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User Guide: Soil Parent Material 1 Kilometre Dataset
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NERC Open Research Archive User Guide: Soil Parent Material 1 kilometre dataset. Environmental Modelling Internal Report OR/14/025 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL Modelling INTERNAL REPORT OR/14/025 User Guide: Soil Parent Material 1 kilometre dataset. The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2012. Ordnance Survey Licence R. Lawley. No. 100021290. Keywords Contributor/editor Parent Material, Soil,UKSO. B. Rawlins. National Grid Reference SW corner 999999,999999 Centre point 999999,999999 NE corner 999999,999999 Map Sheet 999, 1:99 000 scale, Map name Front cover Soil Parent Material 1km dataset. Bibliographical reference LAWLEY., R. USER GUIDE: SOIL PARENT Material 1 Kilometre dataset. 2012. User Guide: Soil Parent Material 1km dataset.. British Geological Survey Internal Report, OR/14/025. 20pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, email [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2014. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2012 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. -
CARBONATE RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES Fundamental Rock
CARBONATE RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES Fundamental rock properties include texture, composition, sedimentary structures, taxonomic diversity, and depositional morphology. The last two properties are not commonly listed as “fundamental rock properties”in most texts but they are important attributes of sedimentary deposits that must be included in thorough reservoir studies. Fundamental rock properties provide the basis for defining lithofacies, or lithogenetic units that make up depositional reservoirs. Diagenetic and fractured reservoirs are simply altered versions of the original depositional version. The most reliable method for identifying these fundamental properties in carbonates is direct observation of cores or cuttings. Cores provide enough sample volume to determine sedimentary textures, grain types, sedimentary structures, and biota. Cuttings usually provide enough volume to determine mineralogy, grain types, and estimates of texture. Logs are not very helpful in identifying fundamental rock properties in carbonates. Facies types can be identified in siliciclastic sandstones by using the shape of the gamma ray and resistivity or, with older logs, the SP – resistivity log traces. When the paired traces outline a bell, a funnel, or a cylinder, the corresponding sandstone facies are assumed to be channel - fill, deltaic, or reworked sheet sands, respectively. Other “typecurves” are assumed to be indicators of other of sand – shale depositional successions. The underlying assumption is that the gamma ray, SP, and resistivity logs are sensitive to vertical changes in grain size. In fact, that assumption is false. The logs are not sensitive to grain size. The gamma ray tool measures natural radioactivity that issues from the K, Th, and U found in clay minerals that are commonly incorporated in shales and mudrocks. -
Generalized Pan-European Geological Database for Shallow Geothermal Installations
geosciences Article Generalized Pan-European Geological Database for Shallow Geothermal Installations Johannes Müller 1, Antonio Galgaro 2, Giorgia Dalla Santa 2, Matteo Cultrera 2, Constantine Karytsas 3, Dimitrios Mendrinos 3, Sebastian Pera 4, Rodolfo Perego 4, Nick O’Neill 5, Riccardo Pasquali 5, Jacques Vercruysse 6, Leonardo Rossi 7, Adriana Bernardi 8 and David Bertermann 1,* ID 1 GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; [email protected] 2 Department of Geosciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Via Gradenigo 635131 Padova, Italy; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.D.S.); [email protected] (M.C.) 3 Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving, 19th km Marathonos Ave, 19009 Pikermi Attiki, Greece; [email protected] (C.K.); [email protected] (D.M.) 4 SUPSI, Stabile Le Gerre, Manno 6928, Switzerland; [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (R.P.) 5 SLR Environmental Consulting (Ireland) Limited (SLR), 7 Dundrum Business Park, Windy Arbour 14, D14 N2Y7 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] (N.O.N.); [email protected] (R.P.) 6 GEO-GREEN sprl, Rue de Priesmont 63, 1495 Marbais, Belgium; [email protected] 7 Pietre Edil, Strada Slănic nr.2, 030242 Bucures, ti, Romania; [email protected] 8 CNR-ISAC, Corso Stati Uniti 435127 Padova, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-9131-85-25824 Received: 18 December 2017; Accepted: 17 January 2018; Published: 22 January 2018 Abstract: The relatively high installation costs for different types of shallow geothermal energy systems are obstacles that have lowered the impact of geothermal solutions in the renewable energy market. -
Cold Subduction and the Formation of Lawsonite Eclogite – Constraints from Prograde Evolution of Eclogitized Pillow Lava from Corsica
J. metamorphic Geol., 2010, 28, 381–395 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00870.x Cold subduction and the formation of lawsonite eclogite – constraints from prograde evolution of eclogitized pillow lava from Corsica E. J. K. RAVNA,1 T. B. ANDERSEN,2 L. JOLIVET3 AND C. DE CAPITANI4 1Department of Geology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway ([email protected]) 2Department of Geosciences and PGP, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway 3ISTO, UMR 6113, Universite´ dÕOrle´ans, 1A Rue de la Fe´rollerie, 45071 Orle´ans, Cedex 2, France 4Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, Universita¨t Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ABSTRACT A new discovery of lawsonite eclogite is presented from the Lancoˆne glaucophanites within the Schistes Lustre´ s nappe at De´ file´ du Lancoˆne in Alpine Corsica. The fine-grained eclogitized pillow lava and inter- pillow matrix are extremely fresh, showing very little evidence of retrograde alteration. Peak assemblages in both the massive pillows and weakly foliated inter-pillow matrix consist of zoned idiomorphic Mg-poor (<0.8 wt% MgO) garnet + omphacite + lawsonite + chlorite + titanite. A local overprint by the lower grade assemblage glaucophane + albite with partial resorption of omphacite and garnet is locally observed. Garnet porphyroblasts in the massive pillows are Mn rich, and show a regular prograde growth-type zoning with a Mn-rich core. In the inter-pillow matrix garnet is less manganiferous, and shows a mutual variation in Ca and Fe with Fe enrichment toward the rim. Some garnet from this rock type shows complex zoning patterns indicating a coalescence of several smaller crystallites. -
NBN EN 12670 : Natural Stone
ICS: 01.040.73; 01.040.91;; 73.020 91.100.15 Geregistreerde NBN EN 12670 Belgische norm 1e uitg., februari 2002 Normklasse : B 17 Natuursteen - Terminologie Pierre naturelle - Terminologie Natural stone - Terminology Toelating tot publicatie : 12 februari 2002 Deze Europese norm EN 12670 : 2001 heeft de status van een Belgische norm. Deze Europese norm bestaat in drie officiële versies (Duits, Engels, Frans). Belgisch instituut voor normalisatie (BIN) , vereniging zonder winstoogmerk Brabançonnelaan 29 - 1000 BRUSSEL - telefoon: 02 738 01 12 - fax: 02 733 42 64 e-mail: [email protected] - BIN Online: www.bin.be - prk. 000-0063310-66 © BIN 2002 Prijsgroep : 21 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12670 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2001 ICS 01.040.73; 01.040.91; 73.020; 91.100.15 English version Natural stone - Terminology Pierre naturelle - Terminologie Naturstein - Terminologie This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 October 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. -
Africa Soil Profiles Database Version 1.1
Africa Soil Profiles Database Version 1.1 A compilation of georeferenced and standardised legacy soil profile data for Sub-Saharan Africa (with dataset) ISRIC Report 2013/03 ISRIC – World Soil Information has a mandate to serve the international community as custodian of global soil information and to increase awareness and understanding of soils in major global issues. More information: www.isric.org J.G.B. Leenaars ISRIC – World soil Information has a strategic association with Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) Africa Soil Profiles Database Version 1.1 A compilation of georeferenced and standardised legacy soil profile data for Sub-Saharan Africa (with dataset) J.G.B. Leenaars ISRIC Report 2013/03 Wageningen, 2013 © 2013, ISRIC – World Soil Information, Wageningen, Netherlands All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination for educational or non-commercial purposes are permitted without any prior written permission provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of materials for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from ISRIC. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Director, ISRIC – World Soil Information PO B0X 353 6700 AJ Wageningen The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] The designations employed and the presentation of materials do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ISRIC concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Despite the fact that this publication is created with utmost care, the authors(s) and/or publisher(s) and/or ISRIC cannot be held liable for any damage caused by the use of this publication or any content therein in whatever form, whether or not caused by possible errors or faults nor for any consequences thereof. -
Oregon Geologic Digital Compilation Rules for Lithology Merge Information Entry
State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Vicki S. McConnell, State Geologist OREGON GEOLOGIC DIGITAL COMPILATION RULES FOR LITHOLOGY MERGE INFORMATION ENTRY G E O L O G Y F A N O D T N M I E N M E T R R A A L P I E N D D U N S O T G R E I R E S O 1937 2006 Revisions: Feburary 2, 2005 January 1, 2006 NOTICE The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries is publishing this paper because the infor- mation furthers the mission of the Department. To facilitate timely distribution of the information, this report is published as received from the authors and has not been edited to our usual standards. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Oregon Geologic Digital Compilation Published in conformance with ORS 516.030 For copies of this publication or other information about Oregon’s geology and natural resources, contact: Nature of the Northwest Information Center 800 NE Oregon Street #5 Portland, Oregon 97232 (971) 673-1555 http://www.naturenw.org Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries - Oregon Geologic Digital Compilation i RULES FOR LITHOLOGY MERGE INFORMATION ENTRY The lithology merge unit contains 5 parts, separated by periods: Major characteristic.Lithology.Layering.Crystals/Grains.Engineering Lithology Merge Unit label (Lith_Mrg_U field in GIS polygon file): major_characteristic.LITHOLOGY.Layering.Crystals/Grains.Engineering major characteristic - lower case, places the unit into a general category .LITHOLOGY - in upper case, generally the compositional/common chemical lithologic name(s) -
A Systematic Nomenclature for Metamorphic Rocks
A systematic nomenclature for metamorphic rocks: 1. HOW TO NAME A METAMORPHIC ROCK Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: Web version 1/4/04. Rolf Schmid1, Douglas Fettes2, Ben Harte3, Eleutheria Davis4, Jacqueline Desmons5, Hans- Joachim Meyer-Marsilius† and Jaakko Siivola6 1 Institut für Mineralogie und Petrographie, ETH-Centre, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland, [email protected] 2 British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, [email protected] 3 Grant Institute of Geology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, [email protected] 4 Patission 339A, 11144 Athens, Greece 5 3, rue de Houdemont 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France, [email protected] 6 Tasakalliontie 12c, 02760 Espoo, Finland ABSTRACT The usage of some common terms in metamorphic petrology has developed differently in different countries and a range of specialised rock names have been applied locally. The Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks (SCMR) aims to provide systematic schemes for terminology and rock definitions that are widely acceptable and suitable for international use. This first paper explains the basic classification scheme for common metamorphic rocks proposed by the SCMR, and lays out the general principles which were used by the SCMR when defining terms for metamorphic rocks, their features, conditions of formation and processes. Subsequent papers discuss and present more detailed terminology for particular metamorphic rock groups and processes. The SCMR recognises the very wide usage of some rock names (for example, amphibolite, marble, hornfels) and the existence of many name sets related to specific types of metamorphism (for example, high P/T rocks, migmatites, impactites). -
Chapter 5. the Eclogite Engine
Chapter 5 The eclogite engine The World's great age begins anew, being recognized that large blocks of eclogite in The golden years return, the mantle may be an important fertility source. Delaminated continental crust differs in many The Earth doth like a snake renew important respects from recycled MORB. It does Her winter weeds outgrown not go through subduction zone and seafloor pro Shelley cessing, it starts out hotter than MORB, it may occur in bigger blobs, and it is not accompanied by the same amount, if any, of buoyant infer The water cycle drives geological processes at tile harzburgite. Figure 5.1 illustrates the lower the surface. TI1e fact that water coexists as fluid, crust delamination cycle. The crust thickens by vapor and solid is crucial in shaping the Earth's tectonic or igneous processes, eventually forming surface. The fact that conditions in the upper dense eclogite that detaches and sinks into the mantle can readily convert eclogite to magma to mantle. It reaches a level of neutral buoyancy and basalt, and back, with enormous density changes, starts to warm up. Eventually it rises and forms a is crucial in global magmatism and tectonics. warm fertile patch in the mantle. If the overlying Phase changes in the mafic components of the continents have moved off, a midplate magmatic upper mantle are larger than thermal expansion province is the result. effects and they drive the eclogite engine. Thermal expansion is the main source of There are several ways to generate massive buoyancy in thermal convection of simple flu melting in the mantle; one is to bring hot mate ids. -
What We Know About Subduction Zones from the Metamorphic Rock Record
What we know about subduction zones from the metamorphic rock record Sarah Penniston-Dorland University of Maryland Subduction zones are complex We can learn a lot about processes occurring within active subduction zones by analysis of metamorphic rocks exhumed from ancient subduction zones Accreonary prism • Rocks are exhumed from a wide range of different parts of subduction zones. • Exhumed rocks from fossil subduction zones tell us about materials, conditions and processes within subduction zones • They provide complementary information to observations from active subduction systems Tatsumi, 2005 The subduction interface is more complex than we usually draw Mélange (Bebout, and Penniston-Dorland, 2015) Information from exhumed metamorphic rocks 1. Thermal structure The minerals in exhumed rocks of the subducted slab provide information about the thermal structure of subduction zones. 2. Fluids Metamorphism generates fluids. Fossil subduction zones preserve records of fluid-related processes. 3. Rheology and deformation Rocks from fossil subduction zones record deformation histories and provide information about the nature of the interface and the physical properties of rocks at the interface. 4. Geochemical cycling Metamorphism of the subducting slab plays a key role in the cycling of various elements through subduction zones. Thermal structure Equilibrium Thermodynamics provides the basis for estimating P-T conditions using mineral assemblages and compositions Systems act to minimize Gibbs Free Energy (chemical potential energy) Metamorphic facies and tectonic environment SubduconSubducon zone metamorphism zone metamorphism Regional metamorphism during collision Mid-ocean ridge metamorphism Contact metamorphism around plutons Determining P-T conditions from metamorphic rocks Assumption of chemical equilibrium Classic thermobarometry Based on equilibrium reactions for minerals in rocks, uses the compositions of those minerals and their thermodynamic properties e.g. -
Petrology and Provenance of the Siluro-Devonian (Old Red Sandstone Facies) Sedimentary Rocks of the Midland Valley, Scotland
Petrology and provenance of the Siluro-Devonian (Old Red Sandstone facies) sedimentary rocks of the Midland Valley, Scotland Geology and Landscape Northern Britain Programme Internal Report IR/07/040 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE NORTHERN BRITAIN PROGRAMME INTERNAL REPORT IR/07/040 Petrology and provenance of the Siluro-Devonian (Old Red Sandstone facies) sedimentary The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the rocks of the Midland Valley, Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/2005. Scotland Keywords Provenance; petrography; Emrys Phillips Silurian and Devonian sandstones; Midland Valley; Scotland. Bibliographical reference Contributors: Richard A Smith and Michael A E Browne E.R. PHILLIPS. 2007. Petrology and provenance of the Siluro- Devonian (Old Red Sandstone facies) sedimentary rocks of the Midland Valley, Scotland. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/07/040. 65pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2007. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2007 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS British Geological Survey offices Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG The London Information Office also maintains a reference 0115-936 3241 Fax 0115-936 3488 collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation. -
Classification of Metamorphosed Clastic Sedimentary Rocks: a Proposal
B. Contributed Papers - Northern Saskatchewan Geological Survey 87 88 Summary of Investigations 1999, Volume l Classification of Metamorphosed Clastic Sedimentary Rocks: A Proposal Ralf 0. Maxeiner. Chris F. Gilboy. and Gary M Yeo Maxeiner. R.0. Gilboy, C.f., and Yeo. G.M. ( 1999): Classification.of m.etamorp~osed elastic sc?iment~I)' rocks: A proposal; in Summary of Invt:stigations J 999. Volume I. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sask. Energy Mmes, Misc. Rep. 99-4. 1. l . Introduction classification diagrams is the rock fragment content, which is unlikely to be preserved at higher As pointed out by Gilboy ( 1982), lack of conformity in metamorphic grades. At such grades, composition naming metamorphic rocks derived from elastic alone provides no guide to the original rock fragment sediments commonly causes problems with clear content. Consequently, at medium to high communication of geological facts and hinders metamorphic grades, an arkose as defined by Pettijohn attempts at lithologic correlation. et al. ( 1973) is indistinguishable from an 'arkosic arenite' or a 'lithic' arenite. Similarly, a Most geologists working in unmetamorphosed metamorphosed 'arkosic wacke' cannot be sedimentary basins use elastic sedimentary rock distinguished from a ' lithic greywacke'. classification systems that are based on a combination of grain size, rock fragment content, and mineral The problem of classifying metamorphosed composition (e.g. Dott, 1964; Young, 1967; Folk, sedimentary rocks is not new. Tyrell ( 1921) used the 1968; Pettijohn et al.. 1973). Recrystallization during term pelite as the metamorphic derivative of fine metamorphism changes these parameters, especially grained sedimentary rock such as siltstone or grain size and rock fragment content, and therefore mudstone, and psammite as the metamorphic renders such classification diagrams of limited use for derivative of a sandstone.