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Stratigraphic Framework of Cambrian and Ordovician FEET Tuscar 3000 6000 Rocks Across the Appalachian Basin from Pennsylvania to Tennessee

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Stratigraphic Framework of Cambrian and Ordovician FEET Tuscar 3000 6000 Rocks Across the Appalachian Basin from Pennsylvania to Tennessee U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIONS SERIES MAP I-2264 U.S. GEOL.OGICAL SURVEY ROME TROUGH ALLEGHENY STRUCTURAL FRONT SSEE OHIO -- WEST VIRGINIA HINGE ZONE D'D' Thrust fault underlying Broadtop Imbricate thrust fault in Broadtop Thrust fault underlying Bergton-Crab block of Shumaker and others (1985); block of Shumaker and others (1985); Run block of Shumaker and others 15-20 mi shortening (Jacobeen and 1-5 mi shortening (Shumaker and oth- (1985); 4-5 mi shortening (Shumaker ers, 1985) and others, 1985) A-A' Kanes, 1975; Shumaker and others, 7t 1985) 6t Exxon No. 1 Bean 8t Shell Oil Company 4 Hardy Co., W. Va Shell Oil Company No. 1 Whetzel NW Tie with No. 1 Greenland Lodge Rockingham Co., Va. Occidental Petroleum Corp. Grant Co., W. Va. (Restored to original D data) unpub. Ryder, (R.T. No. 1 Burley position; bed thick- (Restored to original position about (Restored to original position; Marshall Co., W., Va nesses not corrected 25-30 mi southwest of Allegheny struc- bed thicknesses not corrected 3 5 for dip) tural front (Shumaker and others, 1985)) 2 McCormick Phillips Petroleum Company for dip) FEET FEET Parker and Chapman FEET 2000 5000 No. 1 Birney No. A-1 Finch 0 1 No. 1 Troyer Harrison Co., Ohio Marion Co., W., Va DISCUSSION Deep Well Pollution Control Corp. Holmes Co., Ohio LOWER FEET No. D-1 Empire Reeves Steel Div. FEET SILURIAN 5000 VIRGINIA INTRODUCTION Richland Co., Ohio FEET 10,000 Tuscarora Sandstone WEST VIRGINIA 2000 WEST VIRGINIA FEET PENNSYLVANIA Cross section D-D’ featured in this map is the second in a series of restored stratigraphic cross WEST VIRGINIA 0 PENNSYLVANIA Tuscarora Sandstone ora Sandstone sections drawn by the author to show the stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician FEET Tuscar 3000 6000 rocks across the Appalachian basin from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. A second reason for drawing 10,000 Juniata 1000 R these cross sections is to better define the structure of the block-faulted Proterozoic basement rocks Juniata R R Formation OHIO in the Appalachian basin. The first cross section in the series, section E-E’ (Ryder , 1992), is Juniata Formation Formation R R R 6000 R situated 10 to 90 mi (16-144 km) south of section D-D’ (see fig. 1). Section D-D’ is about 215 mi WEST VIRGINIA 11,000 R R Medina Group G R stone (344 km) long, and eight drill holes, 10 to 52 mi (16-83 km) apart and 5,081 to 17,111 ft (1,549- 3000 G R G R R Oswego Sand UPPER 5,215 m) deep, constitute the control (see fig. 1 and table 1). None of the eight drill holes bottomed 1000 R Packer shell of Pepper ? G Oswego Sandstone ORDOVICIAN in crystalline basement rocks of Proterozoic age. Drill holes 6, 7, and 8, located at or east of the and others (1953) 4000 7000 Allegheny structural front, were restored from 5 to 30 mi (8-48 km) southeastward (fig. 1) to Juniata Formation 11,000 G 3000 2000 G G Reedsville account for tectonic transport along underlying thrust faults (Jacobeen and Kanes, 1975; Shumaker and others, 1985). "Clinton" sandstone G G 4000 Shale and shale 7000 G G 12,000 Dayton Formation of Janssens (1977) 4000 G G BASEMENT STRUCTURE Cabot Head of Janssens (1977) Queenston Shale Reedsville 2000 Shale LOWER Formation Reedsville Details of the block-faulted Proterozoic basement rocks underlying cross section D-D’ are only SILURIAN Shale 5000 B 12,000 4 8000 beginning to be understood. The basement-involved normal faults and adjoining fault blocks 3000 ormation B S metabentonite Brassfield Formation Queenston Shale B Dolly Ridge F 3 shown on section D-D’ are projected northward from cross section E-E’ (fig. 1) where basement 4 B of Perry (1964) Dolly Ridge Formation ? structure was interpreted from drill holes that bottomed in Proterozoic basement rocks (Cardwell, 2 Reedsville Shale 1 5000 1977) and from magnetic data (King and Zietz, 1978; Kulander and Dean, 1978). Because the 8000 Trenton Group Antes Shale 13,000 markermarker ofof StithStith (1979)(1979) Nealmont Limestone S metabentonite 5000 1 5 2 basement faults underlying section D-D’ are conjectural, they are shown as 25- to 75-mi- (40- to UPPER Antes Shale of Kay (1944) Trenton Group of Perry (1972)6 of Perry (1964) ORDOVICIAN Trenton Group Nealmont Limestone 120-km-) long, incomplete segments on figure 1. From northwest to southeast, section D-D’ is 3000 5 unnamed limestone 7 of Kay (1944) 7000 and Wardell Formation interpreted here to cross the following basement-involved structures: (1) the relatively stable craton 3 unnamed limestone Witten Limestone 6000 B 7 B 9000 Utica Shale 13,000 7 Benbolt Limestone in eastern Ohio, (2) the Ohio-West Virginia hinge line, (3) the Rome trough, an extensive graben Benbolt Limestone B 7 marker of Stith (1979) marker of Stith (1979) ß marker of Stith (1979) B B Peery Limestone system first identified by Woodward (1961) and McGuire and Howell (1963), and (4) the Eastern Trenton Limestone Black River Group Black River Group B MIDDLE Black River Group 6000 7 West Virginia arch of Kulander and Dean (1978) (see fig. 1). Moreover, the northern end of the ? Lincolnshire Peery Limestone7 B Ward Cove Limestone ORDOVICIAN Black River Group 7 Limestone7 B B 7 Central West Virginia arch (horst) of Kulander and Dean (1978) is interpreted here to terminate MIDDLE 9000 ß marker of Stith (1979) 14,000 Limestone Ward Cove Lincolnshire Limestone ß marker of Stith (1979) 6000 Black River B B ? ? ? within several miles of section D-D’. ORDOVICIAN ? New Market Limestone DATUM Wells Creek Formation Limestone ? DATUM 4000 unnamed argillaceous limestone DATUM New Market DATUM of the St. Paul Group Limestone 8000 METHODOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE St. Paul 7000 10,000 14,000 Group B zone of Calv Wells Creek Formation ? ert (1964) Knox Dolomite ? ? Row Park Stratigraphic correlations between drill holes are based primarily on geophysical logs whereas Kerbel Formation of Janssens (1973) Rose Run Sandstone ? 9 Knox unconformity Limestone lithofacies patterns between drill holes are based primarily on lithologic logs described by the UPPER Kerbel Formation Knox 10,000 CAMBRIAN B zone of Calvert (1964) Dolomite 15,000 Geological Sample Log Company (Pittsburgh, Pa.). Section D-D’ has been restored to a horizontal Conasauga Formation 7000 ? datum located in the middle of the Middle Ordovician unnamed argillaceous limestone of the St. ? of Janssens (1973) Beekmantown of Janssens (1973) ? TD 10,181 ? 8 Paul Group in West Virginia. At the western end of section D-D’ in Richland County, Ohio, the 5000 Rome Formation ? Group of Janssens (1973) Beekmantown 9000 ? datum is located at the base of the Middle Ordovician Black River Limestone or, using local oil ? ? 8 ? ? 8000 TD 5081 TD 7360 ? Group ? 11,000 industry terminology, the base of the Gull River Formation. MIDDLE ? ? ? ? 15,000 ? ? Conasauga Formation ? ? ? Most of the stratigraphic nomenclature used in section D-D’ follows the nomenclature used by PROTEROZOIC TD=Total Depth ? ? ? ? Mount Simon Sandstone of Janssens (1973) ? ? ? ? Ryder (1992 ) in section E-E’ (fig. 1). Existing nomenclature is preferred but in certain places ? ? 16,000 ? ? LOWER modifications and additions are recommended. The following stratigraphic investigations of the ? Cambrian and (or) Ordovician System(s) were particularly applicable to this investigation: (1) ? ? ORDOVICIAN ? ? MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN Beekmantown Calvert (1962, 1963, 1965), Janssens (1973), Stith (1979), and Wickstrom and Gray (1988) in Ohio ? LOWER ORDOVICIAN 8 1The Antes Shale was originally named in central Pennsylvania by Kay (1944) and assigned a ? Group 10,000 and (2) Wagner (1966, 1976) in West Virginia. The correlation chart (fig. 2) shows the specific 9000 12,000 Middle Ordovician age. Wagner (1966) and Ryder (1992) extended the Antes Shale into the EXPLANATION 16,000 time-stratigraphic position of the units identified in selected tectonic provinces along section D-D’ subsurface of northern West Virginia. The Antes Shale is assigned an early Late Ordovician ? Mines Dolomite Member and summarizes the nomenclature assigned to them. Moreover, for comparison, this chart shows (Edenian) age in this study and by Ryder (1992) on the basis of conodont studies and SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ? Gatesburg the nomenclature and time-stratigraphic position of Cambrian and Ordovician units in the adjoining correlations of Middle and Late Ordovician strata in the Eastern United States by Sweet and Formation10 17,000 North Mountain fault block in northern Virginia. Bergström (1976). Lithologic Modifiers Gatesburg ? 10 Dominant Lithology (Used in conjunction with Dominant Lithology) ? TD 16,512 TD 17,111 Formation 2 middle dolomit The Reedsville Shale is extended into the subsurface of Ohio by Calvert (1963, 1964), and ? ? 10,000 ? upper sandy member 13,000 Ryder (1992). Sandstone Sandy e member ? ? UPPER 3 Ore Hill Limestone Member The Utica Shale is extended into the subsurface of Ohio by Fettke (1960), Calvert (1963, ? CAMBRIAN 1964), and Ryder (1992 ). These three authors assigned a Late Ordovician age to the Utica Shale. Sandstone, red Silty REFERENCES CITED er sandy low ? 4 Gatesburg10 member The Dolly Ridge Formation of the Trenton Group was originally named in outcrop of eastern Shale, gray and (or) green Argillaceous; gray and (or) green Formation Calvert, W.L., 1962, Sub-Trenton rocks from Lee County, Virginia to Fayette County, Ohio: Ohio West Virginia by Perry (1972) and assigned a Middle Ordovician age. Rader (1982) and Ryder UPPER C ? 11,000 ? Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 45, 57 p. (1992) extended the Dolly Ridge Formation into Virginia and the subsurface of West Virginia, R MIDDLE CAMBRAMBRIAN R Argillaceous; red -------1963, Sub-Trenton rocks of Ohio in cross sections from West Virginia and Pennsylvania respectively.
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