the Sears headingis not 'For library holdings consult the Referencelibrarian.' adequate. Library of Congress headings supplement the.Sears. from This included such authors as Dickens,Thackerey and Scott Juvenile subject headings are taken for two libraries in the adult field and suchtitles as Little Women, Rue's SUBJECT INDEX TO CHILDREN'SLITERATURE. Robinson Crusoe and Alice in Wonderland inthe juvenile From Illinois: Book Processing Center, Oak Park field. .. The dictionary catalogs of the Library of Congress,latest edi- 1. Special case: Large type editions of fiction classicswill Headings will the tion and supplements, and Sears List of Subject continue to be cataloged individually and assigned be used as authority for subject headings. Changeswill be subject "Large print editions." made at the discretion of the head cataloger. By broadening the definition of acontinuation, From the "Juvenile Code": the Library System has lessened repetitiveentries but The main sources for subject headings will be SearsList of Subject Headings, Children's Catalog and SubjectHeadings has minimized the inter-library loan value,especially for Children's Materials by Eloise Rue andEffie Laplante. in the area of classic fictiOn wherein often the editor When necessary and practicable, the dictionary catalogsof the Library of Congress, latest edition and supplements,will also and the translator may be of almost equal importance. be used as authortiy for subject headings. Changeswill be With the book catalog as with the card catalog the made at the discretion of the head cataloger. member. library generally can be expected to assume Subject headings will be made for Juvenile fiction andEasy the responsibility of maintaining its own record of books at the discretion of the cataloger. From Maryland: Eastern Shore Book Processing. Center holdings of continuation's Subject Headings, Used in the Dictionary Catalogs ofthe Li- brary of Congress, 6th ed., will be used for all adult and young adult books, making possible the utilization of the subject SUBJECT CATALOGING headings on the proof sheets.However, the headings may occasionally be modified to better suit common usage. All centers rely heavily on the subject cataloging Sear's List of Subject Headings, 8th ed. by Bertha M. Frick is represented by the subject headings appearing on used in assigning subject headings to juvenile books,
100 From Michigan: Wayne County Library System Dewey Decimal Classification Subject headings are Library of Congressstandard and are The Dewey Decimal Classificationis more widely flagged on the catalog card with the notessaying 'Related books in catalog under.' used for public libraries than theLibrary of Congress From Texas: State Library CentralizedProcessing Center Classification. There is some evidence,however, that Library of Congress subject headings will beused by the the policies of the centersreflect continuing com- Center. Occasionally a subject heading willbe modified if it rather than a fresh is thought that an LC heading will beimpractical. promise among member libraries No subject headings will be assigned tobooks of fiction or appraisal of the latest edition of theDecimal Classifi- easy books. No dates of birth ordeath will be used on any cation and a deliberate abandonmentof localized added entry cards. adaptations and misuse of numbers.There is also Decimal Subject cross references some evidence thatthe subject analyses of the Classification Office, Library of Congress, arenot in Subject see cross references are sent tomember li- Center, Oak Park, accord with the pragmatic needsof the centers' mem- braries by the Book Processing th4 centers and Illinois, and the Pioneer LibrarySystem, New York. bership. The following decisions from either see or see also some examples of DDCnumbers which have appeared Few centers, however, furnish the publication of Edition 17illus- references to their member libraries.Among the direc- on LC cards since tives sent to member libraries arethese: trate the variant views. Library System Proc- From California: Black Gold CooperativeLibrary System Proc- From California: Black Gold Cooperative essing Center essing Center supplied by the No subject cross references will be usedin the book catalog. Dewey classification numbers will be used as used in the Dictionary Library of Congress.If classification number must be as- Patrons must consult Subject Headings Decimal Classification Catalog of the Library of Congress. signed, the latest edition of the Dewey will be used. EXCEPTIONS: From California: State Library Processing Center I. Numbers for individual biography willbe shortened to Although cross references will be madefor main entries, they 92. LC will be followed when theyclass in the subject, will not be made for subject headings. If a copyof the LC e.g.: 780.92. 796 357. list is kept at hand for reference in themember library, the card catalog will be 2. Expansion after the decimalpoint will be limited to 4 lack of subject cross references in the places in most cases. Longer numberswill be cut back no obstacle, as the printedlist has far more references than to a total of 8, unlit= this placesthe book with a dif- could be provided on cards anyway. aferent subject, in which case, 9 may beused, or leaves From Florida: Book Processing Center, Orlando a zero or a meaninglessportion of a standard subdivision number is cut down until Thu Center will make 'see' references for allpersonal names at the end, in which case the Also institutional meaningful. when necessary, whether author or subject. 3. The number 372 is used only forthe art or practice of cross references are made. Allsubject heading crass references teaching. Readers are reclassified to fitwith subject mat- have to be made by the libraries. ter, e.g., Jennings, Jerry E. TheSouth. LC assigned a reader number, 372.891; we reclassed as917.5. From Illinois: Rook Processing Center, Oak park 4. When LC supplies two differentnumbers, we use the lee' references will be made and furnished bythe Center. one distinguished by anasterisk, which is the later one. 'See also' references will be made by theindividual library at 5. In rare cases LC classifieshistorical or biographical its discretion. works even though the subject headingindicates "Fic- tion. We will follow this procedure. From Maryland: Eastern Shore Book Processing Center Cross references are made by the Center onlywhen a change BIOGRAPHYCLASSIFICATION it made in an already-existing LC subjectheading. The indi- Class numbers for individual biography will beshortened to 92. LC will be followed when theyclass in the subject, e.g.: vidual library will be expected to make other necessary cross will be classed in 920's references to adapt to their local card catalog needs. 780.92, 796.357. Collective biography according to LC, with the appropriatesubdivision, e.g.: Presi- From New York: Finger Lakes Library System dents U. S. 92.127. through Cross reference cards for subjects will not be supplied From Colorado: Northern ColoradoProcessing Center central processing. Member libraries should preparethese as The Dewey decimal system of classificationis used exclusively. required for their respective catalogs. As a general rule, the length of numberis limited to three digits past the decimal. Some numberssuch as aeronautics must be several digits beyond thedecimal to accurately clas- CLASSIFICATION sify the material. The classificationnumbers indicated in Publishers' Weekly and Book Publishers'Record [sic) are ac- Both the Dewey Decimal Classificationand the cepted with few changes. Library of Congress Classification are usedin cen- tralized processing programs. For example, theBuffalo Some special decisions .. Period divisions in literature Not used and Erie County System, New York,supplies only 920 Collective biography Library of Congress Classification numbers toits B or JB Individual biography members. In some centers it may be used by special Colorado History Carry out the classification number to exact description. agreement as that between theOhio State Library and Example: Lit Carson County the Dayton Branch of Ohio StateUniversity and 978.891 Miami University. Fiction No classification 101 of an individual country as recently recommendedin the From Florida: Book Processing Center, Orlando Decimal Classification Additions, Notes and Decisions. Latest edition Dewey will be used, limited tothree digits be- yond the decimal point, if feasible. From Michigan: Wayne County Library System From Illinois: Book Processing Center, Oak Park Classification numbers used are the Dewey numbersassigned From 000-999 to 900-999 the classificationof the ten divisions by Library of Congress but shortened where practical to two will follow the 16th edition of Dewey. Digits inthe classi- places beyond the decimal. 'Fiction' is printed in placeof fication number will be limited to three ifpossible. Addi- the classification number for fictiontitles, and 'Biography' tional digits may be added when needed at the discretionof .. onindividual biography. Collective biography bears the the head cataloger. normal classification number. Extracts from the "General Code," issued January 1965: From New York: Finger Lakes Library System ..) 371.425 Vocations and careers (not broken down . Fiction will not have a class number in any collection. 394.26Holidays and special days. A letter will be used Non-fiction in all categories except 'E Easy and '11' Biography after the holiday, cuttered by the first three let- will be assigned a subject classification number in accordance ters of author's surname. with the Unabridged Dewey Decimal System, modified bythe Example: elimination of digits 4 places beyond the decimal point wher- 394.26c (Christmas) ever practicable. BRA Note: A variation from the Dewey system will be the use 621.381 Lasers of history numbers for travel books. Herbaceous plants in landscaping 716 From Texas: State Library Centralized Processing Center From Maryland: Eastern Shore Book Processing Center The classification scheme used in the Center will be the latest The 16th edition of Dewey Decimal Classification is used as unabridged edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification. No the standard for all adult and young adult titles.Additions number will be carried out more than four places past the or corrections to the 16th edition as announcedin Decimal decimal point, with few being carried out more than two Classification Additions, Notes and Decisions issued by the places past the decimal. Dewey numbers recommended in the Classification Office, Library of Congress are usually followed. proofsheets, NUC, PW, etc., will be used as much as possible. Libraries not receiving the above publications may refer to Form Divisions for classification numbers are used sparingly; Wilson Library Bulletin which suppliesthisinformation no more than two digits are used for a formdivision (for periodically. example, '08,' not '082'). The Guide to Use of Dewey Decimal Classification 1c19621 When Dewey recommends to subdivide a subject like 930.999, ... andCode for Classifier's[sic], by William S. Merrill the numbers for a country will be limited to a continent, ex- [c1939] are used as guides when questions arise concerning cept for the United States, which will be limited to aregion. the proper, interpretation of the basic rules given in the History period subdivisions will not be used except for Eng- Dewey Decimal Classification. land and the United States. Only major subdivisions will be Numbers may be simplified and shortened when feasible to used for these two exceptions. make them more nearly uniform with already established Period subdivisions are not' used for works of literature. collections. As a general rule classification numbers will be Bibliographies of a subject are classed with the subject, with limited to three points beyond the decimal, the decision to the subdivision '016.' use the more specialized classification to be left to thejudg- ment of the cataloger. Juvenile titles are to be classified from the Abridged Dewey Decimal Classification, 8th edition. Dewey Decimal Classification, Edition 17 Extracts from the Manual for special subjects: The publication in June 1965 of Dewey Decimal I. Subdivision by County:...When Dewey recommends to divide the subject like 930-999, the number for the Classification, Edition 17, prompted a review of de- country may be limited to the form for the continent ex- cisions which had been made for Edition 16. While cept in the case of the United States. the full impact of the changes have not been evalu- 2. Subdivision of History by Period (other than United States): For English History only major period divisions ated, the following statements are illustrative of re- will be used....When only a limited number of titles sponses from the processing centers: are likely to be included in the library collection for an individual country, period divisions will not be used. ... From California: State Library Processing Center 3. Subdivision of Literature by Period: Period divisions will Processing Center Classification Policy be used for 20th century English and American literature. Literature written prior to this period will not be sub- The Processing Center is now using the 17th edition of the divided.. .. Dewey Decimal Classification.All in all, the changes from Exception: Works by and about Shakespeare, except biog- previous editions are not excessive and should not cause any raphy, will be classed in 822.33. difficulties. We will, of course, retain the special call numbers 4. Subdivision by Form: Limited use will be made of form presently in use. The following is a summary of these excep- divisions to indicate annuals . . . except in the case of .08 tional cases: for collections and .09 for history and criticism. I. BIBLIOGRAPHIES. All bibliographies are classed in Literature: the 016's in preference to the number for the subject followed by the standard subdivision 016. 1. Literature and Short Stories: The Dewey classification will be followed. This will include the placing of collections II. BIOGRAPHIES OF INDIVIDUALS. Biographies have of short stories and miscellaneous writings about dogs in a two-line call number consisting of B or JB followed the class number 636.78. by the surname or first word of the person's name as Exception: Collections of short stories by one author, col- given in the subject heading.(Necessary cross refer- lections of science fiction, mysteries, and westerns will be ences are made by individual libraries as desired). classed as fiction. The exceptions to this practice are works about phi- 2. Literary Criticism: Literary criticism will continue to be losophers, architects, sculptors, painters, musicians and classed as 801.9, 811.09, 811.509, 820.9, 821.09, 821.9109, etc., composers, sports figures, and individual North Ameri- according to the nationality and form used by the author can Indians. For works about such individuals, the first or authors treated in the work. The Center will not use line of the call number is a Dewey number, the second 818, 828, etc. for comprehensive works on prose literature the first word of the subject heading.
102 number or range of ject (093.099). The following is alisting of subdivisions of numbers used subject headings often associated withthe Dewey sublivisions used by PC: philosophers 191-199 architects 720.941-720.999 01(Philosophy and theory] sculptors 730.941-730.999 TERMINOLOGY painters 759.11-759.999 NOMENCLATURE musicians and composers 780.92 and '1780.92 MATHEMATICAL MODELS basketball players 796.323 and 1796.32 METHODOLOGY football players .796.332 and 1796.33 016 BIBLIOGRAPHY (Use 016.001-016.999instead) baseball players 796.357 and 1796.35 02 CATALOGS Indians of North America 970.2 and 3970.2 CHARTS, DIAGRAMS, ETC. For critical and biographicalworks about literary fig- DIRECTORIES ures wcr use the rangeof numbers 811.899 (apractice FORMS, BLANKS, ETC. begun during 1961). We willcontinue to use the FORMULAE, RECEIPTS, PRESCRIPTIONS chronological divisions for authorsestablished by the HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. 16th edition of Dewey in that the systememployed in OUTLINES, SYLLABI, ETC. the 17th edition leads to undulylong call numbers. PICTORIAL WORKS All material by and aboutShakespeare is classed 822.33 PICTURES, ILLUSTRATIONS, ETC. followed by a special letter-numberscheme given in the STATISTICS Tables volume. TABLES Biographies of Jesus Christ are classed232.9 and 3232.9. YEARBOOKS Family histories are 03 DICTIONARIES & ENCYCLOPEDIAS III. COLLECTIVE BIOGRAPHIES. DICTIONARIES classed 929.2 followed by the surname. 05 PERIODICALS Collective biographies limitedto persons associated 06 SOCIETIES, ETC. with one particular field ofendeavor use the range ETC. 921.928 (with no divisionbeyond the decimal point); 07 EXAMINATIONS, QUESTIONS, designated are classed 920 EXPERIMENTS those which cannot be so PROBLEMS, EXERCISES, ETC. (without geographical subdivision). PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION IV. AREA STUDIES. Worksdesciibing part of the world RESEARCH from the viewpoint of the disciplinesof sociology, eco- STUDY AND TEACHING nomics or political science areclassed in the 300's with STUDY AND TEACHING (ELEMENTARY) the appropriate geographicalsubdivision. STUDY AND TEACHING (SECONDARY) Historical studies of an areaduring modern times use 08 ADDRESSES, ESSAYS, LECTURES(not used by the range of numbers 940-999,while "geographical" PC) studies use the range 914-919.The subject headings CASE STUDIES for the latter group are oftensubdivided in one of the COLLECTED WORKS following ways: COLLECTIONS Civilization ...(COLLECTIONS) Descr. HISTORYSOURCES Descr. & tray. ...(SELECTIONS. EXTRACTS, ETC.) Descr. & tray.Guide-books 09 -HISTORY - Descr. 7e tray.Views HISTORY AND CRITICISM Frontier and pioneer life 092 BIOGRAPHY (used only in 780.92)° Maps From New York: SuffolkCooperative Library System National characteristics,American (and the like) -Soc. life and oust. On November 4, 1965, theDirector issued the fol- classed V. VOCATIONAL GUIDANCEMATERIAL is lowing complimentary statement onEdition 17 to the 371.425. Suffolk Cooperative membership: VI. FOREIGN LANGUAGEMATERIAL. Fiction in Ger- man, French or Spanish isclassed in the 830's, 840's and For the last three months we havebeen basing our classifi- 860's respectively. Easy readers forchildren are classed cations on the 17th edition of the DeweyDecimal Classifica- J438, 3448 and 3846, the subjectheading having the tionlong enough to feel at homewith it. Our tentative subdivisionChrestomathies and readers. conclusion, based on this use, is thatthe 17th edition is a considerable improvement on the 16th. Wehave been forced VU. PERENNIALS are classed635.933 and are "half-Cut- the flower described, to review our classifications; wehave taken the opportunity tered" according to the name of to make them more logical andconsistent. Over a period of for example: time, we feel, the effect will be ahigher and more consistent 635.933 level of classification throughout the System. R for a work on roses 7,y John Jones. The main features of the 17thedition are (1) a renewed table of standard CIVIL SERVICE EXAM QUESTIONS.Books of this emphasis on subject integrity; (2) a new VIII. Ken Books subdivisions (form'rly called "form divisions");and (3) a new sortpublished by Arco, Davis, Pergande, "area table." These changes Are sowell described in the and othersare classed 351.3. editor's introduction to the new editionthat we have ab- IX. MUSICAL REVUES, COMEDIES,ETC.LIBRETTOS. stracted his comment for you. ...[Not included] These are classified as playsunless the musical score is Since the new table of standardsubdivisions accounts for induded in the book (in which cagethey are 782.81). so many of the changes inclassification, we are also attaching a copy of it for yourinformation. [Not included] X NORTH AMERICAN INDIANTRIBES are classed biggest change is in psy- of the tribe as In the main tables, perhaps the 970.3 and J970.3 followed by the name chology.In the 16th edition, psychology waspartly in the given in the subject heading. 130s and partly in the 150s. Now it iswholly in the 150s. For instance, child psychology, which used to be136.7 is now 155.4. Standard Subdivisions Used with DeweyNumbers will not be getting kept to six digits or The 136 number is left vacant, so you Whenever possible, Dewey numbers are books in some other subject classifiedin this number. lessor J plus five digits.Incidentally, this allows us to changes will inconvenience LC proof slips. In line with We realize that some of these Ektalith the maximum number of you, as they have us. Inorder to ease the transition, and to this no more than two digits areused for standard subdivi- help you bring your catalog in line, wemake this offer. In sions, with the exception ofgeographical treatment of a sub- 103 any fieldsuch as psychologywhere there has been an im- Black Robes and Indians on the Last portant change in classification between the 16th and 17th Frontier 266.20979728 edition (you will have to leave the definition of "important" The Hustler's Handbook 79615764 up to us), we will catalog and process any title you order, even though it was published before 1963' The Irish in New Orleans, 1800.1860 301.45191620763355 Report to Greco 889.83403 From North Carolina: State Library Processing Center A Shopper's Guide to Mexico 380.1457450972 At a meeting of 37 member librarians on January They Came from Germany 301.45130730922 11, 1966, Edition 17 was discussed and Because most of the centers continue to prefer B or It was agreed that the expansion of the 500's, k300's and 92 for individual biography and 920 or its subdivisions other classifications in the 17th (9th abridged) edition of DeWey had been essential to cover new areas of knowledge. for collected biography, such numbers as the following The discussion centered on changes in the classification of would also be of little practical value. individual and collective biography, literaturecollections, holiday material, fairy tales, folklore and bibliography. These Title Classification were the problem areas which librarians had indicated on the 951.040922 questionnaires returned to the Processing Center. There was The Crippled Tree a full discussion of these topics during which time the needs Fighting Generals 355.3320922 of the patron and librarians were considered and the relative A Gift of Prophecy 133.30924 merits of the former classifications and the new ones in these Hoffa and the Teamsters 331.88113883240924 subject areas. The group wanted to be responsive to the My Twelve Years with John F. Kennedy973.9220924 growth in areas of knowledge as well as the pnierences and practical use of the collections by patrons. Mrs. Johnson re- Mrs. Jack 708.144610924 ported on information obtained from other processing centers, Yes, Ican. 792.70924 The Library of Congress and The H.". Wilson Co. regard- ing the changes in classification numbe.s. A vote on each of these classifications was taken and the following consensus was CUTTER NUMBERS reached: 1. Individual and collective biography would continue to Cutter numbers are rarely used in processing cen- be classified as B and 920 until members of the Center ters. The responses to the Missouriquestionnaire by have more time to determine whether they want to fol- low the' changes in the 17th edition where biography is 23 centers were: classified in the subject area when the subject can be 1 identified. Use Cutter numbers 2. Literature collection will continue to be put in .08 in- Use for some libraries 2 stead of .008 as given in the new edition; history and 2 criticism of literature will be classed in .09 instead of Use some Cutter numbers .009. The group thought the expanded number here Do not use Cutter numbers 16 was not needed for public library collections. 2 3. The expanded numbers will be used for holidays as in- Do not use (except biography) dicated in the 9th abridged edition. Substitutes, for traditional Cutter numbers as noted 4. The expanded numbers given in the 9th abridged edi- tion will be used for fairy tales and folklore. both on the questionnaire and on the sample cards 5. The number for bibliography will be left as it is which included throughout this study indicate the use of the follows the class numbers in the 9th abridged edition: 012.016. letters of the author's name, usually the, first letter or 6. All other numbers in the 9th abridged edition will be the first two letters. As collections grow the letter followed! combinations may be extended indefinitely. Sources of Dewey numbers used in processing centers Among the decisions made on author or work num- The major sources of Dewey numbers, when not bers are these: assigned originally by the center, are the DDC num- From California: Black Gold Cooperative Library System bers on LC proofsheets or cards, the National Union In cuttering, use the three figure cutter table, alteredand Catalog, the Ameriacn Book Publishing Record and fitted by Miss Kate Sanborn. ... Use cutter for all individual biographies and critiques, whether Publisher's Weekly. The decisions in the sources cited of the author, artist, musician, or football player. This includes emanate from the Decimal Classification Office, Li- autobiographies.... Works about Shakespeare are to be ca- tered for the author. brary of Congress. Because of the influence of this When an art book is cataloged under the artist as if In were Office, processing centers might well be advised to author, he ...is to be cuttered too. di ;cuss and review with the Office their decisions on From Colorado: Northern Colorado Processing Center the length of Dewey numbers. Otherwise the present Author names are not assigned. The author's last name and analyses from the Office become more and more aca- initials are used on labels, book pockets, and cards. demic. From Texas: State Library Centralized Processing Center The first letter of the rurname of the author of a title will be Tie following represent a sampling of lengthy DDC placed under a classification number to distinguish different titles with the same class number. Different titles by the same numbers which have appeared on LC cards since the author and different editions of the sarae title will not be appearance of Edition 17, each of which would be reflected in a call number. In individual biography, the first letter of the surname of the shortened by the centers to conform to their, policies: person written about will beplaced,under a class number in- Title Classification stead of the author of the biography. In collection biography, the first letter of the surname of the author, editor, etc., will Aircraft of the World 629.133340222 be used.
104 For criticisms of 2.! person, the first initial of the person criti- Illinois cized is placed under the class number rather than that of Book Processing Center, Oak Park, Catalog Code, Technical the person writing the criticism. Processing and Book Order Procedures (1965), 68 pp. No symbols or author letters will be used on . ..fiction books. Indiana Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center, "Specifications" Reasons for non-use.The reasons generally given (1965?), 2 pp. for not using the Cutter Tables are:(1) difficulty of Maryland assigning without consultation of existing shelf lists of Eastern Shore Book Processing Center, Manual of Instructions and Procedures, by Lucile H. Horsley [and] Margaret M. Morris. member libraries; (2) non-use of Cutter numbers by Rev. Sept. 1, 1963 (Salisbury, Md.: 1963), 23 pp. member libraries before they joined a center;(8) Michigan preference for use of author's initials as being less Wayne County Library, "Centralized Selection, Cataloging,and Book Processing Services Provided by the Wayne County Public confusing. Library" (August 1965), 4 pp. Observations.While these are immediate deter- New York Finger Lakes Library System, "Plans for Central Purchasingof rents, an objective appraisal might demonstrate not Books." Revised July 1961, 4 pp.; "Amendment: Pseudonymous only the simplicity of .Cutter numbers but also their Authors," May 14, 1965. Westchester Library System Technical Services,Procedure Man- supplenientary value to the Decimal Classification. ual for MembiLibraries (Yonkers N. Y.:1964-65), variously Basically the Cutter number has served to identify the paged. container of the content, usually book format; thus North Carolina State Library Processing Center, Development and Procedures, there is some justifiable concern that two books on the January 1, 1960-June 30, 1961 (Raleigh, N. C.; 1961),variously same subject by two different authors couldbe as- paiged- "An account of the history and policies of the NorthCarolina signed the same Cutter number. The concern seems State Library Processing Center with diagrams, lists andother to be lessened, however, by the canon of attrition par- aids." ticularly as it relates to books in public libraeles. Such "Memorandum 1, February 2, 1960""Memorandum 33, January a policy, moreover, as that stated in therreias Manual 14, 1966." Texas that "different titles by the same author and different State Library Centralized Processing Center, Manual 12(Austin: editions of the same title will not be reflected in the 1965), 55 pp. 2. California State Library Processing Center,"Processing call number" largely negates the purpose of Guttering. Center Classification Policy," from A. T. Birrell, August 12,1965, Among the alternatives for consideration are these: 3 pp. 3. Suffolk Cooperative Library System, New York,"17th Edi- (1) rejection of use of Cutter numbers by the center; tion of Dewey," November 4, 1965, 3 pp. (2)use of letters of author's surname or that of 4. North Carolina State Library Processing Center,"Memo- biographee, for example, with or without further randum 33, January 14, 1966." identification of titles and/editions; (8) acceptance of Cutter numbers with the inconvenience of some pos- sible duplication if the member libtary already uses them;(4)acceptance of Cutter numbers with the CHAPTER XIV privilege of requesting that the center re-classify or re-catalog fully the earlier title duplicated;(5) use CATALOGING AND CLASSIFICATION: of arbitrary code numbers within each classification WITHIN CENTERS AND MEMBER number for each title, for example, A-1- A-99; B-1 - B-99. Samples: 361.4 361.4 LIBRARIES A-1 A-86 INTRODUCTION
FOOTNOTES With the emergence of centralizedprocessing ser- 1. All quotations in this chapter, unless otherwise noted, are vices there has been an intensified awarenessof cen- extracted from the following sources: tralization and standardization incataloging and California Black Gold Cooperative Library System Processing Center, Cali- classification as member libraries agreed toshare a fornia, ["Rules for] Editing (Content) [and] Cataloging," n.d., common policy.In the agreements which arein- 18 pp. State Library Processing Center, Handbook, Rev. Feb. 1964 cluded in Appendix C appear such phrases asthese: (Appendix: January 24, (Sacramento, Calif.: 1964), 25, 15 pp. The State shall perform the following services: 1963 Workshop Report.) Catalog and classify books in accordance withprocedures as Stockton-San Joaquin County Public Library, California, Tech- agreed upon by the majority of the group of Memberlibraries. nical Processes Dept., Manual (1964), variously paged. (California State Library) Colorado "Northern Colorado Processing Center," [A Report prepared by All books shall be processed according to thespecifications given in the manual of procedures. Luella Kinnison] (1962), p. 8.(Mimeographed.) (Northern Colorado Processing Center) Florida Book Processing Center, Orlando, "Cataloging Policies Agreed The subscriber agrees to accept the manner andstyle of Upon by All Member Libraries."Latest revision: March 9, centealized book processing, including a catalogingand claui- 1965, 3 pp. fic.i m code, as determined by the Centerafter consultation 105 with librarians from libraries who signed contracts .. pro- Some centers have regretted their acceptanceof vided, however, no such code shall become effectiveunless it custom cataloging requests;others accept the respon- is approved by a majority of the librarians. (Book Processing Center, Oak Put, sibility as the following comments indicate: Illinois; Agreement in Appendix: Oak The . .Center bad been started in April of 1962 but had Park Centralized Processing Center) had no bead librarian since July of 1962. Consequently, they [The Member Library] agrees to accept the manner andstyle were hogged down with custom cataloging, putting outaround of centralized book processing and mendingincluding cata 200 books per month' loguing and classification system. The processing of books follows the system used for own (Pioneer Library System, New York) library with such small differences that may be needed to make it suitable...It is, in sense, custom cataloging.' The Eastern Shore Book Processing Center,Maryland, the North Carolina State LibraryProcessing Center, Some centers have offered custom cataloging through and the Library Service Center of SouthwestWiscon- contract, for example, the Nioga Library System,New sin have similar statements that memberlibraries shall York, and Niagara University, New York, agree on the "accept the manner and style of centralizedprocessing Cataloging and classification of all units in accordance with .. asdeter- procedures mutually agreeable to Nioga Library System and including cataloging and classification Niagara Uniirenity.* mined by the C4nter." There is not full acceptance, however, of standardi- The Ohio State Library Catalog Center is seemingly zation among member libraries. The answers. tothe the only Center which offers three types of cataloging following question, "Is your cataloging 'completely services: custom, State Library "package," and stan- standardized?" by the 23 respondents to the Missouri dardized by group. State Library cataloging is that questionnaire were: done for the main library collection and offered to libraz ies elsewhere.Even with this cataloging and yes ,,,, .13 processing, however, any step used for the State Li- .5 no but will be ..I brary may be dropped at the request of a client. almost ...... , . I Standardized cataloging is that offered not completely ... 1 To a group of at least five or six libraries in a particular no answer 2 area or region which wish to develop their own systemof cataloging to be used by members of the group, and which Variant views were expressed also in the Missouri guarantee a regular and sizeable volume of business,cataloging questionnaire as to whether standardization among and processing.' members was desirable or essential. Most of the affir- Such a diversified program requires that alist of mative respcinses were accompanied by qualifications instruction sheets for each library be consulted as such as: titles are prepared in accordance with localdecisions, (1) Completely essential for an economical operation. for each of the three types represents a form of cus- Conbrinity to certain standards definitely desirable, although not essential. tomized service. (3) Absolutely essential. Charges for the three types of cataloging and proc- (4) Highly desirable. essing vary: (5) Extremely desirable. Custom cataloging: (includes machine lettering) From one experienced respondent: "Standardization Fiction $ .92 per title (or less) does not hurt service to public; only librarian who 1.17 per title (or less) doesn't like diange.l. Non-fiction State Library cataloging: .75 per book Standardized cataloging: .80 per book Custom cataloging Custom cataloging has been offered or is still being According to Miss Hess, Acting State Librarian, "only offered by some processing centers which on occasion a few of the 9 publiclibraries.. wantthe Custom have compromised standardization for membership. Cataloging; the others take the 75# deal." In addition The answers to the question on the Missouri question- to the three types of services, the Centersells catalog naire, "Do you perform custom cataloging?" were: cards for $.21 per set plus postage .5
Yes 7 no .... 10 Standardized cataloging no answer 6 Standardized cataloging as agreed upon by partici- The responses were not quite consistent with those of pating libraries within a center tends to bestandard- the earlier question on standardization, for,while 13 ized only within the membership. Thus,processing indicated that their cataloging was completely stan- centers differ among themselves asindividual libraries dardized, on'y 10 reported that they did no custom long have differed. The following sample cardsillus- cataloging. trate the variations nowexisting: 4
Florida: Book Center, Orlando
CARTOIL Ifolpt1907. So the Heffner: McComb. Garden Citf, N.Y., Doubleday_ fc.)1 . 143p. 3.so ,1.1 dlecrbolnetion 2. Heiner. Albert W. L ReffaerMary Abs. moue at On wink MOO Soft Asote a aseassai siSIND tgaitrimswomtross alp ilows whom Sear tocuslets MI WS
0
Data transferred to V' x S" card North Carolina: State Library Processing Center Georgia:Skate Catalog Service, Atlanta (own cataloging)
.5111014 RiNA UMW M "008011011r9.Ugh.: ad phenosensi IF YOU WERE AN EEL. NOV WOULD Toll .. = A sift, of pOphicy: FELL, ST BMA AWHOVABO SIMON* FOL Jean. Dixon. *mow, 1965. LAM Otifis 182:1)
ANINALPHAIII TS =AVIV BEHAVIOR
Illinois: Book Processing Center, Oak Park
649.1 0 Mott, Rahn G Batman patont sad child; new *actions to old problem, Scott* Sir Waters bart.1771-1133B. by Raba G. Oinott. Now York, liaondllan tie% 711* talisman, bySitAfaltar Soott. With illustrations fibs drawings by lowland 111 p. IS ca. litzeeleright together with, an Introductory Siklicersph7: p s11, sketch of the author by Basil Davenport. /km Yorks 1)odd 81945, 358 p.illus.(Great Illustrated Classics) .t Chlidnii--Itansisment. Pam; and child. S. tkormSesdo, .anon, litic 1. armada. 4- Thirds =GAM Fiction.2. *tabard I, king of lingland, 1157- 1199 - Fiction. I. Title.
Ohio: Litman r Service Center of Eastern Ohio Michigan: Wayne County Library System (Original Polley) Sample of an extract from Publisher's Weekly (or American Book Publishing Record). 398.2 1Fvans Katberina,1901- Ev Thenice that ate iron. afable retoldand Lila by Katherine Evans. White/1109633
unpageri.
laced
Sample author card with illu s. added by a memberlibrary
107 Ohio: Library Service Center of Eastern Ohio thor or shelf list) indicating that certain titles, not the (Policy as of June 1960 number of volumes, were sent to member. libraries; (4) some attempt to maintain an accurate =Ord of withdrawal of titles from member libraries such as in the union catalog of the Finger Lakes Library System, 271.09 Dkezrams, Jam 1090. 01 Wake lad civilization, ten the barbarian invasions to New York. the reign of Charlemagne. Translated by Charlotte Hal- dane. slated. in the U. S. A.1 Garden City, N. Y., Double- Directives sent to the member libraries in the Fin- day, 1944. ger Lakes Library. System relate both to additions and vaN Slut felt) a gm Treads** or las maws* Is charades es Nikita withdrawals: lidlieseepy: a In-1117. Please send us An author card for every title not processed Malliddima ald 012101-72sAatokacb. 2. Chillediera by us which you add to your collection.
BIC04S.1)411 1411 MON& map 04-19287 When withdrawing the last copy of a title which you do not intend to replace, please return to us the main entry card mow se owarass 44-4 or the shelf list card marked 'All copies discarded.' This will help us maintain an accurate record of member library hold- ings and also allow us to remove from the union catalog the cards no longer needed.. If you withdraw the last copy of a title and you intend to replace it; DO NOT notify us of the withdrawal, and keep your catalog cards. Your replacement copy will be sent to you without cards.*
Catalog cards.Once the cataloging and classifica- tion decisions are made, complete sets of cards are prepared, commonly by Multilith and Xerox though other methods are used. Two centers, the State Cata- log Service of Georgia and the New Hampshire State Library, furnish unit cards only with a manual for guidance in completing the sets of cards. Suggestions for adapting the cards are included, details of which may be found in the manuals themselves: Cataloging within centers Georgia State Department of Education, State Catalog ter- vice, Manual. for Adapting and Using Catalog Card: (Atlanta: A major activity of processing centersispre- n.d.) cataloging or cataloging with the use of aids such as LC proofsheets or cards, the American Book Publish. New Hampshire State Library, Manual for Centralized Cata- loging Card Service (Concord :. 1965) ing Record and Publishers' Weekly. Some centers rely on the aids completely though participation in Extra sets of Cardi.Since promptness of service is the Greenaway plan makes available many titles for predetermined largely by the readiness of the cards, consultation when necessary. Some Wilson cards are some centers have tried to keep extra sets of cards in used with few or no changes. In general, however, the reserve in anticipation of duplication of titles. Thus cataloging and classification are adaptive to that al- ready done, primarily by the Library of Congress. far, however, no reliable pattern of duplication has When books arrive before LC cards are available they emerged. Some centers try to keep from three to five may be held until cards arrive since little original sets in reserve; one center keeps cards with popular cataloging is done except in those centers associated subject headings ready for use. One center nearly with large public libraries for which they catalog. perished in its plethora of extra cards and is now re- viewing its policies. In general, more rapid methods Cataloging records.The centers vary as to the cata- of card re)roduction make it increasingly less neces- loging records kept, for example; (1) some centers do sary to have reserve stock cif a master set or a main not have a shelf list arrangement of classification entry card is kept for copying. While routines differ numbers used; (2) few maintain name authority and in the centers, the following flow charts illustrate the subject authority files; (3) some maintain a record (au- procedures involved in preparing sets of cards. tiffs
From Texas: State Library CentralizedProcessing Centet Precataloging Procedures Cataloging Procedures If enough cards are found in Extra CardFile:
Cat. cards M.O. forms M.O. forms put I ed from extra card AmiU11=1
Bibliograph- ic search made Go typist
If sufficient If no or information insufficient 'found for information Card sets cat. & class. found completed 1
Work slip M.O, forms 119111111110.. .."44.414111111111 M.O. forms prepared One main Extra cards entry card for each
Filed to To lid. Cat. await reseiph of books V Bookpockets andcards le Work slips Fi le prepared revised, File corrected, ate
M.O. form, To typist book card, cat cards sttif fed in
Mats typed for new supply of V File
To multilith
New supply Repeat of cards To typist routine If enough cards are not found, mats aretyped for a new supply run off in Chart .4 of cards; if no cards are found,the main entry card is used as a guide for thetyping of mats"
109
.....motemmiriiimemigaggaiNMENZEIEM f, Cataloging costs.,-Few centers have made detailed Cataloging within member libraries studies on the cost of cataloging; however, data from The acquisition of materials not purchased through Centralized Processing for the Public Libraries of New the center, gifts which may or may not be cataloged York State indicate that the range of costs in fourteen by the center, and the maintenance of the card cata- selected System Centers was per title: $1.227 to $8.733; log all contribute to some cataloging activity within per item: $.207 to$1.463. The costs per title and per member libraries. The very endorsement itself of ex- item for each of the fourteen centers follow: pending any portion of the book budget inde- pendently immediately involves a member library To Catalog To Catalog with cataloging if the books thus bought are not for. System Title Item° warded to the center. While it may have been the original plan that duplicate copies, annuals, govern- 1. $1.227 $ .312 ment documents, periodicals, encyclopedias, and non- 2 1.380 .207 book materials were to be purchased With the 3 2.586 .625 member library's percentage of the book budget, there 4 6.031 .770 is some question as to the actual scope of acquisitions 5 4.022 .989 within the member libraries: 3.487 1.019 Whatever the scope, it is obvious that some cata- 8.733 .770 loging may be or is being done within the local 3.768 1.282 library. What is not known is what cataloging policy 4.135 1.046 is used and how much time is thus deployed from 4.095 1.062 reader services. The cataloger or the person assuming 2.423 .765 local cataloging duties seems to have little communi . 4.846 1.442 cation with the center. With local cataloging, local 8.160 1.076 policies may be relinquished uneasily or not at all. 6.083 1.4638 The question that may be asked then is to what ex- tent does such cataloging encourage the retention of b Total cataloging costs divided by titles cataloged. local procedures? c Total cataloging costs divided by items processed. Changes made on cards from centers.-Changes often are made on catalog cards when they reach the The responses to the question on the Missouri quem- local libraries. Some members of one center indicate tionnaire concerning estimating both the time and making the following changes: cost per volume for each phase of processing were dis- Classification, complete cataloging for each entry and more appointing. Only one library offered an estimate subject headings. which was that the cost for classifying was $.37 per Usually class numbers to fit in our collection. Occasional changes. volume. Re-assign numb( ct,correct typographical errors. Cost per card.1-VVhile the Missouri questionnaire Make changes that I desire. attempted to gather data also on the cost per card and the type of equipment used for card reproduc- From another center, these changes were indicated: tion, 14 centers were unable to respond adequately. Mark digits off long numbers. Change classical, etc. names to common English names. Nine furnished the following data on cost per card Discard cards for illustrators, most translators and editors and and the equipment used: mark tracingoff card. s Change some numbers to fit into our collection better. Change tome Author Entries to fit into our collection better. Equipment for Change form of author's name-call numbers. Some changes in classification numbers, especially when we Cost per card card reproemction have copies of book under another number. We add some sub- $.011 Photo-Direct and Multilith ject headings, too. Sometimes classification no. to conform to earlier copies. .015 Addressograph Subject headings, generally juvenile,* .016 Thennofax and Ektafax .017 Multilith Such comments, even if somewhat atypical, show .02 Xerox and Multilith (Some that the acceptance of standardization in cataloging typed) policies is more of a subterfuge than a reality and that .02 Xerox 914 (10# original) a reappraisal is imperative. One respondent felt un- .046 Xerox certain that there had been an improvement in the .06 Xerox and typewriter (varies) quality of cataloging since joining the center because (.15 per setAddressograph 5000) "I just hap like simple cataloging for rural Two factors make acomparison. dilkult: 1) Ourservice in- withdrew saying "Being distribution of cards, since Ainunc libraries." Another member cludes a much greater average Many them here." furnishes at the standard priceonly a single basic set; 2) I have time, can. process of the details of catalogingby the Center would beconsidered The centers cannot beblameless if there hasbeen custom cataloging by.Alanar and be charged at ahigher rate." too much of atendency to deliver thebook with the libraries reported thattheir costs collection of In addition, two cards without thinkingof an integrated $1.89 as compared to theState Library "sometimes two books were $1.60 and books for use. Such criticism as cost. on same subjectin same shipmentwill have varying the New York Survey,letters of in- should undertake As reported in subject headings" and the center quiry were mailed to 26commercial processing ser- the "development ofsubject & name authorityfiles & from 11 companies, jeopardizes, if true, the vices.13Following are replies consistency in using them,"1.0 coded as to services, cost,and time, confirming not basic merits ofcentralized processing. only the difficultiesinvolved in obtaining databut The present consequenceis that some member diversities among the services. libraries, however small, arestill allocating timeboth for catalogingmaterials purchased directlyand for INFORMATION ON COMMERCIALPROCESSORS Thus tinkering with the catalogingfrom the center. Service Cost Time the Company 8 weeks the time hopefullyrelinquished for services to A Ordering,cataloging, $.50-$2.30 while hidden costs ofcataloging preparation for public, normal public is diminished school, college and uni- increase. Moreover, howeverexcellent the cataloging versity, and specialli- policy of the center, its useby member librariesand braries; also sell cataloging kits $.25 when the individual patternsof subject references maynot book also be consistent or competentin an 'environmentlack- bought; professional $.29 without ing not only a qualifiedcataloger but a book staff member as well. Print and sell catalog member libraries oranticipated cards (9th abridged It is not too late for Dewey only); also sell ones toreappraise themselves andtheir intransigent Bowker processing kits insistence on local policiestoask such questions as: C Cataloging and prepara- $1.35-$1.90 adhering to a local policy afetish? tion for high V.11001 and To what extent is junior college libraries evidence that localchanges im- Is there really any D Furnish catalog cards and Free with prove the catalogingwithin a library? If true,why book pocketa with library of bibliographic and bound books bought croicchsase are notsimilar changes made in through company encyclopedia indexes? Is biographic indexes, in vast E Kits of catalog materials $29 per kit a smallcollection of books to beequated with small furnished to public and it possible to free one- school libraries needs or small mentalities? Is Ordering, catalogingsand $.60-$165 120 days self from local butperhaps too pridefulmanifesta- processing of materials normal tions of differences andview service for the reader as for schools, as well as for personally demand- some public libraries prelude to the equally but more G Ordering,cataloging, Individually ing one of service to thereader? preparation for univer- contracted sity, government,public with clients and special libraries processing center services Commercial processing and Source: New York StateLibrary, CentralizedProcessing for the Public Libraries of NewYork State, "AppendixC, Section The possibility ofchoosing between a commercial 5. processing service and a librarysponsored processing center makes itdesirable that librarians know ofthe Of greater significancethan cost and time varia- commercial services of both. Basicinformation may be found in tions, however, is thefact that neither catalog "Commercial Cataloging Services:A Directory," com- processors nor thelibrary sponsored centers piled in 1964 by BarbaraWestby.11 More informa- titles within the conceptof an integratedcollection in the July 1967 issue of materials. Theircataloging title by title, iseasily tion is scheduled for inclusion of of. Library Trends. done. What is moreimportant is the structuring interrelate the collection as Inquiries concerning costs areusually made. In the syndetic catalog to represented in each memberlibrary or in a book cataa California', for example,when the State Library Proc- the its cost of $1.40 per vol- log. If this responsibilityis not to be accepted by essing Center was discussing firms might well chal- members, a question aoout comparison processing centers, commercial ume with its of the continuing of costs with Alanar, acommercial firm, revealed lenge the effectiveness of some that: programs. 111 The card catalog within member libraries Maria, Santa Paula, and Ventura. The Ventura Processing centers have thus far not contracted to County and City Library has assumed the responsi- maintain the card catalogs of member libraries though bility for the cataloging and editing in conjunction some have offered guidance as in the preparation of with the Black Gold Processing Center. The catalogs manuals for members. An example is the "Code for are prepared by the Science Press at Ephrata, Penn- Filing Cards in the Dictionary Catalog of a Small sylvania, by the use of punched sequential cards. As Library,"14 prepared by the North Carolina State Li- of Fall, 1965, the book catalogs included about 11,000 brary Processing Center for its members. A realistic titles.17 statement of responsibility has been made by the Mrs. Catherine S. Chadwick, Director, Library Ser- Book Processing Center in Florida to its members: vices, at Ventura, was aware of the difficulties involved in the acceptance of the standardized input and re- " The Processing Center cannot maintain the public catalog. The filing, watching for conformity in entries, and the upkeep ports the experience, in part, as follows: of subject headings and their cross references, deletion of super It took us a year of real struggle to decide that a positive seded headings, etc., must be done by the individual libraries?' authority was necessary, and the determination to adhere as closely as possible to the LC pattern, and their recommended Additional responsibilties of some member libraries Dewey number, with the LC proof slip slightly edited accord- include the correction of continuations records and, ing to a closely defined pattern, was the first step in the right generally, making analytics. For example, the Eastern direction. Our first year was marked by dissension and dissatisfaction Shore Book Processing Center, Maryland, states in its with a product that left much to be desired. When we went Manual that "no analytics will be made for collections into oar second year we were far better prepared to evaluate the of short stories, plays, etele necessary components of success?' Though some processing centers have suggested the Plan of the catalog: use of a printed list of subject headings with the card Adult books (2 volumes) Children's books (1 volume) or the book catalog, a significant responsibility of in- 1. Author-Title Catalog Children's Catalog 2. Subject Catalog Three sections: dividual libraries continues to be the making of see Author and see also subject headings. Fulfilling the task of Tide patterning subject interrelationships, therefore, it be- Subject ing assumed by some libraries with a limited or no Frequency of publication: professional cataloging staff. Whatever the original Adult books Children's Catalog Bi-month1y state of the catalog, its syndetic character will erode Author-TitleMonthly unless its structuring is controlled. There is some evi- Subject Bi-monthly Entire cumulated catalogs to be issued periodically incor- dence, meanwhile, that cards have not been filed porating all additions and withdrawals. promptly into the catalogs, that references have not been made, and that some new catalog cards have Location of copies:. Symbols used to locate titles, spedfically monographs. been used for notes. Continuations are located by title only; user is advised "For library holdings, consult the Reference librarian." Toward the book catalog for member libraries Sample entries:(Reflecting decisions on cataloging Thus far book catalogs have not been widely used and editing accepted as the "posi- to record the holdings of public library members of tive authority.") processing centers or systems. Of the 23 respondents Author-Title Catalog Supplement to the Missouri questionnaire, only the Black Gold Adult Books March 11966 Cooperative Library System, California, reported that it had a book catalog for the use of its membership. MANSPIRLII, NATIIIIIINI, 111111-11128, Ti. 928.917 (GAB, lisksia, 1611-1930 Itemioiscomes of Toisbw, CbsIdmv, see Meanwhile definite proposals have been made for &item. feebotiild bansistion from he Resist by Waist Mansfield, S. S. Keteliaesky, and Lewd Woolf. Lades, Worth Press, 1916. book catalog programs for the public libraries of New 191 p. Mos. York and of North Carolina. The accompanying data Se on the Black Gold Cooperative Library System anti on MANTLE, MIOIDIY, leaf- the statewide plans for New York and North Carolina 716.3572 (Good Mimi the ascots of power Welk by Jim Bombs and eibers. Vain Press, lSS. 126 p. alas., ere, indicate the current trend toward and the diversifica- SL Se Sal tions in book catalog programs. MANTLE, BOBER sous, Ills -INS, in California.The book catalogs of the Black Gold OA (Best plays and Vie Um book el the dues is America.) Cooperative Library System represent the holdings of lkdd, Mud. Mc. v. Mo. Tide elfin; 1147/414141/50, Tim Mims Nestle bed plays morns Year seven public libraries which acquired from 50,000 to book el tke deem le Mika. 60,000 volumes in 1965. The libraries are in Lompoc, hiker 1193/1909009450. 1 v. For Wort tektioss consult tics Ildmeme Rolm. San Luis Obispo (2 libraries:Santa Barbara, Santa nob a. SL SI P as 1041 V
112 MANTILL, NUM ISM KOK Nee *to NMI. kilt Rik, by Itoaw Namil sed Helmick Finial Come DOSS McCue, I%4. 212 p. fins., porb. Diblidpoky. J636.78Richardson, Anthony, 1899- One man and et. V his dog. G. G. Harrap, 1%O. p. Illus. IAN 'TUNS SL $1..P 195.61 Tbo Nmyming eke Nippon Gskejutsu Skinkokai Iramidica d One thousand poses, with texts in Coal'. Now foreword by Weald Kelm. Columbia, 1965. DOLL-HOUSES 502p. mops (pit fold.) (Ueda tollecfond reptesentatiw works: J745.5923 Jacobs, Flora Gill. World of doll houses. homes, min) Rand McNally, 1%5. 144 p. Illus. Records of civilization: towns sed *din. no.20. I. SM. Added entry in same bold type as main entry which appears in parentheses following added DOLLS entry. J745.5922 Ackley, Edith Flack, 1887- Dolls to make No author cross references; duplicate entries for fun and profit. DrawingshyTelka Ackley. made for pseudonyms and varying forms of Rev. ed. Lippincott, 1951. 126 p. Illus. author's name. L SL SLR SIS Note use of "For library holdings consult the 7453922 Ackley, Edith Flack, 1887- Dolls to Reference librarian." make for fun and profit. Drawings by Telka No tracings. Ackley. Stokes, 1938. 107 P. Illus.,. Subject Catalog Supplement SM Adult Books February 1966 DOLPHINS CHILDREN AS ARTISTS J599.53Bailey, John Swartwout, 1907- Wonderful 372.3 Galtskell, Charles D. Children and thair art; methods for the dolphins; man's oldest underwater playmates elementary school by C. D. eaftskell, under the general newest scientific discovery. Hawthorn Books, editorship of W. B. Spalding. Harcourt, Brace, 1958. 446 P. 1%5. 96 p. Illus. Bibliography. SS About differenttypes of dolphins, their habits, the parts they play in experiments, with stories of their CHILDREN IN MIENS ()MONTE'S* intelligence and helpfulness. 790.192United States Committee for UNICEF. HI neighbor; fun and so SM folklore from countries being assisted by the United Nations Children's fund. New York, 1438?.. v. Illus. (part col.) Subdivision, "Juvenile Literature," not used. maps, music. annual. For library holdings consult the Reference librarian. The editorial (content) arid cataloging rules guiding SL the preparation of the book catalogs are to be found 01111.11111111 NI LITINATIMIll AND ART in Appendix D. 743 Pointer, Priscilla. How to draw children. London & New York, The Studio, 1942. 62 p. Illus. A critical appraisal of the Black Gold book catalog SLP an program is yet to be made in such rmreas as adherence to frequency pattern, time lags between date of ac- ONILDNIN NITHE I. S. 301.431Ginsberg, Eli, 1911- ed. Values and Meals of American quisition and date of inclusion of titles, omission of youth. With a foreword by John W. Gardner. Columbia subject references, need for location symbols, need for University Press, 1961. 338 p. Dims. "Notes and references" : p. 325438. indicating withdrawals, editorial problems and cost SL SI V factors, and, of supreme importance, the librarians' No subject cross references. and readers' uses of the book catalogs. The initiative With compound names, added subject entry and stamina shown thus far in reaching the present wade. agreement offers assurance that such studies are likely Sample entries: to be undertaken by the Black Gold Cooperative Li- Children's Catalog Supplement February 1966 brary System itself. Author Index Title Index 1000$, RALPH STEELE, ISM- J383 Letter to anywhere, by Al Hine. .1398.2 Three golden oranges and other Spanish folk tales, by J918 Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1951, by Richard Lewis Ralph Steele Boggs and Mary Gould Davis. Pictures Neuberger. by Emma Brock. D. McKay Co.. 1936. 137 p. Lewis Carroll book, 1944, by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Libby looks for a spy, 1965, by Catherine Woolley. L SL SLP SB SM V J J944.04 Liberty, equality, fraternity, 1965, by Clifford Lindsey AWerman. BOLOGNESE, DON, ILLUS. J917.98 Life in America: Alaska, 1963, by Stuart Ramsay Tompkins. q.1917.4 Life in America: New England, by Robert Peter Tristram. J (Brooks. Walter Rollin, 1886-1958) Jimmy takes Coffin, 1892. vanishing lessons. Illustrated by Don Bolognese. W917.8 Life in America: the Great Plains, by Walter Havighiest, Knopf, 1965. 1 v. (unpaged) Col. illus. 1901- L SL. SB SM (0977 Life in America: the Midwest SEE Midwest, by Walter Hayighurst. .1914.4 Life in Europe: France, 1964, by. Virginia Creed. "i3LTON, SARAN KNOWLES 1841-1818 J925 Famous men of science. Rev. by Barbara Lovett Cline. 113 4thed. Crowell, 1960. 326 p. SB In New York State.Within New York State three tem, the Finger Lakes Library System, and the Nioga systems have some familiarity with book catalog.% Library System. The following samples illustrate the though the book format has not supplanted the card present practices of the Finger Lakes and the Nioga catalog. These are the Mid-Hudson Libraries Sys- Library Systems:
Finger Lakes Library System Central Sampler, February 1965, number 16
POLICE SERVICES 351.74 Germain:4 A. C.INTRODUCTION TO LAW ENFORCEMENT. 351.744 Luisi, Gerald. HOW TO CATCH 5000THIEVES.. LOCAL AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS
352 MUNICIPAL YEAR BOOK, 1963. 352.073 MacDonald, Austin. AMERICAN CITYGOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION. 352.074 Dahl, Robert. WHO GOVERNS? 353 Elazar, Daniel. AMERICANPARTNERSHIP. 353 Levy, Leonard. THE AMERICANPOLITICAL PROCESS. 353 Pfifhier, John. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. 353.1 DeConde, Alexander. THE AMERICANSECRETARY OF STATE. 353.7 Albion, Robert. FORRESTAL AND THENAVY. 353.9756 Hodges, Luther. BUSINESSMAN IN THESTATEHOUSE. 354.42 Minney, R. J.NO. 10 DOWING STREET. 354.47 Fainsod, Merle. HOW RUSSIA IS RULED.(Rev. ed.) Nioga Library System Checklist of Adult Non-Fiction: Author Listings for 1964 AUTHOR TITLE DATE LOC. CUSS.
STEELE F GARDENS AND PEOPLE 1964 BA712.
STEEGMULLER F APOLLINAIRE 1963 BA$41.912
STEEL R ITALY 1963 NFL 808 5
STEFANSSON V DISCOVERY 1964 BA 13 STEIN M SOCIOLOGY ON TRIAL 1963 NFL 301.
Checklist of Adult Non-Fiction: Classified Listings for 1964 CLASS. AUTHOR TITLE DATELOC. 798.2 PHILLIPS L SADDLE HORSE. 1964 LOC 798.2 SELF M HAPPY YEAR 1963 NFL 79.2 STONERIDGE M HORSE OF YOUR OWN 1963 BA 798,.2 SUMME RH AY S R ELEMENTSOFRIDING 1963 NFL 798.2 YERNAM G MAN ON HORSEBACK 1964 LOC
114 where, un- The "Proposal," somewhat easilymistaken for a In North Carolina. In North Carolina, Inc., offers to like New York, there is already only oneprocessing procedural manual for Documentation, classification by distributinglabels center, a proposal for astatewide book catalog pro- erase variants in from the State Library, but from for use on book spines, bookjackets, and book cards gram has come, not held throughout the the Automation Committee of theNorth Carolina for re-processing titles already the Com- State. Library Association. In November, 1965, for the Auto- mittee presented to the Association a"Technical The major assignment yet remaining for the Public mation Committee, if and when itis fully convinced, Proposal for a Book Catalog Program and the State Li- Libraries of North Carolina," submitted tothe Com- is to persuade the public libraries mittee by Documentation, Inc. The planenvisions brary that the "Proposal" should beimplemented. through a computerized program: 1. A North Carolina Library Catalog (NCLC)of all titles held Cost of book catalogs by public libraries in the State (including the StateLibrary) That book catalogs -..ost a greatdeal is undisputed; with holding codes shown at the area level and forthe State is as yet undeter- Library in the Author section only. how much they cost or may cost 2. Area catalogs (from four to seven) of alltitles held within mined. Their cost in comparisonto the cost of the each area with holding codes for area libraries shownin all card catalogs which they are toreplace in 'whole or three sections. and is less likely to be 3. A Master file, under the direction of Documentation,Inc., in part can only be estimated created according to a detailed plan, of titles to beincluded determined accurately because few librariesthrough in the first annual catalogs, supplements, and cumulations the years have kept cost figures onthe 'preparation and on the following schedule after thepublication of the first catalogs: maintenance of card catalogs.Significant cost de- (1) bi-monthly publications of adult titles; terminants relating to the preparationof data either (2) 4 month publication of children's titles; format are (3) cumulation of each succeeding issue until final cumu- for the book catalog or the card catalog lation with the master catalog [at the end of two the descriptive and subject catalogingand classifica- years]; (4) paper-bound printed copies (the master catalogwill tion decisions. be hard bountl)." For the book catalog the methodof reproduction is a cost determinant. Both manualand mechanized The "Proposal" suggests further (1) that the book methods are used but whatever the method,there are catalogs be divided into three sections, author, title, variables which will affect the costfurther. Since a and subject; (2) that full-data citation be used in the book catalog prepared for the membersof a central- author section of the North Carolina Library Catalog ized processing service would besimilar to one pre- (NCLC) only; (3) that finding-list citation be used in pared for a large public library and itsbranches, the the title and subject sections of the NCLC and in all following variables, identified by Margaret C.Brown three sections of the area catalogs. The differences of the Free Library of Philadelphia, areincluded for between the citations can be seen in the accompany- consideration: ing illustrations: 1. The extent to which present catalogrecords, being trans- ferred into the book catalog can be used withoutretyping Full -Data Citation or recopying, 2. The number of cumulations required in anytwelve-month PIERCE, JOHN ROA/N3ON. 1910- period (the cumulative supplements may well cost more The ReleerchAlteet, e ;history of science in than a single annual issue), New Jersey, blt-John R. Pierce end Arthur Ge. of binding Treseleri Princeton, N.J.. Van Nostrend, 1964. 3. The number of copies printed and the kind XV79 MOS., col. maps (on lining used, papers), poits. U cc.(The New Jersey his- 4. The buying pattern of an individual library, and, of course, loricel series's. 15) 'Bibliographical notes": 'O. 162-166. its book budget, 64-23967 Q127.161116 5. The number of catalogers, since arrearagesdo not appear Finding-List .Citation in a book catalog any faster than they do in a card catalog. 6. Technological improvements which may soonmake it possible to automate some procedures, such as thestripping SCIENCE...-NIATi-'NEW JERSEY Pierce.'Joble Robinson. TheResearch State. 1064. 20 of film, that is presently done by hand.° ____,10;766P6 Though the entries indicatethe use of the Library of Among the additional variablesaffecting the cost collections of mem- Congress Classification, the"Proposal" recommends of book catalogs representing the that: ber libraries are these: Where possible, the shelf number should be theDewey num- I. Use of location.symbols for each title ber assigned by the 'Library of Congress. ...Where LC does 2. Frequency of correction of iolume holdingsfor open entries not assign a Dewey shelf number,the North Carolina state li- brary would serve as the shelf-numberauthority.' 3. Pattern of see and see also references Further experimentation isnecessarybefore cost fications among them are striking both as to content figures can be accepted as valid. Meanwhile, among and to form. At best the book catalog emerges as published sources, some cost data can be found in cyclical phase in the continuing and elusive searchfor Margaret C Brown's "A Book Catalog at Work";" the American bibliographical dream of standardi- in Book Catalogs, edited by Robert E. Kingeryand zation. Maurice F. Tauber;24 and in The Economics of Book It is recommended, theref4re. that processing cen- Catalog Production, prepared for Stanford University ters and member libraries: Libraries and the Council on LibraryResources, by 1. Re-appraise the percentage ratio ofthe book R. M. Hayes and R. M. Shoffner.25 budget which requires and invites the continua- The Economics of Book Catalog Production fur- tion of some form of local cataloging. nishes its own caveat: 2. Consider cataloging and classifying allmaterials The reader should consider carefully the way in which we whether purchasedthrough thecenter or have made our estimates and the meaning that they havein through the member library or whether received the reader's own circumstances. This report will provide guide lines, but it will not remove the requirements that the reader as gifts, do hard thinking, about his own application." & Formulate a descriptive cataloging policy in conformity with the rules endorsed by American for estimating costs It also includes theorized formulas librarianship. for both manual and mechanized methods.Time/cost estimates for the Stanford UndergraduateLibrary 4. Adopt the latest edition or the latest refinements whether catalog are calculated for these methods:(1) shingle of the classification system being used and photograph Library of Congresscards;(2) that be the Dewey Decimal Classification or the sequential camera; (3) unit record equipment;(4) Library of Congress Classification.* computer system utilizinguppercase,upper and lower 5. Extend responsibility to developing thesyndetic case, and photo-composition.In Appendix E more structure of the card and/or bookcatalog. detailed data on costs of bookcatalog_s are to be 6. Create in each library a liaisonwithone staff found. member who would serve as the "cataloging consultant." OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7. Sponsor workshops on cataloging andclassifica- What can be seen from the informationavailable tion policies of the center, the use of the card/ (including that in Appendix E), is convincingevi- bank catalogs, etc. dence that the transfer from card tobook format is 8. Appraise thoroughly not only the introduction a lengthy andmajor financial investment and that of the ,.wok catalog but also its psychological prolonged Consideration should be given to the prac- deterrent to tinkering with catalog data which tical inconveniences and interruptionsduring the seems irresistible within the 3x5complex. period of change as well as to theanticipated en- during benefits inherent in the bookformat and FO OTNOTES 1. Letter from Mrs. Chibon Bishop, librarian,Crawfordsville program. Public Library to Charl; O'Halloran, State librarianMissouri It is not the concept of the card catalog thatcompels State Library, August 30, 1965. the current movement toward the book catalogbut 2. Letter from Harold R. Jenkins, Director, LancasterFree Public Library, Lancaster, Pa., May 31, 1966. rather the inadequacies long manifested in its struc- 3. Nioga library System, New York, "An AgreementBetween turing and maintenance. The near insurmountable Nioga Library System and Niagara University, for Cataloging and Processing tibrary Materials," June 14, 1 hindrances to standardization, the spiralinggrowth (In Appendix C.) of collections, and the timely appearance oftechnical 4. Ohio State Library, "State Libviry Catalog and Processing of Center," May 1, 1965. equipment with its potential for depth analysis 5. Ibid. Letters from Ruth Hess, Acting State Librarian, Ohio content, intercalation of entries,and rapid output State Library, August 30, 1965; October 11, 1965. 6. Finger Lakes Library System, New York, "Union Catalog seem to magnify momentarily thevirtues of the book Additions and Withdrawals,' from R. Vigeant, Technical Ser- catalog.Nevertheless, if the uniform provision of vices Librarian, August 9, 1963. essential data in book format would lessen each li- Adherence to such rules would create a policy similar to that brarr's absorption in individualistilocal policies, then of the creative cataloging of the Library of Coispeas. It would thereby foster standardization within the centers and encourage the adoption of the book catalog could be viewed as acceptive or minimally adaptive use of Library of Comas another thrust toward standardization and centrali- printed cards. zation.. Inclusion of more Dewey Decimal gasification numbers on printed cards, which it is to be draped will bebased on The book catalog is seemingly a temporary solution, pragmatic usage, prompts this recommendation. See ""DC Prot for even now as such catalogs begin to appear, diversi- ress,' Library Journal, XCI (Jul 1966), 3292.
1 16 Man- respondents to the Missouriquestionnaire, only one 7. Texas State LibraryCentralized Processing Center, book 1/2 (Austin:1965), pp. 47-49. answered no to thequestion, "Do you do any 0. New York State Libraxy,Centralized Processing forthe processing besides cardreproduction?" The centers "Appendix A, Table A-10," blk Libraries of New York S:ste, which" indicated that theydid more, however,differed .10, to the scope oftheir services. 9. Responses extracted fromquee,onnaires distributed to among themselves as e members ofProcessing Centers !or ananticipated report Their responses varied asfollows: "Evaluation of Centers fromViewpoint of Recipienti or tins Libraries," for LibraryTrends, July 1967. Number of centers perftmning services 10. Ibid. Services performed 11. Westby, Barbara,"Commercial CatalogingServices: a Furnishing binders for pamphlets 6 'Directory," LibrarY Journal, LXXXIX(April 1, 1964), 1508-1513. A revision is scheduled by1967.- Including Processing Center, Handbook, book card only 1 12. California State Library 1 Rev. Feb. 1964 (Ssiaamento,1964), "Appendix: January24, 1963 pocket only Worketop Report," p 2. pocket and book card 20 13. New York State Library,Centralized Processing forthe Public Libraries of New YorkState, "Appendix C, Section3," Marking accession number 2 P. 5. 1 14. Included in North CarolinaState Library ProcessingCen- copy number Procedures, January 1, 1960-June30, ownership 12 ter, "Development and 14 pp. 1961," ("Memorandum 9, October 26,1960.") Marking books in any way 18 Orlando, Florida, The Scopeof 15. Book. Processing Center, 22 the Processing Center, August,1965, p. 1. Marking spine in any way 16. Eastern Shore Book ProcessingCenter, Manual. of Instruc- for trade 1963), Using plastic jackets (usually tions and. Procedures, Rev. Sept. 1,1963 (Salisbury, Md.: books with dust jackets) 22 p 11 17. Some data from response toMissouri questionnaire; letters delineate the services.For ex- from Catherine S. Chadwick,Director, Library Services,Ventura Some agreements County and City Library,California, April 11, 1966; April27, ample, the California StateLibrary agrees to: 1966. See also Chadwick, CatherineS., "The Book Catalog Ne Hope for CooperativePrograms," Library Resourcesand Physically process the books,providing ownership marks,call Technical Services, X (Spring 1966),160.163: numbers, plastic jackets, andbook cards and pockets inaccord- 18. Letter from Mrs. Catherine S.Chadwick, Director, Library agreed upon by the majorityof the Library, California, April 1/, ance with the procedures as Services, Ventura County and City group of librariesheretofore referred tot 1961 19. Documentation, Inc., TechnicalProposal fof a Book Cata- Library Processing. Cen- log Program for the PublicLibraries of North Carolina (Be- The North Carolina State thesda; Md.: 1965), pp. 8, 9, 17. ter advises itsmembers that: 20. Ibid., p. 10. Processing includes: 21. ibid., p. 13. Required number of sets of catalogcards 22. Brawn, Margaret C., "A BookCatalog at Work," Library Resources and Technical Services, VIII(Fall 1964), 355. Shelf-list card(s) Two book cards per volume (onewhite, one colored) 23. Ibid., pp. 349.358 Lettering on a spine label 24. Xingery, Robert E. andTauber, Maurice F., eds., Book Catalogs (New York: Scarecrow Press,1964). Data card 25. Stanford 'University Libraries,The Economics of Book Book pocket Catalog Production, by R. M. Hayesabd R. M. Mauer; a Plastic jacket Study Prepared for Stanford UniversityLibraries and the Council left (Sherman Oaks, Calif.: Hughes Dynamics, The shelf-list card will be amain entry form with space on Library Resources pink Inc., Advanced Information SystemDivision, 1964). for the library to insert anyinformation it w'-hes. The 26. Ibid., p. 4. slip of the multiple order form,with prize of book ascl source noted on it, accompanies the bookwhen Wilt delivered. Prop- erty stamping, assigningaccession or copy number to eachbook, as well as addressinformation to the shelf-list card,is( the responsibility of the individuallibrary' CHAPTER XV Processing procedures WITHIN THE CEMIR:PROCESSING Unless too 'many exceptions aremade, the flow of processing steps canproceed (PHYSICAL PREPARATION)OF books through the rapidly if the card sets areprepared at the time of the MATERIALS arrival of the books.If card sets are to beprepared after the arrival of thebcioks, a delay is indicated. INTRODUCTION The following chartillustrates the steps in the process- ing procedures of theNorthern ColoradoProcessing Physical preparationof library materials is aservice Center: of most of theexisting processing centers:Of the 23 117 Flow Chart of Receiving Books c.Print call number on pressure label andfasten to jacket with top M.: number 2inches from base of spine. When letters "R" "N" etc., appear above call number, these shouldbe above the 2 inch line.Labels should not be cut down except when necessary for a singleletter (H, E, Book and invoice received YM). d. Fiction, which has no callnumber, has the If error Pull -.bite and pink slit author's name underlined on the spinewith Snag shelf from order file. Co:rpm:: either white or black inkwhich ever shows up
Letter written best. Pink White. Green i. If the author's name does rot appear onthe ,19 spine it must be written on in ink.i Also Nook Master order- With invoice file for billing title. ii. The author's name is the same namewhich appears on the book pocketand card. IF CARD SETS ARL1 PREPARED IF CARDS SETS ARE NOT PREPARED e. Author's name must also appear onspine of non- fiction. in a Card setsi pulled If too new for If eider publi- f. When there are maps ex other material recataloging ccion, book to pocket in rear of book. Cards placed in books informtion, cataluptt with 3. Discard dust jacket, if itwould interfere books go tc shelves yellow slip Labeltypedand pasted to await catalog with getting material. information. Bork cataloged ii. Make a new pocket which opens to the in- Pocketsand book cards typed side and will not interfere with plastic cover., Book)(messed Catalog copy to typist iii. For especially valuable materials, cataloger Plastic covered may direct that pocket be putin front of Paste pockets Copyproof read, book so it will be readily seen when cir- Sort bylibrety culated. Multillth iv. Cataloger may direct that a label with note Accession reproduction referring to the material be put in front of Record accession no. on catalog card book. v. Stamp ownership and write callnumber on Property. stamp each item in the pocket. Cbecke by administrator a-Put C,,tist racket in plastic cover and fasten to 1 Packed and shipped to libraty with book..' pink slip in, pocket of book. h. Some new books which are poorly bound may Yellow slip is filed in a count of books processed for the current need some mending. month. i.Books with uncut pages will need to be opened. Use bone folder, not any sharp tool. Processing procedures in Nevada.Among the com- Some an books have loose plates which should prehensive outlines of processing procedures isthat be pasted or taped in. of the Nevada State Library CooperativeProcessing 2. Those without dust jackets. procedures a. Paste pockets or "R" sticker, same as (a)above. Center. Though it varies in part from the b. Stamp edges as in (b) above. of other centers, the Nevada outline is hereincluded c.Letter proper sized label, put in proper sized because of its detail: plastic sleeve and iron on spine in same position as (c) above. Cut small label for shigleletters. Nevada State Library Cooperative Processing Center d. Fictionsame as (d) above. Processing Procedures e. If author and/or title do not appear onspine Preliminary Draft* either label or stylus, depending on situation. June 1963 i. Do not stylus if it would require blacking out part of spine. NEW BOOKS ii. Do not make label if iron is not already hot. I.Adult Books. iii. Use discretion as to which will be faster and A. Hard-bound books. which will look best. I. Those with dust jackets. f.Follow (f) above. a. Paste in pocket on thefirst page g.Follow (h) (i) and (j) above. (Exceptions: If the first page is title page, tip-in blank. flyleaf. B. Soft-bound books. If first page has map or chart. ... 1. In general the catalogers will decide whatshould be When it is the same in back and front of done with the various paperlucked books. Nevada book, paste over.If different in back and Collection items will always be either sent to the front, tip-in blank flyleaf. bindery or put in pamphlet binders. Material on If REFERENCE book, paste in Ref. sticker with library science will generally be put in pamphlet call number written on it in black ink. Do not binders. Reference collection material, if it is of a paste on title page or cover up a map.Discard permanent nature will generally be putin pamphlet dust jacket and follow "2" below, for reference binders, unless it is eventually to be bound. books.) 2. Saddle Stitched (single gathering)Pamphlets. b. Stamp all three edges with ownership stamp. a. When not put in a pam binder alabel will be Writing should be right side up when book is ironed on around the back. Hinges will be lying with front cover up. reinforced with plastic tape. * Cited from "Processing Procedures, Preliminary Draft, June b. When put in a pamphlet binder, a square- 1963,"Technical Processing Division, Cooperative Processing backed pamphlet binder will be used and Center, Nevada State Library. squared off so the call number will show on
118 spine. Hinges will be reinforced with plastic Cost of processing within centers tape. Figures on cost of processing orpreparing materials 3. Square - backed pamphlets (several gatherings, either available; however side stap/ed or sewn). for member libraries are rarely a. Wheo not put in pain blinder, alabel will be the recent survey on CentralizedProcessing for the ironed on the spine. Hinges will be reinforced Public Libraries of New York Stateincludes estimates with plastic tape. is from %.229 to b. WI,en put in a pain binder, labels will be ironed from 14 systeas for which the range on for call number, author and title.Hinges $.737. For each of the 14 systems the costs peritem will be reinforced only if it seems necessary. processed, obtained by dividing the totalpreparation II.Juvenile Books. costs by items processed, were: A. Dust Jackets. To prepare I. No dust jacke's or plastic corers are usedfor EASY System item books. (Bus they are saved and sent with the books to CPC member libraries.) 1 5.387 2. Do not use dust jackets or plastic covers if bookis .597 prebound or in publishers reinforced binding if it 2 has a picture cover. 3 .259 3. Paste pockets and stamp the same as adult books. ,4 .229 4. Author's name is underlined on "J's" but not on 5 .238 "Ts" (see I. A. (d) above). 6 .241 5. Exceptions. a. If dust jacket has more space than spineit 7 .266 should be used with a plastic jacket for all "J's' 8 .267 rather than blacking out or making other .4114 changes on the spine. 9 b. If the spine has more space than the dust jacket 10 .426 or jacket would regime changes, do not use 11 .535 dust jacket in cases where it would normally be .275 used. 12 B. Iron on labels, or apply plastic j2ckets as with adult 13 .737 books. 14 .5785 M. General Notes. The responses to the question on the Missouri ques- A. Pasting of pockets. tionnaire concerning estimating both the time and I. Never put on sidewise in a small or oddly shaped cost per volume for the physicalprocessing of books book, it should be cut in the middle. Only one library offered an 2. rockets are pasted on the lower center of the first were uninformative. page which is not the title page. estimaieof $.48 per volume. 3. The author's autograph should not be covered, tip-in a blank leaf if necessary. Names of earlier owners, bookplates, and other writing may be cov- Variations in processing permitted ered. When time permits these markings may be removed. (Unless there are special instructions from Some centers permit slight variations tosatisfy their the cataloger.) members as the following "List of ServicesProvided 4. Care must be taken not to use too rcuch paste, ft For Our. Membership" from the SouthwestMissouri should be applied only to the center ,.)f the pockit so it does not seep out and stick to ate cover. Library Service, Inc., illustrates: B.Lettering. 1.Property stamps to be used by Center to stamp I. All lettering will be 1/4 inch high. pockets: it should read 2. The top edge of adult call numbers and the to edge of juvenile call numbers including the "j' Color (green, black, red, brown) are to be 2 inches from the bottom of the spine of each book. (If a special "cut" is desired, it must be fur- 3. "N", "R ", or "Q" are to be on the next line fit ',NC nished by member library.) the 2 inch line. 4. Books in the rare book collection will have "RC" 2. Center furnishes: as the first line of the call number. The all num- ber is to be attached to the spine bylabel only. a. one book pocket per copyordered The top edge of the label is to be 3 inches from the bottom of the spine. A reference label con- b. one white book card taining call number appears on front of the first leaf of each book. c. one green bookcard 5. No ownership is put on edges of RC books. d. one blue book card 6. When volume numbers and/or dates are to be put (Please check your needs from above list.) on books, they are "put in the center of the spine. Exception: If the volume number or date appears as part of the call number on the cards, itis 3.Pockets will be pasted in front. lettered on the spine as part of the call number. (In time, this exception may become the rule )4 Do not paste pocket.
119 4. An identification number will be stamped on OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS title page, on bock cards, shelf list, and 'pocket. Further details on variations in processing would Do not stoup. be repetitive; however, the following lament from a centralized processing program, to be unidentified, de- 5. Center furnished catalog cards. picts the chaos which can be created if uniformity of shelf list cards details is not adhered to: We agreed to accept all processing idiosyncracies of each in- catalog card sets dividual library. As a result the automation of routines in the preparation of the book itself was virtually impassible. Instead, other variations 18 or more different routines had to be developed. extra author cards A devastating clue to the index of member librarians' concern over the quality of servicefrom the center s order slip may specify° revealed fetriher in titis statement: Center personnel soon found that variations in classification In another center in which the members could not and cataloging might pass unnoticed, but if the book pockets agree upon the color ofthe book cards, three cards, were half an inch out of specified position, aletter would be green, salmon, and white, areincluded with each copy received immediately. of each title. Since such myopic action can only petrify the future while preserving the past even on this level, the Processing within member libraries question of why rather than recommendationswould The variations in services perforwed by centers im- seem more appropriate.Nevertheless the following ply that some member libraries cnrraplete one or more recommendations are offered to member libraries: phases of the processing routines. Information con- 1.Review the purpose, use, and value of each firms also that some members add to or delete the processing routine processing done in the center. Among the comments 2. Eliminate those details which contributeonly are these: to the retention of conformitywith the plst. Add accession number 8. Review circulation procedures and note what Add author's first name on book card and book processing routines could be changed or elimi- pocket nated. Add net price to card 4. Make a critical appraisal of processing services Do not use date due slip provided by the center in which you are con- Like to use F plus 3 letters of author on fiction sidering membership.Should you become a Make a second book card member, accept the center's procedures without Place call number in book change. Sometimes make juvenile book adult and the other 5.If a new center is being formed, participate in way around determining, procedures acceptable to all mem- Write author's last name on fiction bers. Concomitant recommendations to centers: Either the inadequacy of a center in meeting a 1. Review critically all processing decisions and member library's needs or the reluctance of a member procedures. to abandon some of its processing canbe seen in the procedures followed by one member when a book 2. Seek consensus among members. arrives: 3. Having secured a consensus, adhere to the deci- sions. Lacquer book 4. Communicate with members about individual- Stamp accession number on pocket and under call ized variations and their need. no. on verso of title page Trim blurb on book not in plastic jacket and tip 5. Schedule procedural re-evaluations with mem- in book bership at appropriate times. Type accession number on book card FOOTNOTES Type on shelf list:accession number California State Library, "Agreement" with City of Chita, August 9, 1965. age symbol 2. North Carolina State Library Processing Center,"Develop- center initials as source ment and Procedures, January 1, 1960-June 30,1961" (Raleigh, N. C.: 1961), variously paged. 3. "Northern Colorado Processing Center," [A Report pre- date of invoice. pared by Luella Kinnisoni (1962), p. (Mimeegraphed.)
120 4. Duo from Donald W. Johnson, Director, Technical Proc- From Colorado: Northern Colorado Processing Center essing Division/Cooperative Processing Center, Nevada States Delivery is made at the end er each week or more nften Library. books accumulate at the Center. . 5. New York State Library, Centralized Processing for the PubEc Libraries of Mew York State, "Appendix A, Table A-10," From Indiana: Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center p. 18. Shipment by Library Rate ...made at least twice a month, 6. Data from Mr'fAnna Belle Christy, Administrator, South- more often if number of books warrant. west Missouri Library Service, Inc., Bolivar, Missouri. 7. Responses extratted from questionnaires distributed to some From North Carolina: State Libeary Processing Center members of Processing' Centers for an anticipated report on Processed books are shipped to the headquarters library (no "Evaluation of Centers from Viewpoint of Recipient or Co- books will be shipped directly to branches) at least once a operating Libraries," for Library Trends, July 1967. week, or as often as daily if the volume warrants, by mail or ; express.
Receipt procedt,res within ?aember libraries CHAPTER XVI Each member library has a responsibility to main - FROM THE CENTER: DELI /FRY AND Lain an order record as an authoritative guide to out- statkiling orders and orders received. The following 14,1,14.1119.?:,r ''directions, prepared by the Pioneer Library System, New York, for its member libraries enumerates some DELIVERY1 recommended procedures for order records indicating member Delivery of materials from the center to the receipt: library, with the acknowledgment of receiptand pay- full processing pro- I. Make out order record cards for: ment, completes the services in a a.all books ordered on gram. Both method and frequencyof delivery require b. all books ordered on yards. pre-planning and continuing appraisal. 2. Stamp date ordered on all order record cards. 3. File in "Outstanding Orders" file, preferably by since all Doubleday invoices list only title. Methods of delivery 4. Recommenduse different color for each three months Among the factors to be considered in selectingthe period, (e.g., January 1-March 31.) Long outstanding or- method of delivery are:(1) distance from center of ders will be conspicuous in your file, rr you do. 5. When dated packing slip is received, check for orders can- member libraries;(2) environmental factors which celled or out of stock and note same on your order record might impede promptness of delivery, such asclimate, card. Stamp on your order record cards the date RPL re- ceived the Looks. Then you will know those books are in conditions of roads, and terrain; (3) comparative costs Centralized Processing Departments. of methods available in a particular locality;(4) 6. When billing invoice is received from the vendor via U. S. satisfaction of member libraries with condition of ma- mail, check it carefullyglint dated packing slip for any error. If error is found, adjust billing invoice. Pass alot;? terials upon receipt. correct billing invoice to your treasurer for prompt pay- The possible methods of delivery are: (1) by com- ment. Retain dated packing slip for one year, just in case. 7. Whea book arrives, be sure that book belmigs to you. mercial trucking and/or freight services; (2) by mail; Stamp date received on ordei: record card. If catalog cards (3) by parcel post; (4) by railway express or freight; and shelf lis;,. card have been received, order record card (5) by vehicles operated by the center; (6) by vehicles can be destroyed. 8. With the following o IptIons, catalog cards and shelf-list operated by member libraries. In a systems structure cards are now sent in the pocket of the book. a vehicle is a likely methodbecause of the communi- a. Catalog cards and shelf-list cards for reference books are sent separately.(no pocket to put them in) cations maintained with member libraries in other b. Cross reference cards are sent separately a day or two phases of library activity. While some centers use one after the book has been sent. or more methods, a method frequently cited wasby 9. If either catalog cards or shelf. list card are nog received, check item received on order record card and file card be- parcel post, for example: hind order record file, headed by guide card marked From Colorado: Northern Colorado Processing Center "Waiting for Cards"' All shipping is done by parcel post since the postal rate for educational material is relati\,ely inexpensive. Sample of an order record card indicating receipt From Maryland: Eastern Shore Book Processing Center Sample of an order record card indicating receipt: Books are sent by parcel post at Mr :2:y rate or express. ... When a shipment is made the library is sent a shipping state- Date town library Date ordered marry ment by first dm mail. ordered August 6, 1959 Date received at Frequency of delivery RPL (stamped on Date received packing slip) August 27, 1957 Frequency of delivery varies according to volume, Author Duvall( Date received in the general range being from daily to monthly, as town library September. 18, 1957 Ordered prebound the following schedules illustrate: Catalog cards arrived without Roch. News From California: State Library Processing Center shelf-list (SL) cct/r Books are shipped twice a week to member librarietWednes- days and Fridays. ... It helps to know vendor when If book is claim is gent t.0 citHdreu's bc,tk, (MILHarold Hacker) mark "X" on title line,3 I21 Reporting the count of and discrepancies in receipts returns with the notation °Count correct' or 'OK' (if such is the case).If anything is wrong, the library should report by member libraries promptly ,J the Centee with a 'Check sheet' which the Processing Member libraries are requested routinely to inform Center supplies, or any discrepancy in the count of books shipped the center promptly on the status of materials re- may be reportcJ on the receipt that is returned to the Center. ceived. The California State Library Processing Cen- The following comprehensive check list was pre- ter advises ids members that: pared by the Library Services of Missouri for the use Yellow copies of orders are included with each shipment, plus two receipts, onn of which the member library keeps, the other of its members in reporting discrepancies.
TO: Library Services Center of ivlissouri* Dunk lin and Broadway Jefferson City, Missouri! Date of Shipment 111111.---21111A
AUTHOR TITLE WRONG TITLE SUPPLIED ORDERING -WRONG EDITION SUPPLIED mow BINDING SUPPLIED OTHER (Please specify)
ERROR ON CATALOGING CARD --'lease specify) INSUFFICIENT CARDS CATALOGING "Q" OMITTED FROM CLASS. NO. ERROR IN CLASSIFICATION OTHER. (Please specify) ORDERED FOR ADULT COLLECTION hut, CATALOGED FOR JUVENILE
- _ ERROR IN MARKING SPINE POCKET COVERS VALUABLE MATERIAL PROCESSING OTHER (Please specify) INCORRECT CALL NO. FOR ADDED COPY
DISCREPANCY IN COUNT
ORDERED 1 COPIES RECEIVED ORDERED VOLUMES RECEIVED SHIPPED ORDERED RECEIVED BOOKS BELONGING TO ----ANOTHER LIBRARY OTHER (Please specify)
OTHER DIF- Please' speclfy FICULTIES
DATE OF THIS REPORT LIBRARY MAKING REPORT4
iM1011IM "2 Administered by the Missouri State Library as of February 1966.
122 Costs of delivery BILLINGe Data on costs of delivery are not yet readily avail- Billing from centers which include.. orderingis oi able. The Missouri questionnaire aid not include two kinds: (1) for booksordered through the center this service in its question on estimating the average and(2)for processing services.In those centers cost and time spent per volume for eachphase of which process only or distribute catalog cards only, processing. The omission may reflect 'n awareness there is only one billing.In the member library that external environmenial factors inhtuence costs far which completes its ordering but directs that books be more than any other phase of processingand would delivered to the center, the memi,er assumes respon- therefore be less meaningful without accompanying sibility for payment. The center through the dupli- data on distances involved, weight of books delivered, cate invoice may keep the memberlibrary informed of and methods and frequency of delivery. the status of its orders but makes ao follow-up on orders not filled. Some data in Centralized Processing. for the Public Libraries of New York State indicate that for 14 sys- For books ordered through the center tems the range of costs to deliver an item is from A statement of ordering costs may accompany each $.054 to $.376. The cost figures were obtained by c7,i- shipment of books to a member library and/or a viding total delivery costs by items processed. monthly statement may be presented. The bills may To deliver be based on volumes processed rather than on volumes System item received but not yet processed. Billing may be made directly to the member library by the vendor or pub- 1 $.109 lisher or it may be made from the cente'. Payment 2 .072 may be made through the center orindividually to 3 .058 each vendor or publisher by the member library. For 4 .238 example: 5 .085 6 .162 In California: State Library Proec3sing Center 7 .091 8 .059 Invoices 9 .146 1. Invoices are airmailed by Baker & Taylor to theProcessing Center before the shipments of books. 10 .239 11 .376 2. Books are checked against invoices and orderslips at the Processing Center.If any discrepancies occur, such as 12 .144 overages, Fitortages, damape books, wrongeditions or wrong titles, etc., the Procef ing Center prepares aform 13 .1L09 letter to the dealer asking for correction. A copy of the 14 .0545 form letter ...is sent to the member librrry, accompany- ing their copies of the invoice. Observations and recommendations 3. Third copy of invoice is stamped and initialed by the . Processing Center stock clerk who checks in the books: Delivery problems, such as costs, methods, and fre- Received quency, are greatly influenced by external considera- (Date) tions to which the center must respond. Decisions Processing Center cannot be made in vacuo but in awareness of the im- 4. Dealer's invoices are mailed weekly to the member li- pact of such factors.It is recommended, therefore, brnries (generally Thursday). that 6. Reports on 'Books not furnished,' which are often received 1.Environmental factors affecting delivery of mate- with the inv(lices, are forwarded to member libraries after rials be explored fully both by the center and by they have hem pwited to the Processing Center outstand- each member library. . ing order file. 7. Member libraries pay invoices direct to dealer. Any ques- 2. Comparative cost and time studies of methods tion regarding price is handled between member libraries of delivery be made within the radius of the and dealers. center's membereitip. 3. Delivery method or methods more satisfactory Sample of form letter sent to inform dealers of dis- in speed and in care of books and materials take crepancies and to member libraries to inform them of precedence over cost. status of their book orders:
123 Date To the Dealer: Will you please correct the following on INVOICE NO. INVOICE DATE AMOUNT OUR ORDER FILE NO. OUR ORDER DATE OUR LIBRARY AUTHOR TITLE TITLE INCORRECT 2. AUTHOR & TITLE INCORRECT 3. EDITION OR VOLUME INCORRECT 4. INCOMPLETE SHIPMENT 5. BOOK SENT TO US IN ERROR 6. BOOK IMPERFECT, PLEASE REPLACE
70 ERROR IN BILLING 8. Address any inquires to Mrs. Doris Hill, Processing Center. PLEASE INCLUDE OUR ORDER SLIP WITH SHIPMENT CALIFORNIA STATE LIBRARY
In Co2orado: Northern Colorado Processing System In Maryland: Pastern Shore Book Processing Center The cost of books received for each library is billed at the end On the 29th of each month libraries are mailed twocopies of of each month whether or not the books have been processed. their monthl'y statements showing the amount due for books The green multiple order slip is sent for each book billed. purchased and, the amount of the recessing charge. Payment The statement lists each publisher or jobber with the date is due by the 10th of the following month. of each invoice and the total cost of the books for the particu- In Michigan: Wayne Cows, Library System lar library. Payments for books and processing services may be paid annu- ally or semi-annually, as desired. In Indiana: Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center Invoice made on Claim blanks, showing number of copies, The System furnishes each member library with a price with discount, total cost or, books, total cost of process- statement which keeps each informed of its book ing and total invoice. expenditures: the number of copies of a title ordered, the unit list price, the discount price, and the appro- Payment, made from Claims each month after receipt, or as priation balance. The following sample illustrates the other arrangements are made. One check may cover all in- voices held. data forwarded: wow.. c,..mn Stlii ommaaaw ow=va.s lemma= mww.se aosom cwomm. opmo wasasa. WAYNE COUNTY LIBRARY SYSTEM 7 33030 Van Born STATEMENT OF BOOK CHARGES Wayne, Michigan AUGUST 1965 274-2600 722-8000 APPROPRIATION AGENCY BOOK LIST NO. OF UNIT DISCOUNT TOTAL BALANCE NUMBER NUMBER COPIES UST PRICE PRICE
! t 4 ALLEN PAR 5a062.99 .15 l:..4 * 1 .15 .15 1.' 10.00 10.00 10.00 4, 4 1 1 40.00 41400 46.00 4 1 .. 12.00 12.00 12.00 4 t 05 .56 .56 4 1 .35 .30 .30 4 1 .35 .30 .30 4 1 .35 .30 .30 4 1 .35 .30 .30 4 1 .35 .30 .30 1 1 .35 .30 40 4 1? 1 2095 2.80 2.80 124 4 59 2 .45 .45 1.30 each library's total In New York: Pioneer Library System where the cost is a Imoportion of Because P. L. S. is a federation of locallyfinanced libraries, income determined annually. RPL [Rochester Public Library] mustrequire all vendors to For those centers furnishing setsof catalog cards invoice and bill all members individually eventhough they ship all books to RPL. RPL's AcquisitionDepartment stamps only, ii. is necessary to know the totalnumber of sets duplicate copy of invoice with date of receipt atRPL and for - of cards ordered, for example, theGeorgia State Cata- war fis stamped iPV0iCe toordering library. This certifies that books have been received and should be paidfor. If any books log Service informs libraries that: so certified are not receivedby the member library, aclaim be reordered at Catalog cards will be furnished for library bookspurchased (Form 71) should be filed and book will through the State Department of Eexcation if they arerequested MCLS's expense if necessary! on Current book purchase orders.Cost of the serviceis5i per title. A check to cover this cost mustbe- sent with the order. In New York: Southern AdirondackLibrary System Department of Jobbers are instructed to bill librarit individually.Books and The check must be made payable to the State invoices .re sort to the System Headquacters forchecking and Education. processing and then sent on to memker libraries onthe System Additional cards for a title will be available at the rateof one truck delivery. Books will be sent as they arepromsed; in- cent a card 1° voices will be forwarded when all boas onthat invoice have been processed.If member library receives an invoicedi- For full processing service charges only twostatistics rectly from the jobber for books orderedthrough SALS this invoice sNould be sent to SystemsHeadquarters. Member are needed: thenumber of volumes processed and libraries are responsible for payingjobbers directly and the cost per volume for processing. promptly (no later than 4 weeks from receipi.of invoice)! For processing services from the center Billing to member libraries With each shipment of books a memberlibrary is Formal billing is usually made monthly. Included informed of its service charges except in those systems are the charges not oily forbooks ordered but also which offer the services free because offederal and/or for processing as some of the data earlier presented state subsidy. Billing is unnecessaryalso in centers imply. The following samples indicate the simplicity such as the Southwest Missouri Library service,Inc., of the billing record.
Book Processing Center, Oak Park, Illinois North Carolina State Library Processing Center WORTH CAROLINASTATE LIBRARY PROCESSING CENTER RAMON k/
1NVO/CZ DATi -111. INVOICE Ne 536 INVOICX NAMUR r
Gentlemen: L
This is our invoice for the cost of booksand the cataloging and processing of the books indicated on the enclosedforms.
NOOKS PURCHASED Total books shipped this invoice PROCESSING CHARGE Frocemsing ferries charts (0$1.20 each)
Cost of books only
Tool due on this invoice
Simmers ly yours, POMP, SLUM COPY Willi IPATIUDIT
Statements prepared intriplicate 11 sok Processing Center
ramielmaimba"."'". Routines for billing The establishment of w revolving fund from which CPC will . pay dealers' invoices, and then CPC will bill member libraries While routines differ especially in the methods for once a month." parizent, the following outline from the North In the Grand Traverse Area Library Federation, Carolina State Library Processing Center illustrak:es Michigan, the deposit of funds rather than the crea- the gathering of the data necessary for preparing a tion of a revolving _fund has lessened the confusion statement and the procedures to be followed in and relating to payments. In the Federation after payment. Each library deposits its book fund quarterly and purchases A.Statements mailed on the 20th of each month. Statements and the processing fees are charged against the library book fund include total number of books, total processing fee, total balances. Monthly statements are mailed to each library in order cost of books and grand total. to keep them informel as to, their book purchase money on B. Monthly chart totaled (number of boors and prices). hand." C.Green and yellow slips separated, checking identification number of library in the process. D. Number of books counted either from yellow or green OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS slips. Total must agree with monthly chart. Multiplied by 75 cents to obtain processing fee.(Note: Processing The administrative structure of a processing center fee $1.00 as of 1965.) and its relationship to other agencies predetermine E.Tape run from green slips. Total on tape must agree with the policies affecting billing. Whatever the policies monthly chart., This total is the amount for which the library is charged for books. and procedures a rigid adherence to them will lessen F.Processing fee plus cost of books totaled for monthly confusion and expedite payment of encumbrances. statement total. For a full processing program itis recommended, G.Statements made out in triplicate; 2 sent to libraries; 1 lied by Center. therefore, that: H. theclo; sent to the State Library Budget Officer. 1. A pre-deposit of book funds ba made quarterly, I.Record of payments and library paying is sent to the Cen- semi-annually, or annually, by member libraries ter by Fudget Officer.Center's copy is marked "paid," dated, and filed in paid file. so that all payments may be mace from the A journal and an accounts receivable ledger kept by Center. Center. 2. Procedures for keeping member libraries in- K.Yellow slips sent to library to serve as a check list w:th the monthly statement and the pink slips. formed monthly of their expenditures, encum- North Carolina member libraries have been advised brances, and balances be developed. further that: 3. A pre-deposit of processing funds be made quar- terly, semi-annually, or annually so that all fees 1. Payment must correspond exactly with the total amount which appears on the m Rthly statement. could be deducted from it. 2. The figures on your statement must not be changed in 4. Procedures for keeping member librariesin- any way. 3. Payments must be accompanied by the blue copy of your formed monthly of volumes processed, process- invoice and made as promptly as possible. The State Li- ing fees, and balances be developed. brary Budget Officer cannot pay bills until you have done so. a. No payment which exceeds the amount on the state- FOOTNOTES ment can be accepted for further credit. 1. See Chapter XIII, footnote 1. b. No partial payment of a monthly bill can be accepted.I2 2. Pioneer Library System, New York, "Memorandum #1-C," December 1961, "Appendix B," p. 1.(Member libraries wait Shenld it be necessar, to urge promptness in pay- for catalog cards for two weeks before sending in a claim form.) ment, a statement similar to the following made by 3. Ibid., p. 2. 4. Check list from Mrs. Margaret L. D. Shreve, former Ad- the Pioneer Library System, New York, should be ministrator, Library Service ; Center of Missouri, Jefferson City, adequate: Missouri. 5. New York State Library, Centralized Processing for the Member libraries are reminded that they are required to Imy Public Libraries of New York, State, "Appendix A, Table A-10," bills promptly according to the terms of their contrccts. p. 18. PLS recommends that payments be made monthly, either 6. See Chapter XIII, footnote 1. upon receipt of statement from vendor or by listing invoice 7. "Statement of Book Charges," representing data processing, amounts, numbers and dates on the library's voucher." secured from Walter H. Kaiser, County Librarian, Wayne County, Michigan, Library System. Pre-payments to center 8. Pioneer Library System, New York, "Memorandum #1-C," December 1961, p. 3. Accounting responsibilities retained by some mem- 9. Southern Adirondack Library System, New York, "Book ber libraries have caused delays, confusion, and mis- Order Procedure," (1965?). 10. Georgia State Department of Education, Public Library takes not only among the member liLaule6 but also Order Directions, 1965-1966 (Atlanta, Ga.: 1965), p. 1, 3. among vendors and publishers as well. A ready alter- 11. Sample from Lester Stoffel, Librarian. Oak Park Library, Oak Park, Illinois. native is that the center make all payments. In 1965 12. North Carolina State Library Processing Center, '"Memo- the Nevada St, to Library Cooperative Processing. Cen- randum 24, August 11, 1964," p. 1. 13. Pioneer Library System, New York, "Memorandum .4:1-C," ter, aware of the problem, recommended: December 1961, p. 4.
126 14. Letter from Donald W. Johnson, Director, Technical The recommendations have been made forthe State Processing Division/Cooperative Processing Center, Nevada State of Pennsylvania. In another environment they maybe Library, August 10, 1965. ill suited. It is not the intent of this Study thatthey 15. Letter fromMrs.TereseFlaherty,Director,Grand Traverse Area Library Federation, Michigan, September 7, 1965. or any other recommendationsbe superimposed with- out an appraisal similar to that madeof the Philadel- phia District. 'SUMMARY COMMENT Within Part H are to be found general recommen- Prolonged study, of the data on existingprocessing dations, some with alternatives. Amongthem are centers and progra'ms influenceddirectly the conclu- recommendations relating to scope of service,kind of sions of the Feasibility Study, therecommendations membership, and policies and procedures, eachof made to the Philadelphia DistrictLibrary, and the which predetermines the character of acentralized supplementary recommendations for aSlate program. processing program. It is to be hope that imple- Both the conclusions and therecomment4tions eman- mentation of some of these recommendationswill ate from the findings as theyhave been weighed contribute toaccelerating American librarianship against the present and developing needs of the Phila- toward its long-sought g6a1 of standardization and delphia District and for a State program. centralization.
127 APPENDIXES
A. Southeastern PennsylvaniaProcessing Center Feasibility Study.
B. Centralized Processing Programsand/or Centers in the United States.
C. Centralized Processing Programsand/or Centers in the United States:Agreements/Contracts.
D. Black Gold Cooperative Library SystemProcessing Center.
E. Book Catalogs: Cost Data 1111100t4.40.01010006- -xieg 6A±.1fti%[email protected] 4:4eAtem -e&g.aw
APPENDIX A
SOURCES OF DATA FOR FEASIBILITYSTUDY FROM THE MLA- DELPHIA DISTRICT LIBRARIES INBUCKS, DELAWARE, AND MONTGOMERY COUNTIES.
InquiryI:Initial Inquiry Addressed to District Libraries,November 10, 1965.
InquiryII:25 Titles Purchased by Your LibraryDu:ing 1965.
Inquiry Titles Acquired by Your Library ThroughPurchase or Gift During 1965 and 1966. Includes number of libraries holding each title.
Frequency of Citation by 36 Philadelphia DistrictLibraries of the 95 Fiction Titles on Inquiry III.
Frequency of Citation by 36 Philadelphia District Libraries ofthe 161 Nonfiction Titles on Inquiry III.
Frequency of Changes in Classification Numters forNonfiction Titles on Inquiry III by 20 PhiladelphiaDistrict Libraries. Sources of Data for Feasibility Study fromthe Philadelphia District Libraries in Bucks, Delaware, and Montgomery Counties Annual* Inquiry Inquiry Inquiry Report I II III BUCKS Bristol Bristol Free Library Fallsington Fallsington Free Library x Feasterville Lower Southampton Twp. Library Langhorne Langhorne-Middletown Twp. Library x Levittown Bucks County Free Library LowerCounty Center Morrisville Morrisville Free Library Newton Newton Library Company Southampton Southampton Free Library Warminster Warminster Free Library Wrightstown The Village Library of Wrightstown x Yardley Yardley Public Library
DELAWARE Aldan Aldan Community Library x Broomall Marp le Public Library Chester J. Lewis Crozier Library Collingdale Collingdale Public Library Darby Darby Free Library Darby, Upper Upper Darby Sellers Memorial Library Essington Tinicum Memorial Public Library x Folcroft Folcroft Free Library Folsom Ridley Twp. Library Glenolden Darby Twp. Free Library ......
132 Annual Thquiry Inquiry Inquiry Delaware County (continued) Report Glenolden Glenolden Free Library Haverford Haverford Twp. Free Library Lansdowne Lansdowne Public Library Lansdowne East Lansdowne Public Library ...... Lima Middletown Free. Library Marcus Hook Marcus Hook Public Library Media Media Free Library Norwood Norwood Public Library Prospect Park Prospect Park Free Library Ridley Park x Ridley Park Free Library x Sharon Hill Sharon Free Library Springfield Springfield Twp. Library Swarthmore Swarthmore Public Library Wallingford Nether Providence (Helen Kate Furness P. L.) Wayne Memorial Library of Radnor Twp. Yeadon Yeadon Public Library
MONTGOMERY Ardmore Lower Merion Twp. Ardmore Bala-Cynwyd Belmont Bills Gladwynne Ludington Penn Wynne Cheltenham East Cheltenham Free Library Elkins Park (Cheltenham Twp.) Elkins Park Free Library x Flourtown Free Library of Springfield Twp. (no titles) 133 Annual Inquiry Inquiry Inquiry Montgomery County (Continued) Report III Glenside (Cheltenham Twp.) Community Free Library Huntingdon Valley Lower Moreland (Huntingdon Valley L.) Jenkintown Abington Library Society xb Narberth Narberth Community Library Philadelphia Wyndmoor Free Library Roslyn Roslyn Library, Abington Twp. Willow Grove Upper Moreland Free Public Library x. UNIDENTIFIED
0111.11 Totals 88 28 22 37
* Dates vary: calendar year 1964, 1965; fiscalyear 1964/65. a. Received too late for inclusim in InquiryI. b. Received too late for inclusion in InquiryIL c. Received too late for inclusion in Ingeiry
134 Inquiry I Soutkeastax Pam" leamia Process/1geaster leasitility Studs
Mailing address: The Free Library of Philadelphia,Logta Squaze, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Secretary to the Surveyor: Surveyor: DONALD A. RIZCHISAVIN SARAN K. VANN
To:
From: Sarah K. Vann
The present Study is beingundertiken for the PennsylvaniaState L'Lbrary, to determine the with the cooperation of theFree Library of PhiladelrIlia, feasibility of establishing acentralized Processing Centerfor Sov,%eastern Pennsylvania libraries. (ordering, Such a Center, it established,would perform servicesLathe reader cataloging, and processing) andthereby leave more time forthe librarian (librarians) in each library to developand expand srvices tothe reader. facts and to know of the Because it would be helpful tohave available useful because such a Center interest in, aad possiblereadiness for, a Center and to the would depend on voluntaryparticipation, I invite your response accompanying inquiry.
May I thank you frr yourcooperation and assure-youthat each response will receive thoughtful consideration.
Please return by NvupAL.,Merto:
Sarah K. Vann Butler Hall 400 West 119th Street New York, New York 10027
Date: November 10, 1965 ******************
YOUR RESPONSE IN NO WAYOBLIGATES YOU TO PARTICIPATEIN A PROCESSING
CENTER SHOULD ONE BERECOMMENDED IN THE FEASIBILITYSTpDY.
',,135 Inquiiy I
SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY
Inquiry jundisag: Answer only those questions which you want to. Do not be reluctant to return a partially answered response. U3, a check (a/) in answering when appropriate; otherwise record as the questions indicate,for example, "List the selection aids which you use."
************
Part 1. Facts (Su plamenting data on your latest annual report)
Book Selection a. Do you have a written book selection policy? yes no plan to b. List the selection aids which you use:
a. Which one of the aids in question b do you find most useful?
d, have you found the book selection aids yes no furnished through the District Library sometimes Center useful?
e. Ifour answer is other than ps to question d, which ones?
f. Who is responsible for selection?
g. Are you satisfied with your selection program?
h. If your answer is nit to. juartion ,g, why not? Woe verso if mbAssary) inquiry I SPPCFS Imuiry
Nook Collection a, Do you feel that your book collection meets the most of the time needs of your readers? some of the time seldom always
Have yoU compared the titles purchasedby your library with those of: yea no plan to
Neighboring libraries 1111011110 11111111111111111
aggdmrd Catalog for Public LibrariesCatalog, 111111=1111111 411011.11111110
gL.Alag, Free Library ofPhiladelphia 0111111111MMI 1111=1111111/1 Other! GUMMI.*
0. Estimate the of gift books in your total book collection
d. Do your readers know of theinter-library loan yes no service which supplements the bookcollection? don't know
e. If your answer is zgg, to questiond, (1) How many titles were borrowed in 1964? (2) From what sources?
Wean. monthly a. How often do you order books? weekly other (designate)
or b. Estimate the number of hours spent hours per week in ordering hours per month
c.List the most reliablevendor/ vendors with whom you deal:
d. What discount doyou usually get from vendors: Fiction ONIINDJ
Non-fiction OWIONN00101 no e. Is there a localbuckstore from whom you yes order hocks?
What discount isoffered? 137 Inquiry I
SPPCFS Inouirz 3
Ordering (Continued)
f. How many standing orders do you have for: (1) Periodicals (2) Annuals (3) Books in series
How leifig does it usually take from di7s weeks date of order to date of receipt months of a book? other
.Hook budget Year 1960 Year 1964 Amount spent ror: Titles new to your library pnplientes and replacements Periodicals Newspapers Other
Total $
Are you satisfied with your ordering procedures? yes no
If your answer is :alto question 14 why not? (Use verso if necessary)
k. If available, please attach a sample order card and/Or order sheet
138 Inquiry I
SPPCFS- 4
Invai i r. .,
Cataltgine and Classification a. Which of the following do you use: Use Do not use
Dewey DeciMal Classification Ed. 0111111111.11
cutter numbers 01111111P
Initial letters of authors instead 11111111111011 of Cutter Sears Ed. LC Subject Headings Ed. b. Do you buy printed cards? yes no If your answer is na (1) From what source? (2) For what` % of titles are they available? (3) Do you usually accept them without change? c. Do you have a written cataloging and classification police;' yes no (If your answer is nil would you be willing to lend a copy of it which would be returned to you?) :areammon no,.,
What is your rule for author entry: Name as it appears on title-page Real name if known Entry as taker from Catalog of Books, Free Library of Philadelphia Other
How long dose it generally take, days , weeks omittine best sellers and books in months imudidsLicAndsn to make a. book other available to the public after it reaches the library?
f. Estimate the number of hours spent': hours per week_,,:tor in cataloging and classification' -hodrs per month' g Are you satisfied with your cataloging Yee no and classification procedures?
h. If your answer is ugto question o why not? (Use verso ifnecessary)
Please attach a sample card whichillus- trates your cataloging of: Cl) a non-fiction title (2) a fiction title 139 Inquiry I
SPPCFS Inquiry,
IMASCIALVAM weekly a. How often are catalog cards filed? 111101111111111111111M monthly 411111111111111111M as time permits b. Do you includes yes no
Subject heading cards 111101101111 1/1/110/1111/10
See references 41011111111, 11111111111111111
See also references 111110111111 1111111111111111 c. Do you feel that the use made of the yes no card catalog justifies the time undecided involved in its asking?
Do you keep the Catalog of Books, Free Yee no Library of Philadelphia, near the card catalog for use by readers? If your answer is HQ, where is it kept?
Propeesing a. Do friends and/Or volunteers assist in 'yes no typing cards and preparing the books for circulation or reference? b. If your answer Is ygg to question go list the specific tasks performed:
eigNIstimillM11111011.0112.1p,
...N.Nagmaiiimmimamoimosmaggimmossaimmmisigaisiamasilis
no c. Do you think it would be helpful to have Yee 0111111111111111- 111111110.10 those tasks (services) done at a Processing Center? d. If your answer is tato question go why not? Oil verso if necessary)
e. Estimaim the number of hours spent in processing by (1) friends and /or volunteers hours per week , or hours per month
(2) the library staff hours per week or hours per month
140 Inquiry I
SPPCPS LW= - 6
Part II. Personal views
A. Would you be willing to explbre thepossible establishment of a centralized processing ..venterwhich would encompass: (1) Ordering (This does not include book selection) yes no Cataloging and Classification Processing
9.r. (2) Cataloging and Classification no erocessing
If your- answer is lsz please anst-rthe following:
Ordering:Would you be willing to yes no a. Transfer order responsibilities tothe Center (This does not include book selection)
11111111111111 b. Adept discounts as offered throughthe Center ININI11111111111111111
Allocate a % of your total budget forordering 11111111111111111111 111111141111111111111 books through the Center d. Accept uniform ordering procedures e. Work out a program for payment
(1) Through deposits at Center 4111111010111/0 111111111111111111111 (2) Within each library
f. Help synchronize orders-of the same titlewhen 1111111111111. aimermr possible through use of similar selectionaids bIgludiALJEELIAAggingfitiM Would you be willing to
a. Consider a uniform policy.for cataloging and classification
b. Consider a uniform policywi'411 these exceptions: 11110011111.111 Entry Descriptive cataloging Classification numbers %%Neat headings Cutter numbers Other:
Receive cards with subject headings aswell Alt 1111111111111011111 me &,4, and See alqo referencesfrom the Center
d. Receive cards with subject headings but 111111111111111111111110 1011111111111111 maintain own subject heading pattern of alt and las2,ftreferences 141 InqUiInquiry' I
SPPCFS 7
.
Cataloaing and Classification: (Continued)
yes . no e. Accept a method of card re. appropriate
for multiple. reproduction(Multilith, for example) Jr . 610111/MININ f. Accept a book catalog containing your holdings rather than continue to maintain a 042.0 catalog. g. Pay for the service at a price reflecting a.fair proportion of total budget of Center h. Urge the State Library to share the cost Of'a Center r Erscessine: Would you be willing to a. Make changes in some ways, such as placement of book pocket, to achieve uniformity
b. Make changes with these exceptions: 111111111111111111111111 Book order information
Accession number 11111111.11, Data on book card Book pocket Placement of classification number Cutter nun her Book number other than Cutter Identification marks Other:
but not c. Add data necessary in your own library . imur miumer considered essential by others
d. Use a uniform system oflettering
e. Use uniform supplies disinimm
B. If a Processing Center were recommended asfeasible, would you be willing to discuss theadvantages and dis- advantages of centralized, processing with,the governing
body (Board of Trustees) of yourlibrary? .11.0080.0 Why? Why not? Oise verso if necessary)
142 Inquiry I
SPEWS - 8
C. If your answer to questions A and B is n24 please enumerate your objections to participating in acentralized Processing Center.
*********
Name:
Library:
Date:
14-S Inquiry II
SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY
To: Those Libraries which thoughtfully responded to the lawn, dated November 10, 1965, concerning the Feasibility Study tram: Sarah K. Vann9 Surveyor
Re: 25 Titles Purchased by your Library during 1965
Would you be kind enough, please, to list 25 titles (including fiction and non -fiction) pUblished in 1965 and purchased by your library.I am not asking for a detailwi study, but from your knowledge of last year's activities will you select those titles which seem to be of value to your collection, or which have beenpopular with your readers*
Directions:
a. Ube copyright date of 1965 rather than imprint date if there is a difference between the dates.
Arrange titles alphabetically by Au, thbr. Add Title, Publisher, and Classification Number for each. Classifi- Author Title Publisher cation so.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. Inquiry 11
SPPCFS 25 Titles
Classify, cation 1114 Author Title Publisher
L4. millummemoialmo. 11.11=1111111WII
L5.
L6.
L7.
L8.
L9. wwwwilawwWsk-wrallamIsmivallawmal
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. * ** * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * *
composite list of titles When the lists have beenreturned to me I will make up a checking will reported and it will be sent to youfor checking. The results of this in then give us acme indicationof the duplication of booksand classification numbers the District. Feasibility Study. MayIthank you for your cooperation andcontinuing interest in the
Please return no later than April 4. 1966 to:
Sarah K. Vann Butler Hall 400 West 119th Street New York, N. Y. 10027
Dates March 22, 1966
145 Inquiry III
SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PROCESSING CiNTF2FEASIBILITY STUDY
To: The Philadelphia District Libraries From: Sarah K. Vann, Surveyor Re: Titles acquired by your library throughpurchtime or gift during 1% and 1966
Would you be kind enough, please, to checkthose titles on this list which are now in your library so that it will be possible tohave some indication of the duplica tion of titles among the District Libraries. This composite list of 257 titles reflects theselection of 25 titles,, either for their value to the collection or for their popularitywith readers.They were suggested by those libraries which responded blthto the SPPCFS Inquiry, dated November 10, 1965, and to the request for 25 titlespurchased in 1965, dated March 22, 1966.(Note:Though the original request suggested that the titlesbe published in 1965, some appeared earlier.One 1966 title is included.Some of the titles appeared on more than one list). We are enclosing two copies of the checklist.You may wish to keep one for your own files.This will be the final questionnaire you willbe asked to complete for the Feasibility Study.May I thank you for your generouscooperation and continuing interest. Please return your checked list no later than liasy2L)_th to: Sarah K. Vann Butler Hall 400 West 119th Street New York, New York 10027
414141401**41414144141414140*Micarh***-Ii4H14Hi4HHHPA**
Directions: a.Please check (.')on the appropriateline in the column, Library,ft if the title is in your library. b.If your author entry does not agreewith that on the list, please indicate the ftatry you have used.(Surnames only have been given except whennecessary). c.If your classification number varies, eitherfor fiction or for nonfiction, please write your classification number tothe right of the classification number on the list.
4141414HHHI-X-IHEM41*
Date: May6,1966
146. FICTION (Including mysteries, adult and juvenile titles)
Author Title In Library 1. Bassani Garden of the Finzi-Continis Held by 16 2. Becker A covenant with death Held by 25 3. %Bow Herzog Held by 29 4. Best American short stories, 1954,edited by Martha Foley Held by 23 S. Fifty best short stories, 1915-1965, edited byMartha Foley.. Held by 10 6. Bishop Little league stepson .Held by 7 7. Boll Absent without leave . Held by 8 8. Boll The clown Held by 10 9. Bryan I' S Wilkinson Held by 24 10. Buck Death in the castle Held by 21 11. Caldwell A pillar of iron Held by 27 12. Calisher Journal from Ellipsia Held by 9 13. Canaway Crews in a green tree Held by 10 14. Carroll The road grows strange Held by 12 15. Carter Full fathom five Held by 25 16. Cavanna Mystery at Love's creek Held by 17 17. Cheever The brigadier and the golf widow Held by 20 18. Cunningham *0 O .....Dorp dead Held by 14 19. Deighton Funeral in Berlin Held by 22 20. Duggan Count Bohemond Held by 16 21. Du Manlier The flight of the falcon Held by 28 22. Fisher Mountain man Held by 10 23. Fitzhugh Long secret Held by 11 24. Fleming The .man with the golden gun Held by 26 25. Ford The liberation of Lord Byron Jones Held by 13 26. Fowle,, The magus Held by 29 27. Gardner Case of the troubled trustee Held by 11 28. Gaskin File on Devlin Held by 13 29. Geisel Fox in socks, by Dr. Seuss Held by 18 30. George My side of the mountain Held by 9 31. Gerson The slender reed Held by 18 32. Gordon The rabbi Held by 26 33. Grass Dog years Held by 16 34, Greene The comedians Held by 33 35. Halley Hotel Held by 30 36. Hall The Quiller memorandum Held by 15 37. Hammond-Inns The Strode venturer Held by 19 38. Hazzard The evening of the holiday Held by 14 39. Hersey White lotus 40. Heyer Frederica Held by 24 41. Horan The seat of power field by 17 42. Humphrey The Ordways Held by 27 43. Kaufman Up the down staircase Held by 32
147 Author Title In Library 44. Kerouac Descalation angels Held by 4 45. Knebel Night of Camp David Held by 26 46. Knight The dark side Held by 8 47. La Farge The door in the wall Held by 15 48 Le Cane The looking glass war Held by 34 49. Levin The stronghold Held by 16 50. Lofts How far to Bethlehem? Held by 29 51. Longstreet War in the golden weather Held by 12 52. McBain He who hesitates Held by 8 53. McCague The fortune road Held by 3 54. McShane The girl nobody knows Held by 8 55. Mailer An American dream Held by 13 56. Matthiessen At play in the fields of the Land Held by 30 57. Mercer Beyond Bojador Held by 6 58. Michener The source Held by 35 The, far side of the dollar, by Ross McDonald,pseud. Held by 12 59. Millar...... , 60. Moore, B The emperor of the ice-cream Held by 18 61. Moore, J. The waters under the earth Held by 31 62. Mcsie, it The green berets Held by 32 63. Murdoch The red and the green Held by 26 64. Murphy The golden eagle Held by 20 65. Mydans Thomas Held by 22 66. Neville Berries Goodman Held by 12 67. O'Connor . Everything that rises must converge Held by 13 6$. O'Hara The Lockwood concern Held by 29 69. Olsen The Virgin of San Gil Held by 4 70. O'Malley Emergency in the Pyrenees, !)), Ann Bridge, pseud. Held by 18 71. Pease Secret cargo Held by 9 72. Porter The collected stories of. Held by 22 73.Priestly Lost empires Held by 23 74. Queen The fourth side of the triangle Held by 14 75. Ruark The honey badger Held by 29 76. Seton Avalon Held by 30 77. Shaw Voices of a summer day Held by 23 78. Simenon The little saint Held by 14 79. Smith The town in bloom Held by 15 80. Spark The Mandelbaum Gate Held by 24 81. Stewart Airs above the ground Held by 36 82. Stone Those who love Held by 35 83. Stout Royal flush Held by 16 ,,4.Teets The Makepeace experiment Held by 8 85. Traver Laughing whitefish Held by 24 86. Tresselt Hide and seek fog Held by 14 87. Updike Of the farm Held by 24 88. Walker Mallabec Held by 12 89. Waugh Mule on the minaret Held by 19 90. Weir Soap-box derby Held by 3 91. West The ambassador Held by 27 92. Westheimer My sweet Charlie Held by 17 93. Whitney Sea jade Held by 20 94. Wibberley The gales of spring Held by 9 95. Wolff A crack in the sidewalk Held by 15. (96.) Wouk Don't stop the carnival Held by 27 In Library Author Title 1. Do you use Cutter numbers forfiction? 4 yes 32 no 2. If you do not use Cutter numbers,what do you use? 3. Do you use "F" to identify fictiontitles? 23 yes 13 no 4. If not, what do you use? 5. How do you distinguish:fiction for adults fiction for young adults fiction for children easy books forchildren
NONFICTION (Including adult and juvenile titles) In Library Author Title Class no. 1. Aesop Fables, selected and adapted by Louis Untermeyer .j888 Held by. 13 Held by 12 2. Albee Tiny Alice 812 .Held by7 3. Allen, Fred Letters 792.092 4. Anders Fighting generals 923.5 .. .Held by 2 Held by 13 5. Asimov Of time & space & other things 508 The world in 1964 909.82 . .Held by 25 6. Associated Press Bulletin , Held by 6 7. Bagdikiam In the midst of plenty 339 8. Baird The art of the puppet 792 Held by 1 .Held by 6 9. Barry France j914.4.. Held by 27 10. Barzini The Italians 914.5 Held by5 11. Benz Buddhism or communism .294 . .Held by 21 12. Berne Games people play 301.15 Held by 11 13. Berton The comfortable pew 260 808.2 .. .Held by 20 14. The best plays of 1963-1964 The best plays of 1964-1965 .808.2 .Held by 21 15. Held by 4 16. Bishop Questions of travel 811 17. Boorstin The Americans, the national experience .917.3 ....Held by 13 18. Borgmann Language on vacation .793.73 . Held by 3 19. Borland Countryman .818 Held by 10 . .Held by 4 20. Boros Swing easy, hit hard .796.26 21. Breuil Men of the old stone age .571 Held by3 .Held by8 22. Brough "We were five" 920.7.. 23. Brown Manchild in the promised land .B Held by 22 .. .Held by 17 24. Browne The new face of war 959.7 25. Buck The gifts they bring .133.766 .Held by 6 26. Burton Here is England 914.2.. .Held by 15 27. Caidin The greatest challenge 629.4 . Held by 6 28. Capote In cold blood 364.3 ....Held by 34 29. Catton Never call retreat 973.7..Held by 28 30. Carrighar Wild i, ,ritage 591.51 .field by 22 31. Chalmers Hooded i',,mericanisnci 363 Held by 19 32. Charles Left-hank d golf 796.26 . .Held by3 33. Clarr Canada, the uneasy neighbor 320.971 Hcld by 6 34. Colli,3 Is Paris burning? .940.5 ....Held by 32 35. Dali Diary of a genius 759.6.. .Held by 5 36. Davis Yes, I can 792.092 .Held by a 37. Delacato Treatment and prevention of readingproblems.372.4.. .Held by7 .. .Held by 11 38.* Dewey Dewey Decimal Classification, 17th edition 025.4 +1 (in Proc. Center). 149 Author Title Class no. In Library 39. Dewey Dewey Decimal Classification, 9th abridged edition 025.4 . .Held by 9 40. Dillon Meriwether Lewis B Held by 15 41. Dixon The complete book of surfing 797.172 ..Held by 12 42. Dodd The job hunter 331.115 ..Held by 12 43. Doebler Who gets into college-and why 371.214 ..Held by 6 44. Durant The age of Voltaire 901 Held by 22 45.Eden The reckoning B Held by 11 46.Eifert Tall trees and far horizons 581.973..Held by 6 47.Eisenhower Waging peace, 1956-1961 973.919 Held by 19 48.Emerson Poems, selected by J. Donald Adams j811 Held bi 5 49.Fairchild The fashionable savages 646 Held by 11 50.Farago Patton: ordeal and triumph B Held by 15 5LFenton Salt of the earth B Held by 10 52.Fitz Gibbon Life of Dylan Thomas 821 Held by 21 53.Planner Paris journal, 1944.1965 944.082 Held by 7 54.Flexner George Washington B Held by 12 55.Fromme Ability to love 157 Held by 4
56.Gale Research Co Acronyms and initialisms ti 029 Held by 5 57.Gessel Institute School readiness, by Frances Ilg 371.29 Held by 3 53. Glenn's new auto repair manual 629.1.. .Held by 19 59.Golden A little girl is dead 364.3 . .Held by 12 60.Graham World aflame 243 IIeld by 14 61.Gray Explorations in chemistry j542 Held by 5
62.Halberstam The making of a quagmire 959.7 ... Held by7 '63.HammarskjOld Markings 839.78..Held by 32 64.Han, Suyin The crippled tree Held by 19 65.Harper Easter chimes (new rev. ed.) j894 Held by 10 66.Hawkins Stonehenge decoded 913.42 ..Held by 12 67.Hayes A gift of joy 792.092 ..Held by 28 68.Heer After nuclear attack 301.2 ....Held by 1 69.Hege We two alone 266 Held by 2 70.Heimer The new mathematics for parents 511 Held by 20 71.Heller The Jew and his world 296 Held by 2 72.Hofstadter The paranoid style in American politics 320.973 ..Held by7 73.Hooke The seal summer 599.745 ..Held by 8 74.Horan Judo for women 796.81.. .Held by 75.Horne Fall of Paris 944.08 ...Held by 8 76.Howe The gentle Americans 818 Held by 18 77.Jackson Pictorial guide to the planets 523 Held by 7 78.John XXIII, Pope Journal of a soul B Held by 25 79.Kavaler Mushrooms, molds, and miracles 589.2.. .Held by 13 80.Kazantzakes itJGieco 889.1 Held by 19 81.Keats Sheepskin psychosis 378 Held by 21 82.Keller The story of my life B Held by 29 83.Klein Bioluminescense j574.192 Held by 9 84.Kornfeld Doubleday book of interior decorating 747 Held by 10 85.Lamont Day of trinity 623.454 . Held by 21 86.Lasky The ugly Russian 327.47..Held by 23 87.Le Shan How to survive parenthood 649.1 . Held by 10 88.Levant The memoirs of an amnesiac 780.92 .. Held by 18 89.Ley Beyond the solar system 523 Held by 11 90.Li, Dun Jen The ageless Chinese 951 Held by 12
150 Author Title Class no. In Library 91. Lincoln My twelve years With John F. Kennedy B Held by 20 92. Longford Queen Victoria B Held by 22 93. Love The situation in Flushing 917.74 ...Held by 14 94. McCord Mississippi: the long hot summer 323.1 ....Held 'by 6 95. McGinley Sixpence in her shoe 818 Held by 27 96. Merkling The golden horseshoe 782.09...Held by 4 97. Meyer The positive thinkers 131.3 ....Held by 4 98. Miller The stitchery book 746 Held by 9 99. Montgomery A gift of prophecy 133.3 .....Held by 28 100. Morison The Oxford history of the American people 973 Held by 29 101. Morris, J. The presence of Spain 914 Held by 3 102. Morris, R. The peacemakers 973.32 ...Held by 13 103. My 11a1 Report from a Chinese village 309.151..Held by 16 104. Nader Unsafe at any speed 629.1 ....Held by 19 105. Newcomt Two Jima 940.5. ...1141d by 19 106. Newlon, C. The aerospace age dictionary 629.03 ...Held by 2 107. Newlon, C. The fighting Douglas MacArthur 921 Held by 2 108. Nyren A library of literary criticism 810.9 ....Held by 13 109. Oldenbourg Catherine the Great B Held Ily 31 110. Page The day Khrushchev fell 947.085 ..Held by 4 111. Peale Sin, sex and self-control 170 Held by 14 112. Pearson Extraordinary people 920.042 ..Held by 6 113. Penkovskii The Penkovskiy papers .351.74 ...Held by 18 114. Potter Dal s of shame .328.34 ...Held by 8 115. Raleigh The plays of Eugene O'Neill 812 Held 'ay7 116. Randel The Ku Klux Klan 363 Held by 13 1 6. Read A concise history of modern sculpture 735 Held by 10 118. Rickenbacker Fighting the flying circus .940.449 _Held by 12 119. Roy The battle of Dienbienphu .959.7 ....Held by 11 120. Rublowsky Pop art .709.73 ...Held by 4 121. Ruzic The case for going to the moon .629.4 ....Held by 2 122. St. John Roll, Jordan, roll 915.694..Held by 14 123. Sands My shadow ran fast 364.8 ....Held by 25 124. Scheinfela Your heredity and environment .575.1....Held by 14 125. Schlesinger A thousand days B Held by 28 126. "Scipio," pseud. Emcitent Africa . .309.16 ...Held by 1 127. Sears list of sr bject headings, 9th edition .025.33 ...Held by 15 128. Shadegg What happened to Goldwater .s29.01 ...Held by 8 129. 2hultz How many more victims? .364.242 ..Held by 7 130. Silver Mississippi: the dosed society 323.1....Held by 22 131. Sinclair The better half .396 Held by 8 132. Skelton The Vinland map and the Tartar relation 910.9....Held by 8 133. Slater Aly, a tit.zraphy B Held by 7 134. Sorenson Kennedy 973.922 _Held by 28 135. Stepanchev American poetry since 1945 .811.09 ...Held by 9 136. Stevenson The Stevenson wit and wisdom B 'Held by 6 137. Stillman The poet's manual and rhyming dictiomtry 426.6.. ..Held by 4 138. Stirling The wild swan 839.81 ...Held by 13 139. Sullivan We are not alone 523.13 ...Held by 23 140. Taubman The making of the American theatre 792 Held by 10 141. Teale Wandering through winter 574.9 ....Held by 23 142. Terrell U. S. Dept. of Justice j353.5.....Held by 9 143. Tharp Mrs. Jack B Held by 23
161 Author Title Class no, In Library 144. Tuchman The proud tower 909.82 ...Held by 28 145. Turner Practice for the Armed Forces tests (Arco Publishing Co.) 355.07 ...Held by 10 146. U. S. Bureau of the Census .Statistical abstract...(Date: ,...._) 317.3 ....Held by 21 147. U. S. President The inaugural addresses of the American presidents 353.03 ...Held by 9 148. Updike Assorted prose 818 Held by 13 149. Vallee Anatomy of a phenomenon 629.234..Held by .11 150. Veeck The hustler's handbook 796.22 ...Held by 11 151. Warren Who speaks for the Negro? 3234 ....Held by 17 152. Wellard The great Sahara 966.11 ...Held by 10 153. Werstein Tarawa, a battle report j940.5 ....Held by 7 154. Whalen The founding father B Held by 27 155. White The making of the president, 1964 ..e ...... 329.01 ...Held by 30 156. Wilkens A new you j646.7 ....Held by 2 157. Williamson Wall Street made easy 332.6 ....Held by 4 158. The World almanac & book of facts, 1965 317 Held by 32 159. Wyden The overweight society 613.2 ....Held by 11 160. X, Doctor Intern 610 Held by 32 161. Zolotow Stagestruck 792.092..Held by 25 1. Do you use Cutter numbers for nonfiction? 8 yes 26 no no response 2 2. If you do not use Cutter numbers, what do you use? 3. How do you distinguish: nonfiction for adults nonfiction for young adults nonfiction for children
FREQUENCY OF CITATION BY 36 PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT LIBRARIES OF THE 95 FICTION TITLES ON INQUIRY III Frequency of Fiction title no. citation No. of titles Inquiry III 36 1 81 35 2 58, 82 t a 34 1 48 33 1 34 32 2 43, 62 31 1 61 30 3 35, 56, 76 29 5 4, 26, 50, 68, 75 28 1 21 27 4 11, 42, 91, 96 26 4 24, 32, 45, 63 25 2 2, 15 24 5 a, 40, 80, 85, 87 23 3 5, 73, 77 22 8 19, 65, 72 21 1 9 20 3 17, 64, 93 19 2 37, 89 18 4 29, 31, 60, 70 17 3 16, 41, 92 Frequency of . Fiction title no. citation No. of titles Inquiry III 16 5 1,20,33,49,83 15 4 36,47,79,95 14 5 18,38,74,78,86 13 4 25,28,55,67 12 5 14,51,59,68,88 11 2 23,27 10 4 6,10,13,22 9 4 12,30,71,94 8 5 3,46,52,54,84 7 1 r 6 1 57 4 2 44,69 3 2 53, 90
0
FREQUENCY OF CITATION BY 36PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT LIBRARIES OF THE 161 NONFICTION TITLESON INQUIRY III Frequency of Nonfiction title no. citation No. of titles Inquily III 34 1 28 32 4 34, 63, 158, 160 31 1 109 30 1 155 29 2 82, 100 28 6 29, 67, 99, 125, 134, 144 27 3 10, 95, 154 25 4 6, 78, 123, 161 24 1 36 23 4 86, 139, 141, 143
AVIV 5 23, 30, 44, 92, 130 21 6 12, 15, 52,' 81, 85, 146 20 3 14, 70, 91 19 7 31, 47, 58, 64, 80, 104, 105 18 3 76, 88, 113 17 2 24, 151 16 1 103 15 4 26, 40, 50, 127 14 5 60, 93, 111, 122, 124 13 9 1, 5, 17, 79, 102, 108, 116, 138, 148 12 8 2, 41, 42, 54, 59, 66, 90, 118 11 9 13, 38, 45, 49, 89, 119, 149, 150, 159 10 9 19, 51, 65, 84, 87, 117, 140, 145, 152 9 6 39, 83, 98, 135, 142, 147 8 7 22, 73, 75, 114, 128, 131, 1'32
153 Frequency of Nonfiction title no. citation No. of titles Inquiry III 7 10 3,37, 53, 62, 72, 77, 115, 123, 133, 153 e 10 7,9, 25, 27, 33, 43, 46, 94,112,136 5 5 11,35,48,56, 61 4 9 16,20,55,96, 97,110, 120,137, 157 3 6 18,21,32,57, 74,101 2 7 4,69,71,106, 107, 121, 156
1 3 8,68,126
FREQUENCY OF CHANGES IN CLASSIFICATION NUMBERS FOR NONFICTION TITLES ON INQUIRY III by 20 PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT LIBRARIES Nonfiction title Frequency of change no. in classification Inquiry III 14 67 12 36 11 52 10 15,28, 47- 63, 134, 155, 161 9 14,34, 130 8 23,80, 105, 113 7 31,64, 85, 122, 125, 144 6 58,66, 88, 93, 123 5 78,79, 82, 92, 95, 109, 118, 138, .150, 154, 158 4 1,5, 7, 19, 30, 33, 42, 59, 73, 76, 91, 102,114, 116, 140, 147, 149, 152, 160 3 2,3, 6, 11, 13, 22, 25, 26, 35, 40, 41, 43, 44, 50, 65, 83, 89, 96, 103, 104, 112, 117, 129, 132, 141, 143 20,60, 61, 70, 72, 75, 81, 99, 101, 108, 115,145, 146, 148, 151, 153, 159 12,16, 24, 32, 37, 45, 46, 51, 53, 54, 57, 74,77, 97, 100, 120, 121, 127, 128, 136, 137, 156
154 APPENDIX B
CENTRALIZED PROCESSINGPROGRAMSANDIOR CENTERS IN THE UNITEDSTATES
Missouri State Library. Survey of Processing Centers in the UnitedStates, 1965.
Southeastern Pennsylvania Processing CenterFeasibility Study. Letter of Inquiry addressed to CentralizedProcessing Programs and/or Centers, August 5,1965.
Processing Centers and/or Multi-Service Centers.
155 SURVEY OF PROCESSING CENTERS IN THE UNITED STATES
In an effort to improve the quality and service of several cooperativeprocessing centers in the state of Missouri, we are asking the administratorsof the other such center's in the country to give us the benefit of theirexperience and knowl- edge. It would be extremely helpful to us if you 'could answer thequestions below and return the questionnaire to us in the enclosed, stampedenvelope.
1. Name and location of center 1.111=4.It.
AnwlimMiICk.1011GUININO Z. Number of libraries served 3. Types of libraries served 4. Number of volumes processed annually 5. How are catalog cards reproduced?
6. What kinds of cards are produced (Library of Congress, original ) "
7. What is the cost per card? 8. What was the original cost of the equipment used.? 9. What is the cost for maintenance of card reproductionequipment? 10. What, besides basic cataloging, is included on your cards: Classification number? Subject headings? Other?
11. Are there limits on the number of cards or sets of cards which a library may secure? 12. Is your cataloging completely standardized? Do you perform custom work? 13. Are cutter numbers used? 14. Do you undertake special cataloging projects for non-members? 15. What do you consider the principal limitations of your card reproductionequip. ment?
156 16. Do you consider the cards you reproduce permanent? 17. Is your card reproduction equipment adaptable to other uses,and do you con-
sider it likely to be adaptable to future uses?=fmmn....7.1. US.
18. What sort of space requirements does your cardreproduction equipment need?
01111110111111-,MNIN.3 19. Do you do any book processing besides cardreproduction 20. Are pockets and book cards made? 21. Is any pasting done? 22. Are books marked in any way (accession number,ownership, etc. )?
23. Are the spines of your books marked in any way? 24. Do you apply plastic jackets to any books? 25. Which books, if any, are jacketed?
11110110.. Nager ,111.± 26. Do you process non-book material--phonograph records, prints,film, maps?
,11111111INICMLIMM11
.1111MINIMIL 27. Do you do any binding? 28. Do you apply binders to any pamphlets? 29. Do you order books for your members? 30. Do you require that book ordering be done at any certaintine?
31. Are any restrictions placed on member libraries as to ordering?
alainftworrerrirmorsimmftmorliiimorimis. =1=,.11mle
32. Do you do any follow-up on book orders cancelled? 33. If you order for your members, do you bill them for book purchases ordoes the jobber bill the individual library?
157 -3- 34. How is your center supported financially?
35. How did you decide upon this formula for support?
36. Does your method of support provide for increased costs or for the funds nec- essary to improve or expand the processing center ? 37. How are funds for capital expenditures secured?
38. Can one part of your service be purchased without the purchase of all of your service? 39. Are you subsidized in any way from state or federal funds? 40. If you are subsidized, do you consider this subsidy necessary? 4L Why do you consider this necessary?
42. Can you estimate the average cost and time per volume for each phase of your proceiizea. that is, cost and time for ordering, cost and time for card repro- duction, cost and time for physical processing of the books?
43. How is your center constituted legally?
44. If you were able, what would you change in your procedures?
MIONmmbr
4b. How and by whom is your center administered?
158 -4- 46. What do you consider the strengthsand weaknesses ofthis method of opera- tion?
Awnempim
47. Do you considorstandardization of cataloging amongall of your members es- sential or de3irable? 48. Are there methods ofcommunication between thecenter and itsmembers?
49. Do you conduct a continuingevaluation and analysis of yourcenter? How is this done?
SO. Do you attempt to secure newmembers? If so, bow?
51. Do you have plans forfuture growth and developmentof your center?
52. Please describe thephysical facilities and locationof your center
53. Is availability of publictransportation facilitiesimportant to yourcenter's activity? 54. What kinds of peopledo you employ in yourcenter?
What education or technicalskills do they possess?
From: Missouri State Library
159 (MSL8411-65) Statheastent Periffsigooria Process/Hi Cotter Wasik"city Stud
Mailing address: The Free Library of Philadelphia, Logan Square, Philadelphia,Pa. 19103
Ur:Poor t Secretary to the Surveyor: ilemi K. VAAR DONALD A. RucapirANN
Letter of Inquiry addressed to Centralized Processing Programs and/or Centers
ThePennsylvania StateLibrary, in cooperation with the FreeLibrary of Phila delphia, is making a study to determinethe feasibility of creating a centralized processing center to serve the 50small and medium-sized public libraries in the Philadelphia District of Pennsylvania.
Before undertaking theSurvey'within Pennsylvania, it seems imperative toreview the progress others have made. For this reasonwl am writing existingprocessing centers to learn something abouttheir present activities, services, andfinan cial structure, as well as thecircumstances surrounding theircreation. )ay I ask for, if available forconsultation, a Copy of any or all of thefollowing materials relating to your Center: a. Any preliminarystudy or studies which you mayhave made.(If in pliblished form, a citation will beadequate). b.The contracturalagreement madebetween the.Center and the participating libraries. c.Directives, if any havebeen issued, to participating libraries. libraries. d.Manual of procedures within theCenter and/or within participating e. Annual report orreports, if any have been made. Please mail the materials toDonald A. Riechmann, Secretary to theSurveyor, at the above address. The SPE'CFSwill be happy to pay postage and othercharges if you will indicatethe total amount due. Any materialnot available for distribu tion, but available for loan,will be returned to you uponcompletion of the Study or earlier if necessary. Because the results of this portionof the Study should be informativeto many libraries outside the State ofPennsylvania, it is expected that thecompleted Study will be made availablethrough the publishing program ofthe Pennsylvania State Library.
May I thank you for yourcooperation in furnishing materialsfor the Study.
From: Sarah K. Vann Surveyor
Date: August 5, 1965
160 PROCESSING CENTERSAND/OR MULTI-SERVICECENTERS and centers or systems inwhich The following list identifies some centersoffering either processing only the responzes processing is merely one of the services.*The list, arrzt.ngedalphabetically by state, is based on questionnaire distributed by theMissouri State Library in 1965and on the data gatheied in to the nationwide Feasibility Study. (See Appendix Afor the 1965 and 1966 for the SoutheasternPennsylvania Processing Center Study).The list Missouri questionnaire and the initialletter of inquiry distributedfor data for the Feasibility the United States. in no way presumes to be a completelisting of all centralizedprocessing activities throughout of the processing Names only of the centers aregiven though among them boththe scope and the structure making unit and/or sets of cards tototal processing (fromordering to billing responsibilities vary from that of Specific details are to be found with some book selecticu guidancegenerally within the multi-servicecenters). throughout the Final Report of theFeasibility Study.
Place Name of Center ARIZONA Florence Pinal County Free Library CALIFORNIA Processing Center Belmont San Mateo County Library San JoaquinValley.Library System 'Processing Center Fresno Alameda County Library Pleasant Hill Contra Costa Counts' Library and Sacramento State Library: Processing Center Salinas Monterey County Library Santa Rosa North Bay Cooperative LibrarySystem Stockton -San. Joaquin CountyPublic Library Stockton Processing Center Ventura Black Gold Cooperative Library System COLORADO Center Greeley Northern Colorado Processing c/o Well County Library FLORIDA Orlando Library Book Prckessing Center
GEORGIA and Li- Atlanta State Catalog Service, Divisionof Instructional Materials brary Services State Department of Education HAWAII Honolulu State Library ILLINOIS Oak Park Book Processing Center Oak Park Public Library INDIANA Crawfordsville Crawfordsville Purchasing and ProcessingCenter Crawfordsville Public Library Terre Haute Emeline Fairbanks Memorial Library IOWA Jefferson Raccoon Area Processing Center KENTUCKY Frankfort State Library public libraries with branches andneoconsolidated structures, such as the * Omitted are names of consotalated libraries such as large Associatiori, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Mid-Continent Public Library Serv1.::, Independence, Missouri,and the Lower Merlon Library which direct centralized processing programs. 161 LIPIEN1.11.1111111.11MMINIvirleir
Place Name of Center MARYLAND Salisbury Eastern Shore Book Processing Center Wicomico County Library MICHIGAN Lansing State Library Traverse City Grand Traverse Area Library Federation c/o Traverse Public Library Wayne Wayne County Library System MINNESOTA Minneapolis Anoka County Library MISSOURI Bolivar Southwest Missanri Library Service, Inc. Jefferson City State Library: Library Services Center of Missouri MONTANA (From State Library) Great Falls Great Falls Federation of Libraries c/o Great Falls Public Library Libby Northwest Montana Federation of Libraries qo Lincoln County Free Library Miles City Sagebrush Federation of Libraries c/o Miles City Carnegie Public Library NEVADA Carson City State 1:.ibrary: Technical Processing Division/CooperativeProcess- ing Center NEW HAMPSHIRE Concord State Library NEW YORK (Of the 19 Systems, excluding the thrce Systems in New York City, two, the Ramapo-Catskill Library System and the Southern Tier Library System, contract for service with other systems; one, the Mid-Hudson Li- braries contracts with a commercial firm for a book catalog.) Albany Upper Hudson Library Federation Binghamton Four County Library System Buffalo Buffalo and Erie County Public Library Hempstead, L. I. Nassau Library System: Processing Center Ithaca Finger Lakes Library System Jamestown Chatauqua-Cattaraugus Library System Nioga Nioga Library System Patchogue, L. I. Suffolk Cooperative Library System Plattsburg Clinton-Essex-Franklin Library System Rochester Pioneer Library System c/o Rochester Library System Rome Mid-York Library System Saratoga Southern Adirondack Library System Schenectady Mohawk Valley Library Association c/o Schenectady County Public Library Syracuse Onondaga Library System Watertown North Country Library System Yonkers Westchester Library System: Processing Center NORTH CAROLINA Raleigh State Library: Processing Center
162 Name of Center
OHIO Ohio Barnesville Library Service Center of Eastern Columbus State Library OKLAHOMA Processing Section Oklahoma City State Library: Multi-County OREGON Ashland Grants Pass Rogue Valley Library Federation Medford PENNSYLVANIA Doylestown Doylestown District Library Center c/o Bucks County Free Library Johnstown Johnstown District Library Center c/o Cambria Public Library Lancaster Lancaster District Library Center c/o Lancaster Free Public Libraryand Lancaster County Division Washington Washington District Library Center c/o Citizens Library of GreaterWashington TEXAS Austin State Library: Centralized ProcessingCenter WISCONSIN Fennimore Public Library Service Center of SouthwestWisconsin La Crosse La Crosse Public Library (From StateLibrary) 'WYOMING Processing Division Cheyenne State Library: Centralized Purchasing and APPENDIX t
CENTRALIZED PROCESSINGPROGRAMSANDIOR CENTERS IN THEUNITED STATES
Agreements /Contracts Agreements/Contracts of Processing Centers and/or Services California Monterey
AGREEMEN-T
THIS AGREEMENT made andentered into as of the day of July, 1964 by and betweenthe COUNTY OF MONTEREY,here- inafter called "County," and theCITY OF WATSONVILLE, hereinafthr called "City." WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, County and City have heretoforeentered into an agreement forcertain library services, and WHEREAS, County and City desire torescind and terminate said agreement as of the close ofbusiness on the 30th day of June, 1964, and to enter into a newagreement effective July 1, 1964, NOW, THEREFORE, IT ISMUTUALLY AGREED:
1. That that certain agreement entered intoby and between the County ofMonterey and the City of Watsonville, dated May 14, 1962 for thefurnishing of certain library services by County to City ishereby rescinded and terminated as of the closeof business on the 30th day of June,1964. 2.That County will, during the termof this agreement, catalogue, classify, and orocessbooks selected and purchased by City for its library. ThatCounty shall furnish all supplies and materials required by thecataloguing and classifying, and
166 such supplies shall includw piasticjackets. That County shall purchase books on behalf of City, upon theorder of City, and City agrees to pay the invoice. costthereof. That the details of the nature of such cataloguing, classifying,and processing shall be mutually agreed upon by theLibrarian of City and the Librarian of the Monterey County Library.It is understood and agreed that this provision shallapply to books only and not to records, films, pamphlets,and other non-book materials which may be added to the CityLibrary. 3.That City shall pay to County the sumof $1.58 for each individual volumecatalogued, processed, and classified as hereinabove set out,this payment to include book jackets, such payment to be made within 30 daysof receipt of a semi- annual bill by City. 4.That this agreement shall be for one(1) year and shall be automatically renewed each yearunlessterminatedas hereinafter provided. 5.Prior to the beginning of any fiscal year,County reserves the right to notifyCity of an increase or decrease in the amount of compensation to bepaid for its services here- under. Such notice shall be based upon astudy of the cost to County of providing such services.In the event that. County desires to make any change in suchcompensation it shall so notify City in writing and such change shallbecome effective on July 1 following suchnotice.If City agrees to such change this agreement shall be amended accordinglyin writing prior to the effective date of such change.If such amendment is not duly exechted:by City by sucti effective, .date this agreement shall thereupon terminate.. This agreement may be terminated prior to the beginn'i- ing of any .fiscal year by either party' giving 60 days' written notice of termination.. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the,parties hereto have executed- this agreement -by. their:duly' authorized officers as of 4thethe day and year flist hefehiaboie written. ATTEST: cciuNrk: aF ,lobaNTERxy./...,
By Clerk of said'Board 't-Chairman, 'Board'of Supervisors
ATTEST: COY OF WATSONVILLE- *7'..
By, City Clerh Mayor
168' California `.fitate -Library
DBE Contract -#,4853 Ys. AdREEME
THIS AGREEMENT, madeand entered into this' 15th day"of
JUNE I9 by and between the STATEDEPARTMENT OF of, EDUCATION, Division of-LIBRARIES,through its.duly,elected Director
Education, hereinafter called STATE,' and hereinafter called the
Member Library. WITNES.S.ETH the WHEREAS; the library' professionof:: California has recognized service in desirability of cooperattveeffort to improve public, library of, books frr groups centralized ordering,'citalogingand physical processing, of libiaries;'ind
WHEREASi.Section 27054 .(a)of-the .California State EducationCode authorizes the StateDepaitment of Education to contractwith counties, State and agencies cities, or districts withinthis State, agencies of,the services; oil the United States* GOVernmentfor:the-purpose of providing library and
WHEREAS, thestateLibrary under the-provisionsAof Education Code
Section 27054 (b) has set up~ aProcessing Center forthe purposeof
centralizing certain rnutinelibrary functions to achieve moreeffective use a.release of staff of public monies and toafford the individual librartes:
time to'apend'on'suChvalUable services;. .and
WHEREAS the' Member Library ,desires to,wail: itself. of these - by services ralide S."-ter WiditE0W, the MemberLibrary agrees to pay the State for these
ll services..
NOW THEREFORE by virtue of the provisionsof Section 27054 (a)
of the California State Education Cede itis mutually agreed as follows:
A. The State shill perform the following services:
1. Accept orders for the purchase of librarybooks requested
by the Member Library.
2. 'Place said orders witivvendorsrecOmmended by the Book
Dealer Evaluation Committee of theProcessing Center and
agreed upon by the amjority,of the groupof libraries
who are availing themselves ofthe Services providedby
said Processing L.enter
3. Carry on all correspondence withVendors relating to
discrepancies in shipment, billingand all other matters
relative to said orders placedby the State.
4. Receive, 'verify and send invoices .tothe Member Library
for payment.''
5. ReCeive:books:purchesed, by or donh04 tothe Member. Library.
64 Catalog and classify books inaccordance with procedures
44:agreed:upon by the majority of the groupof, Member
-libraries. heretofore referred toand to provide catalog
card tete.
etipola4, pLou4s*D-Autt ovum*,
call numbers, plastic jackets, and400k:cards and .pockets
the procedures, as agreed uponby the . in accOrdance with
majority of the group oflibraries, heretofore referred too
170 11. .The Member Library agrees: Processing Center or have furnished 1. To order through the
directly in Accordance withProcessing Center policy, no
leas that 600 nor more than Apo_ its books during" the termof this contract, fore processing on
behalf.
TO pay a sum of one and40/100 dollar ($1040) for each book ., processed which was ordered orfurnished directly during
the period of this contract asshown by State records.
State to submit invoicesin duplicate to the Member Library.
Said invoices may be submittedmonthly. C:Tt i * mistnal 1 yagreed that either party uponsixty (60) days'
written notice to the other party maycancel this agreement. contain. D. The sheet marked "Fair EmploymentPracUces Addendum"
ing additional terms and conditionsis attached heretoand
by reference incorporatedherein. It is agreedthat the term
"Contractor", as used in saidaddendum, shall bedeemed to
apply to the Member Library.
This agreement is to commence onJuly 11965, and terminate
on June30,.1966.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, thisagreement has beenexecuted in quadrupiicatc by and on behalf of theparties hereto, the day and yearfirst above written.
171 STATE OFCALIFORNIA CITY OF CHICO-
STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION oration
FreDavis Bye. .4.0.1001. A." J. Fiscal Officer. Municipal Building
A ress Authority:Article X, Section ,2,89,. THE -CODE OF .THE CITY OF CHICO, CALIFORNIA, 1958
went.orFinance'
'FAIR EMPLOYMENTPRACTICES ADDENDUM
1. In the performance of this contract, the Contractor will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for. employment because of race, color, re- ligion, ancestry, or national origin. The Contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, color, religion, ancestry, or national origin.. Such action shall include, but not be limited to, the following: employ- ment, upgrading, demotion or transfer; recruitment or recruitment advertising; layoff or termination; rates of payorother forms of compensation; and selection for training, including apprenticeship. The Contractor shall post in conspicuous places, available to employees and applicants for employment, notices to be pro- vided by the State setting forth the provisions of this Fair Employment Practices section.
2. The Contractcr will permit access to his records of employment, employment advertisements, application forms, and other pertinent data and records by the State Fair Employment Practice Commission, or any other agency of the State of California designated by the awarding authority, for the purposes of investigation to ascertain, compliance with the Fair Employment Practices section of this con- tralt.
172 3. Remedies for Willful Violation: The State may determine a vrillfulviolation athe Fair Employ- (a) receipt of a ment Practices provisionto 'have 'octurred upon final judgment having thateffect from, acourt in an action to which Contractor was aparty, or upon'receiptof a written notice from the Fair EmploymentPracticesCommissionthat it,has in- veatigated, and determinedthat the:Contractor hasviolated the Fair EmploymentPractices.Actandhas issued an order,.under Obtained labor COdeSection" 74,26which has become final, or an injunctionunderLabor Code SiOction1429?, linplayment Practices provision, (b) For willfel violation ofthis Fair. the, State shall have the.right 'coterminate this contracteither in whole or in part, and anyloss. or damage sustainedby the State in securing the goods orservices hereunder shall beborne and paid fora by the COntraotorand by hii3 surety underthe performance bond* if any;and the State may deductfrom any moneys due or that thereafter maybecome due to theContractor* the difference between the price named inthe contract and the actualcost there- of to the State.
SP. MEM 3 (4/65)
oSP NORTHERN COLORADO. PROCESS/NC CENTER
CONTRACT
We, the undersigned as officials of the Library, hereby agree to contract with the Northern Colorado Processing Center for theyear, and agree to comply with the following operations of theCenter.
1. The Center Shall order any titles requested fromsources which have been selected by the Board.
2. All books shall be processed accordingto the specifications given in the manual of procedures.
3.. The Center shallmove books through its processes as rapidly as possible and shallarrange for transportation to the individual libraries on a regular schedule.
The participating libraries shall underwrite the budgetof the Center by paying a set price for each book processed.Credit balances will be held inreserve for one (1) year only.They may not be applied against current payments.Any surplus funds above credit balances at the end ofa year shall be kept as a contingency fund; any deficit in current operatingexpenses shall be paid by the participating libraries in proportionto the number of books processed during theyear.
Major equipment, such as, the multilith and typewriters shall be furnished by the Weld County Library and maintained by itexcept for the regular servicing of the multilith. a .----Par-t4e-i-pating--.1-ibrar-4.4.-pay-a--ment.hly-f-ee-t a-cover the-cos -of-equipment- depreeiat-ivelr4teat17.0mrctTivity-und space-.
(I) --The- fee shall.be agreed upon by thb Weld County.Library Board-and the Northern Colorado. Processing Center-Board, sub j ect-to, -review- annually.
The Board of the Center shall have thepower to refuse service to any Ubrary which is delinquent in payment for servicesand books.
7. Statements for charges shall be sent to the participating libraries monthly.
Signatures:
4.1.6.0wayoa~M~INIme014001
dll ,1111.1= ON MIIMMMIIMO,
174 AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE ALBERTSON PUBLIC LIBRARY OF ORLANDO, FLORIDA, AND THE STATE LIBRARY BOARD, STATE OF FLORIDA, FOR OPERATION OF A CENTER FOR THE PURCHASING, CATALOGING AND PROCESSING OF BOOKS
Under the terms of this contract, made this 16thday of October 1964, between the Albertson Public Library Board BrUlTando, Florida, and the State Library Board, State of Florida, it is agreed that:
1. The Albertson Public Library Board, in accordance with the pro- visions of the State Plan for the Further Extension of Library Service:
a. Administer a center for the purchasing, cataloging, and processing of books for public libraries in Florida. Submit to the State Library Board a plan including the annual budget, for the annual operation of said center.
c. Give priority in service to county and regional library systems with which the State Library Board has contracted to assume part of the costs of participating in the center.
d. Submit such reports of expenditures and operations and accept such supervision as the State Library Board may require. 2. The State Library Board, in consideration for services rendered in accordance with the State for the Further Extension of Library Service will: a. Upon receipt of invoices showing the number of volumes pro- cessed for each participating library, reimburse the Albertson Public Library Board for the cost of ordering, cataloging, and processing books as follows: For books purchased and processed on account of libraries with which the State Library B,ard has contracted to assume part of the costs of participation in the center, 65 cents per volume during the first year,50 cents per volume during the second year, and 25 cents per volume during the third year of such participation. Compute the cost per volume in accordance with the pro- visions of Section 5.3 of the State Plan for Further Exten- sion of Library Service.
c. Furnish assistance and supervision as needed to carry out the provisions of said State Plan. d. Upon receipt of invoices showing the number of volumes pro- reimbursecessed on account the of theAlbertson Albertson Public rtn:ior Librax e Boardcost of, ordering, cataloging, and processing books at the rate of 25 cents per volume by the Albertson PublicLibrary Board In witness whereof, the State Library Board and theAlbertson Public Library Board have executed this contract this16thday of October 1964.
Chairmanan, Albertson Public Library ard
Secretary, State Library Board
STATE OF FLORXDA =fan AND EISTCRIOAL 0024313SXON STATE PUN FOR Mg FURTIER E=NSION OF LIBRARY SERVICE
BOOK PROCESSING CENTER AGREE ENT BETWEEN ze,rozatTr1.44=6,..N.LIBRARY AND THE ALBERTSON PUBLIC LIBRARY OF, ORLANDO, ME=
Under the terms of this contract, made this 30th day ofSeptember 4
19, b4 between the C Ytommataagaaaliatatrzatome3,* Library and the Albertson Public Library of Orlando, Florida, it is. agreed that: The ...... ggatzaZaa1;!--pt Library agrees to: as Expend at least 70 of its book budget through theBook Processing Center, and to file a certified copy of the amount of its book budget with the Albertson Public Library by October 35 of each year. b. Accept the established policies of the Center and to participate In the formulation of new policies and declaims. Pay to the Albertson Public Library, in accordance with its estab Udell biuing.procedurs, the per volume cost of prIcessing, as determined anivally by the processing center, :less anypayment made for the Library'saccount by the Libraryad HiStOri0413. CaliadfliCa 2. The Albertson PublicLibrary agrees to: the eetabliebed asPurchase, catalog and processall books according to policies of the centerand the State Planfor the FurtherExtension ot LibraryService.
b.Provide a monthly' statement of booksprocessed to the library. A confirmed invoice will be supplied tothe library when books arrive from the jobber. If the miimmmadtialwraggabialiimmmnr1"1 Library or the Albertson Publio Library wish to terminatethis Processing Center service, writtennotice will be given at least sixmonths before the termination of this contract.
}-tf 7J-. Chairman, Library Board
4:414 bertson C0 brary
117 AGREEMENT FOR THE CATALOGING AND PROCESSING OF LIBRARY BOOKS
`ills Agreement between The Board of Library Directors of the Village of Oak Park, Illinois, hereinafter referred to as Oak Park and The Board of Library Directors of the ____, referred to as subscriber, for the Ordering, Cataloging and Processing of LibraryBooks to be done by the Oak Park Centralized Processing Center, an agency of the Board of Library Directors of the Village of Oak Park, hereinafter referred to as the Center. WITNESSETH: 1. Oak Park agrees" to perform the service of centralized book processing, including the ordering, cataloging and processing of books designated by the subscriber.The service shall consist of ordering books selected by thesubscriber, from a jobber or publisher; furnishing prepared catalog cards;affixing card pockets; preparing check-out cards; affixing plastic jackets;delivering books and car& to the subscriber with an itemized packing slip and billing thesubscriber monthly for books ordered and received at the center plus the monthly processing charge. 2.Oak Park agrees that the subscriber shall have and enjoy =qualified freedom of choice in the selection of books purchased on its behalf.The Center may place purchase orders for such books with any vender of its ownchoosing for the purpose of obtaining maximum discounts or most favorable delivery dates.The subscriber agrees to order and have cataloged and processed not less than 75% of each year tr book budget through the Center, in order to obtain the benefit of lower prices.The subscriber agrees to pay to the Center the actual cost of all books purchased on its behalf at such time and in such manner as required by the Center upon proper billing.The subscriber shall assume liability for the cost of all books ordered through the Center. The subscriber is to receive thobenefit of any reduction in the price of books as a result of volume purchasing.
178 1"he subscriber agrees to payOne and 26/100 Dollars perbook to cover. the services set forth inParagraph 1 during theperiod of Miry 1, April 30, 1966 provided saiditMOUrit does not cover thecost of the backs for which the subscriber isresponsible pursuant toParagraph 2, A paymentof three per cent of eachyear's book budget shallbe made in advance atthe beginning of each fiscal year, thereafterpayments shall be mademonthly as billed, on the basis of the number of backsprocessed atthe above per book rate,and the balance, if any, shall be paid on orbefore April 30th of, each Year.If payments are not made within etxty. daysafter billing, servicewill automaticallybe suspended until such time as payments arepaid. to date.Such suspension ofservice, however, shall not relieve thesubscriber of its obligationsunder this Agreement. book titles and avoid 14 To synchronizesluitiPle cops orders for some high single copy* processingcosts, the Center mayspecify deadline date ontwo weeks notice for designated ordersto be sent by thesubscriber to the Center. If orders for such booktitles are ordered by thesubscriber vithIn a periodof 3(10, er three monthsfollowing the deadline date, an extraproceseing charge of hock-may be charged to thesubscriber at the option ofthe Center in the event additaonal expense in_incurredby the Center, 5.The subscriber agrees tosubmit caters for thepurchase of books on established by the Center.The forms_furaishefity the Center inthe manner to be subscriber agrees to accept the mannerand style of centralisedbook procisetng, including a cataloging andclassification004,asdetermined by the Centerafter consultation with librariansfromlibraries who signed contracts as soon asthe mini= requireientof 65,000 voluneiper year is 'verifist throughthe signing of such contracts;provided, however, iho suchcode shall. becomeeffective unless it approved by a majority of thelibrarians from librarieswho signed contra**. Subsequent changes may beDade bird the Center in thecataloging and classification code, but only s'Iponapproval of a majority of thelibrarians of. all subsoribixe libraries ft, the timeof the change, 6.The Center agrees to ihrnish all supplies needed for thecentralised book processing furnished to the subscriber. 7.Oak Park agrees to pass on to theSubscriber hereunder any benefits due to cost reductions based on the format(estailished by the-Center creditirg the subscribergs accountits share of such savings. 8.The term of this Contract dial be for a periodending April 30, 196, after which Lt shalt beautomatic:id* renewed for a iod of one year and, then* after from year to year upon the same terms andconditions, unlesa written notice of termination is Served persOna3.17 or by mail by oneof the parties hereto upon the other, at least twenty days priorto the renewal date of any year. 9. 'It is understood and agreed by the patioshereto that if the number of books ordered by thesUbscribers through the Cenber shall be less than a minimum requirement of 5,000 volumes per month for aperiod of 90 days then this agreement may beteiminaied at the option of Oak Park. Any monies on depoidt with the Center shall be applied to any 'outstandingobligations of the Center. Any monies remaining shall be repaid to thesubecribers on a pro -rata basis' in accordance with the =mut of their deposit. IN WITNESS 11HEst OP, the Board of Library.Directors of the Village of . Oak Park has caused this agreement toix executed by its Piesident aid attested by its Secretary this dgt of ,19611. 154171t5E---''
IN WITNESS ifIDEREOPthe. Board .of.Library Directors of the has caused this. Agreement to be executedby its
President and attested by its Secretary, this der of .4 19.044 CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL WHEREAS, the Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center, operated by the Crallio- fordsville Public Library, Provides a technical processing service including the or- dering, -classifying, and cataloging and general preparation of books for circulation, available to other Indiana libraries; and WHEREAS, this service can be provided by the Crawfordsville Purchasing and Pro- cessing Center more economically by using trained personnel and by avoidingduplica- tion of efforts and inefficient small-scale operations, and by the purchase of books and materials at maximum 'discounts; and, WIIMIZAZ, this service frees the time of librarians for direct service to the public2 NOW, THEMFORE, in consideration of the foregoing andof mutual covenants here- inafter stated, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. TRE CRAWFORDSVILLE PURCESING. AND PROCESSINGCENTER WILL AGREE TO: a,Order, classify and catalog, prepare books for circulations andship, as ordered by the Library, according to accepted procedures; *' b. Sill the, Library tor this service at a rate of book copieswithoutcatalog cards at 100 less) ordereiCin price' to be based on' actual cost, adjusted annually, and guaranteed to be 110 more than $1«00 per volume..
2« a.Pay the Crawfordssville Purchasing and PrOcessing Center' upon receiptof properly executed claims, 'per book so processed, 'plus cost: of bookspwchas- ed through the Center, lessr--11 discount allowed byagents. b.Notify the Crawfordsville Purchasing and Processing Center upon execution of this agreement the number of books to be processed in , and byJuly -let. the number of books to be procesised der to insure incli="tson in the budget of both -libraries for . 3. This agreement will become effective uponexecution and shall.vontinui in effect until December
4. This agreement' may be renewed before ;hay 1, if :desired.,
IN WITNESS THEREOF, the partieshave,caused this agreement to be executed' this day of
.mwroilDsvnas PUBLIC-I LIBRARY BOARI)
By liceadent lowArnerliarroilloommirmilierrireisriarriiiiiirworroormi..1110101101000611111000101000 MAAR! MAIM
, ; t Ey 4 esident 181 EASTERN SHORE BOOK 'PROCESSING =ITER
CONTRACT
This agreement made and entered into this day of
19 by and between the Board of Trustees of Library
and the Eastern Shore BookProcessingCenter.
THE ;EASTERN SHORE BOOK PROCESSING CENTER AGREES:
1. To empiby thenecessary staffto direct and carry on the work of the Center. To compile the orders from participatinglibraries and route them to the jobbers and publishers offeringthe best price and service, reaognizing thateach participating library shall have and enjoy unqualified freedom of choice in selectionof materials purchased on its behalf. To receive, catalog, and process all books orderedthrough the Center in accordance with accepted library practices. To make shipments of processed books weekly to participating libraries by U. S. mail.
BOARD OF LIBRARY TRUSTEES AGREES:
1 Tospend a minimumof $ of its book budget through the Center.. To pay to the Center a service charge of 75 cents for each book ordered, cataloged, and processed, plus the dealercharge for the cost of each volume; to make such payuents monthly upon receipt of a statement from the Center. To accept the manner and style of centralized processing, including cataloging and classification procedures and the procedures and forms for orderingthathave been established by the Center.
IT IS AGREED BY BOTH PARTIES:.
That this contract shall endure until and may be domedrenewedautomatically for each succeeding fiscal year with such changes in amount of book funds expended and processing charges as may be agreed upon but may be amended subject to agreement of both parties or -torr.inated-brany-paftYWno-tice in writing given not less than 90 days prior to the end of the contract period.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF: these parties have caused this agreement to be executed as of this by and between the THIS AGREMEHT, rAaele this day of 196 , Board of Trustees of theTraverse City PublicLibrary, party of thefirst part, of the Grand and the a member follows: Traverse Area LibraryFederation, a rarty ofthe second part, is as loan to lERFAS, the party of thefirst part has avai.lableat this time for to it by area 1, ',noise some19,000 library books,8,500 at which are furnished the Michigan State Library;and 10,500 owned bythe Federation;500 Recordings; Films on rental basis,$1.00 per showing. and WHEREAS, second party desiresto use use at theaforesaid library books desires to reimbursefirst party for itscosts in servicingthe library and in providing for the acquisitionof additional volumesto be added tothe Grand Traverse Area LibraryFederation collection. TRIREME: ?arty of thesecond part agreesthat it will duringthe life of the this contract, pay tothe party of thefirst part aa or beforeJuly 1, 196, based upon the latest sum of..La....yer capita of itspopulation, per year, federal census. Party of the first part agreesthat from the funds paidto it by second party and other arealibraries it will purchaseand process additionalvolurteas rebind books as needed; to be added tothe book collectionof the Vederation; tc its 'oo fillinterlibrary loan andreference requests;in-service training for librarians. books for The party ofthe first part agrees to purchaseand process new price of the party of thesecond;part at a cost to Elaidparty of the discounted the the books, plus volume, payable within30 days of billing by party of the firstpart. For the payment of 124§.....per month for the maintenance of the library ear, party of the second part will receive visits to the member libraries and professional aid as requested; transportation of book loans between the Traverse City Public Library and the member librazies. This contract shall remain in effect from July 1, 196 through June 30, 196 but may be renewed annually thereafter* in writing, by the mutual action of the parties hereto. it is also agreed between the parties hereto that at the expiration of the term of this contract, or raw renewals thereof, that the volumes which have been purchased by party of ti,e first part for the Grand Traverse Area Library Federation collection shall be divided among the area libraries that have joined into agreements similar to this agreement and in proportion to the all past payments made bir the participating area libraries. First party agrees that it will keep an accounting of all payments made to it by party of the second part and an other area libraries that execute similar agree- ments, and that it will also keep an accounting of all books purchased; that it will loans upon request, to second party here-in and other libraries executing similar agreements, such volumes as it may have available. ts
IN PRESENCE CIF: BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE TRAVERSE art PUBLIC LIBRART
Chairman .00.0100 4.106.6.4. ..0i111161001.110.01.ft OIMMIIIIII41111111111111110 AWN,* mos akallillio
OSMONOMIMOMONOWlealllia0000 AMMINIM1410011.000.1/ **110 ..;1104100111110 MILIiiNNUMOINIMMVOINIONNEVIP Alebh~MAMMOVS0010~000~/*///aN~NOMM CONTRACT
This agreement made and entered into this day of 196 by and between the Board of Trustees of Library, Party of the First Part, and the Library Services Center of Missouri, Party of the Second Part,
TN.: 'H AS MIMS: 1.The Party of the Second Part, in consideration of the promises and undertakings of the Party of the First Part hereinafter set forth, promises and agrees to furnish to the Party of the First Part ordering, cataloging and processing service of books for the library maintained and opere d by the Party of the First Part. 2.The Party of the First Part, in consideration of the promises and undertakings of the Party of the Second Part herein set forth, promises and agrees to order 75c/o of its annual addition of books through the Library Services Center of Missouri and to pay for said serviceas hereinafter provided. 3.It is "tutually understood and agreed that this contract is madeupon the following terms and .conditions: A.This contract shall ontinue in foce and effect unless written notice of the intention to terminate this agreement shall be given by either party to the other on or before the first thy of October ofany year.. In the event notice of intention to terminate shall be given as her progrided, then this contract shall terminateon the 31st do of Devtrbezr £c'Llowing the giving of said notice.This right of termination, however, shall not exist prior to Deceinber 31, 1961. B.The sum to be paid by the Party of the First Part shall be the dealer's charge for the book plus the number of volumes ordered, 2. cataloged and processed by the corporation for theParty of the First
Part multiplied by 73 centsOM)*Such payment shall be made monthly upon presentation of a statement by the Center*
C. It is understood and agreed that ordering service shallconsist of placing an order for materials selected for purchase,that cataloging service shall include the classifying, catalogingand furnishing pe pared catalog cards for the selected books,and that processing selected books shall include pasting cardpockets, pre* paring check-out cards, delivering books and cards tothe Party of the First Part, and such other services inconnection with the receipt and preparation of books for use in the library ofthe Party of the First Part as the Party of the Second Part may from timeto time be able to perform*
D.The execution of this agreement by the parties heretoshall
entitle the Party of the First Part to designate two representatives
as members of the corporation of theLibrary Services Center of
Missouri, which may be either a trustee or a librarian*
3* In the event the Party of the First Part shall, not pay the
MIrequired to be paid within thirty days of the date of billing,
movies 411 automata ally be suspended until such time as said payments are paid to date.However, it is expressly understood and
agreed that such delinauency prior to December 31, 1961, shall not relieve the Party of the First Part of its obligations under this contract* m'm
IN WITNESS IF, the Board of Trustees of has caused these presents to beexecuted by its President andattested by its Secretary, and the LibraryServices Center of Missouri hascaused these pre- ants to be executed byits President and attestedby its Secretary this 196 day of U
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF
Library Attest:
President Secretary
Attests LIBRARY SERVICES CENTEROF MISSOURI
BY Secretary "g."1Wiri dent
187 Cooperative Processing Contract AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT* mads and entered intothis day of
19 by and between Nevada StateLibrary, hereinafter IIMOmmINENINIMIONIIIMPok. referred to as First Party, and_Library, hereinafter referred to as Second Party. WIT NESSUTII:
WHEREAS, pursuant to NRS 378.080 and379.150, the First and SecondParties have established a CooperativeProcessing Center for the following purposes:
(1) To provide to participatinglibraries the benefits of cooperative cataloging service on the basis of shared costs;
public service on the part of (2) To increase the opportunity for greater
librarians and other staff membersthrough release of personnel fromsuch catalog-
ing and processing responsibilities; through (3) To promote efficiency throughwork simplification and economy
larger discounts on the basis ofcentralised purchasing; and
WHEREAS, the First Party isAdlling and prepared to performthe following ocuation of said Cooperative functions and responsibilities,in connection, with the
Processing Center, for and onbehalf of participating libraries; books desired by (1) To accept and place ordersfor purchase of library
participating libraries, and tocatalog and process bookspurchased through such
placement of orders; or desirable (2) To arrange and schedulemeetings which may he deemed necessary discussion of cataloging prob- by participating membersand/or the Center for the from the Center. lems and policies foreffective operation and service
MERESA, the Second Party Isdesirous of and willing toparticipate in the
Cooperative Processing Centers operations, functions,services and cost of said
as hereinabovedescribed and set forth;
188 NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS MUTUALLYUNDERSTOOD AND AGREEDAS FOLLOWS: 1. In accordance with policymutually agreed to byparticipating libraries, and on formsestablished for that purpose,the Second Party agreesto submit to the said Center ordersfor the purchase ofbooks on its behalf bysaid Center, in an approximate amountof $ for the fiscal year19 on a biweekly order schedule. Z. In accordance with policymutually agreed to byparticipating libraries, Second Party agrees that bookselection shall be inconformity with Part III, Book and Nonbook Materials, foundin Nevada Guidelines tothe Use of INTERIM
STANDARDS FOR SMALL PUBLIC LIBRARIESaind PUBLIC LIBRARYSER'V'ICE. 3.The Second Party will attend, orbe represented atmatins as scheduled by the Center, for considerationand discussion of Centerand other-related pro- blems, the number of any suchmeetings not to exceedthree per year. 4. The Second Party will, on orbefore January 1, 19 , payto the First Party, the sum of$ as itscontributive share of the costsof maintenance and operationof said Cooperative ProcessingCenter and the rendition of the above,describedservices to the Second Partyby said Center. 5.The First Party herebyexpressly agrees, in goodfaith, to exercise its best efforts to performand render the services,and to secure andachieve the benefits and advantsges fromoperation, and functioningof said Cooperative Pro- citssing Center, hereinbeforedescribed and set forth, forparticipating libraries, including the Second Party. 6. The First Party willreimburse the Second Partywith Federal funds available under the LibraryServices Cud ConstructionAct in the amount of$ during fiscal 19 to cover costs ofparticipation under theLibrary Services and Construction Act.
185 7. The parties hereto mutually understandthat this agreement shall be deemed to be effective for the period beginningJuly 1, 19 ,and ending
June 30, 19 .
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties 'heretohave hereunto subscribed theirsigna-
tures the date and year first abovewritten.
State Librarian Nevada St is Library
Chairman, Boa:d of Trustees
Library
190 THIS AGREEMENT
Made and entered into this day of December,
19652 by and between
BUFFALO AND ERIE COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY, a domestic
corporation, with head office inthe City of Buffalo,
County of Erie, State of NewYork,
Party of the first part, and
hereinafter known as the "PublicLibrary ",
Party of the second part WITNESETH
WHEREAS, the "Public Library" was granted aprovisional
charter by the Board of Regents ofthe State of New York on the
day of and said "Public Library"having been duly
registered with the Board of Regentsof the State of New York on the
day of and
WHEREAS, the "Public Library" is nowfurnishing library
privileges to the people of the Countyof Erie, New York, pursuant
to a contract with the Buffalo andErie Count Public Librarydated
the day of December, 1964, and
WHEREAS, the Buffalo andErie County Public Library
of Chapter 768 of the was organisedpursuant to the provisions
Laws of 1953 of the State of NewYork, and has received itscharter
191 from the Board of Regents of the State of New York and is authorized
by the provisions of said Chapter' 768 of the Laws of 1953 of the
State of New York to enter into this contract with the "Public
Library":
NOW, THEREFORE
For and in consideration of the mutual covenants
and conditions herein contained, the parties hereto agree as
follows:
FIRST: The "PublicLibrary"will furnish free
library privileges to the people of the County of Erie during
the termof this agreement.
SECOND: The books and pamphlets constituting tho
circulating and reference library of the "Public Library" shall
be loaned in accordance with the ruler and regulations of the
Buffalo and Erie County Public Library in force from time to
time, to any person holding a library card duly issued by the
Buffalo and Erie County Public Library or any other library
within the County of Erie, which; by contract with the Buffalo
and Erie County Public Library, has agreed to furnish library
privileges to the people of the County of Erie. A unpy of
the existing rules and regulations will be delivered to the
"Public Library" with this contract and whenever a change in
said rules and regulations is made a copy of such change will
be delivered to the "Public Library".
THIRD: The "Public Library" will cooperate with
the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library by accepting for return,
under such rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the
Buffalo and Erie County Public Library, books issued by any
192 library within the County of Erie which has, byagreement, contracted with said Buffalo and ErieCounty Public Library to furnish library privileges to the people ofthe County of Erie.
FOURTH: The "Public Library" will cooperatewith
the Buffalo and Erie County PublicLibrary by accepting for return, under such rules and regulations asmaybe promulgated by the
Buffalo and Erie County Public Library,books of said "Public
Library" returned to any librarywithin the County of Erie,
which has, by agreement, contractedwith said Buffalo and Erie
County Public Library to furnishlibrary privileges to the
people of the County of Erie.
FIFTH: The Buffalo and Erie County PublicLibrary
shall furnish to the "Public Library"all books, pamphlets, peilod-
icals, audio-visual and other librarymaterial as may be requisitioned
from time to time during the contractperiod b; the "Public Library"
to the extent of the funds set forthin "ExhibitAOI(Item 207, Books)
and included in the budget of theBuffalo and Erie County PublicLibrary
for such purpose.The Buffalo and Erie County PublicLibrary
shall furnish equipment requisitionedfrom time to time during
the contract period by the"Public Library" to the extent of
the funds sat forth in "Exhibit A"(#200 items, except #207, Books)
and included in the budget of the Buffalo andErie County Public
library and as approved by theBuffalo and Erie County Public
Library Director. The Buffalo and Erie County PublicLibrary
also shall furnish necessary supplies(such as office, janitorial
and electrical supplies) requisitionedfrom time to time during
the contract period by the "PublicLibrary" and as permitted by
the budget of the Buffalo and ErieCounty Public Library and as
193 approved by the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library Director.
All such purchases of books, pamphlets, magazines, library
material and equipment of every nature and description whatsoever
shall become the property of the County of Erie, provided,
however, that the "Public Library" shall have the custody and
use thereof so long as it shall continue torender public library
service to the people of the County of Erie.
SIXTH: The printed books, pamphlets and other
documents constituting the circulating and reference library
of the "Public Library" shall be made available for use and
distribution by the other libraries within the County of tries
which, by agreement with said Buffalo and Erie Comity Public
Library, have contracted to furnish library privileges to the
people of the County of Erie.The loan and use of the aforesaid
books, pamphlets and other documents of the "Public Library"
shell at all times be subject to its decisions, rules and regulations;
and it may accept books from the aforesaid libraries on loan or other-
wise to augment the various services it now renders $ the public.
SEVENTH: The "Public Library" has submitted to
the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library an itemized estimated
budget in the form required by the Buffalo and Erie County Public
Library and the Erie County Budget Director of the sum of money
deemed necessary to meet the expenditures of the "Public Library"
for the calendar ,aar 1966. Such estimate submitted by the
"Public Library" sets forth in detnil all estimated income of
said "Public Library" from all sources.
EIGHTH: The Buffalo and Erie County Public Library
has examined the itemized estimated budget submitted by the "Public
194 Library" as recited in paragraph "Seventh"of this agreement, and has approvedthe sane with modifications, and a summaryof said budget is hereto annexed and made a part ofthisagreement and marked "Exhibit A".
NINTH: The Buffalo and Erie County Public Library elall pay or cause to be paid to the"Public Library" the sum of
in equal. quarterly installi.,ants in advance on January1st, 1966, April 1st,1966, July 1st, 1966 and October 1st, 1966 tobe used for the express purposesset forth in the annexed budget summary("Exhibit A") for the year commencing January 1st,1966 and ending December31, 1966, as specified in budget items#110, Salaries, #111, Wages, and#400, Expenses, with the exceptionof #405.08, RetirementContributions.e It is mutually agreedby the parties hereto that paymentby Erie County to the NewYork State Retirement Fundfor the shall be deducted from the employees of the "Public Library" f amount provided in thebudget of the "Public Library"for such purposes (Item#40FJ.08) in the attached budget. TENTH: Income from endowmentfunds for the year 1966 may be expended by the"Public Library" for any purpose except salaries or wages, and if not soexpended may. be retained by the
"Eublic Library".
ELEVENTH: All transfers of funds withinthe said budget of the"Public Library" shallbe made only after firstobtaining the written approvalof the Buffalo and Erie CountyPublic Library.
TWELFTH: The Comptrcller of the County ofErie and ME; deputies and theDirector of the Buffalo and ErieCounty Public 195 Library and his deputies shell at all times have access to the books, records: and accounts of the "Public Library' for the purpose of examination and audit.
THIRTEENTH: The l3uralo and Erie County Public Library maiysurvey the work of the "Public Library" and may make recommendations
with respect to personnel, book collections, space and scope County
and character of its services to the public so that all the
libraries in the County of Erie will be coordinated, and
duplication of services eliminated.The "Public Library"
shall assist in makingany such survey byfurre.shingnecessary
personnel &id making available its records.No such recommend-
ations, however, shall be enforceable unless accepted and acted
upon by the Board of Trustees of the "Public Library".
FOURTEENTH: Before any vacant position listed in the
"Public Library's" budget under #110, Salaries, shall be filled,
said "Public Library" shall apply to the Director of the Buffalo
and Erie County Public Library for authorization.The Director
of the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library shall, if he deem
it necessary, cause the nature of the position to be investigated
and the "PublicLit:ary" ifrequested, shallprovide alist of the
dutiesorthe position.TheDirector of the Buffalo and Erie County
Public Library shall eithergrantor deny therequest by acertifi.o cats in writing withinten days, provided, however, that in the
event he denies the request, the "Public Library" my appeal to
the Board of Trustees of the Buffalo andErie County Public Library
which may, after a hearing either grant or deny such request. All
persons hereafter appointed to the staff of the "Public Library,.',
or promoted to a higher grade, shall receive for the year covered
196 by this contract the minimumealary of the grade to which appoint- ment or promotion is made except asotherwise provided by the
Buffalo and Erie County Public Library. Howaver, to the extent permitted by law and Civil ServiceRegulations, any employee of
Buffalo and Erie County Public Library, or anylibrary contracting
with the Buffalo and Erie CountyPublic Library, may transferfrom
one library to anotherin the same grade of positionand shall
receive the same salary paidby the former library,including any
earned increments. Prior approval to such aioranafershall be given
in writing by both librariesconcerned and notice thereofgiventot the Director of the Buffalo andErie County Public Library.The
salary rangesforall grades are attached to andmade a part of
this contract and marked "Exhibit A ". The "Public Library"shall
adhere to the salary scale containedin said "Exhibit A" unless permitted todepart therefrom by the Buffaloand Erie County Public
Library. Within five days after the endof each pay period of the
"Public Library', said library shallforward a copy of itspayroll to
the Director of the Buffalo andErie CountyPublic Library.
FIFTEENTH: It is mutually agreed by theparties hereto
that the Buffalo and ErieCounty Public Library shall order,catalogue,
classic;, finish, bind and repairthe books and periodicalsfor use
by the "Public Library".
SIXTEENTH: This contract shall continue inforce for
the calendar year 1966.
THIS AGREEEK is made and executedpursuant to a
resolution of the Board of Trusteesof the Buffalo and ErieCounty
Public Library duly adopted onthe 21st day of October,1965, and
197 New York i3uffalo and Erie county pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Trustees of the "Public Library" duly Adopted on the day of December, 1965. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be execir;:ed by their duly authorized officers and their corporate seals to be hereunto affixed the day and year first above written.
BUrFALO AND ERIE COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
By Chairman of Board of Trustees lommilas Party of First Part
By (L.S.) President, ees Party of Second Part
198 LIBRARY SERVICE CONTRACT
Agreement made between FINGER LAKES LIBRARYSYSTEM (herein called theSystem), and
(herein called Member Library) a (public)(association) library and member of said
System, both corporations chartered bythe Regents of the University of theState
of New York under the Education Law:
The System agrees, to tiro extent ofstaff and facilities available:
1. To provide from time to tine the useof rotating book collections.
2. To purchase, through its centralpurchasing facilities, books and
phonnraph records requested by theMemior Library, the Gist thereof to
be paid by the Member Library. It is expected that such cost pillbe
billed directly to the Member Libraryby the sup?lier, and paid directly
to such supplier.
3. To catalog, classify and preparefor use all books and phonograph
records purchased by or furnished tothe Member Library, including the
provision of appropriate author, titleand subject cards, elasticjackass
for books where fusible, and recordholders for phonograph records,'
4. At the discretion of the System, toprovide mending of books on a
selected basis.
5. To provide periodic deliveryservice of books and materials between
the System headqu'rters and the MemberLibrary.
6. To maintain a union catalog of allmaterials hereafter added in all
libraries of the System.
7. To pay to the Member Library annually,in lieu of the $100.00 grant
now provided udderSection 271 of the Education Law, either$300.00 or
20% of its total expenditures for books,periodicals and binding in the
previous calendar year; whichever is greater. To qualify for the cash
grant, however, the MemberLibrary must meet two conditions:
199 a. the Member Library must be open to the public at least six (6)
hours per week.
b. the Member Library must expend at least $200.00 for books, periodicals
and binding from its own funds; this expenditure to be exclusive of,
and in addition to, the $100.00 in non-fiction books received annually
from the System.
Cash grant funds shall be unrestricted, but it is recommended that they be
used for the purchase of books, if possible.
8. To give to the Member Library annually non-fiction books: to be
selected by the Member Library,of the value of $100.00.
9.. Through its field consultant staff to advise the Member Library
pon request in matters of book selection, weeding of book collections,
improvement of existing services, initiation of new services, library
pubacity, and library management and improvement generally.
10. To conduct at least two system-wide program meetings annually, open
to the staff of the Member Library, on techniques and practices of basic
li7orartmnship, and at least one program meeting annually, open to the
trustees of the Member Library, on the responsibilities and problems of
Library Trustees.
11. To assist the Member Library to obtain needed books or materials from
the System stock, or from other libraries in the System, or from the
New fork State Library.
The Member Library agrees:
1. To accept borrower's cards issued by any member library, bookmobiles
'ieposit station or other public service agency of the System, to be
honored on the same basis applicable to card holders of the Member Library.
2. To furnish to the System insofar as it is 2easible, lists (titles and
200 acquire otherwisethan through authors) of any books whichit may hereafter
the System. collection to othermember libraries ofthe 3. To lend books from its
System on request transmittedthrough Systemheadquarter,.
effort to securecontinued support fromlocal 4. To make every reasonable presently received. funds in an amountequal to or greaterthan the amounts 1965 and thereafter This agreement shallremiin effectiveuntil December 31, by either party on shall continue in effectfrom year to yearunless terminate otherwise mutuallyagreed, at least 60 dayswritten notice tothe other; but unless of the year in whichsuch no suchtermination shall takeeffect until the end notice is given. provided shall be forcalendar years. The cash grants andbook grants herein of the System for lessthan a full If the Member Libraryshall have been a member at the discretionof the calendar year, said grants maybe pro-rated for such year
Board of Trustees of theSystem. caused this Instrument tobe IN WITNESS WHEREOF, theparties hereto have day of signed by their respectiveauthorized officers this
, 19
FINGER LAKES LIBRARY SYSTEM
By President
MEMBER LIBRARY
Title
Revised January 1965
201 NASSAU LIBRARY SYSTEM
CONTRACT
THIS AGREEMENT, made this day of., ,196 "-t, by and between
a library chartered by the Board of
Regents of the University of the State of New York, located at party of the first part, and the NASSAULIBRARY SYSTEM, a cooperative library system chartered by the Beard of Regents of the University of the State of New York, with the
Service Center at Hempstead, New York, party of the second part;
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire tc contract for the exchange of service with the NASSAU LIBRARY SYSTEM,
NOW, THEREFORE, it is mutually agreed by and between the parties herein as follows:
SCOPE OF SERVICES
1. That the NASSAU LIBRARY SYSTEM will maintain a Service Center to furnish the following services to member libraries:
) operation and maintenance of a Union Catalog; coordination
of interlibrary loan of materials throughout the System; securing
of materials for interlibrary loan from other sources when not
available in the System; a regularly scheduled motor delivery
service for interlibrary loans and other materials; b) central reference services, consistingof acquisition and maintenanceof
books and materials purchased inaccordance with the relevant provisions
of the 2r:ideation Law ofthe State of New York for loan tomember libraries
or use bymember library patrons: telephonereference services to member
libraries from the ServiceCenter;
c) children's young adult, andadult consultant services, consistingof assistance
in book selectionthrough scheduling of Look review sessions;publication of
book selection lists for optional useby member libraries; and servicesoutlined
in paragraph 3;
d) audia-visual consultantservices, including maintenance of a 16 ramfilm
collection for loan of films toorganizations within member libraryservice
areas;publication of a film catalog for distributionby member libraries;
and services outlined inparagraph 3;
e) public relations services,consisting of advisory functions, preparationof
booklists for use by memberlibraries; and services outlined in paragraph3;
f) purchasing, catalogingand processing of books for memberlibraries in
accordance withparagraph 4.
2. That thereshall be no charge to anylibrary that is a member of theNASSAU LIBRARY services. Charges for cost of supplies used SYSTEM for any use ofthe Union Catalog or for any of the majority of member libraries;the charge in processing maybe made upon mutual agreement letter addendum to this contractissued by the Sesvico established shall bestated in the form of a result of 'majority agree- Center and indicatingthat the charge setforth has been established as a outlined in paragraph 9shall be-followed if 4the charges ment of memberlibraries. The procedure established are to bechanged.
203 3. That appropriate members of the Service Center staff,if requested to do so, will advise and counsel with party of the first part Concerningits library and/or book acquisitions program in order tohelp it determine how it may improve and increase its services.
4. That the Service Center will purchase, catalogand process books for party of the first part la accordance with the following:
Party of the first port shall have and enjoy unqualifiedfreadorn of
choice in the selection of books to be purchased on itsbehalf.
The Service Center may place purchase orders with any vendor
of its own choosing for the purpose of obtaining maximumdiscounts
and most favorable delivery dates. Party of the first part agrees to
pay the actual costof books purchased in its behalf to the vendor
upon properbilling. Nothing herein shall be construed as a limi-
tation on the right of the party of the first part to buy and process
its own books itself or through agents of its own choosing.However,
it is agreed that records of all non-fiction materials foradult col-
lections purchased separately or received as gifts by party of the
first part will be furnished to the Service Center forinclusion in
the Union catalog.
5. That the services noted above may be withdrawn, curtailed oradded to from time to time as circumstarces require, providedthat the procedure outlined in paragraph 9 shall
followed.
MUTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
6. as That party of the first part will makeavailable to any member library of the
NASSAU LIBRARY SYSTEM any of its circulating books and otherlibrary
materials (except books and materials held under trust agreementt tothe contrary), under such terms and conditions asmutually agreed upon by
member libraries of the NASSAU LIBRARYSYSTEM in accordance with
the procedure for interlibrary loansprescribed in the Code of Service
attachedkneto and made a part hereof.
b) That any hooks, materials or periodicalspurchased by party of the first
port out of trust moneys andappropriately marked as having been so
obtained, shall not come within the purviewof this contract should
it appear to Board of Trustees of partyof the first part that such non-
discretionary use by nonresidents of the area for which it was estab-
lished would violate the terms ofthe will or instrument establishing
said trust.
7. That, Fri lieu of the grantsformerly received by individual libraries from theState of
New York, the NASSAULIBRARY SYSTEM will pay to each of its memberlibraries, including party of the first part,the sum of one hundred dollars(5100.00) annually for each registered library or branch, to be used by partyof the first part for the purchase ofbooks. 8. a) That party of the first part will provide requisiteinformation to enable
party of the second part tokeep records, make reports and furnish such
information to the Commissioner of Education as mayfrom time to time
be required to comply with the requirements ofthe Education Law of
the State of New York and in particular with theregulations of the
Board of Regents of the University of the State ofNew York, to
quolify the NASSAU LIBRARY SYSTEM for State Aid.
b) That both parties will comply with all Regubtionsof the Commis-
sioner of Education, promulgated undersubdivision 6, section 272
of the Education Law, relating to cooperativelibrary systems. 205 9. That party of the second part shall notify member libraries 60 days in advance of any proposed addition, curtailment or termination of any service, or changes in charges for supplies.
Any such changes shall not become effective it' a majority of libraries then members of the
NASSAU LIBRARY SYSTEM file written ob!cctions to said changes within 60 days from the dote of said notification. Party of the second port further agrees to make known to other member libraries a request from a member for such a change.If party of the second part shall certify that sufficient funds are not available, no additional service submitted for consideration by a membe: library shall be instituted.
10. That party of the second part shall:
a) at the annual meeting of the NASSAU LIBRARY SYSTEM,
distribute a summary of receipts and expenditures of its previous
budget compared with budget as originally proposed.
b) distribute to member Library Boarcis a copy of its proposed
budget 30 days prior to its adoption by party of the Second
part, it being agreed that party of the second part has res-
ponsibility for preparation of said budget and allocation of
funds within said budget.
TERMINATION
11. That the term of this contract shall be for a period ending December 31st of each year, and that it shall be renewed foreach subsequent year upon the same terms and condi.,
Hone, unless written notice of termination is served personally or mail by chile of the parties hcreto upon the other at least 60 days prior to the end of the year. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have causedtheft presents to be signed and mailed the day and dote first above written.
By Auflionzedrn--
THE NASSAU LIBRARY SYSTEM
By President .*
PIONEER LIBRARY SYSTEM 1960 CONTRACT
WITNESSETH THIS AGREEMENT, made this day of
1960, by and betweenthegoimmEnguatimmg, a library system established by the Board of Supervisorsof the County of Monroe, chartered by the Board of Regentsof the University of the Stateof New York, with offices at 115 South Avenue,Rochester, Monroe County, New York,party of
he first part, and , a library system established by of the University of A ., chartered by the Board of Regents the State of Ne* York, locatedat , party of the second part. WHEREAS, libraries in Monroe County,Wayne County, Livingston
County, Ontario County and WyomingCounty respectively, have heretofore joined together to formfederated or cooperative library systems, and WHEZEAS, the Boards of Trustees ofsaid library systems have expressed the intention of forming amulti-county federated library sytem to be called the PioneerLibrary System in order to obtainthe benefits of such a system as ?rovidedby law, and WHEREAS, the party (4 thefirst part stands ready to makeavail- able to member libraries of the partyof the second part certain booksand materials on inter-library bandand has entered into a contractwith the 1
City of Rochester whereby theCity of Rochester has agreed to perform centralizei book processing onbehalf of the party of the first partfor the libraries of the partyof the second part and for the purposesof this agreement centralized bookrrocessing is defined as: theordering, cata- loguing, mending and preparationof books for use, and
208 WHEREAS, the partyof the secondpart desires to make available book processing andinter-library to it'ember librariesthe centralized first part. loan serviceoffered by theparty of the of tUe conditions, covenants NOW, THEREFORE,in consideration and pursuant tothe provisions of and agreementshereinafter expressed agreed by and between the Article 5 of theEducation Law, itis mutually parties herein asfollows: contract are contingent upon (1). That theobligations of this service by themember library systems the approvalof the plansof library of Education of the of the PioneerLibrary Systemby the Commissioner State of NowYork. will by contractrequire its member (2). That both parties presently or at any time libraries to permitanyresident of the area served by thePioneer Library Systemto during the periodof this contract by it according toits borrow books andother librarymaterial circulated of his place ofresidence. rules withoutdiscrimination because part agrees to payannually (3). That the partyof the second Five' Hundred Dollars($500.00) to to the partyof the firstpart a sum of Library, the centrallibrary of thePioneer reimburse theRochester Public non-resident borrowers'fees. Library System,for its lossof annual agrees to payannually (4). That the partyof the second part book processingservices to the partyof the first partfor centralized dollar spent by it orby any of its fifty cents(500) for each one the cost, this member libraries onbooks and binding. In determining in direct pur- excludes the amountof money spent bymember libraries binding) that were notprocessed centrally chases ofmaterials (books and by the RochesterPublic Library.
209 (5). That the party of the second part agrees to provide delivery service between its member libraries and the Rochester Public Library for all processed books and all books and materials on inter-library loan.
(6). That the party of the second part agrees to pay annually to the party of the first part twenty cents(200) for each book received by it or any of its member libraries on inter-library loan from the
Rochester Public Library only through the MonroeCounty Library System.
This payment is to be for the purpose of purchasingbooks for the Rochester Public Library which are in demand as aresult of inter-library loan. The party of the second part *further agrees to pay to the Monroe County Library System the cost of personal servicesrequired to process inter-library loans for it and its member libraries. This payment is to be computed on the number of requests for intea- libraryloans made by each system, using percentages in the method ofcalculations.
(7). That the paAy of the second part agrees to pay the full amount owing to the party of the first part under theprovisions of para- graph 4 and 6 hereof for each calendar year on or before July 1st ofthat year and said amount to be based onthe estimated expense for tha calendar year and adjusted for accuracy at theend of said calendar year. The party of the second part agrees to pay the party of thefirst part any balances awing to it from the Orevious calendar year on or before Maylet of the succeeding calendar year. The partysof the first part will credit any valances owing to the partyof the second part hereunder on or after January ist of any year to the account of the party of thesecond part to said year.
(8). That the party of the first part agrees to.furnish all supplies needed for the centralized book processingfurnished to the party of the second part.
210 furnish to the (9). That the party of thefirst patt agrees to party of the second part andto its memberlibraries on inter-library loan such books anc: othermaterials as are availableto it.
(10). That the party of the firstpart agrees that the party of the second part and eachof its member libraries shall have andenjoy unqualified freedom of choice inthe selection of books andperiodicals purchased on its behalf. The party of the firstpart may place purchase orders for such books andperiodicals with any vendor of ita ownchoosing
for the purpose ofobtaining maximum discounts ormost favorable delivery vendor thereof dates. The party of the secondpart agrees to pay to the the actual cost of allbooks and periodicalspurchased on its behalf at such time and in such manner asrequired by the said vendor upon proper
billing.
(11). That the party of the secondpart agrees to submit orders
for the purchase of booksand periodicals on formsin the manner and at
times to be establishedby the party of the firstpart. It further agrePs to accept the manner andstyle of centralized bookprocessing and mending
including cataloguing andclassification system and choiceand quality of materials used asdetermined by the party of thefirst part to submit.
books for mending on aschedule to be establishedby the party of the
first part in conjunctionwith a similar schedulefor the other partic- ipating libraries based onthe relationship of thecurrent book purchases
of each participatinglibrary to total book purchases. and (12). That upon execution thiscontract shall supersede
make null and void anyprevious contract betweenthe parties hereto. period (13). That the term of thiscontract shall be for a
ending. December 31, 1961, afterwhich it shall beautomatically renewed
211 for a period of one year and thereafterfrom year to year upon the same terms and conditions, unless written noticeof termination is served personally or by mail by one of the partieshereto upon the other at least twenty days prior to the renewal dateof any year.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the partieshereto have caused these
presents to be signed and sealed theday and date first above written.
MONROE C!ITNTY LIBRARY SYSTEM
By OMEairman
By
STATE OP NEW YORK ) COUNTY OF ) SS: On'the d ay of 1960, before me, the sub- scriber, personally came to me known, who being by me duly sworn, diddepose and say that he resides in that he is the
of the Board of Trustees of the the library system described in axdwhich executed the above instrument;
that he signed h name hereto by order ofthe Board of Trustees of said Library system, and that saidsystem has no seal.
212 rATE OF NEW YORE3 pliNTY OF MONROE ) 1960, before me, the On the day of being by me bscriber, personally cameCATHERINE BOTT, to me known, who of Rush, that aly sworn, did deposeand say that sheresides in the Town County Library Ye is theChairman of the Board ofTrustees of the Monroe executed the abovein- ystem, the library systemdescribed in and which of Trustees trument; that she signedher name hereto byorder of the Board f said library systemrand that saidsystem has no seal.
213 ONTARIO COOPERATIVE LIBRARYSYSTEM
CONTRACT WITH MEMBER LIBRARIES
WITNESSETH THIS AGREEMENT,madethis day 4*, 19 by and between a public library charteredby the Board of Regents of theUniversity of the State of New York located at party of the first partlandthe Board of Trustees of the OntarioCooperative Library System, acooperative library system established under EducationlaelBotttiork 2Z and chartered bythe Board of Regents of the University of New Yorkparty of the the secondparty WHEREAS the parties hereto desire tocontract for the exchange of services exclusively and the Ontario CoopzrativeLibrary System is in no wayto par- ti4ipate in the management of the physicalproperty of and
WHEREAS the party of the second part has cr isabout to join the Pioneer Librazy System by entering intocontracts ivvith the Monroe CountyLibrary System and the Wayne County Library System to providefor free borrowing privileges to all the residents of the areaserved by the Pioneer LibrarySystem and for the performance of centralized book processingand inter-library loanservices oia behalf of their member librarLess NOW THEREFORE,in consideration of theconditions, covenants and agreements hereinafter expressed,it ismutually agreed by and betweenthe parties heroin tollows: 1.That the obligations of this contract arecontingent upon the approval of the OntarioCooperative Library System Plan by theCommissioner of "Aducation of the State of New Yorkand the receipt oi) &tate aid bythe party of the second part under the provisionsof Section 273 of the EducationLaw.
214 401.111.161
2*That the (party of the first part) min.permit any resident of the areaserved by the Pioneer Library System to borrow booksand other library materialscirculated by it according to its rules withoutdiscrituirr.41on because of hisplace of residence and thatund-m the aforementioned contractswith the Monroe County LibrarySystem and Wayne County Library System any card holderof the may borrowbooks and other library materials directly fromthe Rochester Public Library or anyother library in the Pioneer LibrarySystem under similiar conditions orin accordance with the policy of said library'. 3* That the (arty of the the first part) will makeavailable upon specific requestto any participating lib- rary in the PioneerLibrary System any of its booksand other librarymaterials, except books and materialsheld under trust ag reementsto the contrcryluponsuch terms .and conditions asthe Ontario CooperativeLibrary System shah, prescribefor library loans amongparticipating libraries. 4. That any books,materials,orperiodicals purchased by theMember Libraryout of trust moneys andappropriately marked as havingbeen so obtained, shall riot come within thepurview of this contractshouldit appear to theBoard of Trustees of Member Library thatsuchnon-discretionary use by non-residentsofthe
area forwhich itwas established,wouldviolate the terms of the will orother in- strument establishing saidtrust. to 5.That the Monroe CountyLibrary System has,by contract,agreed the party of nerform centralized book processingand inter -library loanservicesfor
the second part and itsparticipating libraries; that for the purposeofthis agree - and limit centralized bookprocessing is defined as,ordering,cataloging,mending,
preparation of books andperiodicals farm by the librariesof the Ontario Coop- regulations of the Commissionerof erative LibrarySystem in accordance with the 215 education. 6. That the Monroe County Library System has, by contract agreed to furnish all suppliessincluding plastic jacketsyneeded forcentralized book processing and inter-library loan services. 7. That the Ontario. CooperativeLibrary System agrees to pick upand de- liver books from Rochester,New York, to the member librariesof the Ontario Cooper» active Library System iirithconsideration for the requirements of allthe participating libraries in said pia*.
8Ttickt the Ontario County Library System hae,by contract,agreed that member library shall have andenjoy unqualified freedom of choicein the selecti on of books to be purchased on its behalf.TheMonroe County Library System may placeorders with any vendor of its on choosingfor the purposes of obtainingmaximum discounts or most favorabledelivery dates, Member Library agrees to paythe actual cost of books and periodicals purchased onits behalf to the vendor thereofat such time and .in* such manner as required by thesaid vendor upon proper billing.Nothing herein shall be constued as a limitation onthe right of the Library to buy,process and mend its own booksitself or through agents of its ownchoosing.How- eversit is agreed that records of allbooks purchased separately orreceived as gifts by the Library will be Atrnished to theMonroe County Lib- rary System. 9. That the Member Library agreesto submit orders for purchase on forms in the manner and attimes to be established by the MbnroeCounty Library Sys. tem, and agrees to accept the mannerand style of centralized bookprocessing/includ- ing cataloging and classificationsystem and choice and quality ofmaterials usedsas determined by the Monroe CountyLibrary Systemsand to submit books formending on a schedule to be established by theOntario Cooperative Library Systemin conjunction nith a sizniliar schedule for theother participating libraries based onthe relation- ship of the current book purchaser,of each participating library tototal book purch- atlas. under the=trailed plan,
216 counsel with L0. That the Ontario Coug ltyLibrary System. will advise and
MemberLibrary concerning its library programand book selections andcooperate with it to improve and increase itsservices. n. That it isunderstood and agreed thatall of the servicesinvolved the Ontario in the purchasing,cataloging and preparationof books will be furnished Library System. Cooperative LibrarySystem through a contract withthe Monroe County
12. That the -0~MS111111.11011111111114111maapposamporgolIme Regents of the hereinafter agrees to complywith all regulationsof the Board of under Section 272 of theEducatiqn University of theState of New York promulgated
Law. 13. That the MemberLibrary will keep recordslmakereports and furnish information to the OntarioCooperative LibrarySystem as it may from time totime require. 14. That the OntarioCooperative LibrarySystem will furnish the Comm- issioner of Education ofthe State of New Yorkwith information andreports as req- uired by law to qualifythe Ontario CooperativeLibrarySystem for state aid.
That the OntarioCooperative LibrarySyotem Board of Trustees will certify by voucher theeligibility of MemberLibraryfor such portion ofState Aid as Library System. provided for a memberlibrary under the planfor a Ontario -Cooperative Payments to certified willbe made directly toMember Library. The OntarioCooperative Library System agrees to payannually to the Trusteesof the first party agrant in for books,periodicals money cqualto 1.5% of the amountspent by the member library shall be and binding duringthe previous calendar year,but which sum inno event less than $200.00. 16. Member Library will agreeto support its libraryat least to the level of the averageof the previous three years. 17. That the terms ofthis contract shall be for aperiod ending Decem- period of one years ber 31,1961 afterwhich it shall beautomatically renewed for a
217 and thereafter from year to yearupon the same terms andconditions,unless written notice of termination isserved personally or by mail by one of the parties hereto upon the other atleast thirty days prior to therenewal date of any year. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused these presents to be signed and sealed the day and year first abovewritten.
ammumigiamimmemlimormimemsormisiavi
By AuthorizedOfficer
Ontario Cooperative Library System
STATE OF NEW YORK) COUNTY OFavrAnio) SS:
On this day of 19 before me, the
subscriber,personally came to me known, who being by meduly sworn, did deposeandsftythat he resides in that he is the of the Board aTrustees of the the library corporation described inand which executed the aboveinstrument; thathe signed name thereto byorder of the Board ofTrustees of
said library corporation andthat said library has no seal.
218 STATE OP NEW YORK). COUNTY 01?itir e) SS:
On the day of 19 ,befOre me, the subscriberspersonally came to me known, who being by me duly sworn,did depose and say thatresides in the Town of thathe is the President of the Board of Trustees of tii6 Ontario Cooperative Lib. *arySystem, the library system described in and which executed the above instrument; thathe signed name thereto by order of theBoard of Trustees of said Library system, and that sai d library system has no seal. ROCHESTER PUBLIC LIBRARY -MONROE COUNTY LIBRARYSYSTEM
CONTRACT COVERING CENTRALLIBRARY' S SERVICES
Made this day of 1960, by and betweenTHE
CITY OF ROCHESTER, NEWYORK, amunicipalcorporation for its library known as the RochesterPublic Library, located atRochester, New
York, party of thefirst part, and theBoard of Trustees ofthe established by the MONROE COUNTY LIBRARYSYSTEM, a library ywtem chartered by the Board Board of Supervisorsof the County of Monroe, offices of Regents of theUniversity of the State ofNew York, with at 115 South Avenue,Rochester, Monroe County,New York, party of the second part, WHEREAS, the parties hereto,having heretoforecontracted for the exchange oflibrary service, now wishto renew and expand Library said relationship,providing however, thatthe Monroe County System shall in no wayparticipate in the managementof the physcical property of the partyof the first party,and WHEREAS, the party of thesecond part has joinedthe Livingston Pioneer Library Systemby entering intocontracts with the County Public Libraryand the Wayne CountyLibrary System to provide and free borrowing privilegesto all residentsof the 'three counties for the performance ofcentralized boo21 processingand inter-library loan services on behalfof their member libraries,and WHEREAS, the party of thesecond part may fromtime to time
enter into similarcontracts with otherlibrary systems to enlarge
the area of thePioneer Library System;and WHEREAS, the party of thesecond part, pursuant tothe
provisions of Article 5of the Education Lawhas requested the party
220 of the first part through theRochester Public Library toperform centralized book processing for theparty of the second partand for
County Library Systemand the participatinglibraries of the Monroe Library Systems inthose counties the member librariesof the County to pro- with which the partyof the second partshall have contracted vide such service,and heretofore WHEREAS, the Councilof the City ofRochester has Public Library, approved the' renderingof such serviceby the Rochester conditions, cove- NOW, THEREFORE, inconsideration of the and pursuant tothe pro- nants and agreementshereinafter expressed agreed by visions of Article5 of the EducationLaw, it is mutually
and between theparties hereto asfollows: coutingenv 1. That the obligationsof this contract ara County LibrarySystem and upon theapproval of the plansof the Monroe Education of the the Pioneer LibrarySystem by theCommissioner of the party ofthe State of New Yorkand the receiptof state aid by of the EducationLaw. second part underthe provisionsof Section 273 will permit anyresi- 2. That the party ofthe first part by the Pioneer dent of the areaserved now or at anytime hereafter materials circulated Library System toborrow books andother library because of his by it accordingto its ruleswithout discrimination place of residence. will at any timeand 3. That the party ofthe first part participating libraryin onspenific requestmake available to any other library mate- the PioneerLibrary System anyof its books and agreements to the rials, exceptbooks and materialsheld under trust conditions as theparty of thesecond contrary, uponsuch terms and loans amongparticipating libraries. part shallprescribe for library
221 4. That any books, materials or.periodicals purchased by the party of the first part out of trust moneys and appropriately marked as having been so obtained, shall not come within the purview of this contract should it appear to the Board of Trustees of the party of the first part that such non-discretionary use, by non-residents of the area for which it was established, would violate the terms of the will or other instrument establishing said trust.
5. That the Rochester Public Library will perform centralized book processing for the party of the second part and for the partici- pating libraries of the Monroe County Library System and for the mem- ber libraries of the County Library Systems with which the party of the second part shall have contracted to provide such services. For the purpose of this contract, centralized book processing is defined as ordering, cataloguing, mending and preparation of books for use.
6. Other services to be rendered by the party of tY3 first part to the party of the second part and its member libraries only under this agreement shall include:
(a) Delivering processed materials to participating li- braries; and picking up and delivering books for mending, inter-library loan, books owned by other libraries, and rotating collections of books;
(b) Poster and display services;
(c) Multilith services.
7. That the actual cost of books purchased shall be borne by the ordering library, but the personnel, equipment, supplies and office space necessary to perform the centralized book processing will be provided by the party of the first part.
S. That the party of the second part agrees to pay annually to the party of the first part for centralized processing services
222 fifty cents (500) for each OneDollar ($1.00) spent bythe party of the second part and itsmember libraries for booksand binding. to pay annually 9. That the party of thesecond party agrees
to the party of the firstpart for centralizedprocessing costs of the Rochester Public Libraryfifty cents (500) foreach One Dollar 01.00) spent by the RochesterPublic Library for booksand binding. Dollars ($63, 000), This sum, which shall not,exceed Sixty-three thousand annually, shall be paid forthe year 1960immediately upon execution
of this agreement. second part agrees to pay 10. (a) That the party of the
annually to the party ofthe first part OneHundred Per Cent(100%) libraries of the Monroe of the cost of deliveryservice to all member maintenance and, County Library System,including salaries, supplies, truck3. wren necessary,the replacement costsof the two delivery annually (b) That the party of thesecond part agrees to pay
to the party of thefirst part fifty per cent(50%) of its costs for but poster and displayservices, includingsalaries and supplies,
excluding equipment. (c) That the partyof the second part agreesto pay annually cost of to the party ofthe first part fifty parcent (50%) of the
duplicating services,including salaries andsupplies, 'out excluding
equipment. annually 11. That the party of thesecond part agrees to pay services to the partyof the first part forcentralized processing ($1.00) spent for books and fifty cents(500) for each One Dollar Systems which bindingby the member librariesof the County Library in return are now or maybecome members of thekioneer Library System
for the centralizedbook processing servicerendered on behalf of
those libraries. annually 12. That the party of thesecond part agrees to pay part twenty cents(200) for each book re- [ to the party of the first
ceived by member librariesof the Pioneer LibrarySystem on inter- library loans from the partyof the first part. annually 13. That the party of thesecond part agrees to pay
to the party of thefirst part the sum ofFive Hundred Dollars($500)
for each County LibrarySystem which is a memberof the Pioneer Li-
brary System, except theMonroe CountyLibrary System, as compensation
for the loss by the partyof the first part ofannual non-resident
borrowers' fees. annually 14. That the party of thesecond part agrees to pay
to the party of thefirst part One ThousandDollars ($1,000) for rental
of space occupied by theMonroe County LibrarySystem Headquarters 1960 Staff in the RundelMemorial Building. The payment for the year will be made on the dateof the execution of thisagreement. annually 15. That the party of thesecond part agrees to pay
to the party of thefirst part such portionof fifteen cents(150) expenditures on per capitaof the population ofMonroe County as its books, periodicals andbinding are related tothe total expenditures County on boats,periodicals and binding ofall members of the Monroe Library System during theprevious year. 16. That the partyof the first parthereinafter ar'ees to
comply with allregulations of the Board ofRegents of the University Section 272 of theEducation of the rk.,-,ate of NewYork promulgated under
Law. keep records, 17. That the party ofthe first part will second part make reports andfurnish information tothe party of the
as it mayfrom time to timerequire.
224 18. That the party of the second partwill furnish the Commissioner of Education of the Stateof New York with inZormation and reports as required by law toqualify it for state aid.
19. That the party of the second partwill advise and counsel with the party of the first partconcerning its library programand book selections and cooperate withit to improve and increaseits service.
20. Payments by the party of thesecond part to the party of the first part underparagraph numbers 8; 10, 11,12, 13 and 15 shall become effective in thecalendar year 1961. Payments by the party of the second part tothe party of the first partuader paragraph numbers 8, 9, 10, 11 and12 shall be estimated foreach calendar year on or beforeJuly 1 of that year and shall136 adjusted for accuracy at the end of said calendar year. The party of the second part agreesto
pay to the partyof the first part aay balancesowing to it from the previous calendar year on orbefore July 1 of the succeedingcalendar
year. The party of the first partshall credit any balances owing to the party of thesecond part to the account ofthe party of the second part in the subsequentcalendar year. The party of the secondpart shall certify by voucherannually to the Director of Financeof the
County of Monroe thesaid amounts for payments,which shall be made
to the party.. ofthe first part within thirty(30) days upon annual re- ceipt of state aidpayments to the party of thesecond part.
21. That upon execution of thiscontract, it shall supersede
and make null and voAd anyprevious contract between theparties hereto.
22. This contract shall beeffective immediately upon 1961, execution thereofand shall be for a termending December 31, of one after which itshall be automaticallyrenewed for a period
225. rI
year and thereafter from year to year uponthe same terms and con- ditions unless written notice of termination is servedpersonally or by mail by one of the parties hereto uponthe other no later than
the first day of December of any year. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the City of Rochester has caused this
agreement to be executed by its CityManager and its corporate seal to be hereunto affixed and the party of the second parthas caused
this instrument to be signed by its Chairman the dayand year first
above written. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER
By City Manager
BOard of Trustees of the MONROE COUNTY LIBRARY SYSTEM
By Chairman
STATE OF NEW YORK) COUNTY OF MONROE ) SS. CITY OF ROCHESTER) On the day of 1960', before me, the subscriber personnaly came F. DOW HAMBLINto me known, who being by meduly
sworn, did depose and say thathe resides in the City of Rochester;
that he is the City Manager of t11-4 City of Rochester, thecorporation
described in and which executed thewithin instrument; that he knows
the seal of said corporation; thatthe seal affixed to such instrument is such corporate seal; that it was soaffixed by virtue of the~ Stat-
utes of the State of New York, in such case madeand provided, and by.
Ordinance No. adopted by the Council and that he signed his name thereto byvirtue of such authority
226 STATE OF NEW YORK) CQUNTY OF MONROE ) CITY OF ROCHESTER) On the day of 1960, before me, the subscriber, personally came CATHERINE BOTT4 to me known, whobeing by me duly sworn, did depose and say that sheresides in the Village of Brockport; that she is the Chairman of the Board of Trusteesof the MONROE COUNTY
LIBRARY SYSTEM, the library system described inand which executed the above instrument; that she signed her namethereto by order of
the Board of Trustees of said Library System,and that said library system has no seal.
227 Region or County Library Date
NORTH CAROLINA STATE LIBRARY PROCESSINGCENTER APPLICATION FOR FEDERAL FUNDS
The Library hereby applies Name of Li for a Federal aid grant for the ordering andprocessing of its new books at the Center.
The Library Board agrees to the followingrequirements: 1. Provide a catalog cabinet and keep cardsfiled accurately. the 2. Spend a minimun of 80% per yearof its book budget through Center. (Does not apply 1959-60) of the 3. Spend approximately 4 f itsbook budget sae): quarter year to maintain an evenflow of books throughthe Center. (Does not apply to 1959-60)
Pay to the Center a servicefee of 75o per volumeprocessed. prodessing, 5. Accept the manner and styleof centralized book including cataloging andclassification proceduresand choice and quality of materialsused as determinedby the Center. 60 days prior to the endof the fiscal 6. Give written notice there is year and returnall unused ProcessingCenter fund& if a desireto terminate therelationship. volumes will be orderedthrough the We estimate that, of the Center between Apriland August 1,1960. The rural population of the totalpopulation. area servedby the Library is per cent Signed: Chairman of the LibraryBoard
(Librarian)
*do not writebelow this line
volumes 1st. payment per volume processing cost 2nd. payment
. rural 11.0111-. amount of grant
Total
228 AGREEMENT. TO MEMBERSHIP IN THE LIBRARYSERVICE CENTER OF EASTERN OHIO
THIS AGREEMENT made as bf the day of 1:6 by and between the undersigned, the Library Service Center of EasternOhio hereinafter called Center, library and the operating and existing under, the laws of theState of Ohio, hereinaftercalled the library.
WHEREAS there is established a LibraryService Center known as Library Service Center of Eastern Ohio having as its main purpose,the purchasing and processing et 1.1beee manstial and she tuentshina.of eh* same tothe meocers associated with the said Center; and
WHEREAS there is maintained at the Center astaff of experienced employeesadequate to furnish these services in the competent manner;and,
WHEREAS the undersigned Library is desirousof becoming a member ofAve Center, to participate in the Center's activities,
NOW THEREFORE BE. IT AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
The Library does herein agree to become amember of the Association and shallcommit not less than seventy-five(75%) percentof that portion of its yearly budget ordinarily used in the purchase of books, to the use ofthe Center and the failure of the Library to continue the furnishing ofthat percentage shall render theLibrary subject to expulsion from the association with theforfeiture of all rights therein except for such books or materials as shallhave been ordered and purchased byit which it may remove.
The Center shall purchase and process booksand other library materials as ordered by the Library and shall deliver such materials tothe ordering Library for the purchase price of each item plus seventy-five(750) cents.
Delivery shall be made by the Center of allmaterials ordered by the Library on a schedule which is so far aspossible
The Library doee herein subscribe to theArticles of Agreement to Establish a Library Service Center dated , and any later articles of regulations adopted with the approval of theduly elected officers.
Membership shall continue from year to year with theright of the Library to with- draw by giving written notice to thateffect before July 1st of any cal ender year. By a majority vote of all Board members thecontract with any member library may be terminated on 90 days notice.
In the event of the dissolution of the Centerall of its assets except for books and materials ordered and purchased by anindividual library which shall belong to it shall be divided among the members atthat time in an equitable manner, having due, regard to the proportion of the total budgetfurnished by it at that Vitm, and the number of years of membership.
This agreement signed by the president and secretary ofthe respective Boards of Trustees of the Center and the Library, pursuant tothe atthority granted by said Boards.
BY....p.p.-
BY CONTRACT FORM
Public Library Service Center of South WestWisconsin
This agreement, made and executed this day of ,295.,by and among the county boards of Crawford, Grant,Iowa, Lafayette, and Richland Counties,
Witnesseth that:
WHEREAS thePublic.Library Service Center of South West Wisconsin, formerly called South West Wisconsin' Library Processing Center, has proved a demonstration of successful interlibrary co-operation, and
WHEREAS the county boards of Crawford, Grant, Iowa, Lafayette` and Richland Counties have recognized its suleess by the appropriation of funds for partial support of the Center in 1961, and by the appointment of county library committees to study and makerecommendations as to continuance of the Center, and
WHEREAS the five committees so appointed recommend continuing and expanding the services of the Center under joint administration of the five counties, and
WHEREAS Wisconsin Statutes 66.30 and 43.25 (1) provide legal authority for such joint action, and 43.26 (4) provides for creation of a Joint Library Board,
Now therefore the boards of supervisors of the counties of Crawford, Grant, Iowa, Lafayette, and Richland do hereby mutually agree:
That the counties of Crawfordo Grant, Iowa, Lafayette, and Riehland, in consideration of tne mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, do hereby enter into joint agreementto maintain and support with county tax funds the services of the Public /library .Service Center of South Weal: Wisconsin hereafter called "the Center," on annual basis accord- ing to the following table:
County Appropriations Prorated on 1960 Population
leof Total 1962
Crawford' 14.06 $ 2,320.00 Grant 38.21 6,305.00 Iowa 26.89 2,790.00 Lafayette 15.60 2,575.00 Richland 15.21 2,510.00
99.97 $ 16,500.00
That each of the participating county boards of supervisors shall appointa county library committee composed of county board members or lay membersor a combination of both, the chairman of such committee to serve as the county's representativeon a five member Joint Library Board
That each county library committee shall be an advisory committee to the JointLibrary Board on alI matters pertaining to the services of the Center, shall makerecommends-. time to the Joint Library hoard through their representativeon the Board, shall actively support the Joint Library.Board's request for appropriationfor operation of the Center, shall receive service and financial reports annuallyand at such other times as agreed vpon by the Joint Library Board, and shalltransmit same to the county board
230 That the Joint Library Board assumesthe following responsibilities inaddition to the functions enumerated in Wiscontin Statutes43.27:
1. Determination of administrativ' policiesfor the Center
2. Planning and promotion of theimprovement of library service in the area
3. Preparation of an annual budgetfor the operation of the Centerbased on recommen- dations of the Adminiatrator of theCenter and the participating countylibrary committees
4. Recommendation of basis ofprorating of necessary operatingfunds among the parti- cipating counties and establishmentof the method of deposit anddisbursement the Wisconsin Free 5. Making service and financialreports to the county boardsand Library Commission
That any monies remaining andunencumbered at the end of thefiscal year shall be re- each county's share of the turned to the participatingcounties, prorated, according to total appropriation
And it is further mutuallyunderstood and agreed: by action of one of the That this agreement shallcontinue in force until rescinded less than one (1) year from parties, but the effectiveperiod hereof shall be for not effective date of this agreement,it the date hereof. After one (1) year from the may be terminatedby mutual agreement ofthe parties.
And it is also furthermutually understood and agreed:
Board shall act as thelegal representative ofthe participating That the Joint Library Commission for grants making application to theWisconsin Free Library county boards in contracts for available to the areaunder the Library ServicesAct, executing necessary services of the Center the continuationand improvement of the maximum local support ofthe Center, using That the JointLibrary 3oard will encourage Library Services Act diminishing amounts cC2ederal funds under the
Signed Approval date
AINNWMIM....110 Iowa CO. Clerk Iowa Co. Board
Grant Co. Clerk Grant Co. Board
Richland CO. Clerk Richland Co.Board
Crawford Co.Clerk Crawford Co.Board
Lafayette CO.Clerk Lafayette Co.Board This agreement, made and executed this day of , 19 by and between the Joint Library Board of the Public LibraryService Center of Southwest Asconsin, and the Library Board, Public Library.
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Public Library Service Center of SouthwestWisconsin (formerly Southwest Wisconsi Library Processing Center) has proved a demonstration of successfulinterlibrary co-operation, and
WHEREAS, the county boards of Crawfortt Grant, Iowa, Lafayette, and Richland Counties have contracted-with one another to maintain and support the Center, according to Wisconsin Statutes66.30, and
WHEREAS, these 5 county boards have created a Joint Library Board under Wisconsin Statutes 43.26 (4) to administer the Center, and
WHEREAS, the Free Library Commission has deposited equipment in the office at 925 Lincoln Avenue, Fennimore, for the use of the libraries in the 5 county area, to be ad- ministered by the Joint Library Board according to the general policies formulated during the establishment period, and
WHEREAS, the public libraries of the 5 counties, having contracted for the services of the Center during the demonstration period, desire tocontinue this participation.
NOW, TEEREFOREt the parties hereto agree:
1. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICE CENTER AGREES: a. To compile the orders from participatinglibraries and route them to the jobbers and publishers offering the best price andservice, recognizing that e4ch participating library shall have and enjoyunqualified freedom of choice in the selection of materialspurchased in its behalf
b. To classify, cata1,1g, provide one set of catalog cards pertitle ordered, prepare book card and pocket, toapply a plastic cover to the dust jacket of each volume and deliver processed volume tothe participating libraries.
c. To provide a central collectionof book-selection tools and to conduct periodic, joint, book-selectionmeetings for all participating libraries.
d. To encourage and help sponsor additional co-operative activities, such as interlibrary loans, book swaps, rotating book collections, publicity activities, etc.; among the participating libraries
e. To assist librarians, library board members, and governmentofficials in long-range planning for improvement of public library service in the area
2. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY AGREES: a. That the library shall continue as a participating library in the Center by spending through the facilities of the Center an amount not leas than 75 per cent of all book funds available to the library annually
b. That the library shall pay to the Center a service charge not less than 10$ per volume ordered
232 c. That the library shall accept the manner andstyle of centralized book processing, including cataloging. andclassification system and choice and quality of materials used asdetermined by the Center
d. To promote general public awarenessand understanding of the purposes and functions of Center
3. IT IS AGREED BY ALL PARTIES: a. That, since the operation of the .Centeris contingent upon annual appropriation by the county boards, thelibrary board shall take no action to discontinue this agreementduring the year et the contract
shall b. That this agreement shallcontinue in force until either party give written notice to theother sixty days prior to the date ofde- sired termination, except asprovided in 3a of this contract
txrarian President of Joint Library Board
President of Library Board . Secretary of Joint Library Board Villapite County Dub tic librarp 3Boarb 33030 VAN BORN ROAD WALTER H. RAWER WAYNE, MICHIGAN COUNTY ILIONANIAN 274.2500 7224000
A Z
It is agreed by and between the undersigned as follows:
That the County of Wayne owns and maintains Library facIlities and
employs a highly trained staff for service to member libraries of the
County of Wayne, through the Wayne County Public Library Board;and,
2. That these facilities and staff can provide centralized book processing
services in an efficient and economical manner toschool district executing
this contract; and,
3. That the said School District desires to avoid the unnecessary expense
of establishing its separate book processing facilities; and,
That the said Board agrees to perform centralized book processingfor the
said School District; and,
5. That for the purpose of this agreement centralized book processingis
defined as the periodic preparation of lists of books,pamphlets, and
periodicals; ordering; cataloging; and preparation of booksready for
use; and,
234 That the said Board shall furnish facilities for the display and selection
of books and periodicals; and,
7. That the Said Board shall deliverthe said books to one designatedlocation in a school district; and,
purchased Be That the contract price shall bethe net price of each book
for said school district plus$1.20 for each volume processed;said charges
to be in 'favor ofthe said Board and againstthe said School District;and,
9. That the said charges shall bepaid within 30 days .of suchperiodic billing
or invoice asshall be submitted by the saidBoard to the said SchoolDistrict;
and,
10. That this agreement may be terminated atanytime by either partyby a written notice of intent to terminateserved upon the other party notless
than SIXTY days before tie effectivedate of the proposed termination;and, ,196 11. That this service shall begin onthe day of and continue until terminated, as isherein and above stated.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the partieshereto have hereunto settheir hands
and seals this day of ,196,
WAYNE COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARYBOARD
By Chairman and Authorized Agent, actingby authority of the said Board.
235 SCHOOL DISTRICT
By
Title, Authorized Agent, acting by authority of its School Board.
WAYNE COUNTY LIBRARY
NEWLBAY EN HO
The Wayne County Library announces the establishment of a Resource Center to enrich the program of the school library. At the Resource Center the Wayne County Library has attempted to create model collections of outstanding books and audio-visual materials for examination by librarians, teachers, curriculum cotdirtl- tors, and other interested school personnel. Current emphasis is on the elementary and junior high school library.
PURPOSES OF THE RESOURCE CENTER
The Resource Center will have on permanent display, continuously brought up-to-date, a basic collection of books, including reference books, periodicals, pamphlets, and pictures to assist and guide librarians and teachers in the selection, acquisition, and u4e of these materials.
The collection will be based on the B_asic_Book_CoPectiort_for Elementary Grades, the B. I I I t I I the Science,
of Science, and the Children!s_Catalog.
2. The Resource Center will display, through the courtesy of exhibitors, a wide range of the best and latest audio-visual and instructional materials, including
Study Unit Kits Audio-Visual Equipment F:Imstrips Scientific Models Pictures Recordings Catalogs of Materials Sources Films
3. The Resource Center will serve as a coordinating agency for the improvement of school libraries in Wayne County and as a focal point where school person- nel may exchange ideas and materials. Outstanding programs and materials produced by the various school districts will be displayed at tile Center.
236 service. 4. The ResourceCenter will offer acomplete book processing teachers, and students 5. A professionallibrary will beavailable for librarians, of library work withchildren. developed by theResource Center, orby other 6. Materials ofparticular interest and pertaining to books,reading, libraries,Instructional materials, sources, and made available tothe users related professional topicswill be displayed amounts,depending of the ResourceCenter, either insample or in quantity onthe supply. which Include 7. The examinationand exhibition servicesof the Resource Center, audio-visual materials andequipment, are free,and all are displays of books, services will most welcome to usethese facilities.Users of the book processing be charged an amountsufficient to cover the costof those services.
participate in the programin various ways: byselecting Users of the Center may the Center, or by thotr own books, byattending meetings,by examining materials in improving services andprocedures.In addition, an Advisory offering suggestions,for the Resource Center Committee of schoollibrarians, which hasalready greatly assisted in this area in identifyingthe needs of its prospective users,will continue to function Members of the AdvisoryCommittee dre Phyllis Greer,Van Buren in the future. Wallace, Schools; Alma N. Stanlis, Riverview CommunitySchools; and Margaret W. Southgate CommunitySchools.
DESCRIPTION OF BOOKPROCESSING
A.Book Selection purchase.. School 1.Ajjks,,oks are read oriel evaluatedbefore bjing listed for librarians may participate inthe evaluation of materials atmeetings held for that purpoie.
2.New and replacementtitles may be orderedfrequently during the year. for beginning and man- 3.The basic children'scollection may be examined tabling the school library atthe highest quality consistentwith available funds. for evaluation 4.Now titles will be displayedalong with information necessary and selection.
Regular, frequent, andannotated lists of newtitles are made available to 5. deadlines for ordering. usersof the Book ProcessingService prior to time
6. Prebound books are purchasedwhen available.
237 B.nook
1.Books will be purchased upon the order of authorizedschool, librarians or other school personnel. The large purchasing power ofthe Wayne County Library assures the highest discounts which are thenpassed on to users of the service.It is believed that the County Library willreceive discounts higher by 5 %. to 10%, possibly more, than those experienced by most school districts. Books will be supplied with catalog cards and classified In accordance with the Dewey Decimal System.
3.nooks will be delivered to one designated location in a school district.
C.Schools ILLthisulgat
In school districts where there are no librarians and where teachers mustmake their own selections, using the lists of the Resource Center will assure the purchase of a highly selective collection of books. Further, if the books are circulated, proper controls can be maintained because the books will-6e.ready for dray:often upon cloilveiy.
Establishment Of New Libraries
Needless to say, the establishment of a new school library imposes a great burden on a librarian working alone with untrained personnel and with limited tools and equipment. The Resource Center will perform this work for the school__ librarian expeditiously and efficiently, giving the librarian time to guide students in their use of the library.
Quit IMO 1.A reasonable charge is made for the book processing services. However, tin:s charge is reduced by the substantially higher discounts on books received by the County Library and passed on to participating school districts.
included in the cost of processing are book selection and other professional services which will be of considerable assistance to librarians in improving the quality, of school library service be the area«
For further details writeor phone the Library Resource Center at the Wayne County Library, 33030 Vantorn Redd, Wayne, Michigan,attention of Mrs. Cynthia Chaklosh, Head of Children's Servicesor Mr. Waltr Halsted, Head, Audio-Visual Department at 274.2600or 722.8000.
238 An Agreement Between Nioga Library System andNiagara University For Ordering, Cataloging andProcessing Library Materials
DEFINITIONS
1.For the purposes of this agreementthe term library materialsi.: limited to the following: hardboundand paperbound books,pamphlets and recordings. 2. A unit of librarymaterials is a single volume, orpamphlet, whether independent or part of a set.Where two or more recordings areincluded in an album the albumwill be considered a singleunit.
RENEGOTIATION Thifl agreement co-:ars theperiod of one Crd -Jear fromthe date of signature, at the expirationof which time it shall besu7.)ject to renegotiation at the option of eitherparty. UNIT PRICE
1.The price per unit for itemscompleted under terms ofthis agreement shall be $1.55 per unit.Nothing in this contract shallpreclude special arrange- ments for cataloging orprocessing specific groups oflibrary materials which do not require the full scopeof the work as defined inthis contract. Payment for processing suchmaterials may be negotiated byspecial arrangements applicable to suchmaterials. 2. The minimum numberof volumes to be processedfor Niagara University under the termsof this contract shall befive thousand (5, 000) volumes.
239 SCOPE OF THE WORK
1.Ordering books, etc. from suppliers
2.Receiving and checking invoices against materials received.
3.Forwarding invoices certified correct to Niagara University. 4.Cataloging and classification of all units in accordance with pro- cedures mutually agreeable to Nioga Library System and Niagara University. 5.Provision of one set of catalog cards for each title cataloged. Each set to include two main entry cards (one for use as sheiflist card), one title card and one each of subject and added entry cards as required by (4 ) abovo: 6.All books to be furnished with plastic cover wherever feasible. 7.Ownership marks (one), book pocket, call number on pressure sensitive label, all to be affixed to each volume according to instructions from Niagara University. 8.Paperback and softbound books will be cataloged and processed in the same manner as hardbound books.In every case possible, paperbacks will be purchased in reinforced form, 9.All volumes when completed will be delivered to Niagara University Library. PAYMENT Niagara University agrees to pay Nioga Library System on presenta- tion of .a certified voucher and invoice covering units delivered to Niagara University Libi ary as of the date of the invoice.
240 ,Far Nioga Library. Systemtern. ,.---- ...::"/..`i C Director For Niagara University
91;i.47-,144..C: Oka; 'see# esiaent Dated:"7tal& day of 196
An Agreement Between Nioga Library System andNiagara County CommunityCollege For Ordering, Catalogingand Processing LibraryMaterials
DEFINITIONS
1. For the purposes of thisagreement the term librarymaterials is limited to books, promphlets,sound recordings and sound tapes,and audio visual material. 2.A unit of library material is asingle volume or pamphlet whether independent or part of a Filet. Wheretwo more recordings areincluded in an album, thealbum will be considered a singleunit. Each reel of sound tape will be considered a singleunit.
RENEGOTIATION This agreement shall take effect onthe date of signature andshall continue in force until terminatedby either party. Notice oftermination shall be submitted in writingby the terminating party tothe other party not less than ninety (90) daysbefore the date of termination.
241 UNIT PRICE The price per unit for items completed under- terme of this agreetnent shall be $1.55 per unit. Nothing in this contract shall preclude special-arrange- ments for cataloging or processing specific groups of library mWnrialS do not require the full scope of the work as defined in this contract.- Payment for processing such materials may be negotiated by special arrangements applicable to such materials. SCOPE OF THE WORK
1. Ordering books, etc. from suppliers.
2.Receiving and checking invoices against materials received.
3. Forwarding invoices certified correct to Niagara County Community College.
4. Cataloging and classification of all units in accordance with pro- cedures mutually agreeable to Nioga Library System and Niagara County Community College.
5. Provision of one set of catalog ,cards for each title cataloged. Each set to, include two main entry cards (one for use as slielflist card), one title card and one each of subject and added entry cards as required by (4. ) above.
6.All books to be furnished with plastic cover wherever feasible.
7. Ownership marks (one), book pocket, call number on pressure sensitive label, all to be affixed to each volume according to instructions from Niagara County Community College.
242 iiimmeempoimummotavvia_.
8.Paperback and softbound books will becataloged and processed in the same manner as hardboundbooks except that the NiogaLibrary System will, on request of NiagaraCounty Community College,send paperbacks to commercial binders for reinforcementof bindings and laminationof covers. Cost of such reinforcement and laminationof covers, together withtransporta- tion charges, if any, betweenNioga Library SystemHeadquarters and the commercial binder, will be paidby Niagara CountyCommunity College. 9.All volumes when completedwill be delivered to theNiagara County Community College Library quarters.
PAYMENT Niagara County CommunityCollege agrees to pay NiogaLibrary System on a certifiedvoucher and invoicecovering units deliveredto Niagara County Community College Library asof the date of the invoice.
Signed For Nioga LibrarySystem
For Niagara CountyCommunity College
President
Headquarters November1, 1965 Received at Nioga 243 APPENDIX D
BLACK GOLDCOOPERATIVE LIBRARYSYSTEM PROCESSING CENTER
Editing (Content)
Author-Title Catalog
Subject Catalog
Children's Catalog SUDJECTsBasic Editing Practices &DIM
Boxtreeser,BettyB v"-Apreliminsry check list of imprints,Harrisburg, Pinn- sylvan* 18t1-1858t,with Malarial intavdtsat:',77-br- Alatty.11.11axisaavaAlicsakiustas,196.4 72 l.*4Dow Typescript(cubes corn Thesis (m. isUniversity of America. Bibilograpb3r: leans 11-12.
1. Harrisburg, Pa.Imprints. z Tills astoesw- IS1 -111r-
1. Initial Articles 2. Single author from body of card. 3. Placeof Publisher (Except whenthe publisher and Author are the same,or when placeof publication is foreign.) 3 a. Whenimprintshows 2 publishers, one foreign, one U. S. (e.g. London, Botsford;New Tara, Putnam) both place names are retained. 3 b.When imprintor note shows a distributor as cell as a publisher, eliminate thedistributor. 4. Preliminary Paging 5. Size of book in Centimeters 6. Library of Congress classification number. 7. Card Order Number 8.Words"Library of Congress" at bottom of card.. 9. Bracketed mother, e.g. (5) at bottom of card.
246 SUBJECT sEditing of Collation
Redwood Library and Atheneum,Newport, R. I. ELIMINATE 4... The 1764 catalogue of the RedwoodLibrary Company at Newport, Rhode Island. Edited with anintrod. by Marcus1.Preliminary Paging A. McCorison, and a pref. by WibnaithS. Lewis. New limn, Yale Uninrsity PreeA1965. 2.Sipe of book in centimeters xN1.100 p. Ma, hushes. 84%. 3. When LC says "Chieflyillus." 1111filogragbleal footnotes. Omit or cross out "chiefly"
L )(Morison, Marcus Allen, ed. sr.Title.
Z881.N693 017.5 65-22382 Library of Congress Ai
DO NOT ELIMINATE II* Young, Leonard W Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations; seventy- 1.Pagination Nth anniversary, 1890-1965 tby Leonard W. Young.Pull- 2. Words such as "illus," "unpaged", MR111cis 9 Ws .,19651 "col. parts", "diagrams", "plates' 40 p. 28 am. (Weddnglea Agricultural Illpsehment Sta. "forms", "geneal", "tables", "pa_ Vow. Stations circular 449) 'dol.", "various pagings" and "col, Cover Utlo. BlbUoiraPb7: p. 40. maps (on liningpapers)"
1.Agriadtural osperbseat stationsWashington (Stab) 1. 3.'.i.nformation in parenthesis, imo_i- `,1tlik Melonawls (State)Asricsitard Esperimmt iately following basic ZIAllou, Pullman. Station chubs 449) which is a series note. S541.YS 65-64582 Mary or Congress
The Brief.v. 14, no. 4;Jan. 1824-Deo. 1895. London. * v.Slue., ports. 2 em. monthly. FomL1ad and edited by D. 31. Tort DO NOT ELIMINATE ... set !neomplete: v.3 wanting: 1.Information regarding the number' of volumes. 2.Information regarding the fre- quency of publication. 1. Lawfilt, BrILPoried. Ward, Douglas Mom ed. 65-52998
Library of Congress di
247 SUBJECT:Editing of Notes
ELININATE 1."Bibliographic notes":or "Bib3iographie footnotes" unless pages are specified. 2 "Bibliographic reference included in preface"
3. ba.
ba.
a. b.
DO NOT ELIMINATE 1."First published in under titles " or any deviation from this form of expression that communicates that the book was previously published under a different title. "Includes Bibliography" 3."Bibliography:p. -- and any clause or phrase that follows immediately behind this information, directly related to this information. 4."Bibliographies" 5."Annotated Bibliographie9" 6."Autobiographical" 7.Any information regarding inserts, componenta, etc. such ass a."With teaching instructions" b." in pocket" c."Includes Selections frost d."Errata sheet inserted."
248 8.Any' information that describesthe exact nature of'he contentse.g. a."Essays" b."Poona" c."Selections from " 9 Any information thatconnects the titlewith a previouslypublished work, e.g. a."Sequel to 11 b."Continuation of se 10 Specific editorialinformations such as: a."Edited and arrangedby b."Text has been rewrittenfrom articles in Ile Information liners thatassociate the title with aparticular grouping or collection,such ass a."A book from the Instituteof Policy' Studies" 12. Notes such ass a."Bibliography of the works of b. "Suggested readings:p. 13 a.
b. 111=1111111.01Mi 14.
b.
)O NOT ELTMINAIE (Contents will beused 1. Contents as suggested by theLibrary of Congress. by the Library of Congress,and will appear inthe Subject as suggested !n Catalog only, except whenthere are no subjectslisted for the entry. such cases; the contents will beentered in the AuthorCatalog...See illustrations in Production section"Handling of Contents".)
249 Abrams, Mark Alexander, 1006.. Must labour lose? By Mark Abrams )and) Richard Rosa; with s commentary by Rita Hindon.alarmondsworths Middlesex; Baltimore, Penguin Books 110601 127 p.Titus. 18 cm. (A Penguin special, 8188) ICCoirmirra.--The Socialist commentary survey. by IL Abrams.', Ikorvalegariymystmaimdokby868WwMbobmanalibrbWourtbyie &Blades. ...)
1. Labour Party (Gt. Brit.)2. Gt. BritPa & govt. I. Row. Richard, 1083- u. Title.
cYN11210.122A68 322.042 61447 Library of Comma
SURJECT: Editing of Tracings
ELINTMATE The words "joint author" Alger, havh. 1* 'rho New England primer alphabet /1604 1061) humor- ously Int reverently elaborated (by Joseph Alger and Rus- .sell C. Germondi Dublin, N. H., Yankee, Inc., 1061. /461/4 mu. 10 cm
4.Oarstook Munn 0., joial-avibor. u. Title.
PS4W1.160NWS4 u-arag
Library of roarrrao $1)
I Ira II I WORM s I a Ira 108 INimam sr aI t ELIMINATE 1, When the words "joint editor" are . used, delete the word "joint",but A4ernothrb George L ea Philosophy of religion, a book of readings, edifed by leave the word "editor" George L. Abernethy and Themes A. Langford. Now York, Maresillan ON% Sep. *pm. inetdesi414160631170
ltalteloo.lbillor0b7. Langford, Thomas A., jaistot a Tido. BMA* 201 62-7036 mum et cowers
230 ZIMINALE
1. Delete the words "Juvenile literam tura" when they are part of a Ake= 11, Clare Constance (Drury) Hoskyns. Thy. young Marie Curie.Illustrated by Denise Brown. Subject heading. Nov York, Boy Publishers 419613 1211p. teas.21cm.
1. Carlo, Mario (Sidoiowska) 180T-10(14lorealicrilterotaret
QD22.C8A5 02 61-11042
Library of Congress To avoid duplication,in Child- re& s catalogONLY
Villiers, Alan John, 1908 - ELIMINATE The Battle of Trafalgar; LordNelson sweeps the Bea, by Alen Villiers. New York,Macmillan goof, The words -"Juvenile" and _Ulm (part cd.) amps porta 2 mi.(Ilaciaillaa "Children's" fromsubject head- bans booim) ings. BlbliaMiPbyt Thus 1. " - Juvenileliterature" is CO eliod.nated. 1. Trafalgar ((bob), Battle of,1805-54.ealloilliaottaso.-2. Nei am Horatio Wawa. viscose,1125-11105leveant- Hioratuoi r. 2. " - Juvenilefiction" be- Title. comes " Fiction" 3. "Children' apoetry", Child- DAMS 1806.V6 j 9402 06-16169 ren's literature", etc. be- come"Poetry", "Literature" Library si Cesome etc. a. But,"Children's plays% becomes "Drama" b. And, "Children'sstories" becomes, "Fiction",or "Short stories", t f.ias Stevenson, Augusts. Sam Houstont boychieftain.Illustrated by Katharine appropriate. Sampson.Indianapolis, Bobbs4ferrill goal p.tttsa 25 or.(Clandbood of famous America*
I. Home" Samed, 111$4212--feemileAdios.
PZT.88667Saine 02-10089 Library of Osairma 251 Dues, Michael, Dorotioval talks for children. Grand Rapids, Baker Book Homo, MIL PIN 20e.. talidatertalkaudbook orb%
1. ilhildrenieCit ismama 2. ilethedtat OlutrehSeemoos. S. La. now, Americas. 1. Title.
BV4315.1)36 25253 61-10003
!Abney et Cowell tai
DO NOT ELIMINATE
1. Series information inthe Aberdeen and Tank, Ishbel Maria (Marjoribanks) Gor. tracings as suggested by the den, merchioneas 1857-1039. Library of Congresa The Canadian joutsal of Lady Aberdeen, 1893-1898. Ed- hod with nil intro& by John T. Saywoll. Toronto, Muni. ism. plain Society, 1060. lxxxiv. MT p. plates. 25 ctn. (The publications of the Champlain 1. Cross out the word "Series". Patletlet 38) 2. Type as added author. 3. Underline in blue. Ilibiloilraphien1footnotes. 1. CariadaPol. * gorte-.1867-1014. 2. CanadaSee. lift & rust ranadaDeorr. & tray. (Series: Champlain Society. Toronto. Publication, S$
/71033.A25 911.06 61.4000
Library of emigre* ple
414F SEE ILLUSTRATIONS IN PRODUCTION SECTION "HANDLING OF SERIES".
DO NOT ELIMINATE
Bryant, Al, UM 1. The words "illustrator" or its /Pictures of Jesus with ithnplo stories. Full color iilus. My abbreviation. Charles Zingaro and tlevoland L. Woodward.Grand Rapids, Zondervan Pub. !Tomo 110643 1% (unpaged)cot him. 16 cm.
1. Jesus Clut.016-11100itrrcalle literature. r. Zingaro, Churls lam 474E114244.01121111War4404., Wee. BT302.137 j 939.9 01-22834 Library of Conger
232 DO NOT ELIMINATE, its lo The words"Translator,' or Adelman,Saint, 6251404. Adomunn's Life ofColumba. Editedwith translation abbreviation(' and notes by Alan01T Anderson and byMarjorie Ogilvie Anderson.London, New York, T.Nelson (19613 xxiv, 500 p.faeshus. 23 em. Bibliography: p. tscrx:1111.
Alan Orr, 1379-1058, 1. Columba, Saint,521-597. L Anderson, ed. and tr.st. *Anderson,Marjorie 0S11,19.AILAMUla 624911 DX4700.07A2 1961 022.241$
Library of Congress
DO NOT ELIMINATE 1.The word "Editor"op its abbreviation. AIANSF Conference .oft Researchfor Architecture, Ann Arbor, Mich., .1959. Research for architecture;proceedings. Edited by Eu- gene P.Magenau.Washington, American In of Architects, Documents Division, 1959. 127 p. (lad. ewer) gays. 23 an.
2. Arehlteeture--Ooogroses. 2. Mama% ZamaLoa,. 11. Title. NA21.A5 1959 720.82 61-180
Library of Conn" (23
ELIMINATE shown Abram/witch, It:wheel It 18W).. 1. The name variation as The Soviet Revolution,1017 -1030.Intro& by Sidney in Library ofCongress cataloging Hook. Now York,International Universities Pretep1062, when Lt appearsbelow the tracings 473 IN 24 am. Includos bibliography.
1. Russiaflist.-1917- r. Title. Systeheriyinaliyi,44tephaelmkbuunatItriaeln. 02-13964 DIC266.A.45 947,084
Library; of Congress Adams, Loyce. The three T's: teach,travel and tell. Boston,Christopher Pub. House 00601 203p. Mus. 21 cm.
EuropeDescr. 1. Teachers .-Correspondence,reminiscences, etc. 2. & tray. -1043- z. Title. dirsikasse--. Lillian-Loyeo-Adams.- 6048194 LA2317.A.43A3 914 Library of Corgess 152
Adam, 8ir Ronald, bart.,1885 Assault at arms; a policy for disarmament 1by3 Sir Ron- ald Adam and Charles Judd. London, Published forthe United Nations Association of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland by Weidenfold and Nicolson (19601 80 p. 23 on.
1. Disarmament. r. Judd, Charles, joint author.xi. Title.
JX1974.A87 341.67 61-370
Library of Congress 12, CATALOGING
INDEX ADDED TITLES Page 258
ANALYTICS Page 259
ART BOOKS Page 256
AUTHOR CROSS REFERENCES Page 257
AUTOBIOGRAPHY See Biography. Page 256
BASIC AUTHORITY Page 256
BIOGRAPHY Page 256
CLASSIFICATION Page 256
COMPOUND NAMES Page 257
C:ONTINUATIoNS Page 260
COPYRIGHT DATE Page 257
CROSS REFERENCESSUBJECT HEADINGS Page 257
CROSS REFERENCESAUTHOR Page 257
CUTTER NUMBER Ste Biography Page 256.
ENCYCLOPEDIAS See Continuations Page 260
JUVENILE LITERATURE Page 257
JUVENILE FICTION Page 257
REFERENCE BOOKS See Reference vs. Circulating Page 258
REVISED EDITIONS Page 258
SERIAL PUBLICATIONS See Continuations 11:,ge 260
SHAKESPEARE Page 259
SUBJECT HEADINGS Page 257
SUBJECT HEADING CROSS REFERENCES Page 257
SYMBOLS PAge 268 BASIC AUTHORITY
The Library of Congress Rules of Descriptive Cataloging and theALA
Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries will be followed as rt basic authorities.
CLASSIFICATION Dewey classification numbers will be used as supplied by theLibrary of Congress.if classification number mist be assigned, the latest edition or the Dewey Decimal Classification will be used.EXCEPTIONS, 1.Numbers for individual biography will be shortened to 926 L.C. will be followed when they class in the subject, 780.92, 796.357. Expansion after the decimal point will be limited to Is places in most cases.Longer nwnbers will, be cut back to a total of 4, uraess this places the book with a differ- ent subject, in which case 9 may be used, o"leaves a zero or a meaningless portion of a standardeadivision at the end, in which case the number is cut down until meaningful. The number 372 is used only for the art or practice of teaching.Readers are reclassified to fit with subject matter, e.g., Jennings, Jerry E. The South.L.C. assigned a reader number, 372.891: we reclassed as917.54 ItsWhen L.C. supplies two different numbers, we use the one distinguished 'by an asterisk, which is the later one. 5.In rare cases LC classifies historical orbiographical works even though the subject heading indicates"Fiction." We will follow this procedure. BIOGRAPHY CLASSIFICATION Class numbers for individual biography will be shortened to 92. L.C. will be followed when they class.n the subject, e.g.:780.92, 796.357.Collective biography will be classed in 9201s according to L.C., with the appropriate subdivision, e.g.*Presidents U.S 923.127.Use cutter for all individual biographies and critiques, whether of an author, artist, musician, or football player.This . « includes autobiographies.The author of an tAtobiography is to appear as a subject heading. Works about Shakespeare are to be cuttetred for the author. SAWN MU: In cuttering, use the three figure cutter table) altered OW fitted by Hiss Kate Sanborn .4).
ART BOOKS Anon an art-book is cataloged under the artist as if he were the authors he must appear as a subject entry and is tobe Guttered too.
256 AUTHOR CROSS MERE/ICES No author cross references will be used inthe book catalog.Du- plicate entries will be made for pseudonyms andvarying forms of the authorss.nameo as well as co- authors, etc.
COMPOUND HAMS Compound names will appear in the book catalogs as if ajoint author. ExamplesTheauthoris "Fitzgerald-Fitzwilliams, FrancesI" Add tracingsFit:minions, Frances X. Fitzgerald- Will appear in book catalog as follows: Fitxwilliams, Frances X. F. 920 (Fitsgerald-Pitswilliams, Frances X) Irish Idngs, Macmillan,x90. Should a person with a compound name be the subjectof a works an added subject tracing will substitute for across-reference. In addition to compound names, this method replaces crossreferences for names :beginning with a free-standing propositions
desde lapdl van von etc.
SUBJECT HEADINGS 'Subject beading. will be used as L.C. has suppliedthem.If any must be assigned, the latest edition ofLibrary of Congress Sub- ject headings .will be used. SiZ ALSO Biographyand Art bookiss p.l.
SUBJECT HEADING CROS REFERENCW No subject cross references rill be used in the bookcatalog.Patrons must comsat Subject Headings used in the Diction Cat....w of_tiLe. Library of Congress.
MIVEICLE LITERATURE aub-Division Juvenile Literature will be ome.tted as a subdivision Inthe child- ren's natalogs S*11. Sltblvt. tviSZVAelfil afectievie
COPYRIGHT DA,TE Both the date of publication andcopyright date will be used if the difference is two years or more,EXCEPT for fiction where the or- iginal copyright date is to be used.In cataloging non-fictions use only the latestcopyright date if (iihers are two or Irv..
257 REVISED EDITIONS A separate entry will be made for revised editions. No new entry will be made if the same plate, were used even though the publisher and date ma vary.
REFERENCE VS CIRCULATING - DISTINCTION Separate and duplicate entries are to appear in book catalogs for any title held by some libraries for circulation and by some (whe- ther the same or different) in Reference.Only the location liner will differ, providing information about which libraries have in each circumstance.. (Or course, the clawification number will be accompanied bg the letter "R" if the title is held as Reference)
=Bow Do Not uses 1.EB-Easy Book 2./ -Young Adult 3.q -Oversize I.C -California 5. Lettere denoting Foreign Language uses 1.The letter "j" in classifying Juvenile Books 2.The letter "R" in classifying Reference Books
ADM TITLES 1. An added title is supplied when the book has been published under two different titles: 1938- Sailor on horseback. 1965- Jack London, sailor on horseback. When adding the 1965 edition shown above, supply added title as follows s II.TitlesSailor on horseback SEE IMO Jack London* sailor on horseback, AI When adding the 1938 edition shown above, supply added title as follows II.TitlesJack London, sailor on horseback SEE ALSO Sailor on horseback, Lb
258 Once entry has appeared in book catalog,instruct production to add tracing that shows thevariant tom of title and, if necessary, to indicate bynote, "Also published as 4100(variant title)" that such a change has occurred. Added titles are traced when the book'stitle as it appears in body of card is uninformative or nonaumoreblo; e.g. Revised bibliography on the cutthroattrout;Book on wingless flight. -Aided titles will be typed onto slipat end of tracings. II.Bibliography on the cutthroat troutbEE ALSO Revised Bibliography on the cutthroat trout byOliver B. Cope. I/. Wingless flightSin Bookon Wingless flightby John Wheeler. The above is handled withdiScretion, normally. only when traced by L.C. Special case:Each of Shakespeare's dramatizationsof English kings will be assigned as a conventionaltitle the kLngls name and no., e.g.King Richard IX.Unless the publisher has used this conventional title for theedition on handA the title tracing is expanded to read as per title pages asfollows: Titles King Richard II.The tragedy of King Richard the Second.
whenthe title-page reap 1The tragedy of King Richard the Second. Added decisions No atteapt will be made to reitarzi any variant of a Shakespearian play until one is newlyacquired by a member library.
ANALYTICS Analyze collections of drama up to 10(including 10).IGECEPTIONs "Best plays" series, which is treated ascontinuation. When L.C. analyzes major portions of awork, we will do so, but the tracings must be rewritten. Form for tracings Dock brief, by JohnMortimer (In hisThree Plays) CCOTINUAT/ONS 1Continuations will be indiciated ty open entiy, including frequency statement if available.Review collation closely to be sure items applicable only to one volume are left out.Add notes "For library holdings consult the Referencelibrarian" Publications frequently revised are to be treated as contin- uations,e.g. ARCO CAREERBOOKS and TRAVEL GUIDES Revised *vow 2nd or 3rd year.
3w General encylopenas are to be handled as if they werecontin- 4aations Classic fiction titles are to be treated as openentry showing only author and title, followed by notes "For librazy holdings consult the Referencelibrarian." This includes authors such as Dickens, Theckery andScott in the adult field and titles such as Little womenRobinson Cruses and Alice in ion arland in the juvenilefrn.eld:(Black GoTrlibraries, 14-60 1.Special cases Large type editions of fiction classicswill con- tinue to be cataloged individually and assignedthe subject "Large print entices.°
260 APPENDIX E
BOOK CATALOGS: COSTDATA Adequate and reliable cost data are needed for. production of book catalogs. Some estimates havebeen made and a few actual figures are available. Cautionis urged in interpreting tile data by those closelyassociated with the figures available. In only one processing center is there a book catalogrecording and identifying the holdings of member librariesThe Black Gold Cooperative Library System ProcessingCenter, Ventura, California. (Sample entries from the book catalogs appear in Chapter XIV.) Rules forediting the content of the catalogs appear in Appen- dix D through the courtesy of Mrs. Catherine S. Chadwick,Director, Library Services, Ventura County and City Library, California.)The catalogs are prepared by the Science Press atEphrata, Pennsylvania, by the use of punched sequentialcards. No cost data were available.Future planning involves a computerization program. State-wide book catalog programs have been proposed for NewYork and North Carolina. In the study, Centralized Processing for the Public Libraries of New YorkState, a guide for the programming of a bock catalog is carefully delineated in appendixes D, E, and F.1 In the proposed plan for North Carolina, no estimated costs werecited. The skeletonic plan for the book catalog program and proposed sample entries are included inChapter XIV. Cost data from two large public libraries are included because,with their complex of branches, the scope of their programs and problems is similar to those of a centralized processing center.(They are unlike in their centralized administration and ready implementation of commonpolicies.) Cost data, estimated or actual, follow: From Marylar d. Enoch Platt Free Library. From New York. From Pennsylvania.. Free Library of Philadelphia.
From Maryland Cost data from Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, are includedbecause Enoch Pratt with its branch pro- gram represents a situation at theplanning stage similar to that of a proposed processing center. According to the specifications, three catalogs were to be prepared: Catalog A.800 copies of an 8 1 / 2 x 11 inch, paper-bound adult catalog of 15,000 titles,54,500 entries. . . Catalog B.800 copies of an 81/2 x 11 inch, bound adult catalog of 20,000 titles,71,500 entries... Catalog C.200 copies of an 81/2 x 11 inch, paper-bound juvenile catalog of 2,000titles, 7,500 entries. The "Detailed Specifications on Service Contract for Preparing, Printing, andBinding Book Catalogs" follow. Bids on the specifications were due on or by May 4, 1966. Of the six companies towhom the bid was sent, only three responded. Bids from those three became open information at the CityHall in Baltimore and are included through the courtesy of the Enoch Pratt Free Library. The bids follow the"Detailed Specifications."Miss Esthex J. Piercy, Chief of Processing, forewarns that The bids were made on mythical catalogswe have no idea what the patternwill be, either as to schedule or contents, so we set up these imaginary ones just for comparativebidding purposes. The first volume of the book catalog is scheduled for publication in September1966. Included also with the specifications and bids are: Sample page illustrating the types of entries and variant information tobe included for author, title, and subject entries.
262 Esther Piercy on "The A directive addressed to"All Staff Members"from Marian Sanner and Book Catalog and CatalogRecords," dated 6/15/66. of the Enoch Pratt FreeLibrary. The documents were madeavailable through the courtesy
FOOTNOTES Public Libraries of New YorkState, Appendixes D, E, andF. 1. New York State Library,Centralized Processing for the Appendix D:Processing System Considerations. Appendix E:Description of Machine System. Appendix F:Projected Costs of the RecommendedPlan. Piercy, Chief of Processing, EnochPratt Free Library, June 29,1966. 2. Letter from Miss Esther J. Libraries of New York State,"Appeneiz D:' g. 12. 3. New York State Library,Centralized Processing for the Public 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid., "Appendix D, Table D-5," p.13. Resources and TechnicalServices, VIII (Fall 1964), 349-358. 6. Brown, Margaret C., "ABook Catalog at Work," Library Division, Free Library ofPhiladelphia, July 7, 1966. 7. Letter from Miss MargaretC. Brown, Chief, Processing 8. Ibid. DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS ON SERVICE CONTRACT FOR PREPARING, PRINTING, AND BIFDING BOCK CATALOGS, ENOCH PRATT FREE LIBRARY
1. THE CONTRACT This contract is for the preparation of library book catalogs for the Enoch Pratt Free library of Baltimore City, storing the information and producing supplements and ac- cumulatious as needed. The iirogram will start as soon as possible, with, if possible, the first catalogpublished in the Summer of 1966, and continuing with publications at r csendy-undetermined intervals until the contract is cancelled. THIS CONTRACT WILL RUN FOR A THREE (3) YEARS PERIOD WITH OPTION TO EXTEND CONTRACT FOR AN ADDITIONAL TWELVE (12) MONTHS BY MUTUAL CONSENT OF CONTRACTING PARTIES.
It may be cancelled by either the LIBRARY OR THE VENDOR ON SIX (6) MONTHS NOTICE, OR, IMMEDIATELY, ON FAILURE OF VENDOR TO MEET SPECIFICATIONS AS OUTLINED HEREIN. Failure to meet publication dates(as established by Vendor and Library) or error of more than 2% (including prescribed arrangement ofinformation), or a completed catalog ofunacceptable readability would be considered cause for cancellation. MethoJ of production is 110E hetelia specified, the Vendor being free to bid on the method he considers most feasible in meeting the requirements as outlined herein. Information typed on tabular cards and then photographed by sequential camera, or print-outs from computerstored information would be among the acceptable procesSes. It should be stressed that this is a service and, although cost is animportant consider- -qion, the quality and schedule of the work are of primary importance.
2. THE PROGRAM The first catalog will be published in June 1966 or as soonthereafter as possible and not later than September 1,1966. This catalog will contain approximately 15,000 tides or 53,000 entries plusapproximately 1,500 cross references; it will be paper-bound. A second book catalog will contain approximately 25,000titles or 90,000 entries (only a few hundred duplicatingthose in the first catalog described above). This will display the holdings of a new branch to be opened in January,1967; the catalog must be ready by then. It will be cloth-bound.
During 1967 a pattern of bi-monthly or quarterly supplementswith periodic cumulations will be established for 1967 and the years following. The determinationof frequency and amount of accumulation will depend upon funds, hence on the resultsof a Bond- issue vote in November, 1966. The Planning must be considered flexible at this time. Itis understood that the pro- gram may be enlarged (toinclude other libraries, for instance) or curtailed (e.g. shorten- ing the entries or the Library's assuming more of the work ofproduction). Also-, the number of copies may vary.In any such case, the contract would be adjusted, equitable to both parties (Library &Vendor).
264 - _
It is further understood thatall products of the operation(tapes, cards, catalogs, etc.) will be the property of the Library andthat any programs developedjointly by the Library and the Vendor or dr.iveloped for theLibrary by the Vendor wouldconti-nm to be available to the Library's use eventhough the contract was cancelled.
3. REQUIREMENTS OF VENDOR The Contracto4 Vendor, or Bidder mustbe prepared to produce proof ofbusiness stability and of appropriate experience toundertake all of the work requited toproduce a library book catalog, including 'advising onthe Library's techniques inthe preparation of data or information supplied. re must alsohave iroduced a library bookcatalog in a program of library for one or more years,this catalog completelysatisfactory and acceptable to the whom it was prepared. He mustbe plepared to maintainschedules agreed upon by the Library and Vendor, and he will arrangeand pay for all transportationof data and materiel between Library and his plant.
4. DATA SUPPLIED BY THE LIBRARY Data or information (sourcedocuments) to be included in thebook catalog will be supplieci in random order by the Library, atfirst on typed or processedcatalog cards; later, perhaps, on punched paper tape orpunched cards. The Vendor must,therefore, have equipment com- patible with automated typewriters(Fiexowriters, Dura Mach 10, orSCM).
This data will be supplied on onecard (or source document) pertitle and will include full cataloging information; callnumber, author or main entry,full title, edition statement, im- print, collation, series andother notes and tracings. Thisit c)rmation the Vendor will record (Input) and code to provideentries in the catalog under authorand each tracing. The author entry will include thefull information including tracings;subject entry will give selected information; and title entrywill give only title, author,number of pages and date. THIS PATTERN OF FULLNESSWILL BE FOLLOWED IN ALLEDITIONS AND CUMU- LATIONS OF THE BOOK CATALOGUE.
The Vendor will arrange theentries in the order specifiedby the Library.
Tl'e style of the entries willfollow that of a catalog card, thatis, with separate para- graphs for author, title, collation, notes,and tracings.
The arrangement of the information onthe page, as well as coverdesign, etc., will be agreed upon by the Library andVendor.
Title-page information and introductoryinformation for each volumewill be supplied by the Library.
5. FORM OF THE BOOKCATALOG A. CONTENT Th..' juvenile and adult entrieswill alw'ys appear in separatevolumes, and the publishing schedules of the two maydiffer. Within these two,further groupings will be planned, by the Vendorand Library, depending on themethod of preparation. Thus, the adult entries maybe divided into tw©: (1) namesand titles and (2) sub- jects; or they may be dividedin three groups: (1) author s,(2) titles, and (3) sub- jects.
245 Miscellaneous materials (z;ach as recordings, serials, etc.) may he issued as separate sections in the regular volumes or as separate catalogs issued on a different schedule.
13. PRODUCTION The catalog should be produced: (1) by offset (press or ranisi copier) or by letter press; (2) on both sides of leaves of not less than 8% x 11 or larger than 9 x 12 inches; (3) with runrtiilg heads and pkzge numbers; (4) in upper-and lower-case, sans-serif face; (5) with foreign language symbol.: and accent marks where needed; (6) on white paper of sufficient weight and texture to be opaque, as least 20 pound (Vendor should include sample with bid); (7) printed in black ink, 3 columns per page, text reduced to approximately 8-pt. in size; (8) with entries arranged in order prescribed by the Library. C. BINDING 1. Sheets with be assembled and bound by Venda:. 2. Paper-bound catalogs up to 128 pages (64 leaves) may be saddle-stiched (sewn) or stapled (3 ormore staples), with 2-color covers of durable paper (weight approxi- mately 65-pound cover stock). Thicker volumes may be side-stitched (linen or nylon thread) or perfect bound. Paper-covered volumes will not be more than 5/8 inch in thickness. 3. Basic or cumulated volumes will be hard-bound with flexible backs (over-sewn) and ease bound with durable, washable cloth such as buckram over .080 boards. Headbands and plain end papers are to be used. Bound volumes will not be thicker than 2 inches. (Samples and additional information on all questions are available from the Library's Chief of Processing or Head Cataloger.
6. THE BID Becarlre of variations in the amount ©f catalo,ing done in a period and in the amountof information necessary for each title, it is not possible to know in advance the exact con- tents or size of an issue of the book catalog,but the forowing descriptions of approxi- mations of 3 examples ffaay be used for bidding purposes. A. 300 copies of a 8% x 11 inch, paper-bound adultcatalog of 15,000 titles, 54,500 entries as follows: 12,500 Mill entries, non-fiction (averaging 282 charactersincluding spaces, 8 liner nee ertry) 2,500 Amainentries, fiction (averaging 60 characters, 3 lines per entry) 18,509 subject, entries, non-fiction (averaging 107 characters, 4 lines perentry) 500 subject entries, fiction (averaging 90 characters, 3 lines perentry) 12,500 title entries, non-fiction (averaging 112 characters, 3lines per entry) 2,500 title entries, fiction (averaging 78 characters, 2 lines perentry) 3,500 ,other added entries (averaging 118 characters,4 lines per entry) 200 analytics, non-fiction (averaging 136 characters,6 lines per entry) 300 analytics, fiction (averaging 100 characters, 4 lines perentry) 1,000 "see" references (averaging 121 characters, 2Hiles per entry) 500 "see also" references (averaging 195 characters,4 lines per entry)
266 B.300 copies of an 81/2 x 11,bound adult catalog of 20,000titles 71,500 entries (those in Aabove previously used plus5,000 new titleb, 18,500 entries). The newentries distributed asfollows: 4,500 main entries, non-fiction(averaging 282 charactersincluding spaces, 8 lines per entry) 500 main entries, fiction(averaging 60 characters, 3lines per entry) 6,500 subject entries, non-fiction(averaging 107 characteF,,4 lines pe, 3ntry) entry) 150 subject entries,fiction (averaging 90characters, 3 lines per 4,500 title entries, non-fiction(averaging 112 characters,3 lines per entry) 500 title entries, fiction(averaging 78 characters, 2lines per entry) 1,150 other added entries( averaging 118 characters,4 lines per entry) 100 analytics, non-fiction(averaging 136 characters,6 lines per entry) 100 analytics, fiction(averaging 100 characters,4 lines per entry) (averaging 121 characters, 2lines per entry) 350 "see" references entry) 150 "see also"references (averaging 195characters, 4 lines per titles, C. 200 copies of a81/2 x 11 inch, paper-boundjuvenile catalog of 2,000 7,500 entries as follows: averaging 5-7 lines 2,600 main entries, non-fiction(averaging 125 characters, per entry) averaging 3 lines perentry) 400 main entries, fiction(averaging 58 characters, characters, averaging 3lines 2,500 subject entries,non-fiction (averaging 106 pta entry) lines per 100 subject entries,fiction (averaging 74characters, averaging 3 entry) 1,600 title entries, non-fiction(averaging 107 entries, 2lines per entry) 400 title entries, fiction(averaging 73 entries, 2lines per entry) 590 other added entries(averaging 37 entries, 3lines per entry) entry) 100 analytics,non-fiction (averaging_130entries, 5 lines per 200 "see" references(averaging 121 entries, 2lines per entry) 100 "see also"reference., (averaging 195entries, 4 lines per entry)
267 SPECIFICATIONS & PROPOSAL
Proposal of
Address
Made this Day of 1966
BIDS DUEMAY 4, 1966
CONTRACT BP-66055 PREPARING, PRINTING, BINDING, ETC. BOOK CATALOGS
TO THE BOARD OF ESTIMATES OF BALTIMORE CITY:
Gentlemen:
The undersigned agrees to furnish and deliver as specified PREPARING,PRINTING, BINDING, ETC. BOOK CATALOGS for the ENOCH PRATT FREE LIBRARYin accordance with the ATTACHED SPECIFICATIONS & SAMPLE and otherdocuments herein and at the following prices:
PRICE PER PAGE CATALOG A $ BY NUMBER OF PAGES FOR EACH BOOK (TO BE DETERMINED BY BIDDER) BY 300 COPIES.
TOTAL CATALOG A $
PRICE PER PAGE CATALOG B $ BY NUMBER OF PAGES FOR EACH BOOK (TO BE DETERMINED BY BIDDER) BY 300 COPIES.
TOTAL CATALOG B $
PRICE PER PAGE CATALOG C $ BY NUMBER OF PAGES FOR EACH BOOK BOOK (TO BE DETERMINED BY BIDDER) BY 200 COPIES. TOTAL CATALOG C $
TOTAL LUMP SUM BID CATALOG"A", "B", &
268 ENOCH PRATT FREELIBRARY
Bids 91b91211gai
lay 10, 1966 SidskaLs 12.01.5.9 DeteMatic Johnson Prince Science Press usimosammummuNIMMIMIND 1,196 977 O. pages Cot.tit 1,000 1,624 1,309 47:*,pops Cat. B 1,346 121 to. pages Cat. C 110 144
43.68 'post per page Cat. A 31,086 28,09'.? 18.16 :cost per page Cat. 8 20.976 12.24 44.37 :est per page Cat. C 3045 25.62 i:otal cost Cat. A 11,086.00 33,595.64 42,675.36 Natal cost Cat. B 28,23235 19,877.76 23v 771.44 rota' cost Cat. C. 3,360.30 3,689.28 5,368.77
21,815.57 Coital Cost A, 8 & C 62,678.85 57,162.68 .12 correction per line .12 .14 correction per entry .40 .54 .75 .20 withdrawing entry .04 .09 withdrawing all entries .40 .34 .50 rev. 102 working days Timing on Cat. A 12 weeks 120 days 90 days 132 working days Timingon Cat. 10 weeks 44 working days riming on Cat. C 3 weeks GO days
Estimated costs per entry coat per entry Cat. `A .3704 .6164 .7803 cost per reprint entryCat. I .3238 .1554 .1727 coat per entry Cat. C .4411 .492 .715 269 Sample page: Enoch:. Pratt Free Library Book Catalog
American society in action Fisch, Ladislav, ed. Ross, Malcolm Harrison, 1895- Riddle, Donald H.., ed. Research In deafness in children. London, The Cape Fear. Holt c1965 340p. HN58.R53 The National Deaf Children's Socletyc1964 maps, bibl.: p.323-327. (Rivers of 103p. bibl. "Proceedings of a conference at America) Oxford hold on the 6th and 7th of April, '1963, 1. Cape Feat River Valley History.I. AUDIOMETRY - CONGRESSES and organized by the Medical Research Com- Title Poch, Ladisiav, ed. mittee of the National Deaf Children's F2624C2116 Research In deafness in children.c1964 Society." 103p. 1. Deafness -.Congresses. 2. Audi- RF290.F5 onto - Congresses.I.Title The unfinished experiment RF290.F5 Bosch, Juan, Pres. Dominican Republic, 1909 Bosch, Juan, Pres. Dominican Republic, F1938.55.1366 1909 - Fowler, Henry Watson, 1858-1933 Theunfinished experiment; democracy In A dictionarof modern English usage. 2d the Dominican Republic. Praeger c1965 ed., rev. byStirErnest Cowers. Oxford, U.S. CIVJLIZATION 289p. Translation of Crisis do la domocraola Clarendon Press c1965 725p. Riddle, Donald H., ed. de America en la Republiqa Dominica. 1. English language. 2. English American society in action; c1965 410p. 1. Dominican Republic - Politics and language - Idioms, corrections, errors.I. HN58.R53 government -1961-I.Title Title F1938.55.866 XPE1628.F65 1965 U.S. - SOCIAL CONDITIONS Riddle, Donald H., ed. The Cape Few FRONTIER AND PIONEER LIFE - American society in action; c1965 410p. Ross, Malcolm Harrison. 1895- OREGON BAKER CO. HN58.R53 F262.C2R6 Lee, Mabel (Barbee) The Rainbow years; c1966 175p. F882.B2L4 CAPE FEAR RIVER VALLEY - HISTORY Ross, Malcolm Harrison, 1895 - The Cape Fear. c1965 340p. GOLD MINES AND MINING - OREGON F262.C2R6 BAKER CO. Lee, Mabel (Barbee) The Rainbow years; c1966 175p. Congressional Quarterly Service, Washington, F382.B2L4 D .0. Legislators and the lobbyists. Washington c1965 78p. (A CQ book) Lee, Mabel (Barbee) 1. Lobbyists - U.S. 2. Lobbying.' The Rainbow years; a happy interlude. I.Title AutoWography Doubleday 0.966 175p. JK1118.C66q 1. Frontier and pioneer life - Oregon - Baker Co. 2. Gold mines and mining Oregon - Baker Co.I.Title DEAFNESS - CONGRESSES F882.B2L4 Fisch, Ladisiav, ed. Research in deafness in children. c1964 103p. Legislators and the lobbyists RF290.F5 Congressional Quarterly Service, Washington, D.C. JK1118.C66q A dictionary of modern English usage Fowler, Henry Watson, 1858-1933 LOBBYING XPE1628.F65 1965 Congiessional Quarterly Service, Washington, D.C. Legislators and the lobbyists. c1965 78p. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC - POLITICS AND JK1118.C66q GOVERNMENT - 1961 Bosch, Juan, Pres, Dominican Republic, 1909 - LOBBYISTS - The unfinished expaiment; c1965 Congressional Quarterly Service, Washington, 289p. D.C. F1938.55.866 Legislators and the lobbyists. c1965 78p. JK1118.C66q
ENGLISH LANGUAGE Fowler, Henry Watson, 1858-1933 The Rainbow years A dictionary of modern English usage. Lee, Mabel (Barbee) c1965 725p. F882.B2L4 XPE1628.F65 1965
Research in deafness in children ENGLISH LANGUAGE - IDIOMS, COR- Fisch, Ladislav, ed. RECTIONS, ERRORS RF290.F5 Fowler, Henry Watson, 1858-1933 A dictionary of modern English usage. c1965 725p. Riddle, Driald H., ed. XPE1628.F65 1965 American society in action; readings for The problems and promise of American Democracy. McGraw c1965 410p. "Sponsored by the Eagleton Institute of
1, 1,, Politics, Rutgers - the State University of New Jersey." 1. U.S. - Social conditions. U.S. - Civil;altitv.1. Title 270 HN58.R53 ENOCH `fiRATTFREE LIBRARY Books - Cataloging Information -6/15/66
All Staff Yembers To: Piercy From:Marian Bannerand Esther Catalog Records The BookCatalog and information to John- started sendingcataloging The CatalogDepartment has This who willproduce ourBook Catalog. Prince, Inc.,the contractor Brown in design- son and which, workedwith Kirgaret Philadelphia printingfirm is the one Free Libraryof Philadelphia. ing the bookcatalog of the Philadelphia one.A sample pageis will not looklike the Ours, however, punctuation to becorrected, the ar- This is just asample; it has some it does show attached. the sheet arethe same; but haphazard, andbotli sides of photo- rangement is made, to beginwith, by means of catalog willlook. It will be tapes will the way our cards;typewriter punched information fromtyped tabulator dictionary graphing the computer storage. It will be a for laterconversion to be preserled card catalogs. catalog arrangedlike our present printers) Book CatalogCommittee, and the We (the CatalogDepartment, the include all necessary attractive andreadable page, to have worked toachieve an wasted space,using abbre- and bulk downby cutting information: butto keep costs cataloging information. The descriptive viations, end by somerearrangement of The main entry paragraph as inPW and BPWlisting. Information ispulled into one carried on cards,except bibliographicalinformation formerly will carry allof the listed in theLiterary MarketPlace general Americantrade publishers included in the that for Even thetracings will be of publicationis omitted. gaging, and the place have subject,main entry, date, The subjectentries will and call number. main entry. will show onlytitle, main,entry, call ntaber. The title entry Cross referenceswill be included. Fiction Will sayFICT. in placeof trill number. te,LC, hence for books catalogs willalways The call numbersfound la book with yellowstrips. call numberwill'include X, e.g.: cataloged onlyreference, the the X For Noks reference andcirculating copies, titles whichhave both XPE6801. For those Entries fortitles held onlyby the parentheses, as:(X)PE1628a65. call numbers; but will be in "Ref."' as the firstpart of the ReferenceDepartment willinclude Maryland) and a sub- Reference Department(or Poe Room or titles heldby both the the callnumber, as:(X)PN6084.R3M43 will carry anotation following -list) ject department not be shown(except on the shelf (or Poe orMi.).Location will eIso: Ref. subject departmentor byoffices, nonpublic held by asecond or third titles in Y only;for for titles shown exceptfor those departments, etc.Y will not be Works in bothadult and the classificationnumber. these "YColl."will precede catalogs, and there be listed inboth adultand juvenile juvenilecollections will will be notie-up betweenthe two.
271 We will have enough catalogs printed to put as manycopies as needed in 1 every agency -- this will be workedout with each agency later.
The first catalog will come out in earlySeptember and will include the adult titles recently cataloged (those for whichagencies are now receiving single catalog cards) plus as many as possible of theworks cataloged with yellow sets of cards. This will be followed in the fall by a juvenilecatalog for titles cata- loged May 15, 1965, to date, and an adult catalogto complete the titles cataloged since Nay, 1965. When the Reisterstown Road Branch is opened,its collection will
be in LC classification, and it will have its ownbook catalog. This cannot be used in other agencies (except Roland.Park) since the copies of the books in other agencies will not have been re-marked.After that (in the spring) we hope to have a cumulated catalog made and thento get onto a regular schedule.The frequency of issuance will depend GA the money we have towork with.
Decisions have not been made on handling of special materials, e.g.,Mary- land publications, periodicals and other serials,audio-visual materials, maps, music, etc.
After the opening of Branch 31 and of the new Branch25, the Catalog De- partment will start reclassifying old titles toLC; they will begin with titles held by branches (any branch); this will be followedby re-marking the books in the branches and other Extension agencies. Then they will start reclassification, large subject by subject. The timing on this work will depend on the outcome of the Bond issue.
As of June 1 the Catalog Department(with the approval of the Book Catalog Committee) stopped most of the preparation of full sets of catalogcalls and stopped all filing outside of the Catalog Dei,..Artment. They are distributing some cards, as follows:
(a) 1 full set of white cards to each branch receiving a title newto its collections but not yet reclassed LC.
(b) 1 full set of yellow cards to Maryland Department and to Children's Room for their titles; this is temporary until procedures are worked out for those two agencies.
(c) 1 full set of yellow cards filed in the Official Catalog, This too is temporary; after the Book Catalog catches up, theOfficial will con- tain only main entry cards, branch holding cards,and necessary au- thority cards.
(d) Enough cards for a set to go to Reference Department; they will add headings and file in Public Catalog.This too is a temporary arrange- ment.
(e) 1 shelf List card for the central shelf list and 1 for each branch re- ceiving a title (or 2 for title both circ. albaref.).
(f) 1 author card for each public department and each branch receiving a new title. right-hand corner,symbols (f) will later carry:in upper The last group title will appear. This, is for supplement or catalogin which the indicating the bock catalog appears.Directives of discarding cardswhen the covering purposes at appropriatetimes; do not dis- on thesewill come from theCatalog Department card any yellowcards untilnotified.
Staff initials:
From New York
State-wide andnine regional Estimates of costsfor theproposed Processinfor thePublic catalogs weremade inCentralized The costs wereestimated for a hjakciattof NewYork StAe. 14x18 sheetsand photo-reduced book catalog"computerprinted on characteristics: toSix11 size" withthe following
1. Two columnformat. entries. entries per page,60 condensed 2. Thirty full full main entry item, on theaverage, one 3. For each entries . and threecondensed added
4. Monthlysupplements. the optimumintervals. 5. Main catalogreprintings at
those directlyrelated to The costs includedin the figures are printing on the the bookcatalog format: costsfor original platemaking, offsetprinting, computer printerand forphotography, collating andbinding. "Estimate of BookCatalog Definition of termsused in the table on
Costs" which follows are: which thecatalog Buildup period The period during grows from zeroto ten yearsholdings. period in which,at each Constant volumeperiod- A ten year recumulation of themain catalog, old entries arcdeleted to compensate for new entriesadded. (In deterft wining the costsaconstant volume 4 of ten years ofholdings wanassumed).
273 ESTIMATE OF BOOK CATALOG COSTS Table D-5 Appendixpage D 13 EAll Costs in Thousands of Dollars; Computer Print Time in One-Shift Buildup Weeks (40 Hours) 3 Catalog PerThousand Year les Copies 4r Reproduction1 / 10 of _Total PeriodCostS. Reproduction Cost Constant Volume Period PerThousand Year Pages PrintPer YearTimeComputer Computer Print Cost at .25Per Page $ StatewideRegion 1342 452512W.1512 1000 100150100 181 47302323 259 443368 2034611616 4.22.52.07.5 15 548.5 RegionRegion 687 5 10121315 200175150 _ 222633 30363747 2013.51617.5 '1.72.02.22.5 3.444.45 TotalRegion All 9 CatalogsRcgions 15 100 439258 28 36862740 234173 20 29.121.6 2.5 58.343.3 5 BuildupReproductionNotes: Period: Cost: The This cost includes given is photographythe total cost platemaking, averaged over 10 years. However, the cost is not uniformly dis- printing, collating, and binding. Computer Print Cost: This is shown to tributed. It will be low at the outset, and high in the santcomputer an added installation. cost, since this computer time is give some idea -of the relationship to reproduction cost. 5 last year.included in the total operating cost for the It does not repre- From Pennsylvania
Philadelphia appeared The Catalog ofBooks of the FreeLibrary of reproduced by means in 1963. (Sample entries fromthe 2ataglo, and multilith, of the Compos-O-Linecamera,lithograpic plates, to thedevelopment of the appear inChapter IV).Details relating at Work,"by Margaret book catalog maybe found in "ABook Catalog 6 the cost, whatever C. Brown. In the report somevariables affecting catalog are notes. (These the system used toproduce any book The cost figurecited for wereearlier quoted inChapter XIV). was"approximately production of thebook catalogin the first year
$45,000.!
Processing Division ofthe Free In July 1966, MissBrown, Chief, relating Library, furnishedthe followingadditional information
to thecontinuing costsof thenpalmcgakookl: publication, March1963 - May 1966, In the course of cumulate on all factors havevaried. For example, we schedule than wedid the firstcouple years, a different the first the volumes arebound differentlythan they were year, etc. for 175 copiesof each issueof the Our contract calls of the children's catalogand 200 copiesof each issue Cost of an issuedepends on the catalog for adults. $40174 number of pagesin that issue. Wre are charged per pagefor Catalo and f4.393 (higher figure becausefewer copies).T
Free LibraryBook The "Contractfor Printingand Binding of Catalog" and costsfor 1966 follow.
275 FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA
Contract for Printing.muumingd210kama Book Catalog
a. Period of Contract Construct will run for two years beginning June 20,1964 with option to renew for two years more. Contract is sub - ject to cancellation should anticipated appropriations not be voted.
b. Preparation of Catalog Catalog will be made in the following manner: 1. Copy will be photographed by means of sequential card camera; the resulting film will be used to prepare lithographic plates, and the plates will, in turn, be used to print napes on offset press.
2. Copy furnished will be on 3" x5"cards (rotary cut) and camera will photograph 2 -1/8 inches of the 3-inch side of each card.Source material will vary in density on in- dividual card and from card to card, so that handwork by the cameraman will be required to produce even quality in the final product. Title page and one page of introductory material (tot furnished by the Free Library) will appear on each issue.
3. Reduction of copy may be no greater than 35% and page size of finished catalog no larger than 11 x14 inches.
4.The finished catalog will contain 27 entries to a three column page, and each volume of the catalog will contain a maximum of 350 leaves (700 pages). Paper must be substance 16 buff bond of 25% rag content, except for title page and preface which will be printed on 32 pound.
5*Cumulative supplements of the catalog will be perfect hound with covers of appropriate weight. When an issue rune to more than 350 leaves (700 pages) division of the alphabet between volumes will be made with the approval of the Chief of the Processing Divimtor of the Free Library. The basic catalogs will be bound according to accompanying specifica tione and a finished volume will be no more than 14/4 inches in thickness.
c. Publication schedule catalog w two.partst Catalog of Rooks for Adults and Young Adults published monthly, and Catalogof BooVe for Children published bimonthly. The Adult and Mar-Mtcatafiig will be published in its entirety
276 every nine months;the Children'scatalog will bepublished in its entirety' once a year.Supplements to thosebasic catalogs will clmulateuntil the entirecatalog is rerun. For the next twk lvemonths it is expectedthat between 3400 and h1000 additionswill be made permonth, to the Catalog of Books 'or Adultsand Young Adults andapproxi- mately 700 additt-ns willbe made onthly to the Catalog; of Books r Children.Finished catalog(supplement) must be deliveredthin 2 weeks ofpicking up of copy. Finished catalog (1-;( .icissue) must be deliveredwithin is weeks of picking An,( t copy. d. Quotation Quctations should in terms of cost per page.Con- tract, will be for 175 200 copies of eachissue of the Adult and Young Adul:',ktle&log and 150 to175 copies of each issue of theChtk_ren's catalog.
Irom:Margaret C. Brown Chief Processing Division Free Library ofPhiladelphia
Datt-, July 22, 1966
The costs for 1966 were asf lows:
FREE LIBRARY OFPIC"i)ELPHIA
Catalog of Books forChildren
41=91966 19 pages $ 83J17 March 196E 44pages 193a29 May 1966 70 pages 307.51
Catalo of Books for Adultsand Youn Adults Pages Jan.1966 611607 Feb.1966 155 " March 1966 6,472 " 27,014.28 342.27A April 1966 82 " May 1966 123 513.110
From: Margaret C. Bin Chief Processing Division Free Library ofPhiladelphia
Date: July 7,,1966 277 FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA
Cataloof Books for Adults and YounAdults (Sample entries)
GT. BRIT. - HISTORY - JAMS I, 16031625 GREEK LANGUAGE, BIBLICAL - DICTIONARIES - SOURCES ENGLISH Bauer, Walter, 1877- (Mmmlerlain, John, 15547-1628. 487.3 914.2 A Greek-English lexicon of the Nov Testament, C354o The Chamberlain letters; a selection of the 1926g and other early Christian literature; a trane letters of John Chamberlain concerning life in England from 1597 to 1626. Edited by Litton and adaptation of Griochioch- douterhee Elisabeth McClure Thomson. With a pref. by Wbrterbuch zu den SIhriften dos Nounn Toots- ments and der Ubrigen urchristlichen Literatur, A.L. Rouse. Putnam c°19653 4th rev. and auga. ed., 1952, by William F. 370p.
Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. University of GT. BRIT. - SOCIAL CONDITIONS Chicago Press c°19573 Marwick, Arthur, 1936 - 914.2 and the First 909p. M369d The deluge; British society World War. Little, Brown ge1965. 336p. illus.
Great jurgles. GREEK PHILOLOGY - HISTORY 574 Sanderson, Iran Teren-4, 1912- 880.9 Osanakoploa, Deno John 5561 Ivan Sandersonla book of grtrA jungles, 0261i Greek scholars in Venice; studies in the by 'fan T. Sar:erson with David Loth. dissemination of Greek learning from Byzan- J. Messner ,.:19653 tium to Western Europe. Harvard University 460p. Press 01962. 318p. illus.
Bibliography: p. 305-337.
Catalog of Books for Children (Sample entries)
J914.336 SaiSt2 Musk, Miroslav 3917.0 IMAh, Marjorie This is Munich. .$.v York. Macmillan 1932p3 The Pennsylvaniastory, byMarjoryRuth 01959s sands Muriel Tsy1oxoIllus. ty Jack (lamina 60p. Maps by Jane Castle. Philadelphia, Frank- lin Pub. and Supply Co. 01964. 214.
RUTH(BIBLICAL CHANACTIR) Mick, Eleanor, 19112. j220.92 Malvern, Gladys The little school at Cottonwood Corner*. The foreigner; the story of agirl named 193a2 Newlrorki Hazysr & Nov Roth. Decorations by CorinneMalvern. 01965e New York, D. Relay 01956 waged. 2110.
SCHOOL AND mom! 3 Whin, Margaret, pseud. Katrina of the lonely isles. filer York, see Ariel Hooks019611e cesium anSC3001. 162p.
278