THE NATIONAL SCENE Editorials, Pages B-1-4 B Debate Over the Defense Gap W Sunday Obituaries, Page 6 EIGHT PAGES WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 7, 1960 Primarily a Political Matter

The great defense debate pro- part of the 500-plane B-52 bomber THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE duced confusion compounded force, he said that 300 Russian last week, with Democratic crit- ballistic missiles, 150 ICBMs and ics on Air Force seizing gen- 150 IRBMs, could virtually wipe erals testimony to allege that the out this country’s retaliatory force, I'nited States is a entering pe- i.e., that 90 per cent which is de- riod of and the great danger, pendent on fixed land bases. administration asserting that The there is now no “deterrent of France gap” Demand Alert nor will one be permitted to Destiny occur. Democratic Senators Symington French President Charles de President Eisenhower, faced of Missouri and Jackson of Wash- Gaulle last week asked for and with “a revolt of the bomber ington seized upon the Power plea enabling generals,” blasted their "paro- to demand an immediate air- got emergency powers, him rule decree for one chial” views. borne alert to keep a sizable num- to by ber. perhaps 100-150, long-range year, from the National Assem- After three weeks of and the Senate. slam-bang bombers in the air 24 hours a day bly debate on the status of United to protect it against a surprise States military power vis-a-vis the missile attack. Senator Johnson A week ago today the betting Soviet the was less than Union, American people of Texas supported the idea in- even, among many have an incontestable right to be directly. close observers, that the Fifth Re- confused. public had reached the end of its But Mr. Eisenhower made it heard days. In Algiers, defiant and well- They have Democratic plain he has no intention of in- leaders in Congress, armed colons manned their barri- making pes- stituting such desperate move a confident that simistic interpretations y cades, seemingly of the tes- unless new intelligence reports the Army of the Republic would timony of Air Force witnesses, demonstrate its clear necessity SECRETARY GATES not molest them in their challenge charge that the United States is Meanwhile, he has asked for $9O Paris heading for its Mollifier and mediator. to authority. In Paris there . perhaps most per- million to help the Air Force stock were rumors of a widespread con- ilous period in history. extra aircraft engines and train spiracy, with tentacles in every They have read newspaper perhaps unintentionally, cast crews for this kind of emergency. ac- major city of France, to topple the counts on of the seme congressional doubt the wisdom of trying to The a President explained in government, remove Gen. de hearings which fail to agree with close the “gap'’ with fixed-base to last month message Congress Gaulle, and to run France from the of the wit- systems. that import military an airborne alert is not now Algiers. nesses' testimony. wise or necessary. Last week, at a But there were factors existing And they have heard the ad- Advances in news conference, he bristled at Design that cast considerable doubt, even ministration, led by President Gen. Power's recommendation and He said that it was likely there during the anxious days of the Eisenhower, counter that the the general's reaffirmation after would be continued advances in week-end after Gen. de Gaulle had United States has sufficient Mr. Gates had called it “unreal- missile design and techniques that cast down the gauntlet and strength, not only in bombers and istic.” He said: would further improve warhead ordered the end of the insurrec- ICBMs, but in aircraft carrier “There are too many of these re- tion. that the colons explosive power, accuracy and rebellious planes and submarine-fired mis- generals iwho) have all sorts of liability. And then he added, could succeed with their defiance. siles, to deter Soviet ideas. . . . 1 cannot be particularly any surprise significantly: True enough, they had succeeded attack if the Russians disturbed because everybody with or, act reck- once before, when the Algerian up- a missile be re- "Since cannot all the lessly. to retaliate with enough a parochial viewpoint over rising of 1958 brought Gen. de called once it has been launched, place . comes . . and says force to destroy the Soviet Union. along Gaulle back to power in Paris. would to fire it un- it be too risky that the bosses know nothing But if the American people are But this time til there is incontestable proof of about it.” they were dealing confused they are apparently not ICBMs with the man Winston Churchill aggression. Therefore, our Gen. alarmed. The still is Thomas L. White, Air called fight strictly probably would have to 'ride out’ “the constable of France.” Force Chief of Staff, later testi- a partisan one. Republican mem- the initial attack.” Charles de Gaulle, unblushingly bers fied in secret before the combined of Congress are remaining straightforward, admits to being This surely means that the first Senate and behind the administration. The Preparedness Space the destiny of France. He showed three Atlas squadrons, which will Committees the subject. burden still is on the critics to on the world, and the intransigent be above-ground, cannot be Chairman Johnson told re- Copyright bv Arrangement With the Manchester Guardian convince public opinion that there Algerians, last week what he —World counted upon in the event of a porters afterward that Gen. White Is something terribly wrong—if meant by that characterization. LOUD AND CLEAR Soviet attack. And it means, too, agreed there should be an im- they can. And Gen. de Gaulle, prior to that even the underground, or mediate airborne alert. But Gen. the showdown of last week end, “hardened” bases, that will house White, when queried about this, his hands, Gen. de Gaulle then lin If the West did not agree to nously quiet, with troop buildups a Deterrent had demonstrated also that he ap- the subsequent Atlas and Titan said Senator Johnson must have treaties with both German in sight. But had the almost unanimous plied it to his cabinet. He was sur- peace continuing plain will be vul- sup- squadrons, nearly as misinterpreted his remarks, that states. most U. N. observers believed that While the critics have many ad- port of all the major political prisingly gentle: Only two heads nerable Soviet mis- an to improved he said such alert was not The top leaders of the Soviet the dangerous moments had vantages in the tactics they can parties and factions in Metropoli- rolled, although rumor had sug- siles. necessary “at this time.” Union, Czechoslovakia, Poland. passed for the present, and that employ in this kind of debate, tan France. With the exception of gested as many as four or five The Power statements go a long Romania, Bulgaria. Hungary and the troop reinforcements were they have one serious disadvan- the extreme right-wing Independ- who had insured their departure to explain why Defense Sec- their com- a than have been way Stand of JCS “vacillation” the East Germany signed more of show of strength tage. They forced to ents, the President was given full through during Gates told Congress that St, Cath- war. retary Al- munique in the ornate a prelude to agree that, as of today, the United support most threatening hours of the the administration would not The other three members of the by every political persua- erine’s Hall in-the Kremlin. States does have Os the whose They the strength to sion and undoubtedly by the great gerian challenge. two spend any additional money for Joint Chiefs. Gen. Nathan F. had concluded a major policy deter any Soviet surprise attack; mass of the French portfolios w’ere lost in the debris production of more Atlases, even Twining, the chairman. Admiral population. conference in advance of the com- In other words, there is presently The of the barricades, one name was if it were voted. It explains also Arleigh A. Burke of the Navy and big question was the French ing summit meeting with the Castro's Guest: no “deterrent gap.” exceptionally significant as an in- why the administration is wan- Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer of the Army, almost all of which is com- West, and diplomats in the Soviet mitted dication of the certainty of the Their attack has been keyed to ing for the time it can go all-out Army agree with the President. to the suppression of the capital took it for granted that what will Gen. White also took revolt. Would De Gaulle triumph. Jacques Sous- Unruffled they allege happen at on the Navy's mobile Polaris sub- pains to 5-year-old Algerian they had made important major telle, Minister of the Sahara, some unagreed upon future date marine-launched rocket and. a explain that Gen. Power, in say- the officers lead their men in decisions. if the the Air that 300 ballistic missiles could support of the Or Atomic Energy and Overseas Pos- Soviet Deputy Premier Anas- administration does not couple of years later, on ing government? But the wards on the communique’s tas I. arrived in Ha- our would sessions, had been reputedly Mikoyan take certain new steps, which also Force’s Minuteman solid-fuel virtually wipe out retaliatory they, following their known the German question irked the of assist the “power behind the Elysee Palace” vana Thursday for a state visit. are not agreed upon by the critics. ICBM. forces, was speaking a. “hypo- sympathies, Algerian State Department. Despite Pre- On as he to This A statement Gen. Power in thetical” situation. colons in defying the since Gen. de Gaulle's return to Friday prepared situation, underlined last by authority mier Khrushchev’s reassurance to power. An advocate of at the formal of week after the a New York in mid-Janu- United States intelligence re- of Paris? outspoken speak opening testimony of two speech President Eisenhower at Camp the of view the Soviet Exhibition, a off a the Russians 150 extremist colon point flurry Air Force generals, neither of ary set new aspect of the portedly gives David last September, the threat ICBMs pads late on Algeria, he was looked upon as of shooting near the platform whom is happy with administra- defense debate which reached a on launching The Grim Period of direct Soviet action has been tion white-hot last week. In in 1961. If these missiles are 50 the guarantee that Gen. de Gaulle marred the ceremony and sent military spending policies, point repeated several times since, On Sunday the situation looked even for an immediate cent reliable, it would mean would remain in power. him to cover temporarily. was digested. calling start on per Mr. Khrushchev himself. Since The soldiers had by an airborne alert for a substantial the Russians would need a mini- alarmingly grim. Democratic critics who have de- * the German problem is virtually failed cordon off the areas mum of 300 before they could be to of 'The When Mr. Khrushchev's right- manded a step-up in production Departure.. certain to be a major item on the certain of destroying all SAC downtown Algiers where the rebels hand deputy visited the United of Atlas missiles, the Nation's only summit conference agenda, the bases—if everything else went held forth, well supplied and un- *On Friday, with a typically States last he demonstrated ac- smack of year, operational ICBM, were pulled up choice of words, the Pres- Soviet tactics strongly cording to plan. But the Russians molested. Crowds had broken the French his unusual effectiveness as a short the man who by directed this ident’s office announced la- pressure. have always sought much greater paratroopers' lines and were press salesman for his country and its weapon’s development, Lt. Gen. “Gen. Gaulle has Disavowals of aggressive inten- odds than even-money before shouting support of the insurgents. conically that da way* Much of the advance work Bernard L. Schriever, head of the the tions. said Lincoln White, the De- launching a military attack—- The leaders of the insurrection, approved departure frdtti the for the late* vt»lt of Nikita Khru- Air Research and Development Press are “diffi- usually, according to one Army notably one Pierre Lagaillarde and cabinet” of Mr. Soustelle and of partment's Officer, shchev was credited to Mr. Mi- Command. Commu- cult to reconcile with the Warsaw Intelligence officer, about 5 to 1, another Joseph Ortiz, were de- Bernard Cornut-Gentlle, koyan and his astute and tactful Gen. Schriever said declaration’s repetition of any new At any rate, by the end of 1961, claring from the tops of the pav- nications Minister. The latter had pact demeanor during his American increase of the Soviet threat to take uni- plan to production the there should be a minimum of ing-stone barricades their inten- reportedly favored a compromise tour. no lateral action in to Ger- Atlas would have impact on the five Polaris submarines at sea tion to “fight to the death” that with the rebels in Algeria: rumor regard The Soviet in the Last week the übiquitous Soviet so-called "missile gap,” the dif- and not vulnerable to surprise had it also that he to many.” sincerity Algeria be forever French. was a party salesman in Cuba, ference in numbers of American missile attack, armed with total world’s search for a stable peace, was prepared a the situa- By Monday morning he will be to the test to add more sunlight to the al- and Soviet ICBMs, in its most of 90 hydrogen weapons. This is added, put tion had changed. Paratrooper ready warming extreme period, in 1962. enough, perhaps, to atomize 45 when the 10-nation disarmament atmosphere sur- / f known to be closely Russian-Cuban rela- I , V d Russian cities. regiments conference begins negotiations at rounding The reason: Although produc- tied to the European settler com- Geneva March 15. tions. Former Dictator Fulgencio tion of the Atlas itself could be The cost of the airborne alert on munity were ordered out of the Batista broke off diplomatic re- increased, perhaps quickly, the of 100 B-52 bombers has been The principal concern of the city. In Oran and Constantine, lations with Cuba when he missile is only 20 per cent of the estimated from $6OO million to $1.2 West on the German problem is Algeria’s two second cities, the charged that Communists were system. Bases and launching pads, billion a year. But a clearer idea the future status of West Berlin, rebels went home and the barri- supporting and Cuban of a financing electronic and other equipment re- the cost may be gained by an island in Communist sea. cades came down. As fresh regi- rebels, and Mr. Mikoyan found quire long lead time, anywhere these peacetime operating expens- A Soviet-East German peace ments of straight from the no Soviet Ambassador Cuba es: an hour aircraft for troops, could result in to from two to three years. $340 per treaty, it is feared, mountain fighting with the Mos- on hand when his Gen. Thomas S. Power, head of GEN. WHITE fuel; $12,000 for maintenance per East German control of supply jet transport streaked lem guerrillas, moved into Algiers between Berlin in to Havana's airport. the Strategic Air Command, also. Fusser explanation. Continued on Page B-4 and access links the But the the bravado of insurgents and West Germany. Soviet Ambassador to paled. Mexico served as a temporary The beginning of the end was substitute. the decision, however signaled by \ Ar Middle East: Occasion for the Deputy Pre- Israel Storm Raised reluctant, of most of the Home mier's visit was the opening of (territorial militia) Guard troops the Soviet Exhibition in Havana Warnings barricades who manned the to —the same that impressed Ameri- to dis- Border Flare comply with Army orders cans in its New York display last and later in the perse. report day summer. Just before going to the Last Monday an Israeli detail for reorganization. The die-hards platform to make the opening As Events Follow Familiar Pattern blew .up the buildings in the protested in vain. When they address, Mr. Mikoyan and his SOUSTELLE deserted village of Tawafik, in realized that they had lost, the JACQUES party laid a huge floral wreath, demilitarized zone between leaders gave in. The former bar A casualty. the the Soviet hammer By WILLIAM R. FRYE around Israel's throat, that con- bearing and Israel and Syria. Syrian troops owner, Ortiz, disappeared. La- sickle, at the base of the statue of Contributing Writer trol of the Jordan would give his in gaillarde surrendered. The rank- were building emplacements Y. to seize Jose Marti, Cuba’s national hero. UNITED NATIONS, N. adversary. Algerian extremist plans Israelis and-file were offered a choice of the houses, the charged. A few minutes later, the Arab-Israeli storm warnings once- French communications in a swift as cere- surrender or of to the front on going monies at the exhibition began, a again are being hoisted at the Welshing Agreements strike at the Paris government. Sporadic clashes along the al- to fight the “fellagha,” contemp- burst of around the Marti United and in borders between gunfire Nations virtually In closing the canal Nasser is the "constable of ways-explosive tuous term used by the French By yesterday statue interrupted the other diplomatic capital Israel and her Arab proceed- every welshing on two private agree- to describe the Moslem rebels France,” almost by his own single implacable concerned with the 7 ings. No one, apparently, was Intimately ments. From 1957 to the neighbors have occurred ever since 1959. as part fighting for Algerian independ- will, had ended Algerian re- shooting at Mr. Middle East. Mikoyan, and of a bargain under which Israel held his hands the su- the United Nations Mixed Armis- '—\ ence. volt. He in he preserved his usual calm while The fire and mor- withdrew its from tice Commission demilitarized the machine-gun troops Gaza, By Tuesday Lagaillarde was m preme authority in France, polit- confusion prevailed around him. tar blasts which echoed across Israeli went border and policed the uneasy goods freely through Sante Prison in Paris; so were the ical. moral and military. He had the of Galilee last week the canal in of other truce to in 1950. Most of Sea were ships na- Algerian Deputies Jean Baptiste held the dubious loyalty of a frus- agreed On V/ith the Speech a surface manifestation of ten- tionalities. In 1959 Nasser them of the localized variety early Biaggi, a prime mover in the 1958 trated army. He had the support are sions which go much and such This and are contained. But a deeper began seizing cargoes. revolt, and Mourad Kaouah, a of almost all classes and opinions quickly After measure of quiet had which reaching critical in- was the first broken agreement. last week’s flareup viewed been restored, he went on with are r_ pro-French Moslem. Algiers re- among Frenchmen. And signifi- zone was his tensity. After months of negotiations, ported a number of Army officers, cantly, reports from Tunis, where seriously as a major threat to the speech. Cuban officials just N. Ham- Israel is preparing to tap the U. Secretary-General Dag mostly of field grade, under ar- the provisional government of Al- precarious peace. wouldn’t talk about the cause of - believed he had solved the but near waters of the River Jordan to ir- marskjold rest in their quarters or trans- geria holds forth, described Mos- The direct action by an Israeli shooting, witnesses rigate the vast, arid Negev—the w\ the problem. Nasser agreed to ferred to other posts. The paving lem reaction to the De Gaulle detachment in leveling the build- the statue reported that a group which led free to whose of anti-Communist Cuban wilderness across Moses j give passage goods stones were put back in the streets triumph “astonished and de- ings of a deserted village in the stu- as legal ownership was not Israeli. and dents had clashed the children of Israel in their 40- covered with asphalt. Shops, lighted.” The doubts, long held by demilitarized zone brought swift with pro-Castro would the year exodus from Egypt. Title pass to purchaser offices and factories reopened. the Moslem rebels, that Gen. de Arab reaction. In Egypt, United students in a fight over the Mi- difficult efforts were made before the ship left Israel, or re- Streetcars re- koyan wreath Police broke the Long, and motor traffic Gaulle could make a fair settle- Arab Republic troops were moved up the main in the name. battle and arrested a number of In the early 1950 s to persuade turned to normal patterns The ment with the Moslems against up to the Sinai Peninsula border with Israel in —Drawing by Weiss. The Israelis tested this scheme Arab states to join colons had demonstrated their the bitter opposition of the Al- with Israel. In Syria, patrols participants. of the BEN-GURION last December. The Greek vessel run The incident was discounted as co-operative exploitation willingness to France from gerian colons had at last been were strengthened, artillery banged Jordan. Some Arabs were willing; An old story to him. Astypalea was sent quietly to the Algiers; the “constable any serious atempt on the Soviet of France” resolved. away, and UAR Mig jet fighters others refused. So the plan ulti- canal with a cargo of cement had demonstrated that visitors. But diplomats in Ha- they The of France remains clashed with Israeli Air Force which Israeli capital seemed mately broke down. shuttled was no longer prop- would not. vana impressed by the through railroad sidings in Paris. Mysteres. Patrol clashes took Israel then resolved to go ahead erty. Contrary to his assurances fact that anti-Castro and anti- northeast of Tel Aviv. I then took place along a 40-mile stretch of and take her share of the water. Nasser seized the ship and stuck Communist elements felt strong a good look at the Jordan. My Looks to Future the border, with killed and She began building the necessary to this position despite a direct enough to demonstrate so openly. first reaction was that the wounded on both pipe Gaulle wasted no sides. pipelines, canals and pumping appeal from Hammar- President de The shooting itself, it was believed, could funnel off the whole flow of personal Peace Drive: time in celebration. He moved In Jerusalem, the United States stations. After more than four skjold iq Cairo last month. came from the revolvers of ner- the river and have of room plenty the Ambassador, Ogden Reid, called years of work, this project is now Some major motive must lie swiftly to prevent even possi- vous Castro policemen attempting left over. on Israeli completion. behind such conduct, U. people bility of a repetition of the dan- Foreign Minister Golda to disperse the rioters. nearing The Israelis insist have N. Too? they events of “the days.” Threats, Meir to urge restraint. A number say. They believe Nasser is build- gerous eight Yesterday, as a precaution, the no such intention. The principal of other followed Threat of War First he asked, through Premier envoys suit, and of were ing up bargaining power with In Moscow Thursday the First movements Mr. Mikoyan pumping station, they point out, the Michel Debre, that the Parliament U. N. Mixed Armistice Com- secret. Mr. Castro To the which to try to prevent the tap- Secretaries and Premiers of the kept a wants Arabs, the project is would dip into the Sea of Galilee, mission called both the Jordan. grant him extraordinary powers member nations of the on sides to no anti-Communist incidents both and ping of eight more frustrating infuriating. not directly into the river itself. for in the De Gaulle- withdraw their from the The whom the provided called for a non- patrols to the and Cuban Arab leaders Israelis, to Jor- Warsaw pact mar visit, news- Responsible have But the Arabs, notably the Syrians Fifth truce The commission then dan project is perfectly legitimate, conceived constitution of the aggression pact with the West zone. papers played down the Friday said they would go to war the and to whom Jordan Jordanians, He them in a top- appealed to both contestants to are both with Nasser and Republic. got and a reduction in armed riot with a few lines inside Israel begins furious, major on day tapping the Jor- water is also a vital natural re- of 79. meet at the conference table in with Hammarskjold, whom they heavy Assembly vote 449 to forces by all nations. an pages. dan River. do not trust are on They source. not willingto rely with the extreme and effort to remove the irritants that blame for not taking a more only right In his exhibition remarks. Mr. Israel to take her fair or share, Israeli assurances. Power to con- the Communists He have brought on the border forthright public stand. opposed. won Peaceful intentions, the State fight- Mikoyan praised the Castro ex- dispute the amount to be would Israel they trol the Jordan give a similar indorsement from the ing. Department observed last week, propriation program as a step to considered fair. immense political and economic Fault Both Sides Senate. Now. for a of a Israeli authorities on period ought to be demonstrated by are openly “return to the workers and peas- The Jordan is by no means an leverage. year, the man whom the late Pres- peaceful actions. The depart- impatient with the stalemate ex- ants the means of production.” unlimited source of water. For informed here It is in this context that the Many diplomats ident Roosevelt called "Joan of ment's words were in response to isting between the little but pow- He reminded his hosts that the much of its it is little to the incidents on the Galilean shore length, believe Israel's plan tap Arc” willrun France by executive the communique issued in Moscow erful Jewish state and her Arab Soviet Union, in its revolution, more than a sizeable creek. Above Jordan far to Presi- are being viewed. U. N. people goes explain order. At the end of that period by the member nations of the neighbors. The Israeli Chief of had expropriated all of do that Ben-Gurion means the Sea of Galilee, it looks like dent Nasser's closure of the Suez not charge he the Parliament must report to Warsaw pact. The Communist Staff, Maj. Gen. Haim Laskov, production “for the use of the a New England trout Canal from Israel. The picked a quarrel with Syria; they stream, to cargoes what he has done, and the law- allies, emphasizing peaceful co- warned Friday that further bor- workers and peasants” without roughly four good strides across. counter- say there was fault on both sides. canal is a source of makers will be free to accept or existence and a thaw in the cold der incidents would bring “stern compensation to private owners. I remember watching huge Nasser much But they do charge that the after the fact. sec- leverage. It gives reject long war, nevertheless renewed the reprisals” by the Israeli Army. The Castro regime has promissed tions of 108-inch pipeline being the same kind of position, hands Continued on Page B-4 With the emergency big stick in threat of unilateral action in Ber- Yesterday the border was omi- compensation.