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Pouteria Sapota
Pouteria sapota Pouteria sapota, mamey sapote, is a species of tree na- propagated by grafting, which ensures the new plant has tive to Central America, naturally ranging from southern the same characteristics as the parent, especially its fruit. Mexico to southern Costa Rica. Today, the tree is cul- It is also considerably faster than growing trees by seed. tivated not only in Mexico, but also in Central America, The leaves are pointed at both ends, 4 to 12 inches in the Caribbean, and South Florida for its fruit, which is length and grow in clusters at the ends of branches. commonly eaten in many Latin American countries. It has different names depending on the country: mamey The fruit is about 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) long and (Cuba), zapote colorado (Costa Rica), níspero and zapote 8 to 12 cm (3 to 5 inches) wide and has flesh ranging in rojo (South America), among others. color from pink to orange to red. The brown skin has a texture somewhat between sandpaper and the fuzz on a peach. The fruit’s texture is creamy and soft. A mamey 1 Description sapote is ripe when the flesh is pink when a fleck of the skin is removed. The flesh should give slightly, as with a ripe kiwifruit. The mamey sapote is related to other sapotes such as sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), abiu (P. caimito) and canistel (P. campechiana), but unrelated to the black sapote (Diospyros digyna) and white sapote (Casimiroa edulis).[2] It should not be confused with the mammee ap- ple (Mammea americana). -
ZAPOTE the Popular Name Represents Many Diverse Edible Fruits of Guatemala
Sacred Animals and Exotic Tropical Plants monzón sofía photo: by Dr. Nicholas M. Hellmuth and Daniela Da’Costa Franco, FLAAR Reports ZAPOTE The popular name represents many diverse edible fruits of Guatemala ne of the tree fruits raised by the Most zapotes have a soft fruit inside and Maya long ago that is still enjoyed a “zapote brown” covering outside (except today is the zapote. Although for a few that have other external colors). It Othere are several fruits of the same name, the is typical for Spanish nomenclature of fruits popular nomenclature is pure chaos. Some of and flowers to be totally confusing. Zapote is the “zapote” fruits belong to the sapotaceae a vestige of the Nahuatl (Aztec) word tzapotl. family and all are native to Mesoamerica. The first plant on our list, Manilkara But other botanically unrelated fruits are also zapote, is commonly named chicozapote. called zapote/sapote; some are barely edible This is one of the most appreciated edible (such as the zapotón). There are probably species because of its commercial value. It even other zapote-named fruits that are not is distributed from the southeast of Mexico, all native to Mesoamerica. especially the Yucatán Peninsula into Belize 60 Dining ❬ ANTIGUA and the Petén area, where it is occasionally now collecting pertinent information related an abundant tree in the forest. The principal to the eating habits of Maya people, and all products of these trees are the fruit; the the plants they used and how they used them latex, which is used as the basis of natural for food. -
Brief Review on the Genus Diospyros: a Rich Source of Naphthoquinones
Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci.: 2017, 5(2), 34-53 ISSN (Print): 2454 – 7492 ISSN (Online): 2347 – 4114 www.ajabs.org Brief Review on the Genus Diospyros: A Rich Source of Naphthoquinones Venu Sharma School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, INDIA * Correspondance: E-mail: [email protected] (Received 01 Sept, 2017; Accepted 14 Sept, 2017; Published 21 Sept, 2017) ABSTRACT: Diospyros genus (Ebenaceae) comprises about 500 species. A number of them are used for their multiple pharmacological activities. Ethano-phramacologically various plant parts are formulated and prescribed in the form of extracts and the decoctions for remedy of different diseases in many tribes. These activities are due to presence of bioactive secondary metabolites in the plant. Systematic and detailed investigation on the composition and pharmacological significance of medicinal plants should be conducted to standardize the formulations, based on ingredients. In the present review, naphthoquinone, naphthalene and naphthol derivatives isolated from Diospyros species are documented here with the pharmacologically important species of the genus. Keywords: Diospyros genus; species; Ebenaceae; pharmacological activities; naphthoquinones. INTRODUCTION: Diospyros genus belongs to the retic, laxative and stypic. Its dried flowers are reported to family Ebenaceae. The plants of Ebenaceae are wide be used in urinary, skin and blood diseases. A dilute ex- spread in tropics and sub tropics, occasionally into tem- tract is used as an astringent lotion for eyes5. Heartwood perate areas. According to Hegnaeur1 the family consists of D.mollis has been found to be active against hook- of seven genera, namely Diospyros, Euclea, Maba, worms but less active against tapeworms14. Oncothea, Rhaphidanthe, Royena and Tetraclis. -
Tropical Insect Chemical Ecology - Edi A
TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol.VII - Tropical Insect Chemical Ecology - Edi A. Malo TROPICAL INSECT CHEMICAL ECOLOGY Edi A. Malo Departamento de Entomología Tropical, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, C.P. 30700. México. Keywords: Insects, Semiochemicals, Pheromones, Kairomones, Monitoring, Mass Trapping, Mating Disrupting. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Semiochemicals 2.1. Use of Semiochemicals 3. Pheromones 3.1. Lepidoptera Pheromones 3.2. Coleoptera Pheromones 3.3. Diptera Pheromones 3.4. Pheromones of Insects of Medical Importance 4. Kairomones 4.1. Coleoptera Kairomones 4.2. Diptera Kairomones 5. Synthesis 6. Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary In this chapter we describe the current state of tropical insect chemical ecology in Latin America with the aim of stimulating the use of this important tool for future generations of technicians and professionals workers in insect pest management. Sex pheromones of tropical insectsUNESCO that have been identified to– date EOLSS are mainly used for detection and population monitoring. Another strategy termed mating disruption, has been used in the control of the tomato pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella, and the Guatemalan potato moth, Tecia solanivora. Research into other semiochemicals such as kairomones in tropical insects SAMPLErevealed evidence of their presence CHAPTERS in coleopterans. However, additional studies are necessary in order to confirm these laboratory results. In fruit flies, the isolation of potential attractants (kairomone) from Spondias mombin for Anastrepha obliqua was reported recently. The use of semiochemicals to control insect pests is advantageous in that it is safe for humans and the environment. The extensive use of these kinds of technologies could be very important in reducing the use of pesticides with the consequent reduction in the level of contamination caused by these products around the world. -
High Risk, Naturalized, Zoochorous Seeds, Edible Fruit, Cultivated
Family: Ebenaceae Taxon: Diospyros digyna Synonym: Diospyros membranacea A. DC. Common Name: Black persimmon Diospyros obtusifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Wil Black sapote Diospyros obtusifolia Kunth Sapote negro Diospyros sapota Roxb. Diospyros nigra Blanco Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 7 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic -
White Sapote Growing in the Home Landscape1 Jonathan H
HS1054 White Sapote Growing in the Home Landscape1 Jonathan H. Crane and Carlos F. Balerdi2 Scientific Name: Casimiroa edulis and C. tetrameria and hybrids Common Names: white sapote and casimiroa (English), zapote blanco (Spanish), sapote blanc (French) Family: Rutaceae Relatives: Wooly leaf white sapote (C. tetrameria) Origin: Highlands of central Mexico and Central America. Distribution: Throughout tropical highland and subtropi- cal areas of Latin America, the Caribbean, the Mediter- ranean region, India, Southeast Asia, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Figure 1. ‘Densler’ white sapote. Credits: J. H. Crane, UF/IFAS History: White sapote was introduced into the US circa 1810. Description Tree Importance: White sapote is generally harvested from seedling trees and sold in local markets. However, white Medium to large trees; 15 ft to 60 ft (4.6–18.3 m). Trees may sapote is grown on a small commercial scale in the US, have an upright to spreading growth habit. Australia, and Mexico. Leaves Leaves are palmately compound with 3 to 7 leaflets (usually 5). Leaflets are lanceolate, 3 to 5 inches long (7.6–12.7 cm) and 1 to 2 inches wide (2.54–5.0 cm). 1. This document is HS1054, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2005. Revised November 2016. Reviewed December 2019. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication. 2. Jonathan H. Crane, professor and tropical fruit crop specialist, Tropical Research and Education Center; and Carlos F. Balerdi, professor and multi- county tropical fruit crop Extension agent IV (retired), UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611. -
Mango Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Frauenfeldi, Host List the Berries, Fruits, Nuts and Vegetables of the Listed Plant Species Are Now Considered Host Articles for B
January 2018 Mango fruit fly, Bactrocera frauenfeldi, Host List The berries, fruits, nuts and vegetables of the listed plant species are now considered host articles for B. frauenfeldi. Unless proven otherwise, all cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of the plant species listed herein are considered suitable hosts of B. frauenfeldi. Scientific Name Common Name Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. Candlenut Anacardium occidentale L. Cashew Annona glabra L. Pond-apple Annona muricata L. Soursop Annona reticulata L. Custard-apple Annona squamosa L. Sweetsop Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg Breadfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Jackfruit Artocarpus mariannensis Trecul N/A Averrhoa carambola L. Carambola Baccaurea papuana F.M. Bailey N/A Barringtonia calyptrocalyx K. Schum. N/A Barringtonia edulis Seem. N/A Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Paper-mulberry Burckella obovata (G. Forst.) Pierre N/A Calophyllum inophyllum L. Alexandrian laurel Calophyllum peekelii Lauterb. N/A Calophyllum spp. N/A Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. F. & Thomson Ylang-ylang tree Carica papaya L. Papaya Cerbera manghas L. Sea-mango Chrysophyllum cainito L. Star-apple Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands Calamondin Citrus aurantium L. Sour orange Citrus limetta Risso Sweet lime Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. Pummelo Citrus paradisi Macfad. Grapefruit Citrus reticulata Blanco Mandarin Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Orange Citrus sp. Citrus1 Clymenia polyandra (Tanaka) Swingle Clymenia Diospyros digyna Jacq. Black persimmon Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig Ebony persimmon Oriental Diospyros kaki Thunb. persimmon Diospyros nigra (J.F. Gmel.) Perr. N/A Argus pheasant- Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe tree Eugenia reinwardtiana (Blume) DC. Cedar Bay-cherry Eugenia uniflora L. Surinam cherry Ficus carica L. Fig Ficus glandulifera Wall. N/A Ficus leptoclada Benth. -
Redalyc.Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ricker, Martin; Valencia-Avalos, Susana; Hernández, Héctor M.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Martínez-Salas, Esteban M.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Wallnöfer, Bruno; Ramos, Clara H.; Mendoza, Pilar E. Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 87, núm. 4, diciembre, 2016, pp. 1189-1202 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42548632003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1189–1202 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Taxonomy and systematics Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae y Sapotaceae a,∗ b a a Martin Ricker , Susana Valencia-Avalos , Héctor M. Hernández , Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa , a b c Esteban M. Martínez-Salas , Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas , Bruno Wallnöfer , a a Clara H. Ramos , Pilar E. Mendoza a Herbario Nacional de México (MEXU), Departamento -
Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)1 M
EENY-214 Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)1 M. C. Thomas, J. B. Heppner, R. E. Woodruff, H. V. Weems, G. J. Steck, and T. R. Fasulo2 Introduction Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler climates better than most other species of The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiede- tropical fruit flies, and its wide range of hosts, it is ranked mann), is one of the world’s most destructive fruit pests. first among economically important fruit fly species. Its The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not larvae feed and develop on many deciduous, subtropical, known to be established in the continental United States. and tropical fruits and some vegetables. Although it may be When it has been detected in Florida, California, and Texas, a major pest of citrus, often it is a more serious pest of some especially in recent years, each infestation necessitated deciduous fruits, such as peach, pear, and apple. The larvae intensive and massive eradication and detection procedures feed upon the pulp of host fruits, sometimes tunneling so that the pest did not become established. through it and eventually reducing the whole to a juicy, inedible mass. In some of the Mediterranean countries, only the earlier varieties of citrus are grown, because the flies develop so rapidly that late-season fruits are too heav- ily infested to be marketable. Some areas have had almost 100% infestation in stone fruits. Harvesting before complete maturity also is practiced in Mediterranean areas generally infested with this fruit fly. -
White Sapote
Bonita Springs Tropical Fruit Club Inc. PO Box 367791 Bonita Springs, FL 34136 May 2015 - White Sapote Bonita Springs Tropical Fruit Club Newsletter Who we are and what we do: The Bonita Springs Tropical Fruit Club, Inc., is an educational not-for-profit organization whose purpose is to inform, educate and advise members and the public in the selection of plants and trees, to encour- age their cultivation, and to provide a social forum where members can freely exchange plant material and information. The club cooperates with many organizations, and provides a basis for producing new cultivars. We function in any legal manner to further the above stated aims. Meetings: Regular membership meetings that include an educational program are held the second Tuesday of each month, except July and August. Meetings begin promptly at 7 PM, at the First United Methodist Church, 27690 Shriver Avenue, Bonita Springs. The meetings are held in the "Fellowship Hall" meeting room. Workshops: Workshops (monthly discussions) are held on the fourth Tuesday of each month at 7 PM at the Method- ist Church, when practical. This open format encourages discussion and sharing of fruits and informa- tion. Bring in your fruits, plants, seeds, leaves, insects, photos, recipes, ect.. This is a great chance to get answers to specific questions, and there always seems to be a local expert on hand! Tree sale: Semi-annual tree sales in February and November at Riverside Park in downtown Bonita Springs raise revenue for educational programs for club members and other related purposes of the club. Trips: The club occasionally organizes trips and tours of other organizations that share our interests. -
The One Hundred Tree Species Prioritized for Planting in the Tropics and Subtropics As Indicated by Database Mining
The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining Roeland Kindt, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal, Ramni Jamnadass The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining Roeland Kindt, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal, Ramni Jamnadass LIMITED CIRCULATION Correct citation: Kindt R, Dawson IK, Lillesø J-PB, Muchugi A, Pedercini F, Roshetko JM, van Noordwijk M, Graudal L, Jamnadass R. 2021. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. Working Paper No. 312. World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/WP21001.PDF The titles of the Working Paper Series are intended to disseminate provisional results of agroforestry research and practices and to stimulate feedback from the scientific community. Other World Agroforestry publication series include Technical Manuals, Occasional Papers and the Trees for Change Series. Published by World Agroforestry (ICRAF) PO Box 30677, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254(0)20 7224000, via USA +1 650 833 6645 Fax: +254(0)20 7224001, via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: [email protected] Website: www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry 2021 Working Paper No. 312 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of World Agroforestry. Articles appearing in this publication series may be quoted or reproduced without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. -
Substrate for Seedling Emergence of White Sapote in Brazil
® The Americas Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology ©2008 Global Science Books Substrate for Seedling Emergence of White Sapote in Brazil Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante1,2* • Inez V. M. Oliveira2 • Márkilla Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante2 • Antonio B. G. Martins2 1 Campus Profa Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus, 64900-000, Brazil 2 College of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil Corresponding author: * [email protected] or [email protected] ABSTRACT Aiming to evaluate seedling emergence of white sapote (Casimiroa edulis - Rutaceae) an experiment was developed with seeds from mature fruits originating from the Active Germplasm Bank of the São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil. A completely randomized design was adopted and four treatments (substrates) were performed, with five repetitions of 50 seeds each, reaching 250 seeds in total. Substrates studied were: Plantmax® (processed and enriched barks + expanded vermiculite + processed and enriched peat); Coconut fiber; Washed sand and soil mixture commonly used for seedling formation [soil (red Oxisol) + sieved sand + bovine manure (3:3:1)]. The percentage seedling emergence and emergence rate were calculated at the end of the experiment, i.e., at 40 days after sowing. Seedling emergence and the speed of this process were not influenced by the substrate and all substrates studied could be used for seedling establishment of white sapote. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Casimiroa edulis, exotic fruitful, growing media, seed propagation INTRODUCTION cordingly, a good substrate is absent of pathogens, has a high level of soluble nutrients and adequate pH, bulk den- White sapote (Casimiroa edulis, Rutaceae) also known as sity, pore space, electrical conductivity and C/N-ratio (Horn matasano and zapote celanco is a fruit native to Central 1996; Di Benedetto 2007), specially for fruits (Meletti America and Mexico (Yahia 2005).