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Situation of Polish Deportees in Kazakhstan in the Post-War Period

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Situation of Polish Deportees in Kazakhstan in the Post-War Period Положение польских спецпоселенцев в Казахстане ... N.V.Stepanenko Situation of Polish deportees in Kazakhstan in the post-war period The article refers to the Polish deportees remaining in the territory of Kazakhstan after signing of the Soviet — Polish agreement on July 6, 1945. The main reasons on which the Polish deportees could not be deported to their homeland are specified. By the example of Kokchetau region as the most populated in post-war peri- od presented the work on involvement of Polish deportees in public life of Kazakhstan. The author emphasiz- es that the Poles left after re-evacuation consisted the Polish population of Kazakhstan and until 1956 their position was determined by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars dated January 8, 1945 «On the legal status of deportees». References У 1 Kalishevsky M. «Polonia» in the East: About the history of the Polish diaspora in Central Asia / M.Kalishevsky, M.: Nauka, 2009, р. 180. 2 Kazakh SSR NKVD information as of 7 January 1946 on applications and volunteers to get out of Soviet citizenshipГ /Central State Archive of RoK. fond p. 1137. finding aid 18. file 139 l. Р. 32. 3 Resolution of the Ministry of Education of the Kazakh SSR on sending to homeland of Polish children leftр in orphanages and in the settlement of the citizens (October, 1947) /Central State Archive of RoK. fond p. 1692. finding aid 1. file 1258. Р.154. 4 Information about the recent repatriation of Polish children home /Central State Archive of RoK. fond p. 1987. finding aid 1, 45. Р. 83. а 5 Background information of CC CPC about household labor structure of Polish deportees in the Kokchetav region as of 1949y. /Central State Archive of RoK. Fond. 708. finding aid 13. file 203 Р. 24–27. 6 Reports on the implementation of decisions of the CC CP (b) of the Kazakh SSR as of FebК 20, 1951 «The Work of deportees in the Kokchetav region» /Central State Archive of RoK. fond 708. finding aid 16/2. file 54. Р.88–163. 7 Statement Kokchetav Ministry of National security of Regional Committee of CP (b) on attracting deportees-activists of reli- gious sects to criminal liability /Central State Archive of RoK. fond. 708. finding aid 16/2. file 54. Р.15. 8 From the history of Poles in Kazakhstan (1936–1956 yy.) Collection of documentsй /Comp.: B.Abylhozhin, L.Degitayeva, Almaty: Kazakhstan, 2000, р. 344. 9 Decision of the Council of Ministers as of January 17, 1956 and informationи on the withdrawal from the special registration of Pole settlers /State archive of Karaganda region. fond 239. finding aid 1. file 20. Р. 110. 10 All-Union Census of 1959. Kazakh SSR, Moscow: Nauka, 1962,р р. 106. о ƏОЖ 94 (574) т и Р.С.Каренов Е.А.Бөкетов атындағыз Қарағанды мемлекеттік университеті (E-mail: [email protected]) Қоңырат тайпасыныңо ғылыми негіздегі шежіресіне қатысты мəселелер Мақалада Орта жүздегі іргелі тайпа — Қоңыраттар болып табылатыны дəлелденген. Қоңыраттар тарихы өзініңп барлық ерекшеліктерімен жəне ешкімге ұқсамас өзіндік соқпақтарымен қазақ ұлтының тарихын толықтыратыны қарастырылған. Қоңыраттар бабаларының тармақталған тарихы теренде жатқаны көрсетілген. Тарихымызда зерттеле қоймаған «ақтаңдақ» мəселелер — Орта жүздегі ірі тайпалардыңе бірі — Қоңыраттардың этникалық тамыры, оның шежіре деректері, қазақ жерінде орналасуының себеп- салдары көптеген тың мəліметтер негізінде баяндалған. РКілт сөздер: шежіре, қоныстары, тайпа, ұраны, бірлестік, ұрпақтары, тұлғалар, мұра. Шежіре деректерінде Қоңыраттың шыққан тегі туралы Мəшһүр Жүсіп Көпейұлы жазып қалдырған шежіресінде Жан Арыстың бəйбішесінен — Дарақожа, одан Қоңырат туған дейді [1]. Шəкəрім Құдайбердіұлы «Түрік, Қырғыз, Қазақ һəм Хандар шежіресі» атты еңбегінде Қоңыраттар туралы өз пікірін былай білдіреді: «Қытай жазушы Юан-Шу-ми-ши сөзінше, бұрынғы Серия «История. Философия». № 2(74)/2014 69 Р.С.Каренов заманда Ункурлар, яғни Қоңыраттар, Халхе өзенінің Бабиор көліне құйған арада жүрді. Бұлардың да көбі өзбекке қосылып, өзбек атанған» [2]. Əбілғазы баһадүр хан өзінің «Түрік шежіресі» кітабында: «Қиян нəсілінен бір кісі бар еді, оның үш ұлы болды. Үлкені — Жорлық мерген... Жорлық мергеннің Қоңырат атты ұлы бар еді, барша Қоңырат елі соның нəсілінен шықты» [3], — дейді. Бірқатар зерттеушілер Қоңыраттарды ертедегі Огус-Динлин ұрпағынан таратады. Шығыс мұсылман жазбаларында Қоңыраттар Оғыз ханның алтыншы ұрпағы Теңіз ханнан тарайды. Рашид- ад-Дин, орыс ғалымдары Н.Аристов, Т.Жданко Қоңыраттарды ежелгі Қият тайпасының ұрпағы немесе қияттармен тектес олхонут, хонхират руынан шыққан жəне ежелден монғол халқының құрамында болған деп есептейді. Қоңыраттардың ертедегі қоныстары Қытай мен Монғолия арасындағы Утаджие аймағында болған. Қоңыраттар туралы алғашқы деректер Лиау жəне Жин патшалықтары кезіндегі жылнамаларда кездеседі. Лиау жəне Жин патшалықтары кезінде (XII ғасырда) Қоңыраттар Моңғолия үстіртіндегі ірі тайпалардың бірі болған. Олардың өріс-қоныстары Кереулин өзенінің төменгі ағысы мен Ергуна өзенінің алқабында еді. Қоңыраттардың батысындаУ монғол тайпалары, батыс оңтүстігінде татар тайпалары, шығыс оңтүстігінде Жин патшалығының шекара шегі тұрған [4; 341, 342]. Г Шежіреші-ғалым Ж.Бейсенбайұлының пайымдауынша, «Қоңырат — Шыңғыс хан заманына дейін-ақ маңайындағы қоңсылас қонған түркі нəсілдес найман, керей, меркіт, монғол р(моғол, мыңқол) елдері секілді белгілі тайпалардың бірі болған. Сол дəуірге қатысты деректерде, ол көнеден жеткен аңыздарға сəйкес «алтын аяқтан туылыпты» делінетін ағайынды Жорлық мерген, Қабай шере, Тасбұдай сынды текті тұқымнан тараған ру ретінде сипатталады. Қоңырат а— ағайынды үшеудің үлкені Жорлық мергеннің ұлы. Қабай шереден — Еңкірес, Елқонұт; Тасбұдайдан Қаранұт, Қоңқұлұт деген ұлдар туған. Бұлардың бəрі де XII ғасырға дейін жеке-жеке ру Кдəрежесіндегі белгілі елдер. Бірақ та бəрі қосылған кезде жолы үлкен Қоңырат атауының төңірегіне ұйысып, түгел «қоңыратпыз» деседі» [5]. Қоңыраттардың ертедегі қоныстары Қытай мен Монғолия йарасындағы Утаджие аймағы болған. Ежелден көрші тұрып, монғолдармен жан-жақты тығыз байланыста болған. Олар келе-келе Шыңғыс ханға бағынып, XIII ғасырда моңғолдардың батысқа жасаған жойқын жорығына қатысқан. Осы тарихи оқиғаға байланысты Қоңыраттардың иедəуір тобы Қазақстан мен Орта Азияға тұрақтап, қоныс тепті. Олар бұдан былай Дешті Қыпшақтың сол қанаты есебінде Темір əулетіне қарсы күресте Əбілхайыр ханды қолдады. Осындайр саяси тартыстар салдарынан Шайбани ханмен бірге ауған Қоңыраттар Хиуа хандығының негізін салып, кейінірек қарақалпақ халқының құрамына енді. Жəнібек пен Керей бастаған топ Дешті Қыпшақтано ауа көшкен кезде Қоңыраттардың бір бөлігі олармен бірге Батыс Моғолстанға келіп орнықты. Қоңыраттар XIX ғасырдың басында Қаратау, Талас, Ташкент, Бұхар, Қоқан маңынат ауысты. Сөйтіп, Қоңыраттар Қазақстан мен Орта Азия жеріндегі түркі тілдес жергілікті тайпалармен араласып, қазақ, өзбек, қарақалпақ, қырғыз халықтарының құрамына еніп, сіңісіпи кетті [6]. Қоңыраттың азан шақырып қойған есімі Нағанай дейді. Нағанай жəне оның балалары үнемі өңкей қоңыр аттарға мініп жүретінз болғандықтан, ел оларды «қоңыр аттылар» деп айтады екен. Осыған орай Нағанай «Қоңырат» атанып кетіпті дейді. Қоңыраттардың ұраны — Алатау, Мүкамал. оҚоңырат тайпасының екі бірлестікке бөлінуі Қазақ шежіресіп Қоңыратты оның Сеңке биінен таратады. Шыңғыс хан ұлы хандыққа көтерген он екі бидің бірі Сеңке биге қарап: «Əй, Сеңке, сенің ұраның — «Қоңырат», құсың — сұңқар, ағашың — алма, таңбаң — босаға «┌┐» болсын» [7; 37], — деген екен. Сеңке бидене — Нағанай батыр. Оның жеті əйелі болған. Олардан отыз ұл жəне Емен, Семен деген екі құлы болған. Нағанай ол екеуін де өз балалары санағандықтан, отыз екі баласы бар делінеді. ШежірелердеР ескі жыл санағы бойынша 616 жылы Отырардағы Ноғайлының елі жаугершілік заманға тап болып, Нағанай балаларымен алыс-алыс жерлерге көшіп жүріп, тарыдай шашылып кетеді. Нағанайдың бір баласы (есімі Орын би) жоғалған малдарын іздеп кеткен екен, қайтып келсе ел орнында жоқ. Орын би Əзіреті Түркістанға барып, үйлі-жайлы болып, одан Мелде би туады. Мелде би ер жетіп, Түркістанда елшілік, билік қызметін атқарған [8; 11]. Орын бидің екінші баласы Жығалы Жиделі-Байсында тұрғанда ерте қайтыс болады. Одан Құлшығаш, Қаракөсе деген екі ұл жас қалып, анасы Жезбикені əмеңгерлікпен Мелде би алып, соның қолында өседі. 70 Вестник Карагандинского университета Қоңырат тайпасының ғылыми негіздегі … Сондықтан шежіреде оны Мелде бидің баласы етіп көрсетеді де, Көктің ұлы (Тəңірберді) тармағына жатқызады. Мелде бидің бірінші əйелі Орынбибіден — Құдайберді, лақап аты — «Көтенші», екінші əйелі Жезбикеден — Тəңірберді, лақап аты — «Көктің ұлы». Барлық Қоңырат елі негізінен осы екі атадан өрбиді [7; 37]. Сонымен, шежіре деректері бойынша, Қоңыраттар екі үлкен бірлестікке бөлінеді. Бұл екі бірлестікті əйгілі ғалым В.Радлов «жеті ата Көктің ұлы, алты ата Көктің құсы» деп атаған. Қазақ шежірелері Қоңырат тайпасын «алты ата Көтенші» (аузы дуалы Мелде би бұл «Көтіне сенген бəйбішенің баласы, аты «Көтенші» болсын» депті); «жеті көше Көктің ұлы» (жұртта қалған Жезбике аман босанып, баласын орайтын жөргек мата таба алмай, көк шөпке орап алып, көштен бұрын ауылы қонатын жеріне келіп жетіпті; осыған орай Тəңірберді көк шөпке оранған «Көктің ұлы» деп атаныпты [9; 162]), — деп екіге жіктеп, олардан 13 руды таратады. Мелде би қартайып, тоқсанның үшінде дүние салады. Ұрпақтары Түркістанға апарып қойған. Мелде бидің асында балалары, немерелері Хантағы деген жерде бəйге береді. Өлген кісінің асында бəйге беру үлгісі содан қалған деген сөздер бар. У Көтеншілер ұрпақтары Г Қоңыраттың Көтеншісінен ру дəрежесіне жеткен мыналар: 1. Божбан. Шежіре деректері
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