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Implementation of Distance Educational Process Under Conditions of Remote Settlement with Limited Access to High Speed Internet Network View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Siberian Federal University Digital Repository Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 12 (2014 7) 2034-2041 ~ ~ ~ УДК 378.147:004 Implementation of Distance Educational Process under Conditions of Remote Settlement with Limited Access to High Speed Internet Network Valery A. Kovalevsky, Vladimir I. Kirko, Ekaterina V. Malakhova and Yevgeniy A. Vasil`yev* Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 89 Ada Lebedeva Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660060, Russia Received 12.08.2014, received in revised form 14.10.2014, accepted 26.11.2014 The paper studies problems of education in locally remote settlements, located at remote places, including Northern and Arctic territories. Problems of educational process’ organization among nomadic population engaged in traditional activities were also studied. On the basis of practical experience of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev the methods of technological chain of remote training site implementation under conditions of lack (or total absence) of high-speed Internet connection are proposed. Keywords: the North, Arctic regions, educational technologies, indigenous minorities of the Krasnoyarsk Kray, distance education. Research area: pedagogy. Peoples of the Arctic Zone of Eastern destruction and, finally, to significant deterioration Siberia are experiencing tough impact (cultural in the indigenous population health. The letter and economic) of global transformations due to threatens the very existence of these peoples the new wave of industrialization of northern in the regional system that is developing today. and arctic territories (mining, transpolar aviation Therefore, modern processes that take place in development, revival of the North Sea shipping, the territories of indigenous peoples of the North, strengthening of the northern border of the Russian Siberia and the Far East compact residence Federation, etc.). Such global processes as popular are extremely important for modern Russia. It culture impact, introduction of the boundless refers to unique cultural heritage, the ability to consumption society’s values for indigenous create a sustainable social space under extreme northern peoples can lead to destruction of conditions. traditional cultural identities, change of the To preserve and radically improve the traditional territories boundaries, environmental quality of life of the peoples inhabiting © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] – 2034 – Valery A. Kovalevskii, Vladimir I. Kirko… Implementation of Distance Educational Process under Conditions of Remote… the Arctic zone, an integrated approach individual competitiveness and improvement of that considers all the aspects of indigenous the quality of life on the other hand. population life is required (economic, social Table 1 represents data on dynamics of the and cultural, educational, medical, etc.), as in number of small indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk locally located remote northern settlements Kray [Koptseva, 2014, с. 1573-1577]. (especially under Arctic conditions) all the According to Table 1, the number of aspects of life are systemically interconnected. indigenous peoples in the past 8 years has not It is necessary to use the achievements of changed, or, in some ethnocultural groups, has modern science and technology that, in turn, even increased. In the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, have a significant impact on the traditional the number of small indigenous peoples is way of life. The latter should naturally constantly growing [Small Indigenous Peoples of complement, but not destroy it. A modern the North, electronic resource: http://sakha.gov. state should build its policy to preserve the ru/node/17611]. unique culture of indigenous northern peoples According to the Federal State Statistics in accordance with diverse ethno-cultural and Service, from 1990 to 2005 the number of pre- socio-psychological differentiation of these school and general educational institutions in peoples, as well as taking into account the the northern territories of Krasnoyarsk Kray, the ethical standards of the quality of life that were Sakha (Yakutia) Republic and the Far Eastern engrained in social psychology of these exact Federal District decreased almost twice due to peoples. Scientifically founded techniques that the ungraded schools closure [Pimenova, 2012, allow orienting in ethno-cultural standards of pp. 12-19]. The possibility to obtain higher the quality of life and indicators of ethnic and vocational education in the North is reduced cultural standards of its growth are necessary. due to the closure of universities’ branches. Education and modern educational It is expected that with the development of the technologies play special role in the process of northern territories “staff shortages”, as well as traditions, language and other ethnic features the need for educational services in the North of preservation on the one hand, and preservation of Kray will continuously increase. Table 1. Dynamics of the number of small indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk Kray Number of Number of people Delta people according to the according to the № Ethnocultural group (plus or minus in National Population National Population comparison with 2010) Census 2002 Census 2010 1. The Nenets 3188 3633 plus 2. The Evenks 4632 4373 minus 3. The Nganassans 811 807 minus 4. The Selkups 412 281 minus 5. The Dolgans 5805 5810 plus 6. The Kets 1189 957 minus 7. The Enets 213 221 plus 8. The Chulyms 159 147 minus 9. The Yakuts 1368 1468 plus – 2035 – Valery A. Kovalevsky, Vladimir I. Kirko… Implementation of Distance Educational Process under Conditions of Remote… In this regard, the latest educational it is necessary to find teachers-ascetics who will technologies with the use of modern IT- migrate 9 months a year with reindeer breeders technologies, designed specifically for the under not comfortable conditions, as well as northern and Arctic regions, taking into account provide proper funding, as it is possible to assume nomadic way of life of the part of population that the cost of one student’s education will be and virtual absence of access to high-speed significantly higher than at the ordinary school. Internet are necessary. Development of branched, According to many experts, nomadic school commercial and high-speed communication helps in strengthening ties between generations, networks in these territories with the required raising children who are fluent in their native coverage density, allowing implementation of language, who know the traditions and culture educational technologies on its basis is hampered of their people. In harsh arctic tundra conditions, by low profitability and low population density. school, in close contact with the parents, carries Currently in Krasnoyarsk Kray students out the mission of children’s upbringing and training in the Arctic territories is performed education without separation from their families, on the basis of boarding schools located in such acquainting them with the traditional crafts and northern settlements as Nosok (Taimyr Dolgan- ethnic culture. Nenets Municipal District), Baikit (Evenk In connection with the aforementioned, we municipal district) and Farkovo (Turukhansky need to cope with rather complicated task. In district). conditions of limited availability (unavailability) For example, high school students are of high-speed Internet it is necessary, using all trained in isolation from the traditional place of the available modern technologies, to create residence in Baikit settlement of Krasnoyarsk a technological chain which provides quality Kray. Preliminary studies identified insufficient educational process that generates necessary students’ training that does not allow them to competences. On the basis of the simulation pass the USE exam due to low qualifications and modelling conception (the interactive training irresponsibility of the local teachers and teachers session structure: interactive lectures, practical working under contract. Transport distance classes, independent work) simulation modelling and virtual absence of access to high-speed technologies are widely used (business game, case- communication does not allow teachers and study, training technology, game design, mind other professionals (e.g. doctors) take additional maps and interactive exercises). Corresponding training courses. In some cases (for example in measurement and control materials of distance Yessey and Farkovo settlements) doctors and learning (CMM principles in accordance with teachers do not have the right to work within their the FSES HVE requirements, methods for specialty [Kirko 2013, pp. 57-61]. assessing the competence of students using For indigenous nomadic inhabitants a type of interactive methods) will help students to master nomadic schools is developed. 9 nomadic schools universal activity methods used both as a part of of this type are founded in the Sakha (Yakutia) educational process, and in real life situations in Republic [Nomadic Schools. Electronic resource: which the necessary competences will be formed http://sakha.gov.ru/node/20179]. In Taimyr [Malakhova, 2012]. Dolgan-Nenets Municipal District of Krasnoyarsk Field studies of the northern settlements of Kray 1 school operates as an experiment. The Krasnoyarsk Kray in Evenk Municipal District,
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