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Draft Management Plan Svaneti Protected Areas Page 1 Draft Management Plan Svaneti Protected Areas Page 1 GEORGIA PROTECTED AREAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (GEF TF 023968) COMPONENT 1: Development of a Detailed Plan for Biodiversity and Forest Conservation in the Central Caucasus Region and Corridor Conservation Planning in Eastern Georgia UPPER SVANETI PROTECTED AREAS MANAGEMENT PLAN GPAP Tbilisi, December 2008 Management Plan Upper Svaneti Protected Areas Page 2 Contents MANAGEMENT PLAN UPPER SVANETI PROTECTED AREAS. .............................................................................. 9 1 Executive Summary. ................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Preface. .................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Planning context. .................................................................................................................. 11 2.2 Objective of the management plan. ..................................................................................... 11 2.3 Approach. .............................................................................................................................. 11 3. Description and Assessment. ................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Introduction. ......................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 The Upper Svaneti National Park (USNP). ............................................................................. 15 3.2.1 General. ..................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 Physical-geographical aspects. .................................................................................................. 15 3.2.3 Landscapes. ................................................................................................................................ 17 3.2.3.1 General. ............................................................................................................................. 17 3.2.3.2 Landscape types. ............................................................................................................... 17 3.2.3.3 Specific geo-morphological features. ................................................................................ 19 3.2.4 Ecosystems and vegetation. ...................................................................................................... 19 3.2.4.1 General. ............................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.4.2 Forest belt. ........................................................................................................................ 20 3.2.4.3 Sub-alpine and alpine belts. .............................................................................................. 21 3.2.4.4 The alpine belt................................................................................................................... 22 3.2.4.5 The sub nival belt. ............................................................................................................. 23 3.2.4.6 Azonal vegetation. ............................................................................................................ 23 3.2.5 Flora. .......................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.5.1 General. ............................................................................................................................. 25 3.2.5.2 Forest belt. ........................................................................................................................ 25 3.2.5.3 The sub alpine belt. ........................................................................................................... 25 3.2.5.4 The alpine belt................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.5.5 Sub-Nival belt. ................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.6 Fauna. ........................................................................................................................................ 26 3.2.6.1 General. ............................................................................................................................. 26 3.2.6.2 Mammals. ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.6.3 Birds. ................................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.6.4 Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes. ............................................................................................ 27 3.2.7. Historical-cultural aspects. ......................................................................................................... 27 3.2.7.1 General. ............................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.7.2 Archaeology. ..................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.7.3 Achitecture. ....................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.8 Socio-economic aspects. ............................................................................................................ 30 3.2.8.1 General. ............................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.8.2 Settlements and demography. .......................................................................................... 30 3.2.8.3 Economic aspects. ............................................................................................................. 31 Management Plan Upper Svaneti Protected Areas Page 3 3.2.8.4 Land ownership. ................................................................................................................ 32 3.2.8.5 Land- and resource use. .................................................................................................... 32 3.3 The Upper Svaneti Protected Landscape (USPL). .................................................................. 36 3.3.1 General. ..................................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.2 Physical-geographical characteristics. ....................................................................................... 36 3.3.3 Landscapes. ................................................................................................................................ 37 3.3.4 Ecosystems and vegetation. ...................................................................................................... 37 3.3.5 Flora. .......................................................................................................................................... 38 3.3.6 Fauna. ........................................................................................................................................ 39 3.3.7 Historic-Cultural aspects. ........................................................................................................... 39 3.3.8 Socio- economic aspects. ........................................................................................................... 43 3.3.8.1 General. ............................................................................................................................. 43 3.3.8.2 Settlements and demography. .......................................................................................... 43 3.3.8.3 Economic aspects. ............................................................................................................. 43 3.3.8.4 Land ownership. ................................................................................................................ 44 3.3.8.5 Land- and resource use. .................................................................................................... 44 3.4 The Multiple Use Area . ......................................................................................................... 45 4 Management Principles. .......................................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Introduction. ......................................................................................................................... 46 4.2 Management structure. ........................................................................................................ 46 4.3 Management objectives........................................................................................................ 47 4.4 Environmental management. ............................................................................................... 47 4.5 Monitoring and evaluation. .................................................................................................. 47 5 Management Structure. ..........................................................................................................................
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