Can British Divert African Revolution? See Page 3 th e MILITANT PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Vol. X X IV — No. 9 222 NEW YORK. N. Y., MONDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1960 Price 10c Little Time Left Lincoln’s Birthday Observance Youth Pickets For Chessman Press California Legislature Resist Racist To Abolish the Death Penalty By M. L. Stafford Caryl Chessman still faces the gas chamber. He is Mob Attacks scheduled to die April 20. Gov. Edmund G. Brown has passed the buck to the California legislature. Unless this "No Trespassing" Arrests reactionary body outlaws capi-*- Attempt New lal punishment, Gov. Brown if the pressure mounts again? He Answered by Boycott Action has already said no. will grant no more postpone­ By George Lavan ments although he claims to be The new postponement, Brown Frame-up of against the death penalty. These announced, was due to a State Sit-down demonstrations by Southern Negro students Department telegram telling him are the most important facts against lily-white lunch counters are continuing despite now facing the millions of peo­ that the Uruguayan government M. L. King ple who succeeded in gaining “anticipated hostile demonstra­ iocreased racist violence and the “get tough” policy of another sixty days for the doom­ tions of student elements and Georgia police arrested Rev. state officials. ed man. Sixty days is not much others to Chessman execution” Martin Luther King, Jr., South­ The courageous young fighters against Jim Crow are ern Negro leader, on Feb. 17 at time to bring world pressure to when Eisenhower reaches Uru­ devising effective countermeasures to meet the officially bear on California’s Democratic guay. the request of Alabama officials. recommended tactic of arresting demonstrators for “tres­ and Republican legislators. “The argument is incred­ The charge against the leader of ible," said Revolución, news­ the famous Montgomery, Ala., passing” in the stores. Morc-<- Gov. Brown bowed Feb. 19 to Cops in Richmond, Va„ observed birthday of the Great Emancipator by arresting 35 Negro paper of the July 26 Move­ bus boycott is perjury in con­ over, the students are taking what the New York Times call­ college students. They were charged with "trespassing" by owners of Thalheimer's, city's larg­ ment in Cuba. "The life of nection with the filing of his the initial steps to coordinate ed “mountainous world - wide est department store, for protesting segregated lunch counters. Undaunted youth waves at Student Urges Chessman counts tor nothing, state income-tax returns in Ala­ the demonstrations which in a pressures.” These included two photographers as Jie enters patrol wagon. only the upset stomach which bama where he resided until month have spread into five million signatures from Latin the president of the United last month. southeastern states. America, petitions from India, National Action States might suffer because of King called his arrest “fur­ Typical of the white-supre- Japan and Sweden, a demon­ On Tour tomatoes 'a la Nixon' which ther harassment” because of his macist violence against the stration outside the walls of San Settlement Reached our brothers of the continent campaign against racial segre­ peaceful and disciplined protest At Woolworth’s Quentin. Will the governor might dedicate to him." gation. He dropped his initial movement were the happenings N E W Y O R K , Feb. 25 — A grant another stay in sixty days This is the eighth time in In Wilson Co. Strike Socialist Tasks plan to fight extradition even in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Sit- series of student actions cul­ twelve years that Chessman’s though “it was highly improb­ down demonstrations began there minating a giant one-day coast- execution has been postponed. ALBERT LEA, Minn., Feb. 19 aides that a non-striker h^s the able to get a fair hearing” in on Feb. 19, b u t on Feb. 23 some to-coast demonstration in sup­ Henry Winston While the American courts play­ —Hundreds of striking workers right to a given job then the Loom Large in A labam a. 300 white teen-agers with older port of Negro students fighting ed a cat-and-mouse game with at the Wilson packing plant here striker w ill be placed on a pre­ This latter is an extreme un­ leaders attacked Negroes in the lunch-counter discrimination in him, his ease became famous cheered when they received ferential hiring list. All strik­ Election Year derstatement. Alabama white Kress five-and-dime store. The the South was urged today by Denied Parole throughout the world — prin­ word that an agreement had ers not rehired after two years supremacist officials have re­ white youths threw dishes and Fred Mazelis, a sophomore at cipally because of the autobio­ been reached with the company, w ill no longer be considered em­ New York, N. Y. other items from the counters at Last week the Federal Parole peatedly arrested King since he City College. A founder of the graphy, “Cell 2455. Death Row,” thus ending their 108-day strike. ployees. the Negroes. Some jumped onto Board vindictively denied a Editor: emerged as leader of the bus Eugene V. Debs club at the col­ which he wrote in prison. But their jubilation was short­ (3) Strikers accused of illegal bo yco tt in 1956. the counter, shouting “K ill the lege and an editorial board new plea for a medical parole Before winding up this series Chessman said that his latest lived when the local and inter­ acts during the strike w ill have nigg ers.” member of, the Young Socialist, for Henry Winston, a Com­ of letters I would like to make These unsuccessful frame-up reprieve “transcends the fate of national officers of their union, their cases arbitrated separately Colored shoppers in other Mazelis sparked a petition move munist party leader railroaded a few general observations attempts were on charges such one embattled, condemned man. the United Packinghouse W ork­ on a , plant-by-plant basis. parts of the store were insulted at City College which resulted to prison under the Smith Act about political conditions in the as “loitering” in the court house It puts the question of capital ers AFL-CIO, told them what The union officials had to talk and threatened. One Negro in the Student Council calling for his political beliefs. country and their meaning for to leading an “illegal boycott.” punishment squarely before the the agreement was. hard to sell this settlement to the youth was severely beaten with for a sympathy demonstration socialists. Since income tax evasion is Winston is now in a New people for debate and resolu­ While the settlement includes strikers. They said that getting a bullwhip. at one of the city’s principal merely a misdemeanor in York hospital under police tio n .” pretty much the same economic Wilson to sign any kind of an There is widespread fear of Maintaining discipline, the W o o lw o rth ’’stores Saturday, Alabama, the charge against guard after undergoing emer­ Chessman’s attorneys, Rosalie benefits as won at the other agreement was a big victory. the consequences an atomic war greatly outnumbered Negro M a rch 5. the Negro leader was made gency surgery for a brain tu­ Asher and George T.. Davis, aid­ major packing plants, the pro­ The issue was presented to the would bring. People strongly youth left in a body, under a A ll colleges in the city are perjury— a felony with severe mor. He has lost the complete ed by A. L. W irin, noted Ameri­ cedure agreed to for rehiring workers as a choice between ac­ hope that the present softening heavy barrage of bottles, when being urged to support the de­ prison penalties. sight of one eye and partial can Civil Liberties Union at­ the strikers may mean that half cepting the offer and putting in international relations will the police ordered them out. monstration, Mazelis said, and sight of the other. His critical torney, are organizing a state­ of the 1,000 strikers here will their jobs on the block or con­ lead to world peace; they are Assuming that the charges Eleven whites and one Negro CCNY students w ill distribute condition is due in large meas­ wide campaign to “pressure the never get their jobs back. tinuing the strike and losing anxious for humanity to find a stem ñ'óm a recent grand-jury were arrested. leaflets to high-school students ure to the fact that prison au­ legislature into wiping the [cap­ Strikebreakers have taken their union. way to a live-andrlet-live policy “probe” of the finances of the The next day a larger body calling on them to join the in global relations. thorities denied him proper ital punishment] law off the over these jobs.and whether This threat of losing their Montgomery Improvement As­ of Negro youth arrived down­ picket line. medical care when he needed it. books.” Davis has announced a the scabs hold them p er­ union was based on the attempt Many people think the bipar­ sociation, the organization town only to find even larger Pointing to the student de­ tisan imperialist government in which conducted the bus boy­ Letters to the White House state convention on the issue in manently or make way for re­ of the National Brotherhood of crowds of hostile whites wait­ monstrations under way at urging a presidential pardon i early March, when the legisla- luming strikers is to be de­ Packinghouse Workers, an “in­ Washington has sincere peace cott, King announced he would ing for them. Upqn orders Woolworth and Kress stores in aims along this line; or, to put ask such p ro m in e n t people as havc been urged. ' (C o n tin u e d on Pave 2) termined by arbitration. dependent” union, to get the from the mayor, the fire depart­ Pennsylvania, Minnesota, New Throughout the six Wilson bargaining rights in all Wilson it the other way around, they former Senator Lehman of New ment turned the hoses upon Jersey and other areas, Mazelis lack awareness that the Amer­ York, the deans of the Harvard Too Many Babies? plants, 3,000 jobs out of 5,500 plants. both the white aggressors and said, “I think that when such w ill be subject to arbitration. This was a powerful argu­ ican capitalist class is basically Law and Divinity Schools, the the Negroes, dispersing the in itia l demonstrations have The procedure for returning ment for the workers here. responsible for the present war heads of the National Council crowds which totaled several spread to enough cities, the next danger. the strikers to their jobs, as Their spirit of union loyalty is of Churches and the Southern thousand. step would be to call for a I outlined in the agreement, is so strong that during the long, This causes them to fall prey Baptist Convention to audit his Through the pattern of in­ single day of demonstrations, You Need Brains as follows: hard-fought strike only eight of to the foreign policy double personal financial records. creasing violence by white North and South. Despite the ; (1) The company is to. call them broke ranks. With that talk of the Democrats and Re­ teen-agers run indications of arrests in many cities, the back, on the basis of seniority, same sense of union loyalty, publicans; and those counting Not Their Master adult incitement along with a southern students are showing To Outfox the Foe all strikers whose jobs have not they voted to accept the agree­ on arms production to keep secret (and sometimes not so no sign of giving up the fight. been taken over by non- ment and save'' the union even them employed become even A r a lly o f 1,000 in Buenos secret) toleration or encourage­ Their heroism is inspiring many By Joseph Hansen s trik e rs . though it may mean their jobs more entangled in the imperial­ Aires Feb. 22 heard speakers of ment by police and other offi­ northern students to act in their (2) The decision as to who — as d id s trik e rs a t o th e r W il­ ist w efi. the Socialist party left wing de­ cials. Though the police finally be ha lf. Fourth in a series of articles. has the right to the remaining son plants except in Omaha. It follows that socialists can nounce Eisenhower’s pending break up the fracas and, as in “If they win the support of jobs in the plant w ill be made But there is a greal deal of hope to refute the imperialist visit as that of a “master” com­ Chattanooga, even arrest some thousands of students across the What can be done to stop babies from making any by a tripartite arbitration board bitterness among the workers. foreign policy line only by get­ ing to see a subject country. As whites, the officials have a country, it could be a major further inroads on mankind? Some of the best minds in consisting of one person selected One striker with five years' ting down to fundamentals on the rally ended, three American much-desired “riot” on record. factor in helping therp force the the capitalist world are working around the clock on this by the union, one by the com­ seniority in the plant said: (C o ntin ued on Page 4) flags were set afire. (C o n tin u e d on Pave 4) major chains to desegregate.” pany and one by a federal judge "If the arbitrators rule the fa te fu l problem . Tim e is of the essence. I f the foe manages in Illinois. If this board de- scabs have a right to m y job. to keep up his present frightening rate of birth and our I'll have to go back to work death rate remains stagnant, by the year 3960 this small Red-Baiting Manual for a dollar an hour, maybe Experts Deny Soviets Plan War planet w ill have a population of 2,000,000 per square foot. for the farmer who took my job during the strike. I think A ll the experts agree that this would be too crowded. W ill Be Reissued American propagandists’ depic­ taken at face value and that ert J. Donovan states: “One of the agreement stinks." Say That Peace FEB. 25 — A n A ir Force tio n o f th e S o v ie t U n io n as the Communists have no H itler­ the salient facts emerging from A way to prevent such catastrophic piling up of hu­ A number of other workers manual which attacks the Prote­ seeking to launch “aggression” ian commitment to total vio­ the defense debate is that the mans was suggested by Stephen Enlce, Professor of Eco­ said they hoped they didn’t have Aim is Genuine to conquer the world. lence as an end in itself. United States government is nomics at Yale University. In a paper read at a meeting of sta n t N a tio n a l Council of to go back to work until all the By Alex Harie A gain, when Khrushchev Finally, though if has cer­ banking to a very great extent C hurches as “ C o m m u n is t-in fil­ scabs were out. Several hun­ the American Economics Association, this learned repre­ presented his disarmament pro­ tainly not been widely ad­ on the proposition that the So­ trated” w ill be reissued, accord­ dred workers who arc waiting sentative of capitalist thought proposed that underdevelop­ Ever since the end of World gram before the United Nations vertised, we are told in the viet Union does not contemplate ing to Rep. W alter (D-Pa.), chair­ for the arbitrators’ decision have War II, Washington has dinned last fall, Harry Schwartz, Soviet Feb. 14 New York Herald launching a nuclear attack in ed countries cut down on babies at once by giving cash man of the House Un-American declared they intend to go down into our cars that the rulers in expert of the New York Times, Tribune, "U. S. Policy Bank­ the foreseeable future.” bonuses to married couples who practice birth control. j Activities Committee. The man- to the plant gate and insist that Moscow are preparing to con­ Wall Street’s most authoritative ing on Soviet Peace Aim; He reports that none other ! ual had been withdrawn after the company run out the non­ This could be done, Professor Enke hold, by paying quer the world and that we paper, wrote that the Soviet Russia Seen W orking to than Gen. Nathan F. Twining, wide protest. strikers so they can go back to husbands who requested sterilization and wives who did must arm to the teeth to “deter” leaders expected major eco­ Achieve Goals Politically chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Walter announced that fol­ w o rk . not become pregnant for long periods of time. them . nomic benefits “from any ap­ and Economically Without Staff, told a recent Senate hear­ lowing a secret session today They have no faith in arbitra­ A few years back there was proach to complete disarma­ Risks of Nuclear War." A seeming barrier to this angle is the poverty of the with A ir Force Secretary Sharp, tion and they feci that with the ing that the Russians “don’t act even talk of launching a “pre­ ment, let alone realization of The author of the article, like they are going to jump on underdeveloped countries. The obstacle, however, might it was the latter who agreed to same determination that kept ventive war” to forestall Soviet th a t goal.” (Sept. 18, 1959.) Washington correspondent Rob- the accuracy of the “facts” in their ranks solid for sixteen the United Slates.” not prove insuperable. Congress, which has learned ad­ “aggression.” And there are The judgment of the Times’ the manual and agreed to reissue weeks they can get rid of the mirable alacrity in handing out tens or hundreds of bil­ still many voices proclaiming Soviet expert is backed by that it with the names of specific strikebreakers and win back the lions of dollars from the public treasury for deadly nerve that the Soviet “danger” is of its m ilitary expert, Hanson church groups deleted. 'jobs that arc rightfully theirs. Radio Station Cancels gases, H-bombs, atom ic pig boats and sim ila r C hristian greater than ever. Baldwin. In an article in the But many other big business Times magazine, Feb. 14, Bald­ paraphernalia, might be persuaded to offer a generous sub­ spokesmen have for a number win acknowledged that the So­ Speech Hitting McCarthy sidy to married couples in benighted lands who could 181-Day Mine-Mill Strike of years taken the opposite viet- leaders first proposed the prove sterility. view. They are convinced that suspension of nuclear tests and NEW YORK. Feb. 19 — Radio who asserted that “many other A January 16 dispatch in the New York Times’ des­ Won at Anaconda Copper the Soviet leaders genuinely have “consistently backed it.” station WMCA takes pride in people can better express the cribes experiments in India along these lines. The Central seek peace. Washington, on the other hand, its declarations against Mc- anti-McCarthy viewpoint than A 181-day strike ended Feb. The Feb. 12 People’s Voice, A year and a half ago, “has been put in a position of Carthyism. But yesterday the Mr. Lamont.” Government, writes Paul Crimes from Bangalore, “has 15 when members of the In­ an independent weekly pub­ Thomas Hamilton wrote in seeming to drag its feet on the station canceled a debate about Dr. Lamont, who had been urged the states to provide for male sterilization.” This ternational Union of Mine, M ill lished in Helena, Montana, re­ the Sept. 21, 1958, New issue.” the late witch-hunter because indicted for contempt-of-Con- laudable propaganda has been accompanied by deeds. and Smelter Workers returned ports that the state unemploy­ York Times that . . the So­ Furthermore, he said, “There one of the participants, Dr. Cor­ gress because he defied Mc­ to their jobs at Anaconda Cop­ ment commission and the state viet Union wants a separate is . . . probably, an economic liss Lamont “has been so closely “ Special surgical facilities have been established.” In New Carthy and had then won a per with a new contract. Ana­ welfare department, both dis­ agreement with the United motivation behind the fervent identified with L e ft-W in g Delhi, the Home Ministry even decided to allow govern­ court acquittal, said today, “I conda was the last of the "big criminated against the strikers States under which the two Russian support for ending causes.” fought McCarthy in the courts ment employees as much as six working days off if they five” in the copper industry to and “assumed the role of strike­ powers would, in effect, di­ testing and for arms control and D r. L a m o n t, 1958 In d e p e n d ­ and beat him, so I feel pretty agreed to use the time to get themselves sterilized. settle with Mine-Mill. All had breakers, as it were.” vide up the world." limitations. Manpower and re­ ent-Socialist candidate for U.S. well qualified to discuss the been struck last Aug. 19. However, the paper reports, In a similar vein, Neal Stan­ sources now used for nuclear Senator, had taped the debate qu e stio n .” "Yel the results have not been encouraging. Available The Anaconda settlement, “The obvious bias of the two ford wrote in the Christian Sci­ developments and arms could along with W illiam Rusher, edi­ physicians and qualified aides are hard to find. Even if each ratified by a secret ballot of the state agencies was not lost on ence M o n ito r N ov. 6. 1958, th a t be diverted into faster expan­ tor of the McCarthyite weekly. lie has protested cancellation clinic handled the 60,000 persons it was designed to servo, (¡,000 s trik e rs , w ill ru n u n til the people of Montana. Help, “ T he Soviets unquestionably sion of both capital goods and National Review. The discus­ of the broadcast to the Federal five out of six Indians would siill have no facilities." Ju n e 30, 1962. T he term s in ­ first in driblets, began coming want . .. a two-power decision­ consumer industries.” sion had been arranged by Communication Commission and A moral question came up, too. In Madras social work­ clude a wage increase ranging in. Then public opinion crys­ making meeting. That was Another authority who cate­ Prof. William L. Kuntsler for to the Senate Committee on from 15 to 35 cents an hour and tallized. Montana people finally Stalin's goal . . . with President gorically declares that the So­ his program, “Pro and Con.” It Legislative Oversight which is ers had been paid two rupees (40 cents) “for each man they fringe benefits amounting to an awakened to the fact that the Roosevelt. Moscow, to put it viet Union does not seek war is was to have marked the tenth currently investigating malprac­ induced to be sterilized. . Lamentably, in seeking more additional eight cents. company was indeed intent on bluntly, wants the Kremlin and Raymond L. Garthoff, a De­ anniversary of McCarthy’s rise tices in the broadcasting indus­ rupees, they often persuaded men to submit to the oper­ The drawn-out fight which wrecking the union no matter the White House to run the fense Department consultant. In to national prominence with his try. He branded WMCA’s ac­ ation “without impressing on the patient that sterilization imposed severe hardships on how many women and children world between them.” a book, the Soviet Image of notorious “Communists-in-gov- tion as “following up Mc­ starved in the process. Last Now, such descriptions of So­ Future War, he says, accord­ ernment” speech. meant he could never father children again.” the strikers failed to shake their Carthy’s tactics” and as a new solidarity and they won signi­ week food, cash, clothing, from viet foreign policy, though not ing to a review in the Feb. 22 Announcement of the cancel­ demonstration of “how unfree In contrast to this somewhat discouraging field report, ficant material support for (heir near and far began pouring very complimentary to the So­ New Leader, that the Soviet lation was made by the station’s is the air and atmosphere of (Continued on Page 2) catise. in . . . viet leaders, give the lie to the “defensive stance” should be president, R. Peter Strauss, A m e ric a .” Page tw o THE M ILITANT Monday, February 29, I960 Still Hitting the Bottle Artificial Stimulants Pep British Economy By Harry Ring By Tom Kemp its for the past year's oper­ untouched some important sec­ Britain, and will continue lo “Now, it is possible to stress the question Demonstrating the typical political. alert­ ations in their annual re­ tors of the British economy. be. of peace in a One-sided way so that we give ness of a CP leader, Davis notes “a certain British capitalism enters the ports! Most spectacular is the crisis It should bo noted that dif­ the impression that we support the Republican amount of disillusionment that has grown up in sixties on the crest of a new For over a year now it has in the coal industry where ferent industries in Britain Party because it has seized the initiative unde;' the labor movement and among the Negro peo­ upsurge. The momentum of been easier to go into debt in about one-quarter of the pits stand at contrasting points on Eisenhower on the question of peace. We must ple over lire 8Gth Congress.” the forces which had made for Britain than at any time in at present operating will have the curves of growth and de­ avoid that impression. On the other hand, we This disillusionment creates problems right boom in the past decade was history. Consumer durables to close in the next few years. cline. While the prospect of a cannot give the impression that we are a tail and left. First Davis considers the fact that a strong enough to prevent the can now be obtained lor small While the markets for coal much deeper recession than to the Democratic Party’s kite." labor leader like Louis Hollander of the New recession o f 1958— w h ic h was down payments. Those on cars shrink, production per worker th a t o f 1958 at th e end o f th e This thorny dilemma was dangled before York AFL-CIO and a Negro leader like Roy itself a serious warning that now stand at 10 per cent, is expected to rise by up to 10 present boom seems likely, it is the recent national convention of the Commu­ W ilkins of the NAACP have been talking about booms are made to bust—from whereas government controls per cent. Sackings have al­ not certain because of the con­ nist party by Benjamin Davis, the organization’s the possibility of shifting over to the Republi­ spiraling into a real slump. had formerly set a one-third ready taken place and more are tinued possibilities of expansion national secretary. His revealing formulation of cans. However, there is no doubt minimum. As a result the ex­ lo come. A new feeling of in­ in some of the more advanced the dilemma was exactly as quoted above; at “Wrell, this is a problem to which we have that the new boom differs from penditure on cars, motorcycles, security is abroad in the min­ sectors of British industry. least that’s the way it was printed in the Feb­ to devise some kind of an approach,” Davis the old, or is, more accurately radio and electrical goods rose ing villages—the one-time heart As they are in the front line ruary issue of Political Affairs. opines. not just a simple continuation 40 per cent in the second quar­ of industrial Britain. Related dilemmas seem to have hooked He quickly devises one. . . we have to as before. While the forces te r o f 1959 com pared w ith the of any intensified overseas trad­ Hardly less critical, though the CP leadership as they concentrate on con­ develop a broad electoral line designed to in­ th ird q u a rte r o f 1958, th a t is, ing struggle the pressure on which generated the expansion not yet on the surface, is the before the lifting of the “credit them to continue to make heavy vincing the ruléis of America of how wonderful fluence both major parties.” of the fifties have not yet worked problem of the shipbuilding in­ the Spirit of Camp David could be if they would But that’s just an “approach" to keep peo­ themselves out, still they have squeeze.” The corresponding investments in new plant may dustry which is being acutely just relax. ple like Hollander and Wilkins happy. The had to be supplemented by figures for furniture and floor grow during a recession—and affected by changes in world basic “principled” line remains unaltered. The new, artificial measures to sus­ coverings were 20 per cent. And, thus help to lim it its incidence Davis puts it this way: “We have to place trade and the competition of air though sales on credit were not on other industries. The pos­ the question of peace in such a way that it party is going to keep on supporting the Demo­ tain the market for growing travel on passenger routes. Tex­ prominent here, beer consump­ sibility of a sharp aggravation doesn’t look as though we are saying: ‘The crats even if a lot of other people in the labor o u tp u t. tiles have recovered temporarily And some of these measures, tion went up 8 per cent fob of the difficulties in some sec­ devil with everything else.’ We must avoid and Negro movement are getting confused on from their recession, but here by their very nature, cannot lowing the lopping off of part tors, together with continued what look place . . . during World War II, th e issue. again is a weak link. Similar be used twice, or only with of the hefty share of the price prosperity in others, cannot be when the Pittsburgh Courier, one of the leading weakness can be found in a diminishing effectiveness. The taken by the excise! ru le d out. Negro papers, came out with a Double-V cam­ Labor's " Victory‘ number of the older British in­ paign — victory abroad against fascism and long-term pr.ospcet of the B rit­ The basis of the Tory election The CP is going to stand right up and tell dustries. Tasks of Militants victory against jim -crow at home. We mistaken­ ish economy is by no means as slogan of “you’ve never had it the world, says Davis, that it was 100 per cent Intertwined with this is the ly shunted that aside as wrong.” rosy as the outlook for the so good” was partly laid in the The tasks of militants is correct for labor to have gone “all the way” in policies of the preceding year'. fact that all the boost given to clearly to advance the interests This “mistake” was, of course, a direct coming months. “throwing their weight” behind the Democrats But these policies only post­ consumption has not produced of workers in both types of sit­ expression of Stalin’s efforts to convince Roose­ Two Factors in 1958 despite “the betrayal of labor and the pone some of the tricky prob­ a powerful all-around boom in uation—or, indeed, in inter­ velt and Churchill that he was a reliable part­ heayy industry. It is true that Negro people by the last Congress.” The expert reports on the lems of British capitalism and mediary ones—and to expose ner — one who could be counted on to help some industries which have In fact, he reveals, it was not only correct performance of the economy prepare further difficulties for the role of the “responsible” scuttle socialist revoutions in- Europe and Asia — it was “a victory.” The only flaw was that been doing well are expanding which have been made recently the future. Tory Prime Minister Mac­ trade-union leader, so beloved, and put the brake on the class struggle and the the “victory” wasn’t “followed up.” capacity. But many firms are show that the boom is now spe­ Stimulus Wears Off millan rode back into office on occasion, of the capitalist fight for Negro equality in the U.S. drawing in the slack and can There is still another barbed twist in the cifically related to two main last fall on the crest of pros­ press. And to link up the As members of the Stalin cult, Davis and CP electoral dilemma: Davis notes that a It is generally accepted that increase production still fur- factors—one in the domestic the stimulus given by the last perity in Great Britain. Now struggle between one sector and the other party hacks followed this line slavish­ dozen unions are actively discussing the need i ther without embarking on new an other. field, the other flowing in from budget is wearing off. Many there are signs that 4he boom ly. “Win the war,” became their sole concern. for a labor party. And there are radicals, in­ investment. the behavior of the world mar­ workers have already stretched may be petering out. I In the declining or stagnant They denounced as “treasonous” efforts of cluding some in the CP, who favor united Apart from steel — where ket. (The long-term factors of themselves to the utmost to ac­ industries that means a fight workers and the Negro people to defend their socialist opposition to the capitalist parties. How some special considerations expansion over the past decade quire washing machines or TV against sackings in the first in­ intfei'ests against big business. This policy dis­ to cut the ground from under them? have applied, such as the boom are not examined in this article sets for which they had not archy, has been favorable to stance. In the prosperous and graced the party in the eyes of m ilitant union­ Well, one way is to make a verbal con­ in cars and the U. S. strike— concerned with the immediate been able to put down the cap ital. expanding industries it is to ists and civil-rights fighters. cession to them by agreeing on the need for the situation and prospect in past and future.) higher down payments formerly Parallel with the rise in un­ help workers secure a larger building a labor party eventually. But while the capital goods sectors is still The first of these was the re q u ire d . employment—still much be­ share of the product of their offering lip service to the perspective of helping rather stagnant. Output has A Bit More Deh opening up of an hitherto un­ Now comes the pay-off— low prewar, but severe labor which is now being to break the workers away from the capitalist increased much faster in con­ Now a member of the Khrushchev cult, tapped consumer market by tax wages going on meeting the enough in some localities and scooped up so lavishly by thé parties, Davis simultaneously declares: “. . . sumption goods. Davis is out to prove that the new head man concessions in the budget of payments are not available industries — went a virtual employers. The latter are al­ there, is just no use talking about a labor party in the USSR is a fit partner for U.S. big busi­ A p ril, 1959, and the easing of for buying other goods. M o re­ cessation of wage advances. ready aware that published or a third party” while labor and the Negro Boom Has Narrow Basis ness in preserving the world status quo, in­ credit restrictions which had over, on an aggregate basis, profits and the general eco­ people are “ in” the Democratic party. The rhythm of an annual cluding class peace in this country. This time, been started as a counter-cycli­ repayments are mounting and In fact, the all-round increase nomic situation meanf that This leaves the CP wide open to withering claim in most industries, estab­ however, the party leaders intend to be a bit cal measure in the previous au­ the ^curve of new business in industrial production does wage claims are going to be attack from the independents and socialists. lished since the war, has been more flexible. Their efforts w ill not be rigidly tumn. More money was left done on credit is rising more not look very impressive (espe­ pushed, under pressure from What to do about that? Does Davis recognize brokenxas the trade-union lead­ confined to the single issue of “peaceful co­ in consumers’ hands by lower slowly than before. The cially to those with one eye the shop floor, in coming the danger? He does. While avoiding “pre­ ership stayed their hand or existence” that currently clothes their pursuit taxes—especially in the hands artificial market opened for over their shoulder observing m onths. mature" moves, says Davis, “we should not played along with the long- of a Kremlin-Washington deal. of the rich. the realization of surplus the rate of increase in the leave any gaps in the electoral field for the drawn out negotiating mach­ Some have hastened to grant Meanwhile the banking sys­ value thus threatens to con­ USSR, or even in other capi­ “We have to have an approach . . . of our Trotskyite and other elements . . . to spread in e ry. or prepare concessions intended tem has taken full advantage of tract in the coming year. talist countries). In the third Party fighting for peace and social progress in The upshot has been that to forestall the larger ones de­ their disruption and disorientation.” the relaxation of controls over The second main factor favor­ q u a rte r o f 1959 th e in d e x o f our country,” Davis declares. However, lest And how do you do that without fostering markets have been expanding, manded by the workers—espe­ credit to expand advances and able to a high level of industrial industrial production stood at this “flexible” approach smacks of ultra-leftism, there has been an uninterrupted cially an hour or two off the or supporting independent or socialist tickets? to introduce personal loans activity in Britain has been the 121 on the basis o f 1953 equals he hastily adds: “I don’t propose this necessarily increase in production, new working week. They argue The Communist party will try to run' some after the American pattern. continued growth, of exports, a 100: it had been 112 in the as a slogan.” techniques have been intro­ that this can easily be met out local “independent” candidates. But not “a Likewise, it backed the lifting reflection of the revival in the worst quarter of the recession. duced, capacity has been more of the higher profits now being Fighting for the “Spirit of Camp David” rash of candidates.” That might be interpreted of government regulation of United States and Germany. N o one w o u ld c la im th is as a fully utilized but wage rates made, is a better option than (which Eisenhower claims he never heard of) as opposition to the Democrats. Just a few care­ hire purchase dealings (install- Thus in the first eight months spectacular rate of advance. can be ticklish bqsiness. Particularly if you fully chosen side contests. have remained stationary. The a pay increase wrested by the ment-plan credit) by lending of 1959 exports to the USA were The basis of the boom is thus are determined, as is the CP leadership, on sup­ The convention resolution noted that “Much rate of exploitation in many in­ workers in struggle and a large sums lo the financial no less than 40 p e r cent h ig h e r a narrow one. Britain remains porting Democratic party candidates who offer of our present weakness stems from the hang­ dustries has gone up, with a hedging on the grant of the 40- houses handling this business. than in the previous year, and vulnerable to shocks from out­ overs of revisionist thinking. . .” Some people considerably greater profit per hour week. It is also a pré­ very little these days in the way of peace or No wonder bank chairmen those to West Germany were side and her competitive posi­ worker and a somewhat smaller, caution against a subsequent progress. might think they're still hitting the bottle. -are announcing bumper prof- up 15 per cent. tion may be weaker in the next but still appreciable, rise in pro­ falling off in profits to a greater Prosperity in Britain was downturn. Where industrial­ d u c tiv ity . extent than these. linked to the fortunes of the ists are aware of this possibility While the present boom, w ith’ c a p ita lis t w o rld m a rk e t as a Profits Hit New Peaks they have been making some whole. Significant, however, quite frantic efforts in the last its limitations, is likely to be ...You Need Brains to Outfox Foe some time working itself out, was the fact that the British Business has certainly never year or two to put themselves share in the world trade in had it so good. Profits have the crisis of British capitalism (C o n tin u e d fro m Page 1) thousand, something of that kind. You've got to have over a in a better state of prepared­ reached new high points. Mer­ continues in new forms. It million teachers just to show people how to use this. You manufactures continued to de­ ness by re-equipment and the previously cited pamphlet, “The Population Bomb,” gers and take-over bids have does not at all follow that a can’t get that going in 50 years. So it's out." cline slowly: from 18.1 to 17..6 changes in organization. takes an optimistic view: per cent betw een 1958 and 1959. gone on apace. The stock mar­ new, deep slump is in prospect Indeed this has been a fac­ The entire current birth-control program is in a blind British exports have grown ket has responded with an ap­ and socialists would be wrong "Male sterilizaiion — vasectomy — is a simple procedure. tor in keeping up the level of to base their prognosis and pro­ alley! That’s Sir Charles’ startling discovery. The natural only because of the expansion parently ever upward move­ One American surgeon writes: 'It may be done easily, rapidly of world trade as a whole, but ment despite repeated counsels investment above what it gram upon such an eventuality stupidity of men was overlooked and along with it the for the near future. and painlessly. The patient walks in, walks out and goes Britain’s competitive position of caution from some of the might otherwise have been; staggering problem of educating them to see that their has not improved. (Figures in more wary of the financial gen­ about his affairs. No after-care is necessary, no hospitaliza­ and the money has certainly But they have the heavy rev first duty to the human race is to learn how to use a good United Nations Bulletin for Eu­ try. Big capitalists—and not sponsibility of welding them­ tion.' " been available. Mechaniza­ birth-control device and to never forget it at the critical rope, No. 3, 1959.) so big ones—have been making selves to the British working tion, even where it does not We are assured, in addition, that “It does not affect moment. A new factor in world mar­ hay. class, which despite some super­ kets, already becoming visible mean direct redundancy, in­ sexual relations adversely and is not to be confused With Such a discovery might dismay a scientist of lesser Deep down, however, things ficial appearances, is potentially during the last recession, was are not so secure. Not only is volves a pressure against stronger than prewar, and car­ castration.” stature. But not Sir Charles. Fresh approaches must be the altered world position of there the feeling abroad that established union and work­ rying it into battle before in­ People burdened with an inclination to criticize in a tried! the almighty dollar. The weak­ what goes up must come down, shop practices and this has security and prolonged unem­ carping way — and what sin is greater than that? — may ening of the dollar leads to the and the possibility of a break in "I would like to have a system of taxation — and it would possibility that American indus­ been one aspect of the ployment do their demoralizing point to the fact that mass sterilization of male humans the stock exchange boom, but have to be stuck lo for a century or so — in which the richer try w ill pressurize the Adminis­ the prosperity has left almost struggle of the classes in w o rk . is advocated only for underdeveloped countries, not the you are, the more inducement you have to have children." tration to get tpugh with for­ United States, and that this is much like the “master race” eign importers and will, in any That might be an exciting contest, the rich whites in business in Nazi mythology about sterilizing the Jews. The case, intensify its sales policy this world trying to outspawn the poor whites and all the criticism shares the fault common to such one-sided picking abroad. Either of these courses blacks and yellows. But wouldn’t such a race play into the could hit British exports. ... Little Time Left for Chessman bf flaws; it overlooks what the true experts really advocate. hands of the foe we set out to conquer? Sir Charles is no In the meantime business The population problem is “unrelated to color, race or here is pinning its hopes on the (Continued from Pa?e 1 > him were helped by the police Fraser was also a relative of idiot. He dismisses the proposal as unrealistic. “I don’t geographical location,” explain the authors of “The Popu­ growing purchasing pull of, ture meets. San Francisco May­ in making the identification. the prosecutor and was hired on think you’ll ever get it the way political opinion is going lation Bomb.” “It could apply to the United States if our sterling countries (and some or George Christopher will A paroled convict, Chessman the prosecutor’s recommenda­ now. . .” other primary producers) who make the keynote speech. had nowhere to turn for his de­ tion. On about twenty-five occa­ population were outstripping our resources. . .” Can the surplus population be sent to other planets? are earning more, owing to the Last year, the legislature fense. He refused two attorneys sions, he checked his rough Sir Charles Darwin, grandson of the Darwin of evo­ who wanted him to “cop a plea,” Our eminent authority believes not. You’ve got to have better prices they are getting voted down a bill to abolish the draft with the prosecutor and lutionary fame, has done much to outline the scope of the ■for th e ir exports. B u t th is again death penalty. Governor Brown and he could not afford the price made changes at the prosecu­ a reasonable temperature, plenty of water and oxygen. inquiry that should be made into the population problem. is a situation extremely liable w ill introduce it again on Feb. of a third lawyer who was w ill­ tor’s suggestion. He also checked Have you got these on other planets? No. So that’s out. ing to fight for an acquittal. In an interview in U.S. News & World Report, he held to alteration without prior no­ 29. He has stated th a t unless the his draft with two prosecution “ What effect do you think a nuclear war would have?” tice. legislature abolishes the death Rather than trust his case to a witnesses — both policemen. that the main immediate danger from the hordes of babies asked Sir Charles’ interviewer. Darwin’s grandson gave It is true, nonetheless, that penalty within the 60-day-re- public defender, he decided to Chessman never saw the draft now being born is that they are “black” or “yellow.” The this the benefit of his full powers of thought: Great Britain’s gold and foreign prieve period, he w ill not com­ conduct his own defense. a t a ll. long-range peril from his point of view is, of course, even exchange reserves—a sensitive mute Chessman’s sentence. He knew nothing of law or In a 1957 h e a rin g fo r habeas more ominous. Having eliminated such natural checks on "I don't know, but there is the point that people quite barometer of economic health, The facts in the Chessman legal procedure, and he charges corpus, even prosecution experts population as famines, plagues and wars of high mortality, rightly talk about the horror of nuclear war and say that the though not the only one—have case glaringly illustrate why that additional obstacles were admitted that the Fraser version been ris in g o v e r 1959 as a capital punishment should be put in his way by the late Judge “we’re responding just the way the rabbits did in Aus­ whole of New York might be blotted out or the whole of the of the record contained nearly Eastern States of the United States might be blotted out. whole, despite some exceptional abolished. Gene Marine reviews Charles W. Fricke, who presided two thousand inaccuracies and tra lia .” "This would be the greatest catastrophe ever, but it out-payments. There is now a them in careful detail in an ar­ at his trial. that entire sections of the dead somewhat larger cushion ticle in the October 17 issue of “Jailers refused his repeated "Man is an animal, and, however much food is produced, doesn't solve the pro’blem. W hat does it mean — 100 m illion recorder’s notes had not been dead? One hundred million are replaced in three years. You've against unexpected draws on the Nation. requests to be allowed to inter­ transcribed. lhere will always be too many mouths asking for it." ste rlin g . view other persons connected got to have a war like that every three years, you see. You In the first place the “Little The habeas corpus hearing with the case at the jail . . . must keep to arithmetic on this thing." Lindbergh” law under which stemmed from a U.S. Supreme The foresighted grandson of Charles Darwin believes Fear Higher Interest Rate They also refused his repeated Chessman was convicted and Court decision in June 1957. that a good birth-control device for use on a world-wide requests to possess and use per­ This would seem to end any hope of keeping down But the balance of payments which pro'vides the death pen­ Justice Harlan ruled that be­ scale is “the best economy for the human race you could sonal legal books . . . papers, the population. If you can’t sweep back the tide by dropping surplus was smaller than some alty in kidnapping cases, has cause of the inadequate trial clerical supplies or a typewrit­ possibly get.” an H-bomb in a populated area every three years, our optimists were predicting at the been changed since Chessman’s record. Chessman had been e r ..., ” said a Chessman brief. wily new foe would seem to be invincible. However, one mid-year and the cheap credit conviction so that it no longer denied due process of law. "But you've got to have an educational system. You've policy, necessary to maintain Unprepared to take up his de­ covers the particular type of But what if Chessman had got to teach a billion — at least a billion — grown-up people avenue does remain open: domestic spending, was already fense when the trial began, he crime alleged against him. been proved guilty after a fair how to use it. Well, how many men can a man educate? A raising the specter of with­ asked for more time. Fricke de­ "There, of course, is also the danger of one possibility: If In the second place, like thou­ trial, would he then have de­ drawals of cash held in London nied the request. you went and destroyed the whole human race, that certainly sands of other people without served the death penalty? Pro­ Advertisement Advertisement to other centers where interest Right after Chessman was would solve the population problem." means who get caught in the gressive opinion throughout the rates might go up. convicted, the court reporter conviction m ills known as courts world holds that capital punish­ If such withdrawals took place died without having transcribed That’s a joke our generation can readily appreciate. In of “justice,” he did not get a ment itself is barbarous. It has on a sufficiently large scale 1 the shorthand notes of the trial this modern world, which has advanced so far from the fair trial or a fair chance to ap­ been abolished in more than higher rates in London to “pro­ proceedings. A ll death sentences peal his case on its merits. fifty countries and in nine states insecurity of the cave, we need never feel nervous about tect the pound” might be neces­ receive automatic appeal in Cal­ A rre s te d in 1948 and charged of the U.S. our rulers doing something like that. And if they do, we sary. The Tories own support­ ifornia, and an exact reproduc­ as the “ Red L ig h t” b a n d it w h o can rest assured it w ill be done in the best interests of ers have unkind memories of tion of the trial proceedings is "... all punishment growing preyed on couples in “lover’s the human race. the crash increase to 7 per cent m a n d a to ry. out of hatred is cruel and anti­ w h ic h to o k place in 1957 and lane,” Chessman was indicted on Another court reporter, Stan­ social,” said Clarence Darrow, A less drastic solution, which experts like Sir Charles eighteen counts including rob­ contributed to the subsequent ley Fraser, was assigned to the great lawyer who earlier in Darwin might well consider, is one offered by an amateur, stagnation in the economy. bery, sex perversion, rape and transcribe the dead reporter’s the century specialized in de­ Pakistan’s ruler Ayub Khan. He is reported by Time If it has been possible to real­ k id n a p in g . notes at an unusually high fee fending the underdog. magazine to have “sighed” one day: ize surplus value on an ex­ At the police station, sever­ of $10,000. Society must first understand tended scale again in the past al victims of the "Red Light" Fraser was an alcoholic, says that the criminal’s act “had an "If our population continues to increase as rapidly as it year, what about its extraction? bandit declared he was not Marine. “Evidence from other all-sufficient cause for which the the man, but Chessman says is doing, we will soon have nothing to eat and will all become There is ng doubt that at that court reporters seemed to cast individual was in no way re­ point of production the general he was never given the names serious doubt on Fraser’s ability sponsible and must find the cannibals." situation, aided by the acquies­ of these so that he could sub­ accurately to transcribe his own cause of his conduct and, so far (Next, week: The Rev. Malthus.) cence of the trade-union hier- poena them. Witnesses against notes, much less anybody else’s.” as possible, remove the cause.” Monday, February 29. 1960 T H E MILITANT Page Tkfee - - - - - >7

Subscription: $3 a year; Ca­ Second class postage paid Tempers Flare in Africa nadian, $3.50; foreign. $4.50. t h e MILITANT at New York, N. Y. The American Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: DANIEL ROBERTS Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY Published weekly by the M ilitant Publishing Assn., 116 University PI., N. Y. 3, N. Y. Phone: CH 3-2140. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent the M ilitant's policies. These are expressed in editorials. Way of Life Vol. X X IV — No. 9 Monday, February 29, 1960 How to Beat Down a Deadbeat The Chessman Case Eugone H. Barnes is an American to keep your ey£ on. He is a psychologist - r - f in fact, as of now, the only The revolutionary founders of this of mind among our big-business rulers and psychologist working full time for a collection agency. country wrote their Declaration of Inde­ “power elite.” It is not only an -unspoken Barnes may well be on the*- pendence out of a “decent regard to the recognition of the death penalty^ political way to revolutionizing the art the debtor a fear of gossip and opinions of mankind.” . Today the rulers usefulness to a decaying ruling class. It of bill collecting. He says he’s disgraee. turning it into a science. Annoying phone calls are of the U.S. regard the opinion of mankind ties in with their rationalizations for use His. success may be gauged used to arouse wives against as infuriating “interference.” of the H-bomb. by the fact that the agency that their deadbeat husbands. Such That is why such a bellow of rage went They have adjusted their thinking to employs Barnes collects about women often become “24-hour- up from politicians of both major parties mass slaughter and have even worked out 79 per cent of the debts turned a-day collection deputiés.” This no doubt gives thé economy ati and from a large section of the capitalist their religious and moral “justifications.” over to it, while the average agency collects only 55 per cent. added boost by providing more press when the State Department and Gov­ They are coming to feel an emotional af­ business for divorce lawyers. ernor Brown thought it advisable to bow According to the Feb. 27 Sat­ finity for death sentences and gas cham­ urday Evening Post, Barnes’ But the basic ingredient re­ to foreign opinion and grant Caryl Chess­ bers. success assumes its proper sig­ mains the human one—the bill man a temporary reprieve from execution collector himself. Barnes says: Our labor bureaucrats have played an nificance when you realize that in California’s gas chamber. e v e ry m o n th $85 m illio n w o rth “Our most valuable collectors abominable role in the Chessman case. Especially galling to American big of debts are turned over to the are restless, driven fellows who Their way of reflecting the reactionary professional dunners. sit tensely on the edge of their business is the fact that protests and dem­ views of America’s rulers has been to Barnes is convinced that “bill chairs, walk rapidly and derive onstrations by students and workers in collectors play an indispensable pleasure from the battle of rem ain silent. A nd this in a case in vo lvin g Part of a crowd of 1,500 African women who battled armed police last summer. The women Uruguay or Brazil can affect the working function in our economy.” Out­ wits with debtors. . . . cruel and inhuman punishment and one were demonstrating, sticks in hand, against an increase in the poll tax. City officials at Ixopo of “justice” in this country. America’s standing consumer credits now “I found that the best men in which it is highly doubtful that the vic- frowned on the protest and ordered police into action. Increasing civil strife in Africa has moved amount to more than $50 bil­ h a rb o r a c e rta in h o s tility ¿.for rulers emerged from World War II confi­ British Prime Minister Macmillan to advise "apartheid" rulers of South Africa that it wpuld be -tim was granted a fair trial. lion—three times as much as a which their work provides a dent that this was the American Century; discreet to modify their brutal exploitive system. * , Time was when the American labor decade ago. The competition is socially acceptable outlet/. .> It i.e., the era of their world domination. In­ no longer for the buyer’s dollar movement stood in the vanguard of all is best for him to view the stead, a revolution “robbed” them of China but for his promise to pay that world in terms of blacks and humane endeavors — whether for social while anti-imperialist revolutions and the dollar later. When that prom­ whites—that is, good guys who rapid rise of the Soviet Union forced them progress or justice and mercy for an in­ Mounting Revolution in Africa ise is broken, merchants have pay their bills and bad guys to tack the loss onto their to indefinite postponement of their dreams dividual. The bureaucrats who “lead” the who don’t. Otherwise his work labor movement today cannot be accused prices. So you see, bill collec­ might trouble him.” of conquest. tors are really combating in­ of such broadness of vision or universal As long as he can “walk Each protest movement abroad re­ Spurs British Policy Changes fla tio n . rapidly,” why should a bill col­ sympathy. They have reduced American Changes minds them of this; and the protests have Slake Debtor's Fears lector be troubled? not been few. American intervention in labor’s moral influence to an all-time low. By James Baker in the nineteenth cen tury —Evelyn Sell The advance of science and reason scramble for Africa the Euro­ investments are needed, how­ To advance this patriotic en­ the Korean civil war and the testing of Give the devil his due! Mac­ ever, to develop the agriculture long ago disposed of all arguments for pean powers: Britain, France, deavor, Barnes employs a num­ nuclear weapons are but outstanding ex­ millan has shown himself in a Belgium, Spain, Italy, Portugal and the industrial resources of executing criminals and psychologically ber of psychological precepts. amples. Public opinion abroad has made number of situations the most and Germany carved out col­ these countries; and so far there The primary one is: “We must Pass FBI Test is no sign that capital is avail­ itself felt against McCarthyism and the disturbed people. Th^ death penalty is a astute and the most unscrupul­ onies for themselves with a to­ motivate the debtor to pay up vestige of mankind’s dark and vengeful ous political boss that’ the capit­ tal disregard for the national able on anything like the scale by lighting within him the fires witch-hunt, the exécution of the Rosen- necessary. Moreover, their de­ On Belly Crawl past. “Before the rise of fascism in Eu­ alist class has had for many and cultural boundaries of the of anxieties and fear's.” bergs, and repeatedly against the Jim years. pendence on the sale of their African peoplës. Having done so To ignite such flames, dun­ The regents of th e U n iversity Crow “justice” meted out to Negroes in rope,” the Encyclopedia Britannica points His performance in Africa primary products makes their they proceeded to enrich them­ ning messages are sent ex­ of California formally apolo­ out; “’it seemed probable that the growing was masterly. He was able to economies extremely vulnerable the South. selves in the quickest way pos­ actly five days apart. "This gized Feb. 20 to the F B I fo r demand for the abolition of the death derive the maximum of political to fluctuations in the world Another important source of the out­ sible from their labor. is frequ en tly enough to ap­ daring to include a question ih advantage by taking decisions m a rke t. penalty in Europe and in South America All were subjected alike to proximate the techniques of an examination so form ulated burst that met the stay of execution for to which he was driven by sheer The success of this experi­ would force a change in the United States. the pulverizing processes of im ­ the Spanish Inquisition, when as to indicate the true role of Chessman is the dedication to, indeed, necessity. ment in West Africa has, how­ perialism, so that the political the torturers made drops of America’s secret political glorification of, the death penalty. This With the advance of the totalitarian pow­ His African safari, with its ever, encouraged the imperial­ and economic systems of the water drip-drip-drip on the police. ers from 1938 on, the tide of reaction climax in the Cape Town speech ists to believe that a similar reveals much about the psychology of past were completely destroyed. foreheads of their victims." on February 3 in which he con­ solution might be found in the The question, in a test for A m erica’s ru lin g class. toward drastic punishment was sweep­ The imperialists maintained demned apartheid, took most other areas of Africa. If it was To keep the drip-drip-drip ing . . . ” their power partly by military c o 1 le g e admission, read: Consider, for example, a Feb. 20 edit­ people by surprise. possible to contain the African from putting out the flames of force and partly by stimulating "What are the dangers to a orial in the Los Angeles Times entitled We welcome the foreign protests He has confused his opponents revolution within a bourgeois anxiety, notice are illustrated artificial rivalries between so- democracy of a national po­ “Chessman Lives to Shame Us A ll.” After against the execution of Caryl Chessman. and consolidated his own posi­ framework in West Africa, why with stern pictures of “an ac­ called “tribes.” They did so also cusing finger attached to a hand We welcome and thank the students and tion by taking the only course should it not be possible in Cen­ lice organization, like the vilifying the movement for clemency for by maintaining the peoples in a lurking out from a judicial which may possibly make Africa tral Africa, Kenya or even the F.B.I., which operates se­ Chessman as ignorant and “lynch law in workers in Uruguay, Brazil and all other state of economic and cultural robe.” safe for imperialism for a few Union of South Africa? cretly and is unresponsive to parts of the world who voiced, in their backwardness. The wealth of Taking a tip from Smell-O- reverse,” the editors laud the gas chamber more years. (Reprinted, somewhat abridg­ the country was exported; what­ Vision, Barnes says that “scent­ p u b lic criticism?" as the “sanitary disposal mechanism that way, the philosophy of Tom Paine: “The Apart from a few old die- ed, from the Feb. 13 Newsletter, ever rudimentary forms of edu­ in g w ill com e n e xt. F o r a a civilized society” uses to protect itself world is my country; all mankind are my hards, his own party w ill wel­ British revolutionary - socialist The regents said that ques­ cation existed were in the hands while I thought I might make b rethren.” come his statement although publication.) tions of this kind were some­ from “contamination.” One has to go back of missionaries. our notices smell of decay, but only the big capitalists among times included in exams for to the newspapers of Nazi Germany to We pledge to do all in our power to Dr. Rubinstein in Seattle this would only arouse repug­ them w ill understand its Signifi­ These were responsible for “shock values.” nance. I am searching for ways find such brutal contempt for human life aid by protests the halting of injustices in cance. The opposition, who have the inculcation among the A fri­ SEATTLE — Dr. Annette T. The school authorities got to inspire fear subliminally.” and the likening of men to garbage. their countries. What is foreign “interfer­ insisted on treating Africa as a can peoples of a lively sense of Rubinstein w ill speak here Fri­ down on all fours before J. One idea is the odor of charred “moral issue,” w ill be surprised their own inferiority and of the day, March 4, 8 p.m., on “Sean Edgar Hoover’s secret snoopers The Los Angeles Times’ editorial is an ence” for the capitalists is international wood since this “suggests fire and gratified that Mac is on total worthlessness of their past. O’Casey and Bertold Brecht— after the American Legion, self- accurate reflection of a widespread frame solidarity for the working people. and a connotation of urgency.” their side. With the help of unscrupulous Two Political Playwrights.” appointed guardian of the na­ The Afrikaner Nationalists anthropologists they were able Sponsored by the Committee to More prosaic methods are tion’s political “purity,” had were not slow in the uptake: “ We to develop the myth of the Secure Justice for Morton So- also used, but with a twentieth sounded the alarm over placing are being thrown to the wolves,” “special” nature of African so­ bell, the meeting w ill be held at century psychological twist. such a thought-provoking sen­ M erger of Socialists in India Die Burger, the government pa­ ciety, of a people obsessed with th e D o w n to w n Y M C A , 909 Messages are left through tence before would-be college per wrote, quoting the com­ witchcraft, fetish worship, mag­ Fourth Ave. neighbors, thus creating in students. ic, ritual murder and other The Revolutionary Workers party of Specifying their attitude toward the ments of many Nationalist poli­ forms of barbarism. The white India has announced that It is merging main opposing forces in the radical move­ ticians. If we are to understand these developments we must ex­ rulers adopted these myths wifh In Other Lands forces with the Revolutionary Communist ment, they call for “Relentless struggle, amine them in the context of enthusiasm since they corres­ party. The announcement appeared in the ideological or political, against the pro­ events in other parts of the ponded with their own pre­ Feb. 5 issue of their official newspaper imperialist policies of the social-democrat­ African continent and of the judices. AFL-CIO to Boycott So. Africa “The Militant.” (By choosing this name, ic parties as well as against the class-col- world generally. West Africa was unsuitable climatically for European settle­ the Indian comrades indicated their ad­ the Bavarian state government But, Taylor adds, the presi­ laborationist, opportunist and revisionist A Revolutionary Situation ment and the main form of ex­ Joins World Move to keep it going. However, the dent w ill not make the acquain­ herence to the revolutionary-socialist tra­ policies of the Communist parties.” ploitation was through the de­ There exists in Africa at the firm/s engine-building subsidiary tance of Senor Guillermo Munoz dition which we have sought to maintain In a statement accompanying the joint velopment of peasant agricul­ Against Apartheid present time a revolutionary is due for a government contract Romero. By missing him, “he ture for such crops were sold in through the years.) platform, “The M ilitant” declares that dis­ situation. From the Cape of Branding the racist policies of to the tune of $100 million to misses half of South America.” the world markets by govern­ The united organization, to be called cussions on the differences that separated Good Hope to the Mediter­ the South African government build the power plant for the ment boards which paid the “Guillermo is bent and bur­ ranean 130 m illio n people have as “ b ru ta l and in h u m a n ,” th e German Air Force’s new Star- the Revolutionary Communist party of the two parties were held between leading peasant producers only a pro­ dened and lives in a civic back shown that they are no longer AFL-CIO Executive Council has fighter jets. The power plant is India, has four main points in its program: members for the past 18 months. The joint portion of the world market pocket called Bulnes, in a mud willing to live under the condi­ called for a boycott of all South a GE jet engine which the West (1) Support of the struggle of the masses platform is essentially the same as the price. Large urban populations hut with a roof shingled w ith old tions imposed on them by the African goods. An appeal for German government has been old forms of society. This does grew up round the ports through tin cans. He is a man w ith much against foreign imperialism and native ne proposed in the first • issue of “The such boycott was made last sum­ licensed to manufacture. not mean that the population which the primary products smile but no teeth, who looks 70 capitalism. (2) “Unconditional defense of £ilitant” (March 20, 1959) as a “minimum mer by the African National Stockholders in the currently will break out in open revolt were exported. These ports at­ but is actually only 47, he thinks. the Soviet Union, China and other work­ basis” for Marxist unification in India. Conference of South Africa. profitless parent company have everywhere, as it has done al­ tracted peasants from the inter­ “He has never had a steady job The Feb. 13 decision of the reportedly rejected a GE offer ers’ states against any .capitalist attack.” The RCPI has already ratified the ready in some areas. But it does ior to seek employment as un­ or averaged more than 50 cents AFL-CIO follows adoption of a to buy only the engine division. (3) Support of the struggle of the working agreement to merge; the RWPI is holding mean that there is a possibility skilled workers. a day. He has no hope. similar stand last December by people to end “bureaucratic privileges in district conferences to consider ratification. th a t it w ill do so. In none of these territories, “Every Latin American city the International Confederation Iraq Government The outbreak of civil war in however, do wage earners ma"ke has tens of thousands of Guil­ the Soviet camp countries.” (4) Subordina­ It is expected that the membership will of Free Trade Unions. The Central Africa or in the Union up more. than 5 per cent of the lermos; jobless, bedless, book­ tion of all partial and sectional interests approve the proposed step. A merger con­ council noted that the boycott is Denies License to of South Africa would threaten total population, and in some it less, often doctorless . . . They of the working people to “the world social­ ference is scheduled for April. being actively supported in the whole precarious structure is much less. The majority are live in shoulder-to-shoulder Western Europe, Great Britain, Communist Party ist revolution.” We hope that this unification of Marx­ of capitalist society in Africa, small peasant farmers. These squalor, usually along the banks Scandinavia, Jamaica and many In a document jointly adopted by the ist forces in India w ill serve to hearten and and indirectly in the rest of the commercial activities led to the Iraq’s Premier Kassim is fa­ of some open-sewer stream in parts of Africa. central committees of the two parties, the world. W orld imperialism is now development of an African mid­ voring a nationalist splitoff of sub-slum suburbs. inspire revolutionary socialists throughout In Great Britain, the boycott facing the problem of its own dle-class made up of rich farm ­ the Iraqi Communist party as “Bulnes lies behind a high- basis of the merger is stated to be the ac­ the world. To strengthen the Marxist has won the support of the Trade internal reorganization; it must ers, traders, lawyers, doctors, against the official party. long, crumbling wall. In it live ceptance of the “fundamentals of Marxism movement in India is to strengthen its try to re-establish in Africa sys­ clerks, government servants and Union Congress, the Labor and It was reported that the Iraqi 10,000 people. There are for this and Leninism” and rejection of “all doc­ counterpart in the centers of imperialist tems of government which are intellectuals generally. This Liberal parties and many stu­ government has rejected, at least multitude, precious few loaves more than mere terror. middle-class has provided the dent groups. trines of class peace and revisionism.” power, particularly in Britain. -temporarily, the regular organ­ and fishes. And, for the whole Totalitarian dictatorship in leadership for the various na­ To promote the boycott here, “Capitalism as a world system is his­ The unification in India w ill increase ization’s application for a gov­ slum, just 16 water faucets.” the form of fascism is not a pos­ tional movements in these ter­ the AFL-CIO instructed its De­ torically doomed,” the document declares. the political weight of the Socialist Labor ernment license put has granted sible solution at present; ritories. The slogan of “one man, partment of International Affairs one to the dissident group which Monkeyshines “ Its signs are unmistakably evident today. League, the Marxist wing of the British throughout the world there is a one vote” was the means by to provide affiliated unions with has attacked the official party as We are already living in an epoch of Labor party. This is specially timely, for sharp contradiction between the which this embryonic bour­ educational materials. lacking in independence from' In Monastery? transition from capitalism to socialism. the Socialist Labor League has been the actual structure of present-day geoisie achieved power for itself. The.council also endorsed the Moscow. The applications fol­ World capitalism can be finally vanquished object of a savage witch-hunt, visited upon society and the needs of world It was unable to develop fully Pan African movement as “the lowed a decision by Kassim that The Italian national police an­ capitalism. This contradiction within colonial society, and it expression of solidarity which nounced Feb. 19 that it had ar­ only through the struggle and victory of the tendehcy, in part, because of their firm political parties must have of­ lakes on its sharpest forms in was able to canalize the discon­ Africans, regardless of the arti­ ficial authorization to function. rested four Roman Catholic the international proletariat, subject to the support of socialist and anti-imperialist Africa. In order to save capital­ tent of the peasants and the ficial regional divisions imposed In holding off on the CP bid, monks in Sicily. The police laws of the uneven development of capi­ movements in India and other colonial ism it is probably necessary to working class and direct them on the various peoples by the the government requested that charged that the monks had been ta lism .” areas. deprive the white settlers of against the colonial rulers. After colonial powers, feel for each it remove the word “revolution­ operating an extortion, arso.n The fate of Indian capitalism, as part We can think of no more auspicious some of their privileges. This some initial hesitation the col­ o th e r.” ary” from the application and and murder gang from their was a hard decision to make, onial powers realized that they of world capitalism, is held to be sealed. first step which the new Revolutionary clarify the words “Marxist-Len- monastery at Mazzarino. but now that it has been decid­ had no alternative but to hand General Electric inist.” The application was re­ The Indian masses can solve their funda­ Communist party of India might take than ed Macmillan and Macleod are over power to this nascent submitted with the requested Jailings Increase determined to go ahead in spite bourgeoisie. mental problems only through a “socialist to express the international side of its Seeks to Purchase deletion and an explanation that of the squalid band. They handed over to them social order and organization of a demo­ program by issuing a strong declaration of Marx and Lenin were the auth­ In Fascist Spain This is a similar decision to also a legacy of malnutrition, cratic workers’ state based on the leader­ support to the Socialist Labor League W est German Firm ors of an economic theory which that which De Gaulle has disease, illiteracy, undeveloped M o re th a n 100 personfe w ere showed that each country had ship of the working class in alliance with against the witch-hunting capitalist press, taken in Algeria and the Bel­ communications and a popula­ According to a Feb. 20 report arrested in two days following to follow its own path to social­ the rural masses and urban petty bour­ right-wing Labor party and trade-union gians in the Congo. And it tion which looked forward con­ fi'om Bonn, the general manager the explosion of bombs in pub­ ism . geoisie.” bureaucrats, and assorted centrists who will not be long before the fidently to a rapid improvement of the General Electric Com­ lic b u ild in g s in M a d rid Feb. 18. pany’s Jet Engine Division has In a series of planks, the nationaliza­ seek to destroy this promising tendency. Portuguese come up against in their circumstances. So far What Eisenhower Another 40 persons were jailed the same problem in Mozam­ these expectations have not been conferring with the major­ in connection with a recent tion of basic industry is advocated together To come to the aid of the beleaguered bique and Angola. The eyes been entirely disappointed. Ow­ ity stockholders of the Bavarian Won't See in Chile Spanish Communist Party con­ with a state monopoly of foreign trade. British socialists may seem no more than of the world are on Africa; ing to the demand for the pri­ Motor Works w ith an eye to se­ ference re p o rte d ly h e ld in Transitional measures are advanced such an elementary expression of international no one wants the responsibil­ mary products of these countries curing 50 per cent of the com­ President Eisenhower w ill see P rague. as workers’ control of production and a solidarity. But it has a reciprocal effect. It ity of starting a second Al­ from the booming economies of pany’s stock. the “immaculate centei-” of San­ “Reliable” official sources in sliding scale of wages and hours. Stress is strengthens those who take such action. geria. the West, stable government L o n g k n o w n as an auto m a n ­ tiago, capital of Chile, during his Spain attributed the bombings Imperialism has subjected the has been maintained; and a cer­ ufacturer, BMW has been losing visit there, reports Henry N. to (a) the Communist party (b) placed on the struggle for complete equal­ That’s one of the ways the world socialist peoples of Africa to the most tain amount of private capitalist money in recent years and has Taylor in the Feb. 17 New York the Anarchists (c) Spanish exiles ity and defense of democratic rights. revolution moves ahead. ruthless forms of exploitations; investment has occurred. Large been receiving subsidies from World-Telegram. in Cuba. THE MONDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1960 N U M B E R 9 of “Terrible” Touhy, who, it is' ened with death, bombing and VOLUME XXIV Disagrees with Us generally assumed, was silenced the burning of his home. FBI by former “syndicate” rivals. agents are investigating. On Adam C. Powell He had written a book contain­ Yours for more realism in TV Victimized Editor: ing juicy information about the shows. ... Socialist Tasks in 1960 ties of the Capone mob with Judge in Tennessee In my opinion your editorial Ed Larsen ( C ovtinn ed fro m Page 1 ) G riffin law ; and it is moving highly-placed officials. rapping Meany for his attack Chicago openly toward support of on Congressman Powell is a Chicago’s “finest” proved sin­ the war question. Over and strikebreaking attempts in in­ smokescreen. You treat Powell gularly inept in solving the Should Socialists ovèr again, and in plain lan­ dustry. Crime. guage, they must explain: what Outlaws Integration like you do Walter Reuther. The break in class relations You criticize them but with a This aroused suspicion and Jibe at Experts on drives capitalism toward imper­ catches the unions fiat-footed. lot of reservations. alarm among a number of citi­ ialist exploitation of peoples For years the top officials have Reuther, the liberal union bu­ zens, but Mayor Daly, head of Population Riddle? abroad; how this policy clashes bureaucratically imposed a po­ reaucrat, and Powell, the liberal the local Democratic machine, with the growing world struggle licy of wheedling concessions In Private Schools Democratic party bureaucrat, and his side-kick, police chief Editor: < for better living standards; why from the bosses with govern­ w ill both get along OK. To sat­ O’Connqr, hastened to point out I take exception to your re­ atomic war w ill remain a con­ ment help; but far from grant­ It’s against the law in Tennessee to haVe integration isfy their own ends, they will that organized crime just does cent articles on the population stant danger until labor takes ing concessions, the bosses are in private educational institutions, according to Circuit both help to put the brakes on not exist in our fair city. problem. So far in the series full charge of American affairs. now trying to knock out past Judge Chester C. Chattin. Revoking the state charter of Smack on the heels of this union democracy and on the you have merely quoted various Socialists w ill be helped in union gains and the government Highlander Folk School Feb. 16,*------— - assurance, the lid blew off the struggle for Negro equality. public figures who are anxious this effort by the present shift is backing them up. Chattin declared the state’s se-1 tified to the falseness of these wholesale organized crime car­ J.J. O'B. about this situation, and have in capitalist strategy on the A widening gap appears be­ gregation laws “constitutional charges, Chattin used them to ried on by various sections of Columbus then commented with sneers home front; for it is in domestic tween official union policy and and valid.” strip the school of its tax-ex­ the police. against their (admitted) hypo­ policy that the real imperialist the workers’ needs, producing Highlander has contended empt status. The school is fil­ First came the exposure of a The Lofty Purposes crisy and confusion. But there foreign policy is today most a search within the ranks for that the U. S. Supreme Court’s ing action for a new trial. Northside police burglary ring. has been no solid, constructive clearly expressed. an effective labor program. school desegregation decisions Highlander has offered short­ The cops employed a profes- Of Chicago Police socialist answer presented. Under these conditions socialists invalidated the state law bar­ term interracial workshops on sion al second-story man and . •> Labor Under Attack To be sure, we assume under can expect to get a hearing for ring integrated classes ajjd labor, integration and com- Editor: hauled off the loot in their socialism production would be Having Been dealt a sériés of policies " based upon ’recognition workshops. Chattin held that m’urnty organization™ for 28 TV programs show crime squad cars. maximized and distribution ren­ setbacks by revolutionary ad­ of the class conflict between the high court has not ruled so years. Because of this it has series in which the defenders of Then the spotlight fell on the dered more efficient and just, vances abroad, the imperialists labor and capital. far as private schools are con­ been under attack by racist au­ law and order invariably are cops who shook down motorists but can we be completely sure are turning their fire on Amer­ cerned. thorities for everything from heroes motivated by high and on the vice-squad men who Negro Struggle that even under socialism popu­ ica n la bo r. T he a tta c k has as Basing his decision on an ad­ “immorality” to “communism.” moral purposes. In real life, took the usual bribes from lation growth would not be a its aims: to protect capitalist visory verdict of a county jury G o v e rn o r M a rv in G r iffin however, as we in Chicago have gambling operators, and bor­ Formation of the Negro Labor R E V , MARTIN L U T H E R problem ? profits at the workers’ expense; last November, Chattin also charged in 1957 th a t th e school’s been recently reminded, the men dello keepers. Council within the AFL-CIO re­ KING, prominent leader of to cripple the unions so they found Highlander “guilty” of Labor Day seminar constituted behind the brass buttons turn Exposure of crooked opera­ Do we have a real answer to flects the determination of Ne­ the Southern civil-rights can’t fight back; and in the selling liquor without a license. a “communist-training school” out to be as lowdown as the TV tions connived in by police of­ the assertion that food produc­ gro workers to intensify their movement has been subjected process to get in a better posi­ to promote “methods and tac­ crooks. ficers and politicians came thick tion can only be increased arith­ struggle for civil rights; and to new harassment by racist He further contended that Myles tion to drag the country into tics for precipitating racial dis­ Chicago’s current police scan­ and fast. In Stickney Township, metically while people repro­ th e stud ent demonstrations Alabama authorities who have Horton, founder and president w a r. turbances.” dal (not the first in American a man who signed an extortion duce at a geometric ratio? against discrimination at South­ brought a trumped-up charge of the school, has operated it for Prominent public figures from history) started with the old- complaint against one of Chi­ G.C. Wage demands today run up ern lunch counters marks a of tax evasion against him. “personal gain.” all parts of the country have fashioned gangland-style killing cago’s “finest” has been threat­ Los Angeles against stiff resistance from the trend toward mas? initiative (See story page 1.) Although many witnesses tcs- employers, who at the same among young Negro militants. protested these attacks on the time are trying to put a crimp Manifestations of political dis­ school. Among them are Mrs, in escalator clauses pegged to sent are on the rise throughout Eleanor Roosevelt, Jackie Rob­ the cost-of-living index. W ith­ the student movement as a ... Youth Pickets Fight inson, Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr and out resorting as yet to open whole; some who have become Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. conducted “in the presence and January's Jobless Figures wage cuts, the bosses are forc­ disenchanted with the capital­ (C o n tin u e d fro m Page 1) If upheld, the Highlander with the approval of the student ing the workers into a position ist two-party system are show­ verdict threatens a number of This, they hope, w ill serve as leaders.” By Herman Chauka ing definite interest in socialist Tennessee's privately oper­ where price rises and high taxes a legal and propaganda excuse T he Feb. 27 A fro -A m e ric a n eat more deeply into purchasing ideas. ated colleges and universities ' for denying Negro students re p o rts a m e e tin g o f 83 re p re ­ pow er. Social tensions generally are that are integrated, including It always pays to take a dose look at the were 400,000 more long-term unemployed last their legal right to conduct sentatives of students in Caro­ Automation, speed-up and re­ easing conformist pressures Vanderbilt University. fine print — particularly in ^ny information m o n th th a n th e re w e re in J a n u a ry 1957. peaceful demonstrations—in the lina and Virginia participating lated devices are used w ith cold long imposed by the witch-hunt. Horton has announced that put out by the government. The figures on “nonwhite” unemployment name of preserving public in the campaign against lunch- calculation to cut into jobs like More people are examining all the ruling will not interfere Early this month the Department of Labor indicates the heavy economic price of Jim ord er. counter discrimination. H igh termites eating into a dwell­ views in search of fresh poli­ with Highlander’s current^ pro­ issued a press release on unemployment in Crow. While 5 per cent of the white labor North Carolina Attorney Gen­ point of the meeting was a decla­ in g. C h ron ic unemployment tical answers. gram. “I assume that the rul­ January. It cheerfully noted that though total force was jobless last month, about 12 per eral Malcolm Seawell advised ration by a student from St. grows worse; over four million These trends give special im ­ ing w ill not be final and bind­ employment had hit a new peak, the seasonal cent of the nonwhite workers were jobless. store managers to order Negroes Augustine, a Negro college in are now jobless in the midst portance to the Socialist W ork­ ing,” he said, “as long as new decline in jobs was “normal” and the number This was not some fluke situation last away from lunch counters and Durham, that he and the others of a boom. And the AFL-CIO ers party’s coming presidential trial actions and appeals are be­ o f jobless was less th a n in J a n u a ry 1959. month. “The proportion of workers among the to have the police arrest them should be prepared to go to predicts the boom w ill slack off campaign. If socialist-minded fore the court.” Then came the follow-up in the form of long-term unemployed:.was three times as g'reat if they refused. This strategy jail, refusing bail if arrested by July, bringing on another people everywhere in the coun­ an official bulletin of finely typed statistics and for nomvhites as for whites,” says the bulletin. was widely adopted. during a sit-down demonstra­ econom ic slu m p b y 1961. try pitch in and do a real job charts. The facts in the bulletin are not quite “In each occupation group the unemployment Stores put up “No Trespass­ tion . Not Healthy to Be Poor Instead of showing concern of campaigning, revolutionary Families earning under $2,000 as cheery as the news release which had been rate for Negroes was significantly higher than ing” signs at their lunch coun­ This proposal shocked Ihe for labor's social needs, the socialism can make a step ahead a y e a r lo st an average o f 10,3 featured in the daily press. This is particularly for white workers. ters. Forty-three Negroes were audience and there was a bipartisan capitalist govern­ in 1960. days from work last year as the true for Negro workers. “Moreover, Negroes are heavily concentrat­ arrested for “trespassing” on lengthy silence finally broken ment has slugged the unions Fraternally, result of illness or injury, ac­ The bulletin shows that unemployment rose ed in occupations with the highest unemploy­ the sidewalk of a Raleigh shop­ by a soprano voice from the with the Kennedy-Landrum- Farrell Dobbs cording to a federal survey. to 4,150,000, or a seasonally adjusted rate of ment rates — laborers, farm laborers, and op­ ping center. The Georgia six-woman delegation from Families earning $7,000 or more 5.2 per cent of the labor force. This percentage e ra tive s.” House of Representatives passed Duke, a white university, lo st o n ly 5.9 days. was the same as the month of December, slight­ The same situation applies among the sub­ overwhelmingly a h a s tily - saying, "Some of us are w ill­ ly higher than last spring prior to the steel stantial number of workers who are on a short “ The Wall Between” Selected drawn bill against persons who ing to go too!" strike and significantly higher than the pre­ week. There are now 2.2 m illion people who are refuse to leave a store when so This dramatic scene, accord­ recession month of January 1957. At that time regularly working part time (less than 35 hours) ordered by the manager. ing to the Afro-American story, ,the rate of unemployment was 4.2 per cent. either' because slack production has put thleir By Pioneer as a “ Best Buy” But the Negro students' an­ was unintentionally brought Despite the increase in total employment there swer has really put the about by Rev. Martin Luther plants on a regular short week or because they The Wall Between, by Anne To understand what they áre were one half million less factory jobs last simply can’t find a full-tim e job. About 350,000 squeeze on stores following King telling the conference: “If B'ra'dch. Monthly Review fighting for and what inner m o n th tha n in J a n u a ry 1957. this "No Trespassing" tactic. there’s any mistake made by us more workers fitted in the latter category last Press, N e w Y o rk . 1958. 306 forces keep them going, read More than half of those unemployed in m o n th than in J a n u a ry 1957. They have thrown picket in Montgomery, it was that we pp. Paperbound. Regularly The Wall Bqtween. January had been looking for jobs more than The Department of Labor says: “Nonwhite lines around them urging all were too anxious to avoid jail $1.85. (Special buy $1.25 from Originally published in hard five weeks. Moreover, the number of long-term workers who have jobs are more likely than Negro customers to slay out when we were arrested.” CHICAGO P io n e e r P ub lishers, 116 U n i­ covers a t $5, its appearance n o w unemployed — those seeking work 15 weeks white workers to be involuntarily on part time. and to cancel charge accounts The Afro-American story, is A Symposium on “THE NEW versity PI., New York 3, in paper covers puts it within or more — moved up from 800,000 in December In January 1960, about 10 per cent of all non­ they have there. highly critical of the way in SWASTIKA PLAGUE” w ill N. Y.) easy reach of every Negro and In Raleigh, N. C., Negro stu- which “certain paid officials of fe a tu re Rev. William Baird, to 900,000 in January. white workers, but only 3 per cent of white white opponent of Jim Crow. dents are picketing Wool­ a nationally known civil rights Rev. Joseph P. King, Eugene The bulletin reports: “The number of long­ workers, had less than 35 hours of work for When this book was first pub­ — G. L. term unemployed has shown no significant such reasons as slow business or inability to lished it was reviewed at greater worth’s, McLellan’s and Kress. organization,” presumably the Feldman, Howard Packer, Tim downward trend since last May. . And there find full-tim e jobs.” length in the M ilitant (July 14, In Richmond students from V ir­ NAACP, tried to monopolize the W oh lfo rih and Rabbi Arnold 1958) as an o u ts ta n d in g w o rk ginia Union University are con­ question period reserved for the W olf, S unday, M a rc h 6, 7:30 on the struggle for Negro equal­ Pickets Empty centrating on Thalhimer’s, a de­ students. p.m. Fine Arts Building, 410 S. ity. On reading it again a year partment store with a large Ne­ These officials, the story M ic h ig a n A v c ., Room 812. and a half later, one finds that gro clientele. charges, displayed two con­ ' • the passage of time has not in­ Woolworth’s Pickets in front of it carry cerns—“covering up for two MINNEAPOLIS jured it.. On the . contrary, placards and distribute leaflets weeks of inaction and prevent­ Dr. Annetle T. Rubinstein events since then emphasize its urging a boycott in retaliation ing the students from creating speaks on “THE POLITICAL for the arrest of 34 sit-down de­ their own co-ordinating or­ OUTLOOK FOR SOCIALISTS AN OSCAR-WINNING PERFORMANCE— reiterated the company’s stand that the failures current importance and literary In Philadelphia monstrators on “trespassing” ganization. They did not want Lena Horne has won wide plaudits for her were really successes. He said the aborted m e rit. in 1960” Thursday, March 10, 8 PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 21 — charges. another organization such as p.m., Andrews Hotel, Room M-3. talented performances as a singer and actress. launchings provided valuable engineering data Basically, it is the story of An F. W. Woolworth store in x The campaign against lunch- the Montgomery Improvment Joint sponsors: Twin City Labor But she earned herself a special award at a not otherwise obtainable. how Anne and Carl Braden the Negro community here was counter discrimination has, in Association.” Forum and National Guardian. Hollywood night club Feb. 17 when she bounc­ • * * bought a house for a Negro emptied out yesterday when a a brief month, reached the point In Winston-Salem, N. C., D o n a tio n : 50 cents. ed an ash tray off the skull of a loud-mouthed friend in a lily-white neighbor­ MORE POWER FOR COPS? — O. W. W il­ picket line was set up in soli­ where the students are already where two weeks ago, Carl • business executive who ignored her demand to hood in Louisville, Ky.; how a son, dean of the School of Criminology at the darity with Negro students facing thorny policy problems Matthews, ail alone began a N E W Y O R K stop making anti-Negro remarks. Miss Horne courageous band of people at­ University of California says the police need fighting Jim Crow at lunch bars such as whether or not to sus­ sit-down, he now leads a m ili­ Two lectures on “THE WORK later explained that she had lost her temper, tempted to defend that home broader power's. Speaking at an international in the South. The action was pend demonstrations w ith o u t tant organization of over 300 AND THE WORLD OF C. but she declined to apologize. from white-suprcmacist vio­ conference on criminal law in Chicago, he pro­ conducted by about 50 Negro definite concessions; and, if members. Asked if he had WRIGHT MILLS,” by W illia m lence; and how the Louisville posed that cops should be allowed to hold ar­ and white youth, mostly college there are to be negotiations, trouble on his job, he replied: F. W arde. BUT IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN LOADED — authorities organized a com­ rested persons for twenty-four hours without and high-school students, or­ whether to make minimum de­ “No and really I don’t expect Friday, March 4, 8:30 p.m.— New York school superintendent John Theobald bined segregationist and Mc­ ganized in the Philadelphia bringing them before a judge (the police in mands and whom to select as any. I’m a member of the “The Causes of War and the refused to consider a demand by~ the NAACP Carthyite witch-hunt against most cities do this now without legal authoriza Youth Committee against Dis­ negotiators. Teamsters’ Union and the union Prerequisites for Peace,” a cri­ to remove Minerva Atkins, a school principal the Bradens and their sup­ tion). He also urged that arrests for “probable crimination. In Greensboro, where the de­ has promised to back me in my tical analysis of Mills’ book, who humiliated a group of Negro children at porters. Preparations for the action cause” be made easier and that police should monstrations began, a general activity if the movement causes THE CAUSES OF WORLD P.S. 91 in Glendale. The children are taken be allowed to detain anyone merely on “reason­ -That in itself would make a were made at a meeting at the student meeting at the end of me to lose my job.” WAR III, and of his program there by bus from their overcrowded school able suspicion” that he “may be seeking an stirring story. But The Wall University of Pennsylvania with the first week agreed to a two- fo r peace. district in Brooklyn over the protest of local representatives from Swarth- opportunity to commit a crime.” Between is much more. It is week “truce.” Some students Friday, March 11, 8:30 p.m.— racists. On Jan. 27, Mrs. Atkins said she had more College present. The Con­ Bankers’ Delight * * • a sensitive and enlightening de­ disagreed with calling the de­ “Social Science in Our Time,” received a phone tip that the Negro children scription of the effect of segre­ gress on Racial Equality sup­ MUSE BEFORE NEWS ON BBC — The monstrations off before the ob­ Taxpayers w ill shell out more a review of Mills’ book, THE were bringing weapons to school. She had 65 gation on Southern whites and ported the committee’s action. British Broadcasting Corporation has demon­ jectives had been won. So far than $9>/z billion in interest on SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGIN­ Negro youngsters march into the school audi­ Negroes, of the social and psy­ The chairman of the meeting, strated a truly impressive dedication to the arts. the stores involved have tenta­ the national debt In the fiscal ATION. torium and submit to search. The frisking turn­ chological motivations and re­ LeRoy McRae, a Negro student, A few moments after beginning a broadcast of tively decided to keep their ye a r s ta rtin g J u ly 1, 1960. T h is At 116 University Place. C o n ­ ed up one unloaded water pistol. actions. And it is a moving au-’ called for solidarity with the the Symphony in D Minor by Cesar Franck on lunch bars closed. Who is ne­ is the second biggest item in the tribution: 50 cents per lecture. • • * tobiographical account o f a fighters against racism. Feb. 19, the BBC’s Home Service received of­ gotiating on behalf of the stu­ federal budget, topped only by Auspices Young Socialist Al­ NO FOOLING AROUND — Murray Shel­ family that stood up to perse­ He urged organized labor to ficial word that the Queen had given birth. dents is a secret, though some the armaments program. liance. ton, a New York landlord, has been arrested cution and prison for their prin­ lend its support to the fight, However, “it was decided not to interrupt the of the student leaders know. It on charges of assault and unlawful entry. Mrs. ciples. pointing out that “the same music,” a spokesman said, and so listeners had is hinted that the negotiators Advertisement Advertisement Dioica Ortiz, one of his tenants, accused him of Anne and. Carl.. Bra.dcn still forces which bolster Jim Crow to wait thirty-five minutes to hear the momen­ arc a group of adults prominent barging into her apartment and threatening her* live in Louisville. Today they benefit from the non-union tous news. in local social, religious and fi­ with a gun. The purpose of the visit was to are leaders in the South-wide S ou th.” • • • nancial affairs. Asked by an demand that she pay more rent. desegregation fight. Anne Brad­ The effective demonstration A f r o-American correspondent • * • LIBERALISM DEFINED — Adlai Steven­ en, besides her family respon­ won local publicity. One of the (Feb. 27) whai they would do if OUR ENLIGHTENED COURTS — A 12- son, spokesman for the liberal Democrats, told sibilities (she has just had an­ organizers, A rle n e F e lb e r- John Brown’s Raid the negotiations bore no fruit, a Feb. 19 news conference in Panama that he year-old boy, said to have fathered a child, is other child), is working full baum, 21, was interviewed over the student leaders replied; saw “little objection” to raising the Panamanian under an Indiana court order to support the time for the Southern Confer­ Station WDAS. She urged “Wc haven’t thought that far flag alongside that of the U.S. in the Canal Zone child from his earnings as a bootblack. ence Educational Fund. Her public support to the Southern ahead yet.” I * * • — provided the Panamanians clearly under­ husband, continuing to battle figh ters. In Durham, the Carolina On Harper’s Ferry FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE— The Georgia stood that the U.S. was the real boss in the for civil rights, faces prison for Times, one of the best and most Oil December 2, 1859, John Brown was hanged legislature on Feb. 18 killed a bill that would area. He also favored Panamanians having defying the House Un-Amer­ W hy not pass this copy of the militant Negro papers in the have exempted page boys — some of them access to the Zone if they abstained from “viol ican Activities Committee. Militant on to a friend? South, has an editorial (Feb. by the State of Virginia for attempting an insurrection four years old — from signing the state’s “non- enee and demonstrations such as occurred here 20) entitled “No Negotiations to free its slaves. Communisl” affidavit, when they pick up-their last fall.” At that time bayonet-wielding mar Without Student Leaders.” It Brown's raid on the federal arsenal at Harper’s ines attacked Panamanians demonstrating $4-a-day pay checks. Those who haven’t learn­ reveals at least one attempt by Ferry was denounced throughout the North as the act ed to sign their names can make an “X.” against U.S. job discrimination in the Canal school officials to usurp the • * * Zone. Yes, Count Me In of a madman. Yet a year and a half later, the Boston right to make further decisions AN OUNCE OF JUSTICE — Albert Davis, » * * The Militant about the demonstrations. Light Infantry marched through the streets singing 19, a Negro sentenced to die in Texas on a THE SUMMATION — Sylvester Lee G arri­ 116 University PI,. "If these school officials “John Brown’s Body.” Over 300,000 Negro soldiers conviction of raping a white woman won a son, 27, a Negro construction worker, was sen­ N ew Y o rk 3, N. Y. can't muster enough courage would sing it in the Civil War. commutation of sentence Feb. 13. The governor tenced to death in Denver Feb. 5 on a murder to support the student offi­ What impelled Brown to strike his blow for free­ changed his sentence to life imprisonment be­ charge. Asked if he wished to say anything Yes, I'd like to make sure I get the Militant every week. cials in their efforts, they cause a white youth who was convicted of before sentence was imposed, Garrison said: Count me in for a year’s- subscription. Am enclosing $3. should have common decency dom? Arthur Jordan tells how Brown came to the participating in the rape had been given a life “There’s not too much to say, not too much enough to keep their long and conclusion that the slaveholders would never abandon te rm . to say. I knew I would lose. There were 13 N am e ...... :...... crooked noses out of their their hateful system peacefully. In the Winter issue * * * jurors — all white — and I was husky-and business," the editorial says. of International Socialist Review. Send 35 cents for dark. You [the judge] fought so hard to prove SMASHING SUCCESS — The Martin Com­ S tre e t ...... Warning against an attempt a copy. pany, which leads the manufacturing field in me guilty. I could say a lot but it wouldn’t do by Negro school officials “to nail providing a well-paying haven for retired De­ no good. I can only say I’m not guilty. There’s C ity ...... down their jobs at the expense fense Department brass, had another of its nothing else to say.” Garrison has been ordered of all the Negroes of North International Socialist Review Titán missiles fall apart in an attempted Feb. put to death in the gas chamber the week ol Carolina,” it closes with a de­ r 116 University Plaçe . Npw York 3. N. Y 5 Cape Canaveral launching. A spokesman May 9. He is appealing the conviction. mand that any negotiations be 4 - , r igid i, ili iiii iiiij i j i ili. I