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THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE

www.lrta.org www.tautonline.com

SEPTEMBER 2018 No. 969 politics and transit in and the gtha

Industry debates why UK is ‘behind the light rail curve’ LuxTram launches wire-free section First Nigerian ‘light rail’ line opens US takes aim at China’s transit suppliers

Butzweilerhof Łódź 09> £4.60 A private funding Surplus depot finds success story in Köln valuable new role 9 771460 832067 , 3 October 2018 Recognising excellence and innovation in the global light and urban rail sector Entries close 31 August

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www.lightrailawards.com CONTENTS 344 T he official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association SEPTEMBER 2018 Vol. 81 No. 969 www.tautonline.com EDITORIAL Editor – Simon Johnston [email protected] Associate Editor – Tony Streeter [email protected] Worldwide Editor – Michael Taplin [email protected] News Editor – John Symons [email protected] Senior Contributor – Neil Pulling Worldwide Contributors T ony Bailey, Richard Felski, Ed Havens, Andrew Moglestue, Paul Nicholson, Herbert Pence, Mike Russell, Nikolai Semyonov, Alain Senut, Vic Simons, Witold Urbanowicz, Bill Vigrass, Francis Wagner, Thomas Wagner, 335 350 Philip Webb, Rick Wilson Production – Lanna Blyth News 324 SYSTEMS FACTFILE: 344 T el: +44 (0)1733 367604 [email protected] Luxembourg extends tramway and reveals Neil Pulling explores Germany’s financial ‘fast ’ plans; Abuja opens its first light rail capital, where the revived tramway is just DESIGN – Debbie Nolan line; Russian low-floor prototypes on display; one part of a wider transport network. Advertising Tel Aviv launches Green and Purple line COMMERCIAL Manager – Geoff Butler Tel: +44 (0)1733 367610 tenders; EC to probe Siemens merger. WORLDWIDE REVIEW 350 [email protected] Trial operations begin on the Urumqi Publisher – Matt Johnston UK LIGHT RAIL CONFERENCE REVIEW 328 ; first rails laid on Strasbourg's Howard Johnston and Tony Streeter report Koenigshoffen extension; Kassel’s diesel Tramways & Urban Transit 13 Orton Enterprise Centre, Bakewell Road, on the highlights from Manchester. RegioTram line may be electrified; Iran's Peterborough PE2 6XU, UK Isfahan metro extends; UK tram- Tramways & Urban Transit is published by Mainspring toronto AND THE GTHA 335 testing moves to full route. on behalf of the LRTA on the third Friday of each Rail expansion is underway, despite earlier month preceding the cover date. uncertainties – Vic Simons, Philip Webb MAILBOX 355 and provide an update. More thoughts on double-deck ideas and an obituary for a well-known tramway figure. köln butzweilerhof 340 PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION Tobias Brauer and Martin Schiefelbusch CLASSIC : ŁÓDŹ 356 Warners (Midlands), Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH, UK examine a new approach taken to private Mike Russell visits the museum in Brus, site LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) funding for German tramway development. of the new home for the collection in Łódź. Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up members of the Light Rail Transit Association. LRTA WEBSITE AND DIARY Short-term politics versus long-term projects Brian Lomas Aside from our usual news-packed issue, two stand-out articles deserve a [email protected] [email protected] mention here as they both take a sideways view of the same topic: politics. Subscriptions, MEMBERSHIP and back issues Toronto features in the TAUT columns pretty much every month, with LRT A Membership Secretary (Dept T06), 38 Wolseley enough ups and downs to fill the script of a gripping Hollywood blockbuster. Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK. Tel: +44 (0)117 951 7785 Vic Simons recently travelled to Canada’s largest city to update the story of [email protected] Website: www.lrta.info a complex political landscape that seems to swing between investment and austerity for CORPORATE Subscriptions VISIT every few years. Disputes over funding and responsiblity are common, as are arguments www.mainspring.co.uk over subway vs streetcar. Important new schemes are underway, but others are under LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE threat from a new administration which means they may not be as locked-in as they 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling DA16 2BY, UK. appear. Local experts Philip Webb and Steve Munro add valuable context as we look to Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319 what the future may hold for transit in one of the world’s great metropolises. in and Wales. These issues are not unique to Canada however. In our annual review of the UK LRTA Chairman – Paul Rowen Light Rail Conference, we see a number of viewpoints on urban rail development and [email protected] political support. Israel, as one example, has really put itself behind light rail. Under the © LRTA 2018 moniker “Get on board with success”, investment is flowing into new schemes and the Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also expansion of the phenomenally successful Jerusalem LRT project. later be used on our websites or other media. A contribution As relative newcomers to the mode, the way in which Israel has embraced light rail is accepted on the basis that its author is responsible for the is astonishing. Politicians and riders alike see the benefits and money is being made opinions expressed in it, and such opinions are not those of available to create true 21st Century cities around light rail ‘spines’. Although the the LRTA or Mainspring. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in representatives who came to Manchester from Jerusalem told me they were there to any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including learn from a more mature European industry, I think we all learnt a lot by return. photocopying, recording or by any information storage and Meanwhile, just before this issue went to press, US law-makers agreed to enact new retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from rules designed to prevent Federal Transit Administration funds being used to buy the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the contents of the vehicles from ‘non-market economy countries’ – something widely accepted as meaning magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. China. It is of course too early to predict what the full effects of such protectionism may look like in real terms, but it is one more sign that the globalisation we have taken for Cover images: Steve Munro, Neil Pulling, Mike granted is not without its critics, or resistance. Simon Johnston, Editor Russell and Martin Schiefelbusch

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org SEPTEMBER 2018 / 323 News LuxTram extends... and tram-train by 2035? Luxembourg capital launches wire-free section, with fast LRT links planned for the country’s second city

n 11 July, Luxembourg’s Minister for Infrastructure and OSustainable Development, François Bausch presented a project to develop a 20km (12.5-mile) light rail link along the A4 corridor between the Grand-Duchy’s second city, Crowds line the new extension to welcome the second phase of the Luxembourg tramway on 27 July. R. Birgen Esch-Alzette, and its eponymous capital Luxembourg. Esch-Alzette densely-populated part of the then integrated into the list of based charging similar to the (37 000 inhabitants) is home country poses a number of infrastructure projects submitted installation in Zaragoza, Spain. to the country’s sole university planning and construction every July to the parliament. Typically, topping up the and Arcelor-Mittal’s large Belval challenges. Technical details The final decision will have to be batteries takes around 20 seconds steelworks. have yet to be confirmed and it is made by the next government, and fully charged and with a full The proposal is derived from a undecided whether this will be a which will be responsible for passenger load, Luxtram’s Urbos study by consulting firm TTK in tram-train or an tram, launching the technical studies.” trams can run on energy storage 2017 that indicated that mobility although the Minister suggested Meanwhile, the second for more than 2km. demand along the corridor could speeds of up to 100km/h (62mph) section of Luxtram’s line Free rides are offered on the increase by 55% in the next 20 for the service and compatibility opened to the public on 27 July whole line until 16 September. years. If approved, Esch-Alzette with the exiting LuxTram between the previous Rout Construction of the third leg would get back some of the network. The new line will not Bréck-Pafendall terminus and from Stäreplaz to Gare Centrale – tramway service it lost in 1956 make use of any of the state Stäreplaz, with two intermediate which will also be wire free – is to through the closure of the railway CFL’s tracks. stops – Theater and Faïencerie. start in the coming months with regional Minettstram system. Mr Bausch concluded: The 2km (1.24-mile) extension is tenders for roadworks issued in Opening of the new line “The project will be presented operated using CAF’s ‘Greentech July. The tram is planned to reach is scheduled for 2035 as this to the municipalities involved, Freedrive’ system with ground- the city’s main station in 2020.

Tel Aviv releases tenders for next two LRT lines

Major tenders for the PPP 68km (42 miles) to the network for the next phase of the Greater and will require two depots, delivery of Tel Aviv’s Purple and within the next decade. Tel Aviv LRT masterplan. one for heavy engineering and Green lines were released by the The tenders call for partners to Home to over four million stabling and a second for light NTA Metropolitan Mass Transit cover design, construction, rolling residents – nearly half the maintenance. Around 120 System in July, adding around stock, finance and maintenance nation’s population – Tel Aviv is vehicles will be required to planning a further six LRT lines serve a predicted 65 million to add to the under-construction annual riders. Red line that is due to open in The 29km (18-mile) east-west late 2021. This 24km (15-mile) Purple line will connect Kiryat 34-stop line runs through Ono and Yehud to central Tel the heart of the city, with Aviv via Bar Ilan University, 12km (7.5 miles) and ten stops the Sheba Medical Center and underground. CRRC Changchun the Carmel open-air market. Railway is supplying 90 LRVs, A total of 45 stops will cater for which will run in coupled pairs a predicted 60m passengers per to carry up to 450 passengers. year using 100 low-floor vehicles The future north-south Green from another dedicated depot. line will connect Holon and Preliminary civil works for Rishon Lezion with the city the two lines are planned to centre, Tel Aviv University, the begin later in the year, with the industrial zone in west Herzliya successful bidder responsible and the Kiryat Atidim high-tech for trackwork and systems, zone. The 39km (24-mile) route electrification, signaling, rolling will feature 62 stations with a stock and depots. Operations A mock-up of one of the CRRC Changchun-supplied Red line cars, on display in 4.5km (2.8-mile) underground will be procured under a Tel Aviv in late 2017. NTA section (including four stations) separate contract.

324 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Nigeria opens first ‘light rail’ line Abuja metro welcomes passengers, although power supply issues force diesel haulage

buja is the federal aware that what we have today capital of Nigeria, a are coaches meant to provide planned city built skeletal services as we await the mainly in the 1980s, main set of the rolling stock for Aand replacing Lagos as the capital full operations.” in 1991. It is one of the world’s The former capital of Lagos fastest-growing cities, with has been building its own metro annual growth of 35% and a system for the past decade. current population in excess of Originally intended to use six million. former , A standard-gauge rail line this project has been taken over is planned to connect the by Chinese interests, with 15 former capital of Lagos, but so trains ordered from CRRC Dalian far has only reached Kaduna for the first phase. (186km/115 miles). This line was During a visit by French financed and built by China’s President Emmanuel Macron Chinese and Nigerian staff pose at the opening of the Abuja ‘Light Rail’. FCT EXIM bank and China Civil on 4 July, Alstom signed a and Engineering Construction 12 July by President Muhammadu maintain them for three years. letter of intent with the Lagos Company (CCEC). Buhari, linking the World Trade The first arrived in January 2018, Metropolitan Area Transport With such rapid growth, it is Centre in the city centre with but it is not clear how many have Authority to supply perhaps unsurprising that the Nnamdi Azikawe Airport as been delivered to date. electrification and substations authorities turned to the same the Yellow line. However, due The Blue line will enter trial for the 27km (16.8-mile) partners to provide a metro, to the present unreliability of service soon, bringing the system Blue line. The ambition is to known as Abuja Light Rail, with the nation’s electricity supply, to 44.7km (27.8 miles). The launch passenger service from work beginning in May 2007. services are hauled by diesel masterplan calls for an eventual Okokomaiko to Marina in 2022. It was originally intended that locomotives loaned by Nigeria 78km (48.5-mile) network. Lead contractor CECC has the mostly-elevated line would Railway Corporation providing President Buhari said: nearly completed civil works be operational as part of the city’s a temporary skeleton service. “Transportation is the live wire for the first 12km (7.5-mile), bid for the 2014 Commonwealth Passengers can travel free during of any city. I am optimistic that a five-station section. Games, but 11 years after works this period, which is likely to last modern rail service would bring With 22 million residents, began, the 27.3km (17-mile) until at least December. about a boost to the FCT [Federal Lagos faces crippling congestion 12-station first stage of the Abuja CRRC Dalian is supplying 16 Capital Territory] economy and and air quality issues. Ridership metro was opened on three-car metro trains and will greatly enhance social life. I am is estimated at 400 000/day.

US agrees one-year ban on Chinese rolling stock

On 1 August, the US Senate widely reported in US media or early October according to the construction of assembly agreed to a one-year prohibition that this is aimed at the People’s the non-profit Eno Center for facilities in the respective states. on new procurements of mass Republic of China. Transportation think-tank. What it may affect however transit rolling stock (light and Notably, the prohibition It would therefore not affect will be options to these orders heavy rail cars or buses) from leaves potential for Capital contracts such as the USD567m if they require federal funding non-domestic suppliers of Investment Grant money for order placed with CRRC MA for beyond the enactment of the “non-market economy future New Starts, Small Starts, new stock for the Orange and Red new Act; this includes a further countries” in FY 2019 if the or Core Capacity projects to go lines for the MBTA in Boston, 446 cars for the CTA. funding comes from any Federal ahead – although these schemes or the USD632m base order for The prohibition appears to Transit Administration formula. have been few and far between 400 7000-Series cars between have bi-partisan support as many The wording states companies in recent years. It also only CRRC Sifang and the Chicago Democrats have spent decades “owned, directed or subsidised” applies to contracts executed Transit Authority to replace the arguing that Buy America and although it does not specify after the enactment date of the oldest stock on its Orange and requirements should any country in particular, it is Act, likely to be late September Blue lines. Both contracts involve be strengthened.

West Midlands goes blue NEWS IN PICTURES The launch of the UK’s rebranded Test running on Lusail’s tramway West Midlands Travel saw the Dynamic testing for Qatar’s Lusail Tram project began first blueUrbos tram enter service in July, with trial runs of the first 33m five-section (battery-car 31) on 16 July; the St in the depot compound. The 33m-long Chads stop was the first to showcase LRVs can accommodate 207 passengers and will be the new colours and logos. equipped with Alstom’s APS ground-based power supply system. P.Parker/ CC BY 2.0 The first phase of the network is to open in 2020, operated by the RKH Qitarat joint venture of RATP Dev and Keolis (49%) and Qatari Hamad Group (51%). A ceremony to mark the first running of a Mitsubishi/Kinki Sharyo metro train to the Doha West

Qatar Rail Qatar stabling facility was also held on 12 July.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org september 2018 / 325 News Amsterdam Noord–Zuidlijn opens Positive early ridership for the delayed metro line 52 as the city reorganises its tram network

fter 15 years of Alstom with its Urbalis CBTC construction work system, also being installed on and numerous delays, existing lines by 2019. the EUR3.1m Noord– Trains currently run every six AStation Zuid metro line 52 was minutes at peaks, but the plan inaugurated by Mayor Femke is to reduce this to a five-minute Halsema and Alderman for when everything is Traffic and Transport Sharon bedded in. A fleet of 28 six-car Dijksma on 21 July, with free M5 metro trains have been rides for the rest of the day delivered to GVB by Alstom, for (60 000 took the opportunity); use on line 52 and to replace the normal service started from LHB stock used since 1977 on 22 July with 72 000 riders per lines 50, 53 and 54. day during the first week of The occasion was used to regular operation. reorganise the city’s tramway City transport operator GVB network, which is now as follows: anticipates ridership of over 1, Osdorp De Aker – Leidseplein – 120 000 weekday passengers on Muiderpoortstation; 2, Centraal the line by 2030. Station – Leidseplein – Nieuw A special guest was Norma Sloten; 3, Zoutkeetsgracht – De Alberg, who drove Amsterdam’s Pijp – Muiderpoortstation – first metro train in 1977, with Flevopark; 4, Centraal Station Princess Beatrix in the cab. – Station RAI; 5, Westergasfabriek Line 52 serves Centraal – Leidseplein – Station Zuid Centraal Station – Westermarkt in 1903. Lines 10 and 16 were Station, and new stations at – Stadshart; 7, Slotermeer – – Osdorp Dijkgraafplein; replaced by 11 and 19 on the same Noord, Noorderpark, Rokin, Leidseplein – Azartplein; 11, 19, Sloterdijk – Leidseplein – day, which have been revived. Vijzelgracht, De Pijp and Centraal Station – Leidseplein Diemen; 24, Centraal Station Prins Hendrikplantsoen was Europaplein. The line increases – Surinameplein; 12, Centraal – De Pijp – VU medisch centrum; cleared of all motor traffic from the metro network by 9.7km/ Station – Leidseplein – De Pijp 26, Centraal Station – Ijburg. 22 June, paving the way for the six miles (6km/3.7 miles – Amstelstation; 13, Centraal Special events were held to rebuilding of the area in front underground) and crosses under Station – Westermarkt – mark the retirement of tramline 9 of Centraal Station, including the IJ river in an immersed tube. Geuzenveld; 14, Centraal Station on 21 July, in use since 1884 as a renewing the tram tracks with The line has been equipped by – Waterlooplein – Flevopark; 17, horse tram service and electrified wider waiting platforms.

Next-generation Russian bogie trams on display

Russia’s Innoprom-2018 production line also featuring Uraltransmash’s current 71-409, a three-section 100% industrial exhibition, held in various lengths of articulated production features the 71-407 low-floor articulated car, but the city of Yekaterinburg from trams. Sales to Kaliningrad, bogie tram with a low-floor so far only sold to Nizhniy 9-12 July, featured two new tram Yevpatoria and Pyatigorsk are centre section, which has sold Novgorod and Yekaterinburg. designs from Uralvagonzavod said to be under negotiation. well to eight systems, and the The company made Holdings subsidiary international news a couple of Uraltransmash. The latter’s years ago with a mock-up of the factory is in the city, and builds R1 ‘Batmobile’ design, all-black rolling stock as well as military with futuristic angular styling, equipment. but which was considered The type 71-412 is a 36% too impractical to achieve low-floor bogie car, touted as production status. yet another replacement for Meanwhile, PK Transportnye the ubiquitous Tatra T3 (more Systemy of Tver has unveiled its than 2000 still in service), and 71-911M Lionet design, a direct incorporates Czech electrical competitor for the 71-415. This equipment from Pragoimex with is an updated version of the pedal control. The four-axle tram 71-911 CityStar design built for has 29 seats and a total capacity Tver and Rostock-na-Donu and of 178 passengers. It is hoped is also a 100% low-floor bogie to sell this tram for around tram, but with battery power to RUR25m (EUR340 000) per car. permit operation away from the Slightly longer is the 71-415, overhead wire. The prototype is still a four-axle tram but with a to be displayed at the InnoTrans 100% low-floor. There are 30 seats international rail exhibition and a capacity of 190 passengers. in Berlin and then go on The price is around RUR40m demonstration in the city of Perm. (EUR544 000). This tram is The Uraltransmash 71-415 prototype drew a great deal of interest at the A three-section car, christened intended to form the basis of a Yekaterinburg exhibition. I. Revenkov Lion, will follow shortly.

326 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org EC to probe Siemens Alstom rail merger Review into potential supply chain monopoly issues welcomed by UK regulator

lstom shareholders approved the company’s proposed transport merger with Siemens on 17 July. However, the European Commission has confirmed plans for an investigation into the effects of amalgamating two ofA Europe’s largest rail companies due to fears it could adversely affect competition. The move could “deprive European rail operators of a choice of suppliers and innovative products, and lead to higher prices”, the commission said. The UK’s rail regulatory body welcomed the investigation, with Office of Rail and Road Chief Executive Joanna Whittington saying the agency is “pressing for significant structural remedies to ensure competition in key railway supply chains is protected.” The ORR said that as Siemens and Alstom were the two main competitors for large-scale signalling works in the UK, with an around 75% market share, reduced competition could increase annual costs by tens of millions of pounds. The regulator is also concerned that the merger would reduce the number of potential bidders for rolling stock contracts and that arguments about the scale and significance of Chinese entry into the European market were “over-exaggerated, particularly in relation to Great Britain.” A decision from the European Commission is expected by November, so the merger will not be finalised until the first quarter of 2019 at the earliest.

On 1 August, the division became a legally separate entity, although remaining 100% owned by Siemens AG. It will become one of three ‘Strategic Companies’ under a wider restructing of the group from 1 October, alongside the Siemens Healthineers and Siemens Gamesa businesses, the latter of which Siemens holds a majority stake in.

NEWS IN PICTURES Caen’s first new tram unveiled The first of 23 AlstomCitadis XO5 low-floor trams for the new 16.8km (10.4-mile) tramline in the French city of Caen was unveiled at the Aytré (La Rochelle) factory on 10 July – it is due for delivery in October. The 33m tram is designed to cope with 8% gradients and is equipped with six double doors on each side for swift boarding and alighting times for up to 210 passengers. The interior features energy efficient LED lighting and USB charging points, while the exterior design includes large windows that cover 45% of the vehicle. Three different designs were created in 2016, with residents voting for their favourite, said Joël Bruneau, President of Caen: “We wanted the urban community’s inhabitants to adopt this new tram, vital in an urban environment.” The new tramway will replace the current Bombardier-supplied GLT rubber-tyred system, withdrawn at the end of 2017 to allow the network to be converted into a conventional steel-wheeled light rail system. Passenger service is scheduled for September 2019. Alstom

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org september 2018 / 327 UK Light Rail Conference

With its ‘Big Bang’ completed in 2017, Metrolink is still moving forward with projects to increase its range, capacity and resilience. Deansgate-Castlefield stop on 16 July 2018. All photography by Neil Pulling.

“IT’S ABOUT

Safety, automation, asset CUSTOMERS, management and the barriers to new schemes were just a few of the talking points in CUSTOMERS, Manchester this July. Howard Johnston and Tony Streeter report from the UK’s premier CUSTOMERS” congress and exhibition. eld over two gloriously sunny the opening of the city’s Second City Crossing days in July (18-19), this year’s and reviewing the first year of the KeolisAmey 13th Annual UK Light Rail Metrolink (KAM) concession. Conference at the University of Transport for ’s Manchester brought together (TfGM) Head of Metrolink Danny overH 250 delegates from across the industry for was the first to welcome delegates in a year a packed schedule of open and honest debate when patronage for the Greater Manchester about the future of the mode, held over 40 system exceeded 40 million for the first time, presentation and panel sessions. explaining how a number of initiatives have Metrolink is a success story in a country that increased resilience and stability. just 18 years ago promised up to 25 new LRT TfGM Head of Development Martin Lax systems within the decade. The reasons for the later described some of the studies the regional failure to achieve anywhere near this target transport agency is working on, including formed some of the liveliest debate. Metrolink extensions to all four axes of the compass. These will be crucial, he argued, in Safety and subways in Manchester supporting the planned growth in housing and The event began with a series of presentations employment across the region (the highest KAM's Aline Frantzen said it is her mission “to from the event’s host city, 18 months on from outside of London) as well as expansion of the extract the love from Mancunians for their tramway.”

328 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org city’s airport and the arrival of the high-speed phase one. Mr Gilligan cited this significant rail project in the 2030s. All of these projects renewal, as well as changes in bus services, will be underpinned by more immediate work as reasons why Supertram ridership fell to to increase capacity at key pinch-points on around 11.5 million in 2014-15 from a high of the current system, enhance park-and-ride some 15 million a few years earlier. provision and depot expansion to cater for A subsequent uplift took the annual figure the larger fleet required – 27 additionalM5000 back to over 12.5 million in 2016-17. trams were ordered earlier in the month. Tram-train services are now expected to Looking further into the future, Mr Lax be launched in the second half of this year. revealed early investigations into an This keenly-awaited aspect of development underground metro to release capacity across in Sheffield is to serve Rotherham and was the city and initial work on tram-train further explored by Simon Coulthard, Senior to outlying centres. Nothing is beyond Sponsor for national infrastructure provider consideration as the region consolidates its Network Rail, who has seen the project integrated transport offering, he said. through from the beginning. Mr Coulthard An address from KAM Managing Director was joined by Dr Rob Carroll, Major Projects Aline Frantzen showcased the work of Manager of Stagecoach Supertram. the new operator/maintainer, taking the With infrastructure changes now complete, novel approach of comparing her previous recent activity has centred on securing the experience as Executive Director of Service necessary licences, gaining approvals, and Delivery of with her new job at ensuring the vehicles are fit for purpose. the helm of the UK’s largest tramway. Indeed, the day before the Conference began, Many of the challenges are similar, she the first daytime trials had taken place (see argued, with safety being “at the heart of every Worldwide Review). tramway.” The differences are the amount Glasgow’s 15-station circular Subway has of street-running in being a key been in business since 1896, and despite challenge, with safety issues on Metrolink well-worn stations and equipment still coming more from its interaction with the delivers 95% service punctuality thanks to its community. With major network expansion dedicated operations and maintenance teams. complete, KAM’s role over the past Charles Hoskins, Senior Director year, she explained, has been in of Strathclyde Partnership for refocusing Metrolink’s future Transport, says the current on four key pillars: safety, “Ask anyone involved in GBP300m (EUR335m) engineering excellence, asset management and overhaul will concentrate and fighting anti-social on better customer service, Gerald Knights from the MPT consortium behaviour and fare evasion. they will tell you that operational efficiency, at the 40-45-year mark presenting the innovations in the delivery of the new In both cities, securing replacement of life- Trafford Park Line… and works underway on 16 July. that vital place in the you require a strategic expired assets (including city’s consciousness where intervention…” the Subway’s 40-year-old people ‘love’ the tram trains with new Stadler is crucial; with a decade CHARLES HOSKINS vehicles) and reducing SENIOR DIRECTOR, SPT focused on construction, overall maintenance costs. she contended, it is now With its unique gauge her mission “to extract (1220mm/four foot) and the love from Mancunians tight tunnel bore (3.4m), for their tramway.” the Subway has many The morning session individual challenges: rounded out with an “Ask anyone involved in interactive presentation asset management and they from Gerald Knights, will tell you that at the 40- Project Engineer for the 45-year mark you require MPT consortium currently a strategic intervention… building the Trafford Park you can’t keep sticking line, that showcased the plasters on things.” innovation in Metrolink’s latest extension. A lot of attention has been dedicated to Using a number of impressive ‘fly-through’ station refurbishments, Mr Hoskins explained: videos, Mr Knights gave delegates a real “When you speak to some operators, it’s all flavour of the new line and how it will about trains or trams, it’s about signalling, transform the system when it opens in 2020. it’s about reliability. That’s the bedrock, but never forget about the overall environment Glasgow and South Yorkshire you’re investing in… it’s about customers, Insightful project updates are a key part of customers, customers.” the event and 2018 was no exception, with As the Subway becomes the first urban rail new routes costing around GBP1.5bn behind-the-scenes views of major schemes system in the UK to move to GoA4 unattended (EUR1.685bn) are in full operation. in the UK – and beyond – from the people train operation, three-minute interval Alejandro Moreno, Midland Metro Alliance delivering them. services will be possible, with state-of-the-art Director, is enthusiastic about the level of Describing a system across the Pennines in signalling and CCTV cameras masterminded co-operation between the five lead members Sheffield, South Yorkshire Passenger Transport from a new control centre. of the consortium that will build first into Executive’s Director of Ben Wolverhampton railway station in the north (to Gilligan explained that a tram timetable Moving the Midlands open in 2020) and Edgbaston in the south of the change in January had been undertaken Winning the bid to host the 2022 city. The system will then extend outwards to “to improve punctuality and reliability”. Commonwealth Games is just the trigger Brierley Hill, and eventually to the Birmingham It has also led to increased journey times. required to accelerate the expansion of Business Park and the new HS2 station. The Supertram network is now undergoing the West Midlands Metro in the UK’s Mr Moreno is proud that 78% of the the second phase of rail replacement, second-largest population centre, although contracts have been awarded to local following the 12km (7.5 miles) replaced in it will be another decade before the five suppliers, and stressed the importance of

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org september 2018 / 329 UK Light Rail Conference

functioning unit that can produce a steady flow of relevant and timely input.” To get it right, he told delegates, you must have well-motivated project management, a good legal team, environmental assessment, design and engineering, communications, land referencing, planning support, and sound financial and economic advice. And that’s just the beginning.

Thinking globally It is startling that almost four times as many people – almost four billion – are now living in cities than in 1950, TC Chew – Global Rail Leader of Arup – told the conference. This figure could climb to seven billion by 2050. Given the gestation period of urban transit schemes, Mr Chew questioned whether we are prepared for seven out every ten of the worldʼs population to be urbanised by the middle of Mott MacDonald’s Richard Briggs led a lively panel debate on promoting new LRT schemes on the first day. the century, as well as one in five being over 60 years old (twice today’s figure). training new engineering talent to fill the well as a focus on journey time savings as He highlighted how climate change many jobs the project has created – and opposed to integration in measured benefits. is forcing us to speed up change, with will continue to create. Other challenges include quantifying a reassuringly serious focus on tackling The large and congested UK city of regeneration within business cases, securing emissions at last – evidenced by a determined Coventry has raised GBP12.2m (EUR13.7m) cross-party political support and stakeholder push to reduce our dependence on traditional towards its Very Light Rail network, but it still engagement. combustion-engined public transport. needs to raise another GBP42.8m (EUR48m), Reflecting that ideas of a South Wales Metro While people will expect to travel more, we which will be not easy, as Dr Nick Mallinson, have been in gestation for over ten years, all share a vision of smart communications, Programme Manager, WMG High Value Professor Mark Barry – the man who laid a lot better technology, and new methods of Manufacturing Catapult, explained. of the early groundwork for the plans – told transport using alternative fuels. A demonstrator version of a single delegates “these things do take time”. “Metros, LRT and trams are a key factor bi-directional low-floor car, seating 50 The Welsh capital Cardiff and its in improving quality of life”, he said, passengers and running on battery power, surrounding region are now to receive highlighting major initiatives in the Far could be ready in 2020; this vehicle is tram-train services as part of a wide-ranging East, notably in China, where over 3500km also planned for easy conversion to future transformation in local transport being (2175 miles) of urban rail is in place across autonomous running. overseen by Transport for Wales (TAUT 968). 19 cities (almost a quarter of it in Shanghai The UK Department for Transport, Professor Barry took the opportunity to alone). What is astonishing is the pace of Coventry City Council and vehicle leasing explain how similar benefits could be brought development, with the majority of China’s company Eversholt all support the project in to another South Wales city, Swansea, and metro and tramway development coming in principle and have provided kick-start finance its adjacent area. This could be achieved the past 20 years. Even in more distant and expertise. through tram-train, new stations Pacific locations such as the When the new HS2 rail line opens through and eventually extending lines. Philippines, and Borneo and the spine of England in the 2020s, its Swansea Bay, he explained, is Indonesia, light rail is a customers will be a new generation born into undercapitalised in terms of “Connecting boom industry. new technology who are multi-taskers, hyper- service provision – and he the locations where Affordable and clean aware and entrepreneurial. The opportunities argued that “poor service people are and where energy and climate for the East Midlands are staggering, says suppresses demand for they want to be isn’t action are among the 17 Andrew Pritchard – Director of Policy & rail services.” sustainable goals agreed Infrastructure for the local authorities served Professor Barry showed rocket science.” by the United Nations, by the second arm of the Y-shaped route. how ‘simply’ joining the PROFESSOR MARK BARRY so how can the light rail The next 12 months are critical for planners dots between currently industry play its part? he said, because connectivity is currently very under-served settlements Mott MacDonald’s poor, holding back job growth and reducing and future development Global Sustainability the quality of life. hotspots would help Leader Davide Stronati Potential mass transit links to the new hub to generate a business and Senior Engineer at Toton are already clearly defined, and we case for rail investment. Robert Park warned that can expect detailed examination of extensions “Connecting the locations in 2014, only 8% of the of the Nottingham Express Transit light rail where people are and where world’s population lived in systems westwards into Derby and possibly to they want to be isn’t rocket places that met air quality East Midlands Airport. science,” he expressed. guidelines. Aside from In his farewell the more well-publicised Where are the new schemes? presentation after 14 emissions, there is also the Mott MacDonald’s Deputy Practice Leader years as a key figure in key issue of pollution from (Europe) for Light described the developing the West exhausts, asphalt, tyre and UK as being a “bit behind the curve” when Midlands Metro into brake wear. it comes to modern light rail. Richard Briggs Birmingham, Development Global governments pointed out that the country now has six Director Peter Adams gave a stimulating need to heed the warnings, because “car-based new-generation tramways, with only Blackpool insight into some of his challenges and land use planning can contribute to social surviving from the previous era, while France successes in a lecture focused on promoter isolation and poverty”. However, Nottingham, has some 27; in Germany, which retained many ‘dos and don’ts’. Toronto, Manchester, Jerusalem, Bergen and first-generation systems, there are over 50. A conference stalwart, Mr Adams said: Zaragoza were all highlighted as exemplars of Barriers to adoption in the UK described “The promotion of successful schemes how light rail can not only clean the air, but by Briggs included the high capital costs requires individuals and teams representing stimulate regeneration and – the story is the of dealing with such things as utilities, as a variety of disciplines to operate as a single same one – boost economic growth.

330 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Moving back to Europe, Sweden’s capital has a population of 2.3 million (one million in the city itself) – and yet light rail services on two lines are provided by an organisation that is partly owned by the national tramway association and its members. Perhaps appropriately, Spårvägar’s tagline includes the words “vision and tradition”. Some nine million passengers are carried per year on lines 7 (3.4km/2.1 miles) and 21 (nearly 10km/six miles) which respectively cover the city and the island of Lidingö. A separate contract covers the 7N museum line. Stockholms Spårvägar CEO Magnus Braxell explained how the current contract for lines 7 and 21 runs until 2021, not including an option of a four-year extension. His company has some 250 employees (170 in terms of the full-time equivalent) and operations include two workshops as well as Alistair Gordon, Chief Executive Officer of Keolis UK, welcomed guests to a drinks reception hosted by Keolis the tramlines themselves. UK on the evening of the event’s first day. Line 7 (which the organisation has run since 2010) currently operates between Sergels operator Connect – outlined the future for The next big project is extending the Red Torg and Djurgården, while line 21 (operated one of the world’s great LRT success stories. line and the creation of an all-new Green since 2015) runs from Ropston to Gåshaga. The city’s 14km (8.7-mile) Red line opened line, which will create five operational However, a short extension of line 7 to a new in 2011 and has already far outstripped its routes, linking in the city’s “very difficult to city hub is expected to open in September, ridership expectations, carrying 42.5 million reach” hospital and other major passenger while it is anticipated that a project to connect passengers in 2017, at peaks of 160 000 generators. Five further lines and a cable car the two lines will be restarted next year. passengers per day. “Everybody rides the are planned. Stockholms Spårvägar is looking to expand LRT and we’re nearing capacity,” Mr Levy Although the nation’s legal and contractual beyond its home country, seeking to compete said. Offering a personal insight into the structures may be immature compared to against the multi-national operating groups operations, he added: “The Red line connects other nations with light rail aspirations, Mr for future contracts across Scandinavia. parts of the city that were previously isolated, Levy expressed the opinion that operational In another fascinating presentation, Reuven that facilitates the possibility for the seeds of agreements for future projects should be Levy – General Counsel for Jerusalem LRT peace to take hold.” introduced once major municipal and

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statutory issues are clarified to give more detail much of what was intended under the shelved stressed the importance of searching for and of how the lines will operate: “Let the operator Metro North plan. Carrying perhaps 50m-plus prioritising what he described as “weak signals” deal with the core of the operations.” passengers per year, the largely underground such as near misses, or customer complaints. Describing other projects in Tel Aviv and MetroLink could open in 2027. He pointed out too that technological Haifa, the backing for LRT in the country Why aren’t enough cities thinking more development meant that the ‘As Low As comes from the highest levels, he concluded: creatively with their tramways and light rail Reasonably Practical’ approach to risk changes “The Government has made a strategic systems? Jöel Danard, Research and Business over time as new methods become available. decision that light rail is the future of Israel, Development Officer of Efficacity, highlighted One significant move in the management under the slogan “Get on board with success”. how lines underused in the off-peak and of tramway guidance and safety following The introduction of tram services on overnight could be used for goods (and the tragic London derailment the new link between Dublin’s Red waste) using repurposed vehicles. at Sandilands of November 2016 that saw and Green lines through the city The costs of conversion of a seven deaths is the planned installation of centre in December 2017 tram that may otherwise a Light Rail Transit Safety and Standards was incredibly challenging, “The Government face the scrap pile run to Board (LRTSSB). This is intended to said Peter Lunden-Welden, has made a strategic just a few thousand Euros, effectively mirror the existing Rail Safety and CEO of operator Transdev. decision that light rail he explained, and they Standards Board, although while the latter is He outlined how is the future of Israel, have proven themselves mandated, the light rail version is expected politicians insisted on an under the slogan “Get in cities across Europe. to be driven by industry co-operation. Its opening date that proved Zurich and St Etienne have creation reflects the identification by the Rail unrealistic as not enough on board with success”. completed successful trials Accident Investigation Branch in response to new (longer) trams had REUVEN LEVY and Dresden’s famous Sandilands of the importance of a permanent been commissioned, 13 GENERALCOUNSEL, CarGo tram has been authoritative organisation for UK tramways. extensions to platforms and CONNECT JLRT brought out of hibernation UKTram Chairman Geoff Inskip followed the new depot were barely to carry parts for the new Mr Prosser with a report on progress. completed and there was a e-Golf motor car. The LRTSSB already exists in shadow form, breakdown in front of the Taking his example having been set up with an initially intended world’s press. To cap it all, a further, spare capacity can lifespan of between six months and a year; freak winter gale blew off the be used for leisure services proposals for funding the full body have roof of the control room! such as the popular been submitted to the UK Government and However, Luas ridership restaurant and café trams it is hoped that these will be successful by is 9% up year-on-year, with seen on some networks. September. The LRTSSB’s interim CEO, Peter the likelihood that the total As well as creating revenue Cushing, was announced at the Conference. may reach 40m in 2018; streams, such services He is known to many delegates through his the 30m figure was reached help to boost the profile former role as TfGM’s Metrolink Director. in 2013. The Cross-City line of the city – all it takes is To end this session, a further perspective on could add up to ten million imagination, he explained. safety was given by Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen passengers per annum. (SSB) Operations Director Reinhold Schröter. Thanks to a combined effort, the line is up Safety and regulation Although the German system encompasses and running well thanks to the partnership In a key address that opened the second day, 130km (81 miles) of double-track, it has now approach between Dublin Bus, Irish Rail, Ian Prosser declared himself a “keen and reached the point of having only 7.8km (4.8 Dublin City Council and local authorities. powerful supporter” of light rail. miles) of street running. This has dramatically While all respect the boundaries of the contract, The Office of Rail and Road Director of increased safety by removing interfaces with the CEO added that they are also using Railway Safety and HM Chief Inspector of other road users as far as possible. common sense to find workable solutions. Railways said his vision for the railway is “zero Schröter gave further examples of safety Against a background of anticipated growth, industry-caused fatalities and ever-decreasing responses to accidents on the SSB, including Senan Moynihan from Transport Infrastructure risk to passengers, the workforce and the how an in-tunnel collision in 1970 led the Ireland (formerly the Railway Procurement public.” Re-emphasising the importance of Stuttgart system to introduce automatic train Agency) updated delegates on expansion plans corporate culture, he described people as “very protection, initially for tunnelled sections. in the Irish capital. These include extending often the last line of defence” in the quest for He also explained the evolution of Germany’s the Alstom Citadis 402 vehicles to become 502s safe and efficient operations. respected BoStrab tramway regulations, from by adding extra sections, plus corresponding In a talk that covered the wider aspects of their first iteration in 1937 to the platform extensions (the latter being LRT safety, Mr Prosser said he wanted the all-encompassing best practice guidelines that completed at 11 stops last year). sector to adopt the ORR’s Risk Management we know today that have been adpated for More ambitious is ‘MetroLink’, the name Model known as ‘RM3’ that is already used use across Europe. Echoing earlier statements, given to a new north-south ‘spine’ connecting on the main line railway and by Transport flexibility in their application is key, he stated. Swords and Sandyford and incorporating for London. In addition, the Chief Inspector Talking technical Recent tram and LRV orders show a diverse rolling stock market, explained Steffen Plogstert of consultancy Ramboll, both in terms of suppliers and the solutions chosen – with a seeming renaissance in the popularity of bogie vehicles. Despite the development of wire-free systems, Mr Plogstert argued that OLE-based systems will remain pre-eminent in the foreseeable future, with catenary-free systems reserved as a solution for sensitive urban environments. Arguing that light rail is often an imitator rather than an innovator and that the automotive sector is a driving force, he added that the move to unattended tram operation is an ambitious goal. This view contrasted with that of Mathieu The event’s co-located exhibition gave delegates a chance to get ‘hands-on’ experience with some of the Melenchon, System Engineering Manager industry’s leading suppliers and service providers. of SYSTRA, who offered a series of potential

332 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org benefits that could be expected from a move and infrastructure of the Tours tramway in to autonomous tram operation. These include France, which has passenger figures of 36.1m/ improvements in safety; operational and year. That number is some 50% higher than energy savings; and service improvements in that for the previous bus service. terms of frequency and capacity, journey time, Examples include building 6m-high regularity and flexibility. columns to mark stop locations, as well using Mr Melenchon posed the question of materials for handrails and seats that promote whether a mixture of advancements in the a sense of cleanliness. Other choices include automotive industry with metro technology using a female voice – research having shown could become the drivers towards realising this to be reassuring – for general passenger autonomous trams. However, challenges of announcements, and a male voice in the case doing so include certification; modification of of emergency situations. Innovative use of legislation; and defining accountability in the lighting is more efficient while also creating event of incidents. Complete autonomy could more welcoming environments, she suggested. be achieved by 2030 for new systems, Managing a tramway as large as that seen in he suggested, although infrastructure Melbourne, Australia, with 31 500 scheduled upgrades might take longer. weekly services over 26 lines on 240km (150 The example of a sprinter versus a marathon miles) of track, a fleet of 474 trams of mixed runner was used to explain battery capacity, by heritage and 2100 employees is not an easy WMG’s Principal Engineer for Energy Storage task, said Stephen Luke, LRT Practice Leader of and Management. Andrew McGordon reported Mott MacDonald. that there is presently a trade-off due to the Integrating with the still dominant motor absence of high-power, high-density traction Harvey Markour from SYSTRA explaining some car remains a challenge, and 17% of all tram batteries; that gap is currently filled through of the best practice initiatives his organisation has journey times is spent standing at signals. the use of technology such as supercapacitors derived for light rail asset management. There is good news; careful analysis of the key in Onboard Energy Storage Systems (OESS). integration issues is being heeded and applied. Mr McGordon considered requirements for In Edmonton, Canada, added Mr Luke, the OESS such as safety, total cost of ownership, fully-segregated and signalled light rail system modularity (in order to take advantage “You cannot avoid it. is in many ways managed like a heavy rail of battery improvements over time) and It will become a commuter line, with great success. Pedestrian packaging (low mass and volume). While massive problem if you’re behaviour in North America influenced the advances in battery chemistry are helping not in a position to manage decision to open the system in 1978 with high- meet these aims, the ‘perfect’ traction battery the flow of data in and floor trams, with the burden of higher running is still some way away, he concluded. and maintenance costs. Now, a new 27km Digital “isn’t the answer to all your prayers”, out of your systems and (16.8-mile), 29-stop extension will be low-floor Adam Collins warned while exploring the translate that data into despite its operational incompatibility. challenges of a 21st Century depot. However, useful actions.” the SNC-Lavalin Atkins Team Leader for The Annual UK Light Rail Conference is organised ADAM COLLINS Digital Services cautioned that it is neither DIGITAL SERVICE TEAM by Mainspring – www.mainspring.co.uk possible nor desirable to avoid ‘tech’. LEADER, He emphasised the importance of people in SNC-LAVALIN ATKINS the process, and suggested that change can find out more be treated as a programme over time, with requirements and new mobility solutions. complexity resolved in chunks. He lined this up against the challenges of T he 13th Annual UK Light Rail Conference Dispelling a few myths, one of the key degradation of assets, and of budgets. was supported by the UK Department for statements in a fact-filled 25 minutes was the Mr Markour presented the case for ensuring Transport, Transport for Greater Manchester, need to address data capacity: “You cannot optimisation of Return on Investment when it UKTram, KeolisAmey Metrolink, Keolis UK, MPT, Mott MacDonald, Midland Metro Alliance, avoid it. It will become a massive problem if comes to data-driven capital planning – with SYSTRA, SNC-Lavalin Atkins, voestalpine, you’re not in a position to manage the flow of a focus on critical assets – and explained that GAI-Tronics and Tramways & Urban Transit. data in and out of your systems and translate existing/available data should be valued and Although this conference review offers a that data into useful actions.” assessed thoughtfully before more is collected. flavour of some of the debates at this year’s Harvey Markour, also from engineering and “Sensory design creates intuitivity” was event, more detailed explorations of presentation technical consultancy SYSTRA, which now one of the messages from Elisabeth Dalby of topics on issues such as asset management, has 400 people working in the UK, described industrial design agency RCP Design Global. street-running safety, Very Light Rail, automation and digitisation, and climate resilience will be the three-fold ‘asset performance challenge’ She shared lessons of how careful use of design featured in future issues of TAUT. of transport demand, growing quality has been incorporated into both the vehicles

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www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org september 2018 / 333 Keeping Toronto on the move

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Rosehill Rail - TAUT Half page Ad_185x130mm_SEPT2018.indd 1 24/07/2018 14:57 TTC Flexity 4409 westbound on near Simcoe Street in June 2018. As part of the transit priority pilot now underway, portions of the curb lanes have been converted for pedestrian use. S. Munro On the move in Toronto Despite earlier and ongoing disputes and uncertainty, light and heavy rail expansion seems likely to continue in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. Vic Simons, Philip Webb and Steve Munro report.

ocated on the north-western trains and buses between Union Station in In the last four years the TTC has also shore of Lake , Toronto Toronto and neighbouring suburbs and towns. brought 647 new buses into service, mostly is Canada’s largest city and the as replacements for old vehicles, many of capital of the Province of Ontario. Politics in transit which are being retired due to hybrid system It is also a major international Transit policy in the GTHA is highly political reliability issues. This has reduced the TTC’s financialL and academic centre and is regularly and subject to the ‘ins and outs’ of provincial bus replacement cycle from 18 to 12 years. cited as one of the world’s most liveable cities. and municipal governments. Fewer than 100 are net additions to the fleet. The wider Greater Toronto and Hamilton For many decades there has been tension Area (GTHA) includes the city of Hamilton, between the auto-oriented suburbs – including Streetcar and LRT 65km (40 miles) to the west, and all the the outer areas of Toronto – and the much Toronto’s streetcar network is the largest in surrounding cities adjoining Toronto. denser downtown core, having an impact on North America and consists of nine all-day The GTHA has a current population of project priorities. This affects debate at City routes supplemented by two peak hour-only around 6.9 million, but this is projected to Hall and also relations with the Province. services – (weekdays only) reach almost ten million in the next 25 years. Transit in the city enjoyed a boost under and 503 (peak only). The Transit in the GTHA is owned and Mayor David Miller (2003-10), but suffered an routes on Bathurst (511) and Spadina (510) managed by a number of agencies. The best- eclipse under his infamous successor run north to south whilst the remaining known is the Toronto Transit Commission (2010-14). Investment and focus have seen a seven – , , , (TTC), founded in 1921, which runs all transit modest revival under Mayor since , , 512 St Clair in the city and currently carries 1.8 million 2014, to the degree that it can be handled and – run predominantly west- passengers per day across its modes. without significant effect on property taxes. east parallel with the lakeshore. In October 2013, TAUT reported that Provincial support was cut under Premiers The latest to be introduced, in 2016, is 514 despite a near 70% increase in population in and Ernie Eves (1995-2003) (Cherry) that runs from the Distillery Loop the last 40 years, public transport provision and only partially restored under Dalton at the south of Cherry to had not kept pace. Streetcar ridership alone McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne (2003-18). at the south end of Dufferin. The majority is has increased significantly in the last decade, This is now likely to be slashed again under along King Street and supplements the 504 although the size of the city’s fleet remained ’s new government, which won a service. All Toronto’s streetcar routes offer almost unchanged for nearly 30 years leading majority of seats with 41% in June’s election. interchange with the subway. to any capacity in the system being exhausted (Doug is the brother of former Toronto Mayor projects adopt the standard many years ago. This is now seeing a reversal Rob Ford, who died in March 2016) 1435mm whereas the TTC as new larger streetcars replace older vehicles. Mayor Tory will likely be opposed by uses 1495mm; a legacy of 19th Century City and TTC planners have seen a strong former City Chief Planner Jennifer Keesmaat development that would make it impossibly demonstration of this latent demand because in October’s municipal election, which has expensive and disruptive to relay the city’s on King Street there is not only a transit been thrown into disarray by Premier Ford’s 83km (51 miles) of streetcar tracks. priority pilot, but also an increase in capacity decision that city wards will be reduced from Within the city two new LRT lines are as new cars replace existing ones on a 1:1 basis. 47 to 25 by provincial legislation in August. under development by Metrolinx. The biggest The TTC now reports that all-day demand on Yet in a significant development, the 8.6km is the 19km (11.9-mile) Eglinton Crosstown, King has risen from 72 000 to 81 000 (13%) (5.3-mile) northern extension of subway with 10km (6.25 miles) underground, with a bigger shift during the peaks. line 1 to Vaughan, with six new stations and running from the under-construction Mount Hamilton has its own transit system and opening in December 2017, took the subway Dennis terminal in the western district of commuter rail in the GTHA is managed by beyond the city’s boundary for the first time York to the (current) Bloor Danforth terminus Metrolinx, a provincial agency which runs as the first network expansion in 15 years. at Kennedy and Eglinton.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org september 2018 / 335 Toronto and the GTHA

This CAD9.1bn (EUR6bn) scheme is being by the City Council in May 2018 although no In May 2018 Metrolinx awarded a managed by Metrolinx and delivered by funding has been committed at this stage. CAD2.5bn (EUR1.63bn) design, build and Crosslinx Transit Solutions, a consortium of In addition to interchange with subway maintain contract to Mosaic Transit Group ACS-Dragados, AECON, EllisDon and line 2 at the eastern terminus, there will (ACS Infrastructure Canada, AECON, and SNC-Lavalin that is responsible for also be connections with line 1 at Cedarvale CRH Canada Group) which will run for 30 the finance, design, construction and (currently known as Eglinton West) and years from substantial completion. Works are maintenance of the 25 stations and stops, (at ) and to begin this year for completion by 2023. the tracks and signals and the maintenance connections to GO Transit at both ends. and storage facility at the western end of The original plan was to use Bombardier Beyond Toronto the route. Once completed in 2021 it will be LRVs to include cabs at both ends and doors on Metrolinx President and CEO Phil Verster operated by the TTC with full integration each side, built for standard-gauge operation explained to TAUT that for every CAD1bn within the city’s transit system. using current collection at 750v (EUR650m) invested in light rail, two-and-a- Fifteen of the stops will be underground, dc. Metrolinx flirted with the idea of buying half times this amount is realised in benefits, beginning just after and LRVs, but in the end including air pollution and congestion using double-ended light LRVs operating on decided to keep the contract with Bombardier. reduction, adding that he is trying to create 1435mm-gauge tracks. The new route will The second project is the 11km (6.9-mile) environments where people will not use their rejoin the surface east of Laird where it will 18-stop Finch West line to Humber College. cars to drive to stations. Instead he is seeking run on a reserved median along the centre The westbound alignment will run from to encourage the use of buses or ride-sharing of Eglinton to the Kennedy terminus. Grade an underground connection at Finch West services such as Uber or Lyft for the first- and separation will also be used at the eastern end subway station, along the centre of Finch last-mile journeys. While there will be 100 000 of the route at and Science Avenue with an underground southern spur parking spaces across the network, this will Centre station at . There are plans to to the college terminus, and includes a new not be sufficient to cater for all demands. extend east to Malvern, approved in principle depot near the Norfinch/Oakdale intersection. Two further light rail systems are being developed within the GTHA by Metrolinx. Both are currently at the preparatory stage. The Hurontario scheme to the west of Toronto is a 20km (12.5-mile) route through to the lakefront at Port Credit. The alignment will run on, or parallel with, Hurontario Street with at least one connection to GO Transit. Infrastructure Ontario (IO) and Metrolinx have issued a Request for Proposals for a 2018 start. If construction goes to plan then opening of the 22-station route is slated for 2022. The second LRT project is for the city of Hamilton. In April Metrolinx and IO issued a Request for Proposals to the pre-qualified bidders to design, build, operate, finance and maintain a 14km (8.8-mile) route on Main Street, King Street and Queenston Road with 17 stops and a connection to the newly- expanded GO network in central Hamilton. The successful bidder will need to provide vehicles for the CAD1bn (EUR656m) project and the design allows for 60m platforms. TTC Flexity Outlook 4469 at at the end of the St Clair line (512). Images by Vic Simons unless stated. Revenue service is planned for 2024.

Courtesy of TTC

336 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org To reduce the impact of suicide attempts and track-level fires from blown debris, the TTC is studying subway-wide installation of . The results of this study are expected in 2020, outlining the anticipated cost, logistics and timelines of what would be a complex project. Stations on the recent Vaughan extension have been built with easy retrofitment in mind. A fleet of 480Toronto Rocket units, delivered by Bombardier from 2011, are used on lines 1 (six-car sets) and 4 (four-car configuration) Car 4462 at the south end of Dufferin on a 514 service and are capable of running under Automatic An airport-bound DMU. to Cherry. Note the safety livery reminding pedestrians Train Control (ATC) – which is being Delivered by Sumitomo in 2014, these units have been that the city’s LRVs cannot stop as quickly as a motor car. installed on line 1. A further 370 T1 cars from designed for easy retrofitment for electric operation. the 1990s serve line 2 and will need to be Some 61 Alstom Citadis Spirit low-floor LRVs replaced before that line can be converted to Commuter rail and bus have been ordered by Metrolinx for Hurontario ATC operation, sometime in the mid-2020s. GO Transit, a division of Metrolinx, operates (44) and Finch West (17). These four-section Line 3, known as the Scarborough RT, is commuter rail and bus services throughout 48m cars are 2.65m wide with a maximum a six-station automatic light metro. With the GTHA. A range of other local operators speed of 105km/h (65mph), powered at 750V infrastructure and vehicles approaching also run bus services throughout the region. dc from overhead lines. Each has a capacity life-expiry, controversy has raged about Apart from the two Lakeshore services, for 216 passengers, 120 seated. its future. The original plan called for LRT East and West, and some off-peak services replacement, but in 2013 this morphed into to Barrie, Kitchener and Stouffville, all rail Going underground an extension of line 2 of the subway, with services are currently peak-hour only. Verster Toronto’s metro (subway) covers just over the TTC committing CAD132m (EUR86m) explained that a transformation of Union 78km (49 miles), with three traditional lines to remedial works until the subway opened. Station would allow many more trains to pass as well as a light metro that opened in 1985. A further CAD123m (EUR80.7m) has been through each day. These works include better The recently-extended line 1 runs south from quoted for demolition and removal of the access and signalling and wider platforms. at Yonge Street to Union Station structures once the RT is replaced by line 2. Off-peak service is provided by buses, some where it turns north-west to run underneath In 2017 Bombardier was awarded a of which are UK-built double-deckers; GO University Avenue to . It continues CAD6.8m (EUR4.4m) contract to remedy Transit and other operators also provide bus north-west to the new section, which is all age-related corrosion to prolong the life of feeder links to commuter rail services. underground to Vaughan Metropolitan the S-Series rolling stock for another decade. The Union Pearson Express service, Centre. The new stations feature public These vehicles were built in the mid-1980s another Metrolinx operation, links Toronto art installations, spacious concourses and by the Urban Transportation Development International Airport with the city by means plentiful parking (although not at all stations). Corporation, the rolling stock division of of a 3km (1.9-mile) south-west spur from the Line 2 runs from Kipling in the west largely which was acquired by Bombardier in 1991. Kitchener line. This is currently operated underneath or parallel with Bloor Street and Residents in Richmond Hill, to the north by Sumitomo-built DMUs, but there are to its eastern terminus of the city, have often called for the Yonge aspirations to electrify the line and others – at Kennedy and Eglinton, where there is a subway to be extended to their community. notably the Lake Shore corridor – within the connection with line 3. Additional line 1 However, while outline plans exist this will next ten years and the trains are capable of interchange stations are found at Spadina, be impossible until pressure is relieved on the easy conversion. There are two intermediate St George and Yonge Street. line’s downtown sections. Detailed planning stations at Weston and Bloor, with an end-to- Line 4 is a five-station branch, opened in is underway for a new line from Queen to Pape end running time of 25 minutes. November 2002, which runs under Sheppard stations and then further to the Don Mills Despite non-integration of fares, this line Avenue from line 1 to a terminus at Don Mills. area in order to divert demand from Yonge. is now popular as the quickest route into the city for many commuters after a dramatic reduction in fares following lower than expected dedicated airport ridership. The surface entrance to Dundas West subway station is around 200m west of the

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org september 2018 / 337 Toronto and the GTHA

Bloor station, which serves GO commuter trains to Kitchener and the Airport Express. At present, there is no physical connection and passengers have to cross a busy road. Since the subway station was opened in 1966, there has always been the possibility of providing a second exit at the eastern end of the platforms which would connect directly with the GO station, but conflicts between the TTC, GO and an apartment block owner have stalled construction.

Hey… PRESTO At 66.4%, TTC farebox recovery is one of the Above left: Outside the new Depot, opened in November 2015. The new site has capacity for highest in North America (with a further 3.4% over 100 streetcars. Above right: Inside the main workshop. Both courtesy of TTC from advertising, rents etc) and Verster and the TTC have a shared vision of a fully integrated of their working lives to be replaced by 204 to ensure that the new 2019 end date is system across the GTHA with the PRESTO new Bombardier streetcars – albeit later than achieved. “Failure is not an option”, he said, card enabling seamless inter-modal travel. originally planned. preferring to see the contract completed as Farebox recovery for other GTHA The new five-sectionFlexity Outlooks are soon as possible to address the city’s urgent operations is considerably lower, although longer and taller than the existing vehicles capacity constrictions, with any detailed these agencies all carry far fewer riders and at 30.2m in length and 3m high, although conversations about compensation reserved have considerably smaller budgets. they remain 2.5m wide. They can carry 250 for a later debate. Each operator within the GTHA has its passengers at crush loading, with 70 seated and Bombardier’s Americas President appeared own fare structure: 11 of them, including the provision for wheelchairs, compared to 102 in front of the TTC board in July to publicly TTC and GO Transit, subscribe to PRESTO. for the CLRV and 155 for the ALRV. The new apologise for the delays and production issues This smartcard, which costs an initial CAD6 LRVs have four right-hand side doors and and pledged to keep to the new schedule to (EUR3.95) is used by tapping-in for local draw power at 600V dc by means of a trolley have all vehicles delivered by the end of 2019. services, with GO (which is based upon fare- pole, although all vehicles will be gradually This appears to be working, and as of June by-distance) using tap-in and tap-out unless converted to pantograph operation; this around 90 LRVs are in the city (although this riders are travelling on the commute which process is completed on routes 509 and 510, should have been in excess of 150). is registered as their default fare. The card with 512 planned for the autumn. To complicate matters further however, is also valid in and a mobile app is The new LRV programme has repeatedly around three-quarters of vehicles delivered under development. slipped, and these travails have been covered so far will have to be removed from service Its implementation has not been without extensively in TAUT. Without dissecting a few at a time for rectification of welding its problems, however. According to recent the complicated tale in full here, there is issues (see TAUT 968). “Bombardier has taken media reports, the full roll-out is expected to an ongoing dispute between the TTC and full responsibility for this issue and we have cost millions more than planned and will not Bombardier over manufacturing defects and worked together to facilitate a repair schedule be completed until late 2020. late deliveries which remains to be resolved. that will have minimal to no impact on Prolongation of CLRV/ALRV service life has customers. All vehicles will be repaired by Changing fleets been achieved through overhaul programmes the end of 2022,” Leary confirmed. Following the 1972 decision to continue that were previously unbudgeted. Bus In September 2017 the TTC issued a Request streetcar operations, a new fleet was built services replace streetcars on routes 502, 505, for Information to gauge the market for up to to replace the city’s PCCs. These venerable 506 (morning peaks only) and 511 due to 60 additional vehicles and the latest reports cars – 196 four-axle CLRV and 52 six-axle construction and lack of vehicles. Streetcars suggest that up to five companies could be ALRV vehicles – entered service between 1978 should return to Carlton in September, but will in the frame to deliver these. Options exist and 1985 and are now coming to the end have to wait longer to return to other routes. within Bombardier’s contract for additional When asked about the delays, TTC CEO vehicles, and it could be argued that – despite Rick Leary told TAUT that Bombardier is in its current issues – the firm has an advantage the process of setting up a new production with completed designs and tooling. line at its facility in Kingston, Ontario, While the existing Roncesvalles and Russell depots will house around half of the new fleet (60 and 40 streetcars respectively), these older facilities cannot accommodate the entire roster due to the size difference between the new Flexity Outlook cars and the CLRV/ALRVs. The majority will operate from a new facility located along Lakeshore Boulevard East that opened in November 2015. This six-acre (2.4ha) site, known as Leslie Barns, also has a 250m test track. Access is provided via an 800m connection along Leslie Street. Since 1921, all TTC streetcars have been maintained at the Hillcrest site on Bathurst north of Bloor, but this will no longer be needed once the CLRV and ALRV cars have been retired in 2019. Further storage will be needed, if the additional 60 cars are obtained, and the TTC is considering a new operating division at Hillcrest for St Clair, whose cars now come from Leslie, more than 11km (around seven miles) away.

Grateful thanks are extended to both the TTC and Metrolinx for their assistance in the TTC streetcars 40 years apart at the King/Queen intersection: CLRV 4115 and Bombardier 4418 on 27 May 2018. preparation of this article.

338 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org www.bombardier.com optimize rail fleetperformance facilitateand their daily commute. frombenefit our advanced operations maintenanceand practices that globe. Bombardier In addition, employees 1,000 ensure Torontonians that are improving mobility in major cities across and in Canada the take pride in manufacturing the safe, reliable innovative and vehicles There are also 1,700 Ontario-based Bombardier employees that million3 million in 1.5 and Ontario. in Canada Every day we move million 500 people worldwide, this includes WE MOVE CITIES EVERY DAY,

BOMBARDIERBombardier is a trademark is a trademark of Bombardier of Bombardier Inc. or Inc. its subsidiaries.or its subsidiaries. Funding LRT KÖLN: Private funding for public transport Tobias Brauer and Martin Schiefelbusch examine the approach taken in the creation of a light rail connection to Köln’s developing Butzweilerhof and ask if this could be replicated elsewhere.

The LRV advertising the Butzweilerhof initiative ith just over one million , about 30km (almost 19 miles) to the passes the former airport terminal. M. Schiefelbusch inhabitants, Köln south. These are operated jointly by KVB and () is Germany’s its Bonn equivalent, SWB Bus+Bahn. (the largest of which is North-Rhine fourth-largest city with Westphalia). While the basic approach has an urban area extending Traditional funding models been maintained, the states now have greater forW more than 405km² (155 square miles) Despite changes in detail, investment in local freedom in deciding the balance between over mainly flat terrain on both sides of the transport infrastructure in Germany has road and public transport projects and the Rhine river. The city is an important railway been based on a fairly stable framework since procedure for assessing and comparing hub and economic centre, with municipal the early 1970s. proposals. In North-Rhine Westphalia, three transport company Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe The Local Transport Financing Act regional bodies collect proposals from their (KVB) acting as the main public transport (Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz) respective areas and submit a consolidated provider, while S-Bahn and other regional established the principle of using part of the list to the state government. rail services connect the city with the wider gasoline tax revenues (collected at the federal region. All public transport operators level) for local road and public transport The limited role of private funding co-operate in the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg investments. This is still the most important While public entities are an important which takes care of the integrated fare system, source of funding – usually accounting for purchaser of goods and services from co-ordinated planning and marketing. more than half of any project costs – the the private sector, other forms of private KVB operates a fleet of 235 LRVs and 736 remainder being borne by the relevant local involvement in the provision of public services buses to serve 280.6 million passenger trips authorities and, in case of public transport, in Germany – especially public transport each year. Recently, the first bus route was the operator (also often owned by the local infrastructure – have traditionally been converted to electric vehicles. authorities). To qualify, projects have to show marginal. This is a key difference to countries As in many German agglomerations, a net public benefit using a standardised where either ‘privatisation’ (in the sense of traditional tramlines were converted to assessment procedure; the outcome of this is private risk-taking and financial participation) Stadtbahn standards under a process that began also an important criterion for prioritising and/or the collection of private funding in the 1960s. Today, the KVB network consists applications. For public transport, further through dedicated taxation or other formal of a mix of underground and surface routes eligibility criteria mean that the lion’s share arrangements are more well-established. and only a few sections of traditional street- of this funding traditionally went to S-Bahn, Germany has not been immune to global running remain; due to the investment of underground and urban LRT projects. developments challenging this division past decades, as well as some inherited routes A significant change came in 1996 when – of tasks, however. This was driven by having more interurban character, commercial together with other modifications in public two main factors: firstly, a critical view of speeds are relatively high. Some routes extend transport planning and funding mechanisms the efficiency and effectiveness of public beyond the city boundary, notably lines 16 – the majority (totalling EUR1.35bn per sector project management as part of the and 18 which run through to neighbouring year) was transferred to the federal states ‘neoliberal turn’ in the 1990s, and secondly

340 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org the growing numbers of projects and an increased demand for funding. As a result, : a federal law on a (partial) privatisation of KÖLN Private funding road infrastructure was adopted in 1994, and several PPP schemes have since started in this and other sectors. These projects can be referred to as ‘top down’ initiatives, for public transport largely driven by the federal government and large private companies. In spite of this high-ranking support, overall take-up of the concept has been low and the question of whether these schemes actually lead to better outcomes is still under discussion. In urban public transport, regulatory reform from the 1990s has led to greater possibilities for private involvement in service provision through the tendering of operations. This is now the standard for , but not for bus, tram and other local services where in-house provision is set to remain the dominant approach. Involvement of other private entities has been rare, but there are some experiences with ‘bottom up’ sponsorship of individual services, for example the branding of Stadtbahn route 66 in Bonn as ‘Telekom Express’ from Siegburg to Bad ABOVE: A Stadtbahn-B LRV at the Sparkasse Am Butzweilerhof terminus; the Sparkasse offices can be seen Honnef, and the support of retailer IKEA for in the background. M. Schiefelbusch feeder services to its stores. IKEA was also a key player in the Butzweilerhof project in Köln. THE PROJECT TIMELINE

The Butzweilerhof extension 1990s First proposals to serve the Butzweilerhof area by LRT. Butzweilerhof is located in the north-west of Oct 1998 Project listed in first priority category in the state public transport investment plan. Köln, around 8km (five miles) from the city Mar 2000 Project listed for realisation in the first implementation phase. centre and covers an area of circa 1.5km2. Before World War Two, the area contained the Dec 2002 Re-prioritising of proposals at state level leads to the project being downgraded, city’s first airport and some historic buildings with no clear timescale for implementation. remain. This was followed by military use 2003 Ownership of former military area transferred to SKI. in the central and eastern areas and mixed, largely commercial use in the surrounding 2005 Urban planning department examines route options to serve the north-west of the city. zones. Starting in the late 1960s, the area Local development plan agreed, showing a route through the area. Sparkasse KölnBonn moves offices to Butzweilerhof. became an important commercial location, Property owners and developers begin discussing private contributions. with film and TV production facilities. In 2005, local savings bank Sparkasse KölnBonn Jan 2008 KVB starts detailed route planning. moved its main offices to Butzweilerhof. Sep 2008 City council gives is unanimous approval to the project. The military presence was reduced in stages, and in 2005 the last part of the site Feb 2009 KVB starts formal planning approval procedure. was turned over to civilian use. An area of Mar 2009 IKEA opens. 500 000m2 was handed over to Standort Köln Jan 2010 Planning approval and operating licence granted. Immobilien GmbH (SKI) & Butzweilerhof KG, a real estate company owned by the Sparkasse Mar 2010 Construction begins. KölnBonn set up specifically to develop Dec 2010 Inauguration. the area. The most significant addition to “In urban public transport, regulatory reform from the 1990s has led to greater possibilities for private involvement in service provision.”

ABOVE: Between IKEA and Alter Flughafen stops, the tram passes between new ABOVE: This view of the former airport/military area shows the IKEA site in residential units and the old airport terminal building on the right. M. Schiefelbusch the background and the land still awaiting development. M. Schiefelbusch

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org september 2018 / 341 Funding LRT

Butzweilerhof has since been the opening quickly. Apart from a bridge over a freight Private contributions of Köln’s second IKEA store in 2009, railway at the start of the new 1.9km complemented by related shopping facilities (1.2-mile) alignment, the route – with three of EUR1m each under the ‘Homepark’ concept. About 100 new stops using island platforms – posed no single-family houses have been built near significant engineering challenges. the former airport as well as some apartment Initial cost estimates came to EUR26m, blocks, but much awaits redevelopment. reduced to EUR18m through the selection That said, the area as a whole is far from empty. of a more direct route across the former SKI Standort At present, about 15 000 jobs are located there, military zone and some changes in detail. Of IKEA Köln Immobilien distributed across 400 companies. The area is this figure, EUR5m was secured from private considered to have space for another 10 000 contributions, the remainder borne by KVB. jobs and a total of 1800 inhabitants. KVB bus routes served the area for many Private sector contributors years, connecting with the tram or Stadtbahn It is difficult to identify a clear starting date 7 real estate Sparkasse at nearby locations; only a small section of the project, but as shown in the table on companies of KölnBonn in the south-east was within walking the previous page, the key period for shaping Esch Group distance from the previous tram terminus in the unusual approach chosen was in the years Ossendorf. As employment in the area grew, between 2005 and 2008. Importantly, the enhanced public transport provision became debate among the private sector stakeholders 29 small and an increased priority in the 1990s. about their contribution and the formal and medium-size A Stadtbahn extension to Butzweilerhof had technical planning work undertaken by the enterprises been included in the state’s public transport city’s department of LRT and bridges (Amt für investment plan (ÖPNV-Bedarfsplan) in 1998, Brücken- und Stadtbahnbau) and KVB took but before any work could be undertaken, the place largely in parallel, contributing to a economic slowdown of the early 2000s and a reduced implementation time. change of government led to a re-assessment Convincing the businesses and developers grouping of businesses from the area which of all proposed projects. Not only was state to contribute to the construction took place had been founded in 2004. Its mission is funding reduced, but the city also decided without a formal framework or guideline, to enhance the image of the area and act to prioritise other LRT projects. In contrast, although IKEA had experience with smaller as ‘one voice’ for the zone’s companies, construction and commercial development initiatives at other sites. It was also not a also serving as a forum for discussion of in the area continued, leading the city and single decision, but rather a process that matters of common interest. Both functions landowners to explore alternative methods of unfolded over several stages until the were important: the forum promoted the funding, described in more detail below. necessary amount had been reached. idea to the public, as well as disseminating Once funding was agreed, detailed The first body to come forward with the the benefits of an LRT connection (better planning and construction proceeded idea was the Forum Am Butzweilerhof, a accessibility, reduced traffic congestion and rising land values) to potential sponsors. The SKI was a key player. As the largest single owner of undeveloped land, SKI’s interests were clear; in contrast to those already present in Butzweilerhof, its contribution would lead to a real financial return once more plots are sold. SKI realised that “project development does not stop where your land ends, you have to consider the surroundings as well”, explained manager Hartmut Raßfeld. Two other property owners stand out with their important contributions: the Sparkasse KölnBonn, as the second entity to participate, and IKEA, not only because of the size of its contribution but also in its policy in providing public transport access to all its stores, usually in peripheral locations. So far this had taken place through contributions to the operating costs of bus services and co-funding rail stations – Köln is the first city where an LRT service was supported. However, its choice of location was made independently from the Stadtbahn decision, and IKEA also paid a significant part of the road building works. The early decision of SKI in particular, alongside the two other two big sponsors, played a significant role in convincing a range of smaller landowners and businesses from Butzweilerhof, 39 in all, to contribute financially to the project. In the interviews undertaken by the authors, they gave both community-oriented reasons (like improving the area’s image and pride in participating in such an innovative project) as well as more tangible benefits (improved access for workers and customers The Butzweilerhof extension started from the former terminus near Rochusstraße in the south-east. and extra publicity). The latter was taken into Areas shown in pink, yellow and blue are development zones on the former airport and military site. The pink account by KVB in the naming of the new section is used for housing, while buildings in grey to the west and north are commercial and office buildings. stops and by allowing all-over advertising for Courtesy of T. Brauer Butzweilerhof on one LRV.

342 / september 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Public sector stakeholder roles With private sector involvement limited to financial contributions, KVB was responsible for detailed planning and implementation of the new line (choosing contractors, construction co-ordination, testing etc). This was a diversion from the usual arrangement between KVB and the city in which the former is only responsible for trackwork and rail-related equipment, with other civil engineering being the job of the city planning department. KVB also had to fund project costs not otherwise covered by the private sector; this EUR13m represented a higher share than normally covered by the operator. KVB accepted this as it considered Butzweilerhof a location with high potential that required a good service to contribute to the company’s overall income – even if KVB’s services on the whole are not profitable (as is normal for public transport). However, this greater role is also a consequence of the city’s decision to focus its resources on other schemes – both financially and in terms of planning resources. The city administration’s role in the extension was ABOVE: An LRV advertising the Butzweilerhof BELOW: Construction of the stub terminus therefore limited to those tasks KVB could not business initiative. Courtesy of T. Brauer Sparkasse Am Butzweilerhof. Courtesy of T. Brauer cover for reasons of expertise or its legal status. The city council’s political decision to support the project explicitly obliged the operator to secure the funding without the usual state and local grants. Nevertheless, due to KVB’s position as a city-owned company, most of these costs indirectly had to be borne by the city through higher general contributions. While KVB led the project overall, securing the envisaged private sector contributions was SKI’s responsibility. To facilitate this, SKI drafted a sample agreement that was then used between KVB and the individual contributors. It was clear from the start that the scheme would not follow the classic PPP model where the private partners are involved operationally and take some commercial risk. The contract was about the provision of grants only and gave the private sponsors no further influence on the project. This framework was used for all cases except for IKEA, where a more comprehensive themselves to the project at an early is growing in most German cities, requiring document also specified station naming and stage. Their contributions clearly motivated additional capacity. On the other, many other issues relevant for this particular case. other organisations to follow. cities and LRT operators are faced with the A positive economic climate – this became need to refurbish the infrastructure from the Transferable experiences? evident during 2009, when little progress 1960s-80s and under the current framework, The Butzweilerhof project is remarkable in was made as companies feared the impact of no state grants are available for mere renewals. two key ways: the mobilisation of private the financial crisis. Being creative in raising funds for such capital and the condensed planning and Public sector commitment – KVB in projects is therefore likely to stay on the implementation times – but could these particular believed in the project and was agenda, and as part of this it is legitimate to experiences be replicated elsewhere? ready to do more than usual and spend time approach those who benefit from good public Perhaps, although the solution found in on developing the new approach. transport as well. Köln benefited from certain specific factors. Good stakeholder communication and Their presence – or absence – in other a shared belief in the scheme’s importance locations will have a significant impact on were essential to speed up implementation. references the possibilities of replicating this approach: Many activities were undertaken in parallel Brauer, Tobias and Claus-C. Wiegandt:  A clear necessity for a different solution: and co-ordinated informally – only possible Stadtbahnanschluss für das Kölner Wirtschaftsareal faced with significant delays if the usual because of a common belief in the project. “Am Butzweilerhof”. Zur Governance einer funding approach had been pursued, those Almost ten years on, there are no signs of neuen Verkehrsanbindung in öffentlich-privater benefactors of the project became motivated other projects following the same approach Partnerschaft. In: STANDORT. Zeitschrift für to try something else. in Germany but the authors would argue that Angewandte Geographie pp. 69 - S.75, no. 2, June A critical mass of private sector this is not due to these ‘success factors’ being 2013, vol. 37. ( DOI 10.1007/s00548-013-0262-4) stakeholders with a clear benefit from the impossible to replicate. Rather, it seems that scheme who could bring together enough the ‘traditional way’ still works well enough – Brauer, Tobias: Erfolgreich privat finanzierte ÖPNV-Infrastruktur – Das Beispiel KVB resources to have an impact. especially in the current phase of prosperity. Stadtbahnlinie 5 in Köln. Köln: KSV-Verlag 2017,  More specifically, two of them (SKI and However, new challenges lie ahead: On ISBN 978-3-94-0685728 the Sparkasse KölnBonn) committed the one hand, demand for public transport

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Part of the multi-mode network serving systems Germany’s financial capital, a reinvigorated GERMANY tramway now factfile complements the newer Stadtbahn Frankfurt No. Frankfurt am that was once seen am Main 131Main, Germany as its replacement.

Bombardier rankfurt am Main in Holding group. In 2001 planning and million total for VGF’s rail operations, Flexity Classic Hessen state sits on both customer service were amongst the (Type S) 253 and a 2.56% increase over 2015. In March sides of the Main river, a functions transferred to an executive 265 cross under 2018 a new operational control centre navigable Rhine tributary. body, later styled as traffiQ. VGF the arch at came into use, located in converted The population is identifies 800 000 residents living Frankfurt’s central VGF premises in central Frankfurt. growing,F with the 622 776 residents within a traffic area which extends registry office on Horse tram operations began in of 1990 rising to 736 222 by 2017. beyond city boundaries. It is part of Bethmannstrasse, the city in 1872, with the first electric Expansion is partly through more Rhein Main Verkehrsverbund (RMV) 31 July 2017. services connecting Frankfurt with its intensive land use and a redeployment transport union and local services are south-eastern neighbour, Offenbach of industrial areas. Concentrated presented as RMV Frankfurt. Created am Main. This route broadly survives employment opportunities and a in 1995, RMV’s ticketing structure in today’s system. It now carries densely-populated hinterland lead to also encompasses tramways in nearby lines 15, 16 and 18 up to the city the public transport network handling Darmstadt and Mainz. boundary, as denoted in the terminus, high levels of local and regional There are around half a million Offenbach Grenze. commuter traffic. daily journeys on VGF’s three modes: Like other tram ventures, the line Transport operator Verkehrs tram, Stadtbahn (designated U-Bahn) became subject to a policy of civic Gesellschaft Frankfurt am Main (VGF) and buses, the latter including some incorporation that began in 1898, this was formed in 1996, part of city-owned franchised routes. During 2016, trams Words and pictures also leading to a standardised 1435mm Stadtwerke Frankfurt am Main carried just under a third of a 185 668 by Neil Pulling. gauge. Although amendments apply

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THE FLEET Successive vehicle types are designated by ascending letters. Düwag P type variants spanned the transition of tramway to U-Bahn. Withdrawal of Ptb cars from regular U-Bahn service came in 2016, but some in Pt form returned to line 15 in 2018, their access limitations covered by low-floor stock covering the shared route. Two three-section, bi-directional types constitute the normal service tram fleet. The elder are 27.6m Düwag-SiemensR from two batches between 1993 and 1997. The numbering 001-040 denoted the tramway’s renewal once the closure possibility had passed. They are fully low-floor with 170 places, 59 seated. With 010 and 017 broken for spares following accidents, the 38 upgraded R trams should remain in use until 2022. Replacement should follow from an order placed with Alstom for 43 three-section Citadis Frankfurt vehicles placed in June 2018. Early problems meant that options for a further 60 S type cars were not taken up. Breaking continuity with Siemens when its Combino was not chosen, Frankfurt worked with Bombardier to create the S type, based on the Flexity Classic used by fellow Hessen tramway, Kassel. At 31m lengths and with ABOVE: U-Bahn expansion reduced Bockenheimer Warte’s tramway convergence to a air-conditioning, it is 70% low-floor and has 179 places, 64 seated. single line. A former depot remains as an arts venue near this line 16 stop. Nos. 201-265 were built 2003-07 and 266-274 in 2013. The current turquoise livery came with VGF’s formation. U-Bahn stock designation is the same as used for line identities, albeit with no relationship between the stock type and the lines operated. There are two active types, Düwag-Siemens U4 (501-539) introduced in 1994 and Swift U5, 2008-17. These are in 25m (originally 601-696) and back-to-back 50m (801-930) long versions.

ABOVE: Düwag-Siemens Type-R 022 heading south from Frankfurt (M) Stresemannallee on the latest tramway addition, opened in December 2014.

LEFT: Willy Brandt Platz, previously Theaterplatz, is on the most central of the city’s tram routes. The Euro sign is outside the former European Central Bank headquarters.

RIGHT: A small part of one of Frankfurt’s busiest interchanges, the tram platforms at Südbahnhof station entrance.

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Oberursel U2 Hohemark Bad Homburg Gonzenheim U3

Oberursel Bahnhof Nieder- U9 Eschbach

U8 Riedberg

Niederursel

DEPOT Heddernheim Preungesheim U5 18 Preungesheim Gravensteiner-Platz

Praunheim Heerstr. U6 U1 U9 U7 Ginnheim Hausen 16

DEPOT DEPOT Bornheim Ernst-May- Platz 14

Bocken- heimer Warte U4

Haupt- wache U6 Ostbahnhof Nidda 17 Rebstockbad U5 Willy-Brandt- Platz Main Galluswarte 20 Hbf Höchst Zuckschwerdtstr. 11 Lokal- bahnhof

DEPOT 21 Gallus Südbahnhof Mönchhofstr. Nied U1 U2 Kirche U3 U8

15

Niederrad 12 19 Haardtwaldplatz Schwanheim 14 19 Rheinlandstr. Louisa Bahnhof

20 21 Stadion Straßenbahn

Neu-Isenburg 17 Stadtgrenze

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network facts

O pened: 1872 (electrified 1884) Lin es: Tramway – 10 (136 stops); U-Bahn – 9 (86 stations) L ength: Tram – 67.3km (42.1 miles); U-Bahn – 64.9km (40.6 miles) A pprox. weekday hours: 04.00-01.00 L ine frequency: Mainly 7-10 minutes G auge: 1435mm P ower: 750V dc, overhead supply F leet: 112 trams; 309 Stadtbahn C ity operator: VGF – www.vgf-ffm.de E xecutive: Lokale Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt am Main (traffiQ) www.traffiq.de– R egional network: Rhein Main Verkehrsverbund – www.rmv.de C ivic information: www.frankfurt.de T ourist information: www.frankfurt-tourismus.de

ABOVE: The transport museum at Schwanheim providing a welcome refuge on a cold, wet Sunday in November 2017.

LEFT: A peak-time train of Bombardier Flexity Swift U5-25 U4 U7 stock at Weisser Enkheim Stein on the multi- line section between Südbahnhof and Heddernheim; 31 July 2017. DEPOT Bornheim Ernst-May- Platz

12 Fechenheim Hugo-Junkers- Str. Schleife 11 Fechenheim “In March 2018 a new operational control Schießhüttenstr. centre in central Frankfurt came into use.”

during 2018, VGF identifies ten regular becoming especially familiar to tramlines numbered between 11 and thousands of American services Main 21, with line 13 omitted. personnel. Historic connections Railways approach Frankfurt from with commerce were perpetuated 15 16 18 Offenbach many directions, a configuration by financial institutions establishing Stadtgrenze that allowed heavy rail to become a Frankfurt base and this expanded a major local journey provider. the traditional banking district Most significant in this context, that lies east of the Hbf and led to Frankfurt-centred Rhine-Main the distinctive high-rise skyline. S-Bahn (designated in 1978) run by A north-western spread includes the Deutsche Bahn includes branching Messe, a noted trade fair site. cross-city tunnels completed in West of the city, Frankfurt Airport 1990. Long-distance and local trains grew to become and remains Germany’s use terminus surface platforms busiest international airport, also at Frankfurt (Main) Hbf, the vast constituting an important surface principal railway station. Some of transport interchange in its own right. these services use other stations In 1961 Frankfurt decided to install around the city, creating many a new rail format. Although not a full interchanges with VGF’s network. metro, the benefits over the tramway Bombing destroyed much of the would result from more capacious city, but after 1945 only a small part of stock and far fewer road conflicts. the central (Innenstadt) district was The first section opened in October rebuilt in a once-prevalent medieval 1968, between Nordwestzentrum style. Frankfurt’s international and Hauptwache in the city centre. identity rose during the years of The mix of dedicated rights of way, Germany’s post-war division, controlled road crossings and some

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tunnel sections would feature in at street level in the main shopping subsequent extensions. district to indicate that Hauptwache The improvements seemed set to and nearby Konstablerwache stations eventually eradicate the tramway, yet (which includes a cross-platform by the 1990s this view eroded, partly transfer between S-Bahn and U-Bahn) due to high costs and the long time form a key transport hub. needed for comprehensive coverage. To the south, a surviving east-west New high-capacity trams with good tram route with lines 11 and 12 passes accessibility made the tramway near Römerberg and through Willy compatible with modern demands. Brandt Platz. Here the giant Euro The two systems are now of similar symbol is a favoured locating shot length. Not used by revenue services, for financial reports. Redevelopment connections between the U-Bahn and borders much of this route, notably to tramway exist at several points and in the east where U11 follows the arterial ABOVE: Now withdrawn Ptb 722 near Sigmund Freud Strasse on addition to VGF’s central workshops road, Hanauer Landstrasse. The new 12 July 2014. Externally-mounted steps enabled two boarding heights, there are two depots handling trams. riverside European Central Bank a need obviated by infrastructure changes. Much amended since a 1919 opening, headquarters are nearby. Gutleut is on the south of the railway The most intensively used U-Bahn into Frankfurt Hbf; primarily a U-Bahn section is the route designated A facility, Ost (East) depot opened in which now hosts four lines with a 2003. Tram access is via a connection peak 2.5-minute interval. South of the through Johanna Tesch Platz station. Main are just two stations, Schweizer Letters identifying Stadtbahn core Platz and the southern terminus, routes – A, B and C – plus a number Südbahnhof, this also a main line were initially used to distinguish station and on several tram routes. any lines branching from these Expansion continues with the three. With changed designations, Stadtbahn Europaviertel U5 project; today’s U1-U9 use infrastructure running west of Hauptbahnhof which is about 60% below ground. through the developing ‘European The Stadtbahn partly grew by taking Quarter,’ the 2.7km (1.7 miles) of over tram coverage, becoming mixed tunnel and surface running complementary rather than with four stations should join the overlapping. It was several years before system in late 2022. Stadtbahn high platforms became Tramline 18 opened in ABOVE: Düwag 026 approaching Festhalle/Mitte from the south. standard and until then stock with December 2011, running north The glass structure to the left provides natural light and ventilation for retractable steps for boarding from from Lokalbahnhof (the name the sub-surface U-Bahn station. lower levels was needed. The transition commemorating the Frankfurt end BELOW: The 3.5 km (2.2-mile) extension to Gravensteiner Platz also left trams with a minor presence of a now closed local railway) to (seen here in July 2014) brought line 18 to the system in December 2011. in the heart of Frankfurt. There is little Gravensteiner Platz. This northern

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ABOVE: ‘Ebbelwei Express’ K-type 105 seemingly receives attention from the Hammering Man mobile statue on Friedrich Ebert Anlage: 12 July 2014.

BELOW: Offenbach Stadtgrenze is one of Frankfurt's ‘border’ termini. With through- running until 1996, Offenbach closed its own tram operations in 1967. ABOVE: Tram platforms confront people leaving the main access to Frankfurt's principal station. Many more are being transported via the U-Bahn and S-Bahn tunnels at this point. terminus forms the end of the 3.5km (2.2-mile) extension which added eight new stops. The most recent system addition was a further 1.1km (0.7 miles) on Stresemannallee in December 2014, delivered under a EUR20m project. More significant than the length may suggest, this enabled a 5.5km essential facts (3.4-mile) extension of line 17, now an L ocal travel: There is a wealth of 18-stop cross-river service. The only multilingual online and print materials: ABOVE: Tram and U-Bahn converge at Ginnheim terminus, with new stop created an interchange Frankfurt Buses and Trains for Guests U5-25 643 arriving and an R tram between services in the background. at Frankfurt (M) Stresemannallee is recommended. Publications are station, with tram platforms beneath available at DB stations and tourist the railway counterparts. To the outlets, with the main local travel centre south where new track joined the located at Hauptwache U-Bahn. There is zone-based, cross-mode line 14 route, connection with the ticketing with short journey single ‘Lieschen’ line was severed, ending tickets at EUR1.85; over 2km singles its use. Already cut in the west near start from EUR2.90. Day Zone 50 day Oberforsthaus, this 1.7km (1.1 miles) tickets covering all the tramway and of mainly single-track through most U-Bahn services start at EUR7.20 or woodlands operated normally until EUR9.35 if including Frankfurt Airport the 1930s. Thereafter it was used for (Zone 5090). Tickets can be purchased a few days annually, a system oddity from staffed stations and multilingual machines. A day trip using regional trains finally killed off by high renewal costs. to visit the Kassel tramway is covered by The Ebbelwei Express sightseeing the DB Hessenticket at EUR35. tram remains a feature of central Frankfurt. Titled in recognition of the What is there to see? area’s traditional apple wine and using Römerberg (site of Römer city hall) is specially adapted K-type vehicles, a showpiece Altstadt space, most of it it runs scheduled one-hour tourist being a reconstruction. River cruises use services and may be hired for party use a nearby quay, next to Eiserner Steg (Iron (www.ebbelwei-express.de). Bridge) which gives impressive skyline views. South of the Main, Sachsenhausen district around Schweizer Platz U-Bahn ABOVE RIGHT : Street boarding is a traditional entertainment district at Güterplatz, close to Europaviertel with many apple wine (cider) outlets. developments in Gallus district, due for With tram and U-Bahn access, Bornheim future U-Bahn coverage. is a counterpart north-east from the centre. Palmengarten botanic gardens RIGHT: Next to the Main, are near Bockenheimer Warte. Schiesshüttenstrasse Fechenheim is the See TAUT 965 for a detailed description eastern terminus of the long cross-city line 11. of Frankfurt’s excellent tramway museum Tram 023 is about to start the one-hour at Schwanheim Rheinlandstrasse. journey on 12 November 2017.

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AUSTRALIA ADELAIDE. Sunday 29 July should have seen the opening of the two short city tramway extensions (1km/0.6 miles along North Terrace to Botanic Gardens, and 400m north along King William Street to Festival Plaza). However, last-minute problems with the interface between traffic lights and tram signalling caused the date to be postponed, with no new date announced. Experts from supplier Hanning & Kahl have been dispatched to help rectify the issue. Just one day of driver training (16 July) was accomplished before the problem was identified. I. Hammond CANBERRA. Testing is now in progress on the whole of the new 12km (7.5-mile) tramline linking the city centre with Gungahlin, using seven of 14 CAF-built cars. TA Adelaide Bombardier Flexity 114 returns westbound from the new Botanic gardens terminus during driver training. MELBOURNE. Alstom has been Trams last ran here 60 years ago. I. Hammond awarded a EUR60m contract to supply a further five X’trapolis OOSTENDE. Hermelijn trams CZECH REPUBLIC Spanish manufacturer Irizar for commuter rail six-car EMUs, borrowed from Antwerpen OSTR AVA. Prototype two-section delivery in 2019 are in reality that will bring the total in service and Gent this summer Stadler nOVA tram 1701 started tram-like electric articulated by 2020 to 106. RGI were 6332/3/5/7/9-41 and carrying passengers, on route 4, buses with pantographs for SYDNEY. Randwick depot on 7225/36/46/66/8/9 (plus 7267, from 1 August. Deliveries from opportunity charging. the new 12km (7.5-mile) South which spent the winter on the the base 30-tram order is due for PARIS. At a press conference on East light rail line was energised coast). Tram 6038 has been completion in 2019; with options 18 July, the Director-General of Île- in late July, when six of the withdrawn due to accident for a further ten cars. infotram.pl de-France Mobilités announced 60 Alstom Citadis XO5 cars had damage. T-2000 PRAHA (Prague). T6 trams that the next metro line to be been delivered. TA 8726/8/46 have been sold to Kyiv converted to automatic train BRAZIL in Ukraine. New T3 rebuilds with operation, after completion of AUSTRIA FORTALEZA. On 6 July the low-floor centre sections are 8285 work currently in progress on GMUNDEN. The new VLT diesel metro line was extended (ex-8220) and 8286 (ex-8339). BS line 4, would be line 13 in 2025-27 intermediate terminus at 6.2km (3.1 miles) eastwards from rather than line 11. Engelhof on the Gmunden– Borges de Melo to Papicu. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Bombardier Transportation Vorchdorf section of the A Brazilian/Spanish joint SANTO DOMINGO. Alstom has been awarded a EUR261m new StadtRegio Tram also venture has been awarded the has delivered the first two of six order for 36 more Francilien trains features stabling facilities. BRL1.47bn (EUR335m) contract three-car Metropolis trainsets for for the suburban network, 18 The disused 1836 station building to build phase 1 of the 12.4km the metro line 2B extension from seven-car units for lines L and J, here, the oldest in Austria on a (7.7-mile) eastern metro by 2022. Eduardo Brito to Carretera Mella. and 18 eight-car units for line P. working line, has been purchased IRJ The company supplied 15 After the French football team’s by Stern & Hafferl and is being three-car trainsets for the initial success in winning the FIFA brought back into use. CANADA 12.8km (eight-mile) section. RGI World Cup on 15 July, some On 25 August there was to TORONTO. The last Bombardier metro stations were temporarily be a special timetable featuring Flexity Outlook delivered before ECUADOR renamed: Avron became Nous the three bogie trams (8-10) and the plant holiday CUENCA. The first test run on Avron Gagné; Charles de Gaulle- two-axle museum trams, 5 and ‘shutdown’ was 4491. D. Drum the city’s tramway took place on Étoile became On a 2 Étoiles; 100. By that time normal service A detailed overview of 27 July. Work on the 10.2km Bercy became Bercy les Bleus; would be in the hands of Stadler developments in Toronto and the (6.3-mile) line began in 2013, Notre-Dame des Champs became Tramlink vehicles. G. Mackinger GTHA can be found on page 335. although delays saw the original Notre Didier Deschamps; Champs contract terminated in 2016. Elysées-Clémenceau became CHINA In December 2017 a new Deschamps Elysées-Clémenceau. ANTWERPEN. PCCs 6205 and SHANGHAI. Thirty-one eight-car contract was awarded to the ACTN Other stations were subject to 6217 arrived from Gent in June, metro trains have been supplied consortium (Alstom, CIM, TSO and unofficial renamings. and two more were expected by CRRC Zhuzhou Electric to NGE Group), to have the line ready STRASBOURG. The first rails in July. T-2000 offer increased capacity on line 2. for opening later this year. IRJ for the extension to Koenigshoffen BRUSSEL/BRUXELLES. The These include the 5000th metro were laid in mid-July. Completion new tramline 9 linking Jette car for the city, which opened its ESTONIA of the work will take two years. Dikke Beuk/Arbre Ballon and first line in 1993, and now has a TALLINN. The Tatra KT4D This section will include some Simonis was to on 1 September 637km (396-mile) system. IRJ vehicles repainted in Retrotram interlaced track under a bridge using 3000-series Bombardier URUMQI. Trial operation on the blue and white livery are 136/8/ along the route. France Bleu trams. At Simonis trams 16.5km (10.3-mile) metro line 1, 40-2/68, used on line 3. BS VALENCIENNES. A feasibility terminate in a new subway offering an underground linking the city study is to be launched for interchange with the metro. and the airport, started on 9 July. FRANCE extension of the tramway The line will later be extended CRRC Zhuzhou has supplied 27 AIX-EN-PROVENCE. T he from Croix d’Anzin to a new from Jette to Heizel/Heysel. T-2000 six-car sets. RGI 15 ‘trams’ on order from interchange at St-Waast. RVVN

350 / SEPTEMBER 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org GERMANY be brought into use in mid-March, BONN. Tenders have been when the tramway network invited for 26 three-section 70% will be as follows: 1, Landwasser low-floor double-ended trams, – Hbf – Littenweiler; 2, 30.6m long and 2.4m wide. Hornusstrasse – Hbf – Günterstal; There is an option for 12 3, Haid – Hbf – Vauban; 4, Messe – further vehicles. BS Hbf – Gundelfingen; 5, Rieselfeld BERLIN. June saw a batch – Rotteckring – Europaplatz; of T6/B6 trams sent to Egypt line 5 is extended to Hornusstrasse – 5135/7/43/50/2/5/63 and at peak periods. 5514/20/3/5-7/31/48 – while 20 GERA. A depot open day will be KT4D left for Oradea in Romania held on 22 September. BS – 6017/8/35/6/48/51/3/6/63/78/ HAMBURG. While the December 81/3 and 6105/6/9/23/8/48/9/71. opening of the U-Bahn station Other KT4D, 6034/49/52/69/77 Elbbrücken (U4) is not in doubt, and 6115, have been sent to Lviv whether the adjacent S-Bahn in Ukraine. More are earmarked station can open at the same time for Zaporozhye, although these depends on whether construction The CERN/Meyrin tram routes in Geneva were closed in late June to facilitate trams need to be regauged to difficulties can be resolved. BS the laying of a connection into the new depot. The depot lies directly at the west 1000/1524mm respectively. . T h e end of the airport runway. Gordon Wiseman U-Bahn line U55 was closed Turmbergbahn funicular is to be from 4 June to facilitate work on extended in 2020 to a common SCHÖNEICHE. The Berlin IRELAND the link to U5. The rolling stock terminus with tramline 1 at suburban tramway is DUBLIN. The National Transport for the shuttle service was moved Durlach at a cost of EUR16m. BS paying EUR3.7m for the two Authority (NTA) is to reconsider to Friedrichsfelde depot. Service KASSEL. RegioTram line 4 from Transtech Artic trams from the route for its proposed should resume on 10 December. Kassel to Wolfhagen, where the Helsinki, which will replace 26km (16-mile) MetroLink Siemens has withdrawn its electro-diesel Alstom RegioCitadis the ex-Heidelberg high-floor line from Swords to Sandyford, appeal against the direct award are used, is likely to be electrified, trams. following political opposition of a contract for 56 U-Bahn cars according to a letter of intent The first of the second- to the closure of a road crossing (14 four-car trains) to Stadler. signed between the state of Hesse hand trams was due to arrive at the Beechwood Luas stop. BVG had wanted to buy 20 and local transport authority in September. MOZ.de The current preferred route IK19 trains without going out to N V V. STUTTGART. Work started on follows the current Green tender on grounds of urgency. Under the mid-life the 3km (1.9-mile) extension line between Charlemont and It needs new stock in 2019 modernisation of the 28 of Stadtbahn line U6 from Sandyford, but as new line will due to a change of heart on RegioCitadis, the ten with diesel Fasanenhof to Flughafen on be entirely segregated it will a life-extension programme for engines are likely to become pure 9 July. Passenger service will start require new bridges at Beechwood F79 stock. BS electric vehicles. IRJ in December 2021. DS and two other locations. Other BIELEFELD. Preserved Düwag KÖLN (Cologne). The first ULM. The first Siemens Avenio representations will be considered tram 814 has returned from HF6 high-floor Stadtbahn car to enter passenger service was 51 in a report due in August. overhaul in traditional beige was delivered by Bombardier on on 20 July. DS Luas has now rolled out livery with a green stripe and 11 July. DS WUPPERTAL. Te e t h i n g contactless payment at all grey roof. It can usually be seen MAGDEBURG. The five-year problems with the new ticket machines. on Sundays operating between project to build a new tramline Schwebebahn cars continue: Sieker and Senne, with departures along Wiener Strasse will come 11 are in service, two remain in ISLE OF MAN at 10.30 and 12.26. BS to a conclusion at 16.30 on the workshops and 18 stand at DOUGLAS. Strathallan horse BREMEN. The timetable change 8 September with an opening the factory in Valencia, Spain. tram depot and offices are to be planned for April 2019 will see the ceremony. Lines 6 and 9 will Sixteen old sets remain in service; replaced by a near replica building. introduction of a new tramline 5 run in regular service here from 13 and 15 have recently been given The current structure, from 1902, (Bürgerpark – Hbf – Daniel-von- 9 September. DS an overhaul. OR, DS is considered unsafe; the new Büren Strasse – Gröpelingen) MÜNCHEN (Munich). The first version is to provide stabling operating every 20 minutes during of 238 S-Bahn sets to be refurbished GREECE for 13 horse cars as well as space Monday-Friday peak periods. BS was presented on 9 July, entering ATHINA. Attiko Metro concluded for temporary storage of Manx CHEMNITZ. The next expansion service three days later. Each a EUR64m deal with Alstom on Electric Railway trams. It will of tram-train operation will four-car unit costs EUR3m to 27 July for 25 Citadis trams to incorporate a ticket sales area, be in December 2019 when bring up to modern standards. IRJ cater for service expansion and to first-floor offices and public the railway line to Aue will be NAUMBURG. This year’s tramway serve the expanded network toilet facilities. A cafe could be incorporated into the network, festival (15 September) will be that will open to the port of included in the development. with a connection to the tramway on the Bahnhofsvorplatz, where Piraeus by the end of the year. The cable tram ‘flywheel’ network at Technopark. BS the new extension should be open. Deliveries are to begin in late uncovered during excavation DORTMUND. Saturday service A total of 84 400 passengers were 2019. Ekathimerini works carried out on the area on the university H-Bahn will be carried on the heritage tramway adjacent to the Bottleneck car park introduced from 30 September, in the first six months of 2018, INDIA in Douglas during 2000 is to be creating a link between the S-Bahn compared with 68 000 in the MUMBAI. A fleet of 31 automated mounted on a plinth on Loch station and Eichlinghofen. BS same period last year. DS eight-car metro trains have Promenade as part of the area’s ERFURT. The first TatraKT4D , 401, RUHRBAHN. Work has started been ordered from Alstom, reconstruction. The cable tram made its last appearance in Erfurt to draw-up plans for the new for the 33.5km (20.8-mile) line terminated at the junction of on 10 June, before departing to the Essen tramline Bahnhofstangente 3 that is due to open in 2021. Broadway with the Promenade. Eisenbahnmuseum Weimar. BS that will run on the surface from The trains will be assembled MANX ELECTRIC RAILWAY. FRANKFURT-AM-MAIN. VGF Hollestrasse via Hachestrasse to in India. IRJ A set of six stamps has been has been given approval to order Berthold-Beiz-Boulevard. The issued to mark the Manx Electric a further 22 U5-25 Stadtbahn cars target date for completion is 2025. IRAN Railway’s 125th Anniversary from Bombardier to permit trains Essen Düwag bogie tram 640, ISFAHAN. The metro was featuring scenes submitted by on lines U5, U7 and U8 to be dating from 1953, was withdrawn extended by 4km (2.5 miles) tramway enthusiasts. lengthened. DS from driver training duties south from Azadi to Soffeh on MER Mail Van 4 has been FREIBURG/Breisgau. The new this summer and stored in the 10 July, taking the line to 20.2km repainted for the anniversary and tramway along Rotteckring will Mülheim depot. BS (12.6 miles). urbanrail.net was launched at the end of June

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The first ex-Gent double-ended PCC to run trials for in Antwerpen. Firezne Sirio 2044 on the 4.1km (2.5-mile) city extension of line T1, Santa Maria K. Vatrogascl Novella – Careggi university hospital, that opened in July. A. Fantechi in Laxey. The van was built by On 9 July RR car 4009 was the vehicles featuring a primarily a reported EUR41m, with all G F Milnes in 1894 and had been first to be tested on the Lansigerland white colourscheme with a vehicles required by 2023. TR in open storage at Ramsey for a (Bleizo) extension at Zoetermeer. red relief. NK News GALAŢI. A tender is being prolonged period. A rebuild was digitaletram.nl prepared for 18 new trams, to be completed in 1993. . A bus replacement POLAND financed with EU funding. TR SNAEFELL. A summary of the service ran to Woudhoek from CZĘSTOCHOWA. From 8 July ORADEA. A RON47.9m accident investigation into last 30 June to 26 August to permit restored 4N two-axle tram 202 (EUR10.4m) contract has year’s Snaefell car 2 incident track renewal, with lines 21 and started operating a Sunday been signed to build a 3.8km at Bungalow was expected to 24 cut back to Schiedam station. tourist tram service between (2.4-mile) tramway extension be released to the public by Ulica Fieldorfa-Nila and from Calea Aradului to Strada September. NEW ZEALAND Stadion Raków. infotram.pl Dimitrie Cantemir in the southern The full report was completed AUCKLAND. T he Wy na rd GDANSK. A EUR26.5m contract suburbs. Opening is planned in July, but under Manx legislation Quarter heritage tramway service has been awarded to Aldesa for 2020. infotram.pl cannot be released. was suspended from 6 August Construcciones to upgrade to permit the next phase of 7.8km (4.8 miles) of tramline RUSSIA ITALY redevelopment and streetworks 8 to Stogi Plaza. The EU will KOLOMNA. It is hoped that by FIRENZE (Florence). The in the area, with no estimate given supply EUR10.6m. TR the time of the 70th anniversary 4.1km (2.5-mile) city extension for any resumption of service. MROZY. The horse tramway of tramway operation on of line T1 opened on 16 July, from The 1.5km (0.9-mile) loop opened resumed operation from 6 November, the fleet of high- Santa Maria Novella to Careggi in 2011, but patronage has 29 April and can be ridden on the floor 71-134 bogie trams will be university hospital. Travel was been low. NZ Herald weekends of 18-19 August and replaced by new low-floor71-407 free until 29 July. Seven Sirio trams 15-16 September, 14.00-18.00, from Uraltransmash. A. Shanin have been added to the fleet of 17 NORTH KOREA from the terminus near the MOSKVA. Entrance turnstiles already operating line T1. PYONGYANG. New three- railway station. BS were abandoned on all trams from Line T2 to the airport that section trams purported to be OLSZTYN. The PLN108m 16 June, with all doors available should have opened in September, of domestic construction and (EUR25.3m) contract with for boarding and alighting, worked by 22 trams, is delayed by with digital information displays Durmazlar for 12 32.5m five- and tickets validated on board. disputes between the contractor and air-conditioning are section Panorama trams was There are random inspections. and sub-contractors, and no operating on the Kwangbok signed on 18 July. Delivery will All 67 71-623 trams are definite opening date is known. (Liberation) Street line, although start in early 2020. There is an to be moved to the isolated A. Fantechi, IRJ it is unclear how many new option for 12 more. infotram.pl Krasnopresnenskoe depot by road, MILANO. On 16 July Hitachi cars have been delivered. WROCŁAW. Thirty Moderus with the current Tatra fleet there Rail Italy was awarded a EUR87m In recent years, state media has Beta 60% low-floor trams have moved to Apakov. The 1903 tram contract for a further 12 six-car promoted various rolling stock been delivered to the city in 2018, (later trolleybus) depot at Ulitsa Leonardo metro trains for line 2 designs at the nation’s annual with 21 in service by September. Lesnaya has been converted into for delivery in the second half National Industrial Art Ten more are expected in 2019. a gastronomic centre with various of 2019. Each 107m train has Exhibitions, but the manufacturer infotram.pl cafés and shops. N. Semyonov capacity for 1232 passengers, of the new tram is yet unknown. SANKT PETERBURG. The 204 seated, and will be built at The city’s primary roster ROMANIA prototype Stadler B85300M HRI factories in Reggio Calabria remains Czech-built Tatra KT8 ARAD. A tender is being issued Metelitsa low-floor tram and Naples. This will bring the three-section articulated cars, for 28 new metre-gauge trams, demonstrator arrived on 6 July total number of trains of this built in 1990 for the 1991 opening. ten long and ten short version; 20 and will be tested in passenger type to 72. IRJ Later in 1991, 129 Tatra T6B5 second-hand Duewag trams are service as car 0300. The private bogie motor cars were received also to be modernised. TR tramway in the eastern suburbs from the same manufacturer. BUCUREŞTI. The turning circle was suspended during the FIFA DEN HAAG. The city tram subway Most of these remain in service, for lines 5, 16 and 21 at Piata Sf. World Cup, and did not resume was closed for trackwork from operating in coupled pairs. Gheorghe was taken out of service operation until 25 July. Y L’vov 14-30 July, resulting in various In recent years, additional stock from 22 June and lines 16 and VITSEBSK. The last RVZ-6 in diversions/short workings on has come second-hand from 21 extended to Piata Sf. Vineri. regular passenger service (417) lines 2-4, 6 and 16, and a new Europe; Tatra T4 and B4 cars from Line 5 was withdrawn. BS was withdrawn on 16 July; surface stop at Grote Markt. Dresden, Leipzig and Magdeburg CLUJ-NAPOCA. The only bidder 418 survives as an excursion The route of the tourist tram was in 1998-99 and T3 cars from Praha for the tender of 22 new trams car and there is also tower also altered. There were some in 2008. was the Arad-based company wagon 297. transphoto.ru unusual tram workings such as Most vehicles trams use a red Astra, with its Imperio model; the VOLGOGRAD. On 9 July the RandstadRail cars on line 9. and off-white livery, with the new planned procurement is worth new extension of the light rail line

352 / SEPTEMBER 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org from VGTZ to Elshanka was opened, their systems on 21 December. becoming the main service. Uppsala opened in 1906. The old link from VGTZ to P. G. Andersson, IRJ Ploschad Chekistov is retained, but has a service from 07.00- SWITZERLAND 19.00 only. Flooding caused by AARAU/BREMGARTEN – heavy rain resulted in service to DIETIKON (AVA). With the be suspended between VGTZ and merger of AAR and BDWM, a new TRK Europe. metroelectrotrans blue and white livery is being applied as stock is repainted. SINGAPORE ABe4/8 5011 was the first in the MASS RAPID TRANSIT. new colour scheme. TR Starting in 2021, Bombardier ST GALLEN – APPENZELL will deliver 66 new six-car trains (AB). Withdrawn BDeh4-4 11-15 to replace the system’s original and ABt 111-5 have been sold to rolling stock, which dates from the Achenseebahn in Austria. EA 1987. The USD827m contract will be fulfilled by Bombardier’s TAIWAN Changchun factory. TAOYUAN. Siemens has been Tracklaying on the extension along Talbot Road in July. The first of 91 automated contracted to supply electrical and T. Stevenson four-car metro trains ordered mechanical systems for the Green from CSR Qingdao Sifang/ line automated metro, a 27.8km The undertaking already has to be closed for the new line to Kawasaki for the Thomson – (17.2-mile) line due to open in similar cars from Erfurt and Gera. be connected to the existing East Coast line was delivered to 2025. The company will supply Three more are expected soon network at Pomona between Mandai depot on 4 July. RGI traction equipment for 40 two-car with perhaps 30 in total by the 28 July and 9 August. The Trafford Hyundai Rotem trainsets. RGI end of the year. transphoto.ru Park line is being funded by SPAIN TAIPEI. Alstom has been awarded Greater Manchester’s Devolution MADRID. The city council a EUR378m contract to supply UNITED KINGDOM Deal, which was signed by the has approved plans for a 6.5km 19 four-car automated metro BLACKPOOL. Work is continuing city-region’s leaders in 2014, and (four-mile) extension to metro sets for line 7, plus CBTC, SCADA on the Talbot Road extension to is expected to open in 2020. line 11, from Plaza Eliptica Nord and platform screen doors. Blackpool North station with A partnership between to Conde de Casal (interchange The 22.8km (14.2-mile) line will new track being laid in July and Transport for Greater Manchester with line 6). Work should start be completed in 2025. IRJ expected to be completed by and Vodafone will extend the in 2020. IRJ the end of November. It is still coverage of free Wi-Fi for trams being stated that the entire tram and shuttle buses for the next two SRI LANKA . T h e 37. 5 k m infrastructure will be in place by years. A makeover will be given COLOMBO. Following a feasibility (23.3-mile) automated metro February next year, with tram to four trams to advertise the study by Japanese consultants, line that will connect the city’s services potentially commencing company and partnership. the government has started third airport with Gayrettepe at Easter. However, this may be to LONDON (DOCKLANDS). land acquisition that will permit on line M2 is being built by a temporary terminal, depending ‘ a 15.3km (9.5-mile) east–west a consortium of Kolin and on progress with the adjoining Discovery’ trains were to run light metro from Fort to IT park Senbay at a cost of EUR999.8m. developments. every weekend from 4 August to to open in 2024. The project is The opening date has been fixed The 2018 Illuminations are 9 September taking pre-booked being financed by a USD1.7bn loan for 24 November 2019. RGI to begin on 31 August at the passengers on a tour of part of from the Japanese International Tower Festival Headland and the system from Tower Gateway Co-operation Agency. IRJ UKRAINE on the following day there is a to Cutty Sark with on-board KHARKIV. Under a EUR45m four-hour concert at the same commentary and a walking tour SWEDEN loan agreed with the European site; both events will require of the Cutty Sark and Greenwich STOCKHOLM. The 891mm- Investment Bank, tenders are tram services to be curtailed to area. The scheme includes return gauge Roslagsbanan is to be being invited for a fleet of metro either side of the festival area. to Tower Gateway by normal extended in a 2km (1.2-mile) trains and associated workshop EDINBURGH. Construction service train. The initiative sees subway from Stockholm Östra equipment. The three-line company Bilfinger UK has lost hourly departures 10.00-17.00 on to Odenplan in the city centre. system was opened in 1975 and an appeal to have documents it Saturdays/Sundays. The SEK7.1bn (EUR7bn) project has reached 37.6km (23.4 miles). provided to the Edinvurgh Tram LONDON (GENERAL). The is unlikely be completed until the It is planned to extend line 3 by Inquiry kept secret. The firm Sadiq Khan, the Mayor of London, mid-2020s. Täby Nyheter 3.5km (2.2 miles). IRJ claimed the documents were and Andy Street, the Mayor of UPPSALA. T h e S w e d i s h KONOTOP. The tramway has commercially sensitive, but the the West Midlands Combined Government has agreed to not operated since 7 June, for appeal judges concluded they did Authority, have welcomed a new provide SEK900m (EUR87.4m) financial reasons. It is not known not contain information which knowledge-sharing agreement towards the funding for a SEK4bn if re-opening is a possibility. could damage its interests. for major incidents and (EUR3.9bn) tramway project. If all KTM-5 101 remains on a plinth Visitors to the August disruptions, key transport projects goes well construction of the outside the depot. Edinburgh International Festival and congestion reduction. line linking Bergsbrunna and the The tramway opened in the were to benefit from tram . city centre will start in 2024. Soviet era, 21 December 1949 services continuing through the A legal challenge to the selection Correcting our story in the (the birthday of I. V. Stalin) and night at half-hourly intervals on of Siemens Mobility as preferred August issue (968), the 32m CAF at the time of closure was Saturdays. The festival was bidder to supply new rolling trams for Lund are being procured operating ten trams. BS to feature more than 50 000 stock for London Underground’s by the PTA Skånetrafiken and KONSTANTINOVKA. T he performances at a series of Piccadilly line has been lodged are of a different design to the tramway, closed in December 2016, venues. Trams ran successfully at by Bombardier Transportation A35 cars supplied to Stockholm. was liquidated on 11 July with the nights on weekends in 2017. and Hitachi. The two companies The tramway is scheduled to key assets sold for EUR76 000. GREATER MANCHESTER. have jointly lodged claims open in spring 2020 and not 2019 However, the local prosecutor’s Work on the Trafford Park line is in the High Court against as stated. office has reportedly deemed the continuing with track laying at LU’s decision not to select Lund will be the first new tram sale illegal. transphoto.ru, zinform.ua intu Trafford Centre, EventCity, the joint venture’s bid. city in Sweden since 1910 when LVIV. Three Tatra KT4D from Parkway, Village Way and Warren Transport for London has Karlskrona and Sundsvall opened Berlin were delivered on 23 June. Bruce Road. The Eccles line was indicated it will review the claims

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org SEPTEMBER 2018 / 353 Worldwide Review

application for federal funding the museum will be withdrawn for the project. E. B. Havens Sydney Variotram 2107. SPER NEW YORK, NY. The 30th Ave BUCKOW (DE). Ex Orbe – and 36th Ave subway stations on Chavorney Swiss BDe4/4 13, lines N and W were re-opened dating from 1920, was used in on 22 June after eight months of passenger service for the first time rehabilitation work. From 2 July on 2 June. OR Broadway and 39th Ave stations PLZEŇ (CZ). Praha Ringhoffer were closed for seven months two-axle tram 2170 (since 1974 for similar works. ERA works car 4223) has been acquired NEW YORK – NEW JERSEY and will be restored to provide (PATH). Kawasaki has been passenger service on special awarded USD240m in contracts occasions. Plzeň had a number of for new and refurbished metro trams of this type. DS cars. USD180m will cover 72 new stainless steel PA-5 cars for CONTRIBUTORS delivery in 2021-22, while Worldwide news items for USD60m will be spent on inclusion should be sent to refurbishing 350 existing cars. Michael Taplin at Flat 8, Roxan The first daytime driver training run of the UK’s tram-train pilot from The new cars will be built at Villa, 33 Landguard Manor Rd, Rotherham Parkgate passes Blackburn Meadows on its approach to the Supertram Lincoln, NB, and refurbishment Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 junction on 16 July. I. Ambrose dealt with at Yonkers, NY. IRJ 6EA, UK.Fax: +44 (0)1983 862810 and respond to them, although it standards of disabled access and SEATTLE, WA. The future of or e-mail: [email protected] sees no reason for the claim to be improved seating and lighting; the Downtown Streetcar link UK and Ireland items are lodged. The GBP2.5bn (EUR2.8bn) 646 000 passengers use the station was further called into question welcomed by Home Editor, John contract covers the provision each year. in July, as various officials left Symons, 17 Whitmore Avenue, of 94 small-profile trains for the WEST MIDLANDS. The West their positions and auditors Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, ST9 Piccadilly with future orders Midlands Combined Authority have found that the CAF trams 0LW, UK. E-mail [email protected] following for the Central, Bakerloo has begun its search for a third- ordered for the link between the Acknowledgements are due and Waterloo & City lines. generation of trams for the West First Hill and South Lake Union to Blickpunkt Strassenbahn (BS), NOTTINGHAM. The group Midland Metro, launching a lines are heavier than the Inekon digitaletram.nl, Drehschiebe ticket offer that allows unlimited framework tender on 2 August trams used on those lines, and may (DS), Edinburgh Evening News, daily travel across the NET with an estimated value of not fit into existing maintenance Ekathimerini, Electric Railroaders system for two adults and up GB180m (EUR200m) to run from depots. Projected costs are over Association (ERA), Eisenbahn to three children for GBP5 was April 2019 until the end of 2027. budget by USD23m. MyNorthwest Amateur (EA), El Paso Herald reintroduced on a daily basis Requests to participate are Post, France Bleu, infotram.pl, for the school holiday period, required by September 14 with VIETNAM International Railway Journal starting on 26 July and running to potential bidders asked to HANOI. Test running on the (IRJ), Manchester Evening News, 4 September. This ticket is demonstrate manufacturing and 13.3km (8.3-mile) metro line 2A metroelectrotrans, MOZ.de, normally only available after maintenance experience, began in June. Passenger operation My Northwest, NK News, Nottingham 16.00 in the week or anytime including catenary-free operation. will start in November. IRJ Evening Post, NZHerald, Op de Rails at weekends. Summer holiday (OR), Railway Gazette International ‘beaches’ have been provided in USA MUSEUM NEWS (RGI), South Pacific Electric Old Market Square and at Beeston, BALTIMORE, MD. Flooding LOFTUS (AU). Ex-Melbourne Railway (SPER), Täby Nyheter, both close to tram stops. caused by severe storms over the W2 392 has been restored at the Tram 2000 (T-2000), Transit SOUTH YORKSHIRE. Testing weekend of 21-22 July resulted in Sydney museum and is destined Australia (TA), transphoto.ru, on the full tram-train route a landslip affecting the light rail for a planned resort tramway urbanrail.net, Wolverhampton between Sheffield and Rotherham line. Service south of Patapsco in Thailand. The next arrival at Express & Star and Y L’vov. Parkgate is now undwerway, with was replaced by buses, probably for the first daytime driver training two or three weeks. R. Barrows run taking place on the morning BOSTON, MA. The first CAF- of 16 July. A decision is still to built LRVs for the were MEETINGS & EVENTS be taken on when public service due to enter service in September, Compiled by the LRTA. For a full list of the year’s events and meeting can commence, although it is with all 24 next year. E. B. Havens likely to be in the autumn. DENVER, CO. Bombardier places please visit www.lrta.org Services on the tramway has been awarded a USD78.9m were to be suspended to Halfway contract to supply 26 new cars A ugust 2018 Monday 17. Liverpool 19.45. until 9 August due to track for the airport’s underground Richard Hargreaves and Robert replacement, with work then peoplemover in 2020; 16 cars from Monday 20. Wickham 19.30. Jones: Rawtenstall tram mysteries moving to the Herdings, Gleadless 1995 will be retired. IRJ Hefin Jones: Indian Hill Railways. and tramcar manufacturers of Town End and Donetsk Way EL PASO, TX. The third restored (TLRS Solent) Birkenhead. (TLRS Merseyside) areas. All work is to be completed PCC, 1504, was delivered from Tuesday 21. Barnstaple 12.00. Monday 17. Wickham 19.30. Alan by 14 September. Brookville on 15 July, painted in Visit to the garden tramway of Nigel Warbank: Cine films. (TLRS Solent) TYNE & WEAR. The control the two-tone green colourscheme, Jackson-Stevens. Venue details: Tuesday 18. Leeds 19.00. room at South Gosforth is to with a white roof. El Paso Herald Post 0117 962 3288 (TLRS Taunton) Ian Dougill: Tramways of Romania. undergo a GBP12m (EUR13.5m) MILWAUKEE, WI. The third Saturday 25. Beeston 14.00. Bring Tuesday 18. London 19.00. modernisation to include a new Brookville Equipment Corp. a thing: Your current interests. (TLRS) Bob Hodges: Spain and . control system. Commissioning tram for The Hop was delivered Thursday 27. Manchester 19.00. was due to take place on the on 26 July. E. B. Havens September 2018 Robert Pritchard: Tramways of the weekend of 4-5 August. The new MINNEAPOLIS – ST PAUL, MN. Czech Republic and Slovakia, Part 2. RTMS (Rail Traffic Management Metro Transit has reached Tuesday 4. Southampton 19.30. Saturday 29. Beeston 14.00. System) is being supplied by agreement with Hennepin county Martyn Davies: Railway miscellany. TBA. (TLRS) Derby-based Resonate. and the Twin Cities & Western (LRTA/SEG) Saturday 29. Garstang 14.00. A GBP350 000 (EUR393 000) Railroad on the planned South Wednesday 12. Brighton 19.45. Peter Tony Young: Review of world refurbishment at Tyne Dock has West light rail Kenilworth shared Williams: Trams in the South. (TLRS) tramway developments. (TLRS) been completed, bringing modern use corridor. This frees up the

354 / SEPTEMBER 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Letters

Mailbox Get your views into print [email protected] Letters submitted by post should be clearly typed and preferably not handwritten. We reserve the right to shorten contributions for publication.

More thoughts on the case for double-deckers

Further to Howard Johnston’s opinion piece on the case for and Mumbles Railway’s ‘trams’. Later in life I spent over a modern double-decker (TAUT 967), I would agree that they 20 years using Hong Kong Tramways. may have a place within the urban transit mix – but only in The point about the footprint of double-deck vehicles is very specific circumstances. valid, in view of the increasing length of today’s trams, allied to In environments like the busy streets of Hong Kong they are that is of course the dwell times. However all things are relative, a valuable addition to the transport system as part of wider and I feel that what we should be asking is what are we trying networks (thank you to Ciril van Hattum for his overview of to achieve? Are we still trying to avoid upsetting motorists or developments in the last issue – 968), and in Blackpool they are we trying to encourage people on to public transport? are a fantastic and valuable tourist atraction – likewise for the Reliability, dwell and journey times should only be thought small urban circulators in Oranjestad and Dubai. of in respect to passengers, and motor cars should be seen as a So where city streets are tight, intersections are numerous disruptive element to achieving these three points. and maximum capacity is the key driver – with high service The trams of the Swansea and Mumbles Railway sat 106 speed being a secondary consideration – double-deckers could passengers in good comfort and had double-width doors at be a useful addition in the transport plannerʼs toolkit. As long either end for alighting or exiting. In modern day terms a as commercial speeds of 16-20km/h (10-12mph) can be passenger flow system could have been used, as is seen with maintained, then the service is still valuable. Hong Kong’s trams. Additionally, these large trams could and If urban populations are to grow over the coming decades did run in coupled pairs, giving 212 seats. in the ways that are forecast, I donʼt think that any option As for stability, I don’t see a problem as Sheffield’s cars could should be dismissed out of hand. manage 30mph (around 50km/h) and I am sure that was N. Purslow, by e-mail surpassed by Leeds’ trams on the run through Middleton woods. British traffic flow patterns should give priority to trams, Your recent article on the case for a modern double-decker as in Melbourne and Hong Kong and not as at the junction of and the subsequent correspondence are most interesting. West Street and Leopold Street in Sheffield, where trams give I grew up alongside Sheffield Corporation tramways and way to road vehicles. thanks to relatives in Swansea was able to use the Swansea John C. Lawrence, by e-mail

A fine Danish welcome I just wanted to endorse the comments about Enrolling at a college in Matlock in the Danish Tramway Museum in your latest Obituary: Keith Terry MBE 1958 to train as a schoolteacher, he ‘Classic Trams’ (968). Not only is it one of the The death occurred on 19 July of Keith bewailed the fact that he was leaving best working collections around, but the Terry, one of the outstanding figures in Leeds tramways at a crucial time in staff are friendly and helpful in typically post-war UK tramway enthusiast circles. their history. Ironically, a few months’ informal and drily humorous Danish fashion. He died in a Leeds hospital, finally later the Tramway Museum Society This informality and helpfulness seems part succumbing to a combination of mental (TMS) decided to establish its museum of the national character. and physical failures, aged 88. Keith at Crich, a short distance from Matlock. I often visit relatives in Denmark and had been a member of the Association Thereafter, he was to play an important always try to spend a day at the museum. (previously the LRTL) since 1945. part in the musuem’s development, My first visit some years ago was on their Alfred Keith Dyson Terry was born in enthusiastically embracing the cause first open day of the year, which they had Burnley, Lancashire, on 22 April 1930. of tramcar preservation (he was mistakenly set a week early, hence they had His interest in trams was seemingly primarily responsible for securing far fewer visitors than usual. inborn: even at the age of four he at least eight cars in the collection). I mentioned to a volunteer that I am insisted on being allowed to witness the Holding several TMS offices over the an LRTA member and he gave me what last tram on Burnley’s Summit route, years, he was appointed President amounted to a personal tour of the museum, which closed in October 1934. for the year 2006-07. also showing me around the private shed The family moved to Leeds in He had married Marjorie Hardy of housing the vehicles awaiting restoration and 1941 with his father’s need to secure Leeds in 1958 and, without sharing other store items. Later he was driving one of employment (he was in the men’s his interest, she gamely supported his the København cars and I asked if he minded outfitters business and Leeds was – and endeavours, including serving in the if I took some photos of the line from just is – a recognised centre of the clothing museum bookshop. She predeceased behind him. His reply was: “Of course. industry). There Keith became prominent him and her death was a profound loss. We are here for you.” in West Yorkshire LRTL circles. His final years were spent largely in I also mentioned that I was not familiar He was also a founder member of the Leeds, even briefing the local Liberal with tramway terms in Danish, so he noted Leeds Transport Historic Society (for Democrats on the value of modern my e-mail address and subsequently kindly a time its Chairman) and served for a tramways. In 2003, he was awarded sent me a document of terms in a variety of period as Editor of its magazine, the the MBE “for services to tramways and languages. Leeds & District Transport News. He also tramcar heritage”, a rare recognition I can’t guarantee quite such treatment on travelled the British Isles extensively, by the State of the significance of such normal open days, but I heartily echo your photographically capturing the passing services to the community, and the assertion that Skjoldenæsholm is a ‘must’ for tramway scene as a professional criteria for which clearly Keith amply anyone interested in tramway history. last-tram goer at the closure of systems. fulfilled. GBC Nigel Sharpe, Portchester (UK)

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org SEPTEMBER 2018 / 355 Classic Trams The TRAMWAY museum at Brus The growing collection of historic tramcars from Łódź, Poland, with its sprawling interurban network, has a new home in a museum created in a redundant depot. Mike Russell pays a visit. 1

or a city of its size and importance, The site of around 1.5ha has its running all independent tramways operating into it is perhaps surprising that Łódz and repair sheds, external trackwork still the city – the last day of TP operation was never had any horse-drawn connected to the system, and use of the 31 March 2012 and Brus depot closed tramways: the first tramcars to former office building. Here it has created operationally that night. serve the area were operated a collection of ancillary exhibits, with Under renewed MPK ownership, the electricallyF from late 1898. Situated in that interactive displays of both present and interurban line between Łódz, Konstantynów part of present-day Poland then under Russian former tram networks, a history of route and Lutomiersk (43) continues in operation, suzerainty, the city became a centre of the alterations and displays of tickets, ticket albeit from the city’s Telefoniczna depot. textile industry and lying amidst arable, equipment, timecards, uniforms and other Both outlying local authorities contributed relatively flat land lent itself to the creation paraphernalia. Particularly enterprising is a funding for track renewals, permitting of an interurban tramway connecting it display of old signalling technology, used to tramway operation to be resumed after some with the hinterland. Not all of the large control occupation of the many single-line lengthy breaks in service. proposed network was built, and those lines sections on the interurban lines. constructed were often truncated versions Despite their long service life, no (known) Today’s collection of the planned routes whose realisation was examples of the original bogie rolling stock There are currently 21 cars in the Brus frustrated by the outbreak of the Great War. supplied for the Konstantynów line have collection, drawn mainly from the former One of these interurban lines headed west survived. Built in 1910, some of these lasted in city fleet. The oldest, car 11, dates from the to the outlying settlement of Konstantynów service until as late as 1961, when they were tramways’ 1898 opening, a Herbrand type Łódzki. It opened on 17 December 1910 (old- replaced by trains of standard Polish two-axle VNB-125 car with AEG electrical equipment. style calendar) and was operated by a separate N-type cars. A lengthy westward extension The body was renovated in the late 1920s company, Łódzkie Waskotorowe Elektryczne from Konstantynów Łódzki to Lutomiersk and fitted with glazing to the previously Koleje Dojazdowe, from that which ran the was opened in two stages: initially in July unvestibuled platforms, and the electrical urban network. The company constructed a 1929 to the village outskirts at Kazimierz, and equipment renewed. Car 11 was used as a depot at Brus, outside the city. In addition to in 1931, following construction of a tram and trailer from 1944 and withdrawn in 1961, a covered tram shed, there was a repair hall, pedestrian-only girder bridge, to a terminal in when its body went for use at an MPK staff warehouse, forge and machine shop, together the village itself. holiday home. The original truck was salvaged with offices and residential accommodation After the end of World War Two, all and preserved by MPK; it is hoped it can be for staff, and a substation. Over the years public transport operations in the area were reunited with the body following restoration. it was updated but essentially retained amalgamated under the newly-created, A 2017 acquisition is Herbrand U-104 trailer its original state until being declassified centralised Miejskie Przedsiebiorstwo car 143; this was originally for interurban as an operating depot on 31 March 2012. Komunikacyjne w Łodzi (MPK) in 1951. service but after World War Two was used (as The building was still remote from other The last N set operated in 1991, the line being 1143) on urban services until 1961. It is now development, and being something of an restocked with Konstal-built 803N articulated in the personal ownership of Jerzy Wojtowicz. architectural anachronism lent itself to cars transferred from the city’s Chocianowice The oldest serviceable car is Herbrand future use as a tramway museum. and Helenówek depots. Eight former Bielefeld GE-58/U-107c car 71 of 1910, still in MPK Düwag GT6 articulated trams joined the fleet ownership. This is normally stored at the Active support group in 1990, but most were withdrawn by 1994. MPK’s workshop premises in Tramwajowa but The Łódz tramways have a very active Under the national economic reform puts in regular appearances at Brus on open supporters’ group in Klub Miłosników Starych programme that followed 1989’s political days. It was in service until May 1958 and Tramwajów w Łodzi (KMST). Over the years changes, the city council resolved to divest then spent a further ten years as a freight car, members collected former Łódz trams – itself of the interurban tramways and two before being restored by MPK in 1968. many relegated to use as storage sheds or separate companies were formed by outlying Two contemporary trailer cars to 71 are in outbuildings – hoping to one day create a municipalities to take over control and KMST ownership and awaiting restoration. tram museum for their city, once host to the operation of routes. From 1 April 1994, Car 336 is another Herbrand product, of world’s largest metre-gauge network. Tramwaje Podmiejskie w Łodzi (TP) took over type U107c, built 1911-14. It received the The vacation of Brus as an operational depot the Łódz-Lutomiersk interurban line, using number 336 in the 1920s (its original number presented an opportunity to realise their rolling stock inherited from MPK. is unknown) and remained in service until objective, and as early as January 2012 the The company’s sole line lay through 1961. This is an example of a body recovered first approaches were made with enthusiastic financially rather unpromising territory, from outside storage after many years, in this support at national level by both engineers and for its whole existence it was operated case as a chalet and farm barn until 2003. and politicians. The building was to remain on a ‘make do and mend’ basis, with track in Trailer 371 was built by Les Ateliers in the ownership of the Łódz city council, Konstantynów relaid in 2010 at the expense Métallurgiques in 1910, one of 20 such cars but agreement was reached on the general of the local authority. New rolling stock was supplied to Łódz. These had glazed platforms principles of its future use as a museum and also acquired from Grudziadz to replace those from the outset and were fitted with in April-May 2013, the first historic trams and 803N cars in worst condition. The former transverse seating. Car 371 was one of three buses were transferred to Brus. Hagen Düwag cars were themselves over 40 that remained in service until 1961. Just two months later, in July 2013, years old at the time of purchase; there were the fledgling museum opened its doors to also two former Mannheim GT6 cars, still in In the second part of this two-part series, visitors. The premises were to be safeguarded service today as 1071 and 1072. Mike Russell will continue his review of the and staffed by KMST volunteers, with support During 2011 the mayor of Łódz varied and growing fleet of tramcars assembled from the municipality. announced the city’s intention to repossess at the former Brus depot.

356 / SEPTEMBER 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org 1. The oldest serviceable car in the heritage fleet is this Herbrand GE-58 motor car from 1910. Restored by MPK Łódź in 1968 it remains in municipal ownership, but is frequently exhibited at Brus museum.

2. A general view of the Brus museum and depot with some of the exhibits on display here during one of its open days. The view is taken from the office, which has been adapted for the display of all manner of tramway-related artefacts.

3. One of two veteran trailer cars recovered from agricultural use in recent years is this Herband U-107c example of a batch delivered in 1911-14, formerly 336 in the city fleet. Alongside is 5ND1 trailer car 702, in private ownership.

4. The body of trailer 371, one of 20 built for Łódź by the Belgian firm of Les Ateliers Métallurgiques in 1910, sits on an accommodation truck 2 pending restoration. After many years of outside storage it is at last under cover.

5. After many years in open storage at Helenówek depot, car 11 has at last found refuge in the main hall at Brus. The Herbrand VNB-125 two-axle motor car was built for the opening of the city tramways in 1898, later rebuilt and then demoted to work as a trailer. It sits on an accommodation truck; authentic equipment has been restored by MPK and the two will hopefully be reunited 3 4 following body restoration. 6. A view within the single-road maintenance hall, yet another valuable facility available to KMST for their restoration and maintenance work. Car 109 is a 5N1 car rebuilt for overhead maintenance and inspection duties, and latterly in use by the independent MKT tramway company.

7. The well-lit storage tracks available to the KMST within Brus depot can be appreciated in this view. The cars are 5N 5 6 motor 154 of the Bydgoszcz fleet, and Świdnice-built 5ND1 trailer 702 from Łódź, both in private ownership and not part of the KMST collection.

8. The most recent arrival in July 2017 was the body of Herbrand U-104 car 143, of which over 50 were supplied to the ŁWEKD between 1902-11 for use on the interurban network. Like all the KMST relics, it sits on an accommodation two-axle truck.

Except where otherwise stated, 7 8 all photography by Mike Russell on 29 July 2017.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org SEPTEMBER 2018 / 357 Bookshop Order online from lrta.info/shop – or by post from: LRTA Publications, 31 Ashton Road, Wokingham RG41 1HL All prices shown include postage and packing.

Lost tramways of Wales Regional Tramways Cardiff / North Wales / South Wales and Wales, Isle of Man & Ireland post 1945 New series of four books! Valleys / Swansea and Mumbles Fourth in the new series of albums of British Isles tramways that survived post-war – Covering the evolution of the trams revealing the changing streetscapes of the from horse cars through to the extensive towns and cities covered. electric network largely replaced by > A4 hardback; 181 pages, 190+ pictures in trolleybuses in the 1940s as the city colour and black & white, several maps. grew to become the nation’s capital. £23.00 (UK addresses); £31.00 (outside UK); £37.50 (Airmail beyond Europe). LRTA Members: Deduct £2.00 from each of the prices shown The popular seaside resorts of Llandudno, Rhos-on-Sea and Colwyn Bay were linked by a charming electric tramway between 1907 and 1956 whose Als die Straßenbahn noch über die story this book sets out to tell. Königstraße fuhr An illustrated journey through the lost Trams were once an everyday sight on streetscape of Duisburg from the 1970s to the streets of South Wales, and this book the 1990s. German text. provides an insight into the daily lives > B5 hardback; 176 pages, 400+ black & white of those in the communities they served, images. including the industrial centres now £22.30 (UK addresses); £26.00 (outside UK); vanished. £29.50 (Airmail beyond Europe) LRTA Members: Deduct £2.00 from each of the Swansea was home to the world’s first prices shown passenger rail service in 1807; trams succeeded steam and the line was electrified, when the largest double-deck cars in the UK provided service until its Return to Isle of Man Transport closure in 1960. Manx Electric, Snaefell & the Buses and Trams of Douglas Corporation

> 150 x 200 mm, hardback; 64 pages; illustrated in black & white. Includes rare early colour pictures taken on transport’s ʻparadise islandʼ. Also covers cliff £10.70 (UK addresses); £13.90 (outside UK); £16.50 (Airmail lifts and Isle of Man aircraft. beyond Europe) LRTA Members: Deduct £0.90 from each of the prices shown > 210 x 210 mm hardback; 200 pages, fully-illustrated in colour and black & white. Special offer – all four books: £38.00 (UK addresses); £27.0 0 (UK addresses); £35.00 (outside UK); £45.00 (outside UK); £52.00 (Airmail beyond Europe) £41.50 (Airmail beyond Europe) LRTA Members: Deduct £3.50 from each of the prices shown LRTA Members: Deduct £2.50 from each of the prices shown

Please bear in mind that we often advertise books before stock is received from publishers so delivery can take some weeks.

New from Trolleybooks.....

"Italian Trolleybuses Abroad" is an encyclopaedic review of the fascinating story of the many Italian trolleybuses exported to the world between 1939 and 2008. Detailing the technological innovation, the systems involved and the competitive, even political pressures, this book mirrors the later history of many trolleybus nations, but tells a very special, inventive and stylish tale, specific to Italy and its unique contribution to trolleybus history. English and Italian text. A4 hardback, in full colour - 258 pages, 360 photographs plus maps of the 20+ systems where the exported vehicles operated. £38 + P&P from trolleybooks.co.uk or order by post from Trolleybooks, 22 Sandfield Road, St Albans, AL1 4LA +44 (0)7772 709563 email: [email protected]

The British Trolleybus Society and the National Trolleybus Association created Trolleybooks four decades ago, to publish definitive books about trolleybuses, their history and operation. All profits go towards trolleybus preservation.

in your next issue of

BUILDING THE LOOKING FORWARD SYSTEMS FACTFILE: FUTuRE IN FIRENZE TO AUTONOMY Bydgoszcz Alessandro Fantechi and Giovanni Driverless road vehicles have been a With route growth of around a third in Mantovani explore the tramway history hot topic for a few years; next month 2015 and continuing deliveries from of this spectacular Tuscan city, including experts from SYSTRA explore the future local rolling stock producer Pesa, this details of the latest extension and new of public transport automation and what tramway in northern Poland also has rolling stock deliveries. we can expect in the coming years. features representing past decades. PLUS... OCTOBER + Mike Russell continues his exploration of the Brus museum in Łódź issue + T he latest news and analysis, rolling stock orders, system developments, and transport policy and industry comment from On sale around the world 14th September

THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE Frankfurt am Main

Part of the multi-mode systems network serving Germany’s financial capital, a reinvigorated GERMANY www.lrta.org factfile tramway now www.tautonline.com complements the Sub scribe now! No. Frankfurt am newer Stadtbahn Frankfurt that was once seen am main O. 969 SEPTEMBER 2018 N 131 Main, Germany as its replacement. POLITICS AND TRANSIT IN TORONTO AND THE GTHA Now in its 81st year, Tramways & Urban Transit is the world’s leading monthly publication dedicated solely to light and rankfurt am m ain in Holding group. In 2001 planning and Bombardier Hessen state sits on both customer service were amongst the Flexity Classic million total for VGF’s rail operations, sides of the Main river, a functions transferred to an executive (Type S) 253 and a 2.56% increase over 2015. In March navigable Rhine tributary. body, later styled as traffiQ. VGF 265 cross under 2018 a new operational control centre The population is identifies 800 000 residents living the arch at came into use, located in converted growing,F with the 622 776 residents Frankfurt’s central within a traffic area which extends VGF premises in central Frankfurt. of 1990 rising to 736 222 by 2017. registry office on beyond city boundaries. It is part of Horse tram operations began in Expansion is partly through more Bethmannstrasse, Rhein Main Verkehrsverbund (RMV) the city in 1872, with the first electric intensive land use and a redeployment 31 July 2017. transport union and local services are services connecting Frankfurt with its of industrial areas. Concentrated Industry debates why UK is ‘behind the light rail curve’ presented as RMV Frankfurt. Created south-eastern neighbour, Offenbach employment opportunities and a in 1995, RMV’s ticketing structure am Main. This route broadly survives densely-populated hinterland lead to LuxTram launches wire-free section also encompasses tramways in nearby in today’s system. It now carries the public transport network handling urban rail developments. Darmstadt and Mainz. lines 15, 16 and 18 up to the city high levels of local and regional There are around half a million boundary, as denoted in the terminus, First Nigerian ‘light rail’ line opens commuter traffic. daily journeys on VGF’s three modes: Offenbach Grenze. Transport operator Verkehrs tram, Stadtbahn Like other tram ventures, the line Gesellschaft Frankfurt am Main (VGF) (designated U-Bahn ) US takes aim at China’s transit suppliers and buses, the latter including some became subject to a policy of civic was formed in 1996, part of city-owned incorporation that began in 1898, this £4.60 franchised routes. During 2016, trams Stadtwerke Frankfurt am Main 09> carried just under a third of a 185 668 Words and pictures also leading to a standardised 1435mm by Neil Pulling. gauge. Although amendments apply Butzweilerhof Łódź Surplus depot nds 9 771460 832067 344 / september 2018 A private funding www.tautonline.com. www.lrta.org success story in Köln valuable new role

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