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Integrated CCS Pre-Feasibility Carbonsafe Illinois East Sub-Basin F

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Integrated CCS Pre-Feasibility Carbonsafe Illinois East Sub-Basin F Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise (CarbonSAFE): Integrated CCS Pre-Feasibility CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin Final Report March 1, 2017 - October 31, 2019 Principal Investigator: Dr. Hannes Leetaru Business Contact: Illinois State Geological Survey 615 E. Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820-7406 [email protected] Report Issued: October 31, 2019 U.S. DOE Cooperative Agreement Number: DE-FE0029445 Prairie Research Institute The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois c/o Office of Sponsored Programs & Research Administration 1901 S. First Street Suite A Champaign, Illinois 61820 1 2 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, or manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. 3 Contents DISCLAIMER................................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Contributors .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 14 Project Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 15 Accomplishments and Benefits of this Project ....................................................................................... 17 Regional Geologic Assessment ................................................................................................................... 19 Deep Saline Storage .................................................................................................................................... 20 Cambro-Ordovician Knox Group and the St. Peter Sandstone ............................................................... 24 Knox Carbonates ................................................................................................................................. 24 St. Peter Sandstone ............................................................................................................................. 25 CO2-EOR and Storage Possibility in Illinois East Sub-Basin ..................................................................... 26 Seals ............................................................................................................................................................ 29 Eau Claire Shale ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Maquoketa Shale .................................................................................................................................... 31 New Albany Shale ................................................................................................................................... 33 Storage Complexes in the East Sub-Basin............................................................................................ 33 Regional Screening ...................................................................................................................................... 39 Structural Elements ................................................................................................................................. 39 Natural Gas Storage Fields ...................................................................................................................... 40 Class I Disposal Wells .............................................................................................................................. 43 Groundwater resources .......................................................................................................................... 44 Legal definitions from US EPA (FRL–9923–75–Region 5, 2015):............................................................. 45 Assessment of the National Risk Partnership’s CO2 Sequestration Leakage Modeling Tools .................... 46 Wabash CarbonSAFE Feasibility Project ..................................................................................................... 46 Business, Legal, and Permitting Landscape in Indiana............................................................................ 48 Data Assessment ......................................................................................................................................... 54 Data Acquisition ...................................................................................................................................... 57 Regional Deep Saline Storage Landscape ............................................................................................... 59 Geocellular Model ................................................................................................................................... 61 4 Fate and Transport of Injected CO2 ......................................................................................................... 65 Stratigraphic test well and 2D seismic reflection profiles ....................................................................... 71 References: ................................................................................................................................................. 73 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................... 77 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 78 List of Figures Figure 1 Pre-feasibility study area, CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin. Major sources of CO2 in the broad region are shown as circles, sized by relative emissions (modified from US EPA, 2017), and the area contains multiple saline storage complexes, regionally extensive seals, and opportunities for CO2-EOR. 15 Figure 2 Generalized geologic column of the Illinois Basin (thickness not to scale) with storage complexes (reservoirs and seals) identified in Cambrian and Ordovician Strata in the Illinois Basin. Tertiary seal and oil reservoirs are identified in the overlying strata. .................................................................................... 16 Figure 3: Selected anthropogenic CO2 sources in the CarbonSAFE Illinois – East Sub-Basin region (CO2 emissions greater than 100,000 tonnes/year) are shown as red circles and include plant names. .......... 19 Figure 4 Concentration of total dissolved components in the Mt. Simon Sandstone reservoir waters increases from fresh water in the north to concentrated brines in the south (from Mehnert and Weberling, 2014). ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 5 Regional thickness of combined Mt. Simon Sandstone and Argenta formations. ....................... 22 Figure 6 Regional Structure (elevation in feet) of the Mt. Simon Formation in the expanded East Sub- Basin study area. ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 7 Mapped extent of the regional thickness (feet) of the highly arkosic zone in the Lower Mt. Simon Sandstone. ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 8 Regional thickness (feet) of the St. Peter Sandstone. ................................................................... 25 Figure 9 General stratigraphic column of the Ordovician through Middle Pennsylvanian succession in southern Illinois showing formal and informal units. Oil productive intervals are shown as solid circles (modified from Huff and Seyler, 2010). ...................................................................................................... 27 Figure 10 CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin CO2-EOR area of study. Field-level results (solid colors) from MGSC Phase I work (Finley, 2005) were supplemented with reservoir-level results (hachured lines), showing an additional level
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