Volume 29:1 1999 Box 220 Holme Building Pnnt Post Regulations No: PP24359/00 114 University of Sydney 2006 ISSN 0156-9295 Secrerary: phone/fax (+61.2) or (02) 9558 6618
sections of the SouthEast Transit Busway project corridor. Funher excavation work is to QUEENSLANDNEWS occur in 1999.
Moreton Freezing Works (Thomas Settlement of South Brisbane commenced Borthwick and Sons) durin o the Moreton Bay penal era (1824-1842). Much:::> ofthe natural vegetation was cleared in In December 1998 Ann Wallin and Associates the late 1820's to grow grain and other conducted a heritage study on the former cultivated crops, leading to a number of Bonhwicks' meatworks at Murarrie on the conftontations with local Aborigines. This Brisbane River. The facility operated between cultivation ceased around 1830. 1911 and 1981. Over the years fife and vandalism have extensively damaged the Timber was hauled along tracks to the South remaining buildings. The brief sought site Brisbane riverbank for transpon via ship to recording prior to re-development. Sydney. In 1842 thirty-six allotments of land Investigation centred on the surviving original in South Brisbane were sold in the first land fabric: the Boiler House, Engine Room sales held in Sydney. Shrewd investors noted (established on high masonry foundations as its potential as being the first point of contact protection from floodwaters), Engineering for visitors from Ipswich and the Downs. The workshop, Tallow House and tallow storage wharves along Stanley Quay were the sheds, remnants ofthe original Beef Kill Floor, commercial hub of Brisbane settlement in the and a timber wharf. 1840s and by 1850 five wharves on Stanley Quay handled 80% oflocal trade. A former Borthwicks' employee, retired engineer Jim Cunningham, explained the The region's importance grew with increasing processing systems of the plant to the residential development during the 1860s. In consultants, enabling the surviving fabric to be the 1870s and 80s, Stanley Street remained the understood in an histo~ical and technological main thoroughfare in South Brisbane. A context. This stimulating, if at times macabre, number of imposing buildings were erected project identified and recorded the original along it: Graham's Hotel, the Royal Mall, the process and subsequent evolutionary Plough Inn. The imposing Town Hall was adaptations to the changing teclmological erected in 1892, joining the Stephens' environment. A draft repon has been submitted mansion 'Cumbooquepa' (now Somerville to the client and the Depanment of House School) on the Vulture Street ridgeline Envirorunent and Heritage. overlooking the river.
GeolfGinn, Ann Wallin and Associates Major impacts on the study area have occurred since the turn of the century as a result of South Brisbane Test Excavations (South railway construction. Towards East Transit Project) Woolloongabba, the construction of the Southeast Freeway from 1974 cut through the In 1997 Queensland Transpon undenook to historic Stanley Street precinct. Recently Expo improve urban transpon links by creating a 88, [he convention centre and continuing work South East Busway from the Brisbane COB to at South Bank have all impacted upon the the Gateway Motorway through to Logan City. region. The initial Cultural Heritage assessment ofthe proposed route identified significant areas Historical research sought to pin-point sites of which could be impacted upon by the project. potential archaeological interest. Research focused on places of historical industrial Salvage excavation work commenced in activity, early non-indigenous habitation sites November 1998 in South Brisbane along and areas ofhigh refuse deposition which are to
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 PAGE 2
be affectedby the Busway. Examples include During a preliminary survey Gordon Grimwade blacksmith's premises, bottle manufacturers, spent a day underground examining some of early (l840s) hut sites, and known rubbish the 1930s drives and early shafts. The project dumps. is being undertaken by Wallin & Grimwade Heritage Services in conjunction with Peter Research has highlighted the paucity of Bell of Historical Research Pty Ltd and Austral archaeological research within South Brisbane Archaeology. despite the construction and earthmoving works that is occurring there at present. The Gordon Grimwade district provides opportunity for improving understanding ofthe mobility of industrial and commercial centres, the establishment of WESTERNAUSTRALIANEWS worker's housing within South Brisbane, and transport infrastructure development to and French explorers: Saint Alouam. In November from the western regions. The current project 1998 the bottle discovered earlier in the year at hopes to document evidence of development Dirk Hanog Island was fmally opened. CT that has occurred within South Brisbane. scans had confirmed that there was a quantiry of sand in the bottle and also revealed the Several sample points have been selected for presence ofa 'scroll-type' object with a densiry excavation and sections of the South East indicating an organic material just protruding Transit (Busway) project corridor will be from the surface ofthe sand. monitored to ensure proper recording and identification ofarchaeological remains. Preparations were made to remove the lead capsule from the bottle. A piece of lead from The excavation should help determine the Cook's Endeavour served as a test sample to stratigraphic histoty of fill deposited in the judge the effectof heat on the lead. The iron area, and by inter-site comparison with wire holding the cap in place was cracked at excavations carried out by the Queensland one point and was easily removed. The cap Museum in December 1995, contribute was gently heated with a domestic hair dryer to towards better understanding site formation and make is more malleable and it was gently depositional processes in the South Brisbane prized offthe neck ofthe bottle. A silver coin region. a French ecu with the date 1767-was firmly held in the top ofthe capsule. An in-situ cork Geoff Ginn and Suzanna Pembroke, Ann was gently removed and showed signs of insect Wallin and Associates attack on the inner surface. The inside of the bottle was then examined. Green Hill Fort, Thursday Island The procedure adopted was a 'first' for the Green Hill Fort, Thursday Island is to have a Western Australian Museum Conservation $1/2 million face-lift. The Torres Strait Laboratory and aroused much interest. With historical Society was successful in its bid for the assistance of Chris Papadopulos and funding from the Federation Grants medical technicians from the Stryker Division, Programme. A major proportion of the money Stubber Medical Ply Ltd, and local surgeon, will go towards conservation works. An Dr Simon Turner, the operative procedure integral part of that work will be archaeological involved the examination of the inside of the investigation of the interior and mapping of the bottle using a fine cystoscope. This was former barbed wire barricades, fOr! and external connected via a digitally enhanced camera to a VCR unit, a Toshiba PC computer and colour gun emplacements. The fort was built in 1891 video printer. The invited audience was able - 1893. It was established as part of a network to watch the procedure on the video screen and of fortifications built around the continent at images could be captured using Medimage that time. Image Capture software as required.
Mount Isa Mines Heritage Study Unfortunately, the scroll-type object was not the annexation parchment we had hoped for, Mount Isa Mines is undertaking a survey of but rather a small section of tree root. historical heritage places within its Mount Isa Examination ofthe sand deposit under a high lease. The copper smelter, the Urqhart powered microscope failed to identify any headframe, Davidson and Lawlor shafts, senior organic material ofaparchment or paper nature. staff housing, barracks and track hopper are However, there were chitin remains, a few among some ofthe areas of interest. In addition 'spore' type objects and a small number of to above ground heritage it is proposed to pollen grains. Pollen analysis was carried out undertake some sub-surface documentation.
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 PAGE 3 on one sample by Professor John Dodson of Print, 40 Short Street, Perth, Western the Department of Geography, University of Australia 6000. HB c. A$80.00. Western Australia, and nine species of plants were identified which may be compared with Myra Stanbury Dampier and Phillip Parker King's accounts of Western Australian Maritime Museum the vegetation on Dirk Hartog Island prior to and soon after Saint Alouarn's visit.Surface deposits of orange matter from the cork, coin New WA Publications and lip ofthe bonle have been examined using Available from: Western Australian Maritime scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Museum Bookshop Cliff Street, Fremantle WA 6160 All three samples contain cinnabar (HgS) 618943188454 FAX: 61894305120 which was most likely the pigment used in a Email: [email protected] wax seal, the same element being identified in a block of sealing wax recovered from the Green, J., Stanbury, M. and Gaastra, F. (eds.), wreck of HMS Pandora. The fact that these 1998, The ANCODS Colloquium. Papers small deposits are the only remnants of a preseneed at the Australia-Netherlands possible seal may be explained by the fact that Colloquium on Maritime Archaeology and wax-eating moths could have penetrated the Maritime History. Special Publication No.3, gaps in the lead capsule and had a good feed on Australian National Centre of Excellence for the wax seal covering the cork (Terry Houston, Maritime Archaeology, Fremantle, WA. ISBN WA Dept. Etymology, 1998, pers. comm.). I 876465 00 X. RRP $23.95 (Australian) per
Certainly J there is evidence to suggest that copy. organisms have penetrated the bonle and likely Postage within Western Australia $5.00 other devoured whatever organic material was States $6.50 Overseas Air ·AUD$ 13.50 inside.The issue of how many bonles may Economy $10.50 Sea $9.50 have been left, and whether there is yet another (possibly containing the elusive annexation Green, J., Devendra, S. and Parthesius, R., document) still to be found is still (eds), 1998, Report for the Sri Lanka questionable. However, my recent researches in Deportment of Archoeology. Galle Harbour France and London indicate that the placement Project /996-/997. Archoeology, History, of bottles or stone markers was a common Conservation, Training. Australian National method ofidentifying newly claimed lands and Centre ofExcellence for Maritime Archaeology was a common practice among English and Special Publication No.4. ISBN 1 876465 06 French explorers. Indeed, James Cook must 9. 68 pp. maps, B&W ill. have sent almost as many bonles ashore with Maundy, silver, two-penny pieces dated 1772 Gilroy, D. and Godfrey, I., 1998, and annexation documents inside them as his Conservation and care of collections. French counterparts! For those interested in Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA. searching for Cook's bottles the various RRP A$34.95 (+ postage-645 g-and handling). locations are given in le. Beaglehole's The Journals of Captain James Cook on his Henderson, J., 1999, Sent forth a dove. voyages of discovery.Perhaps some of Cook's Discovery of the Duyfken. University of bottles have already been located? Or even Western Australia Press, Nedlands, WA. those left by Bougainville? If so, I would be ISBN 1 876268 24 7; ISBN I 876268 25 5 interested in knowing of their present (pbk.). xiv + 218 pp. maps, col. and B&W whereabouts for comparison with the Dirk ill. Appx. HB A$45.00. PB A$34.95 (+ Hartog find. postage and handling).
Prof. Leslie R. Marchant of the University of AlMA Bulletin, 1998, Volume 22 is now Notre Dame, Fremantle, has just reprinted his available and contains the papers from the 1997 book 'France Australe. The French search for AlMA 17th International Maritime the Southland and subsequent explorations Archaeology Conference The Maritime and plans to found a penal colony and Archaeology ofLong Distance Voyaging, held strategic base in south western Australia as part ofIndian Ocean Week, Fremantle at the /503-1826 with colour illustrations and WA Maritime Museum, FremanUe 6-12 explanatory maps'. In this 1998 publication, September. ISSN 0813-2801 RRP A$ 28.00 many ofthe black and white illustrations of the (+ postage-600 g). Orders to AlMA earlier 1982 edition are reproduced in colour, Publications c/- WA Maritime Museum, Cliff but there appear otherwise to be only minimal Street, Fremantle WA 6160. revisions to the original text. ISBN 0 9588487-1-8. Published by Scon Four Colour
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 PAGE 4
Environment and Heritage, The postal address Forthcoming Conference,_ WA and phone/fax numbers have changed too The Indian Ocean Fisheries Conference AHC GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601, ph Past, Present, and Future. 02 6274 1111, fax 02 62742095, Please note that this conference has been relocated to 8, 9 and 10 November 1999 Richard Morrison because the Fremanlle City Council has moved Australian Heritage Commission Indian Ocean Week from September to November, this after the conference was planned around Indian Ocean Week - one of TASMANIANNEWS life's little hiccups' The conference will be held at the WA Maritime Museum in a hired Just a short note on some historical heritage marquee on the new front lawn-the replacement activities which are happening in Tasmania: for the Duyjken, the 'little dove' that has flown its nest ofthe past two years. The conference Jane Bovill is in the process ofcataloguing the will precede the Fisheries WA conferencefrom artefact collection located in Twilight Tam 11-17 November 1999 at the Esplanade Hotel, Hut in Mount Field National Park for the Fremantle. A conference focussing upon Parks and Wildlife Service. Dr. Susan international seafood processing (1-2 days) is Lawrence ofLaTrobe University is running an yet to be confirmed. excavation on a historic whaling site located on the Forester Peninsula. Austral Archaeology Sally May, Conlerence convenor with Ian Terry are working on a Conservation WA Maritime Museum, CliffStreet Plan ofQueens Domain, Hobart; they are also Fremantle WA 6160 about to commence a survey ofAdamsfield Email: [email protected] Township for the Parks and Wildlife Service will be carrying out a; a heritage survey ofthe abt railway on Tasmania's West Coast will ACT NEWS probably also be occurring in the next few months; and the Cultural Heritage Branch of There has been little historical archaeological the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service have activity in the ACT since last reported here, recently opened a web site: however, there are some heritage matters that http://www.parks.tas.gov.aulhisther.html may be of interest to ASHA members These notes were put together at shon notice; primarily related to the activities of the ifthere is anyone I did not mention, please let Australian Heritage Commission. So at the me know what you are doing and I will get risk of making this column seem like an AHC you into the next edition. column - Michael Jones Australian Heritage Commission Email:
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 PAGES
During 1998 Barry McGowan and others cost is $62.60 including postage for Australia undertook some mining heritage work in New and New Zealand. South Wales A conservation and heritage overview ofthe Araluen, Bell's Creek and And finally could contributors please submit Major's Creek goldfields in the Braidwood area information in rich text format (nf"). Thanks. was submitted to the Lower South Coast Catchment Management Committee in August Jennie Lindbergh 1998. The project took 12 months to complete and involved the identification and recording of Lake Innes 1999 all historic mining sites on these goldfields, together with an assessment oftheir potential The Lake Innes Archaeological Research environmental degradation. Steps to undenake Project, which commenced in 1993 and has major rehabilitation works on some sites are been run every subsequent year except 1996, currently in train. will continue this year. As before, it will be directed by myself. Formerly confined to A post contact heritage conservation and surface work involving search and survey, manaoement plan ofthe Yalwal goldfield, near planning, elevation-drawing, photography, Nowra was submitted by Barry McGowan and recording and analysis, it will this year move Brendan O'Keefe to the Shoalhaven City on to a three-season programme of research Council in December 1998. The project excavation, that will be undenaken in 1999, included the provision ofa history ofthe 2000, and 200 I. Substantial funding has now Yalwal goldfields, an inventory ofitems of been obtained from the Australian Research non-Aboriginal culture, and recommendations Council, of the Commonwealth Government, on the public presentation ofthese items. Steps to finance this project. are currently in train to introduce measures to protectthe Yalwal goldfield from funher Lake Innes is just to the south of Pon environmental degradation and to develop the Macquarie, in nonhern New South Wales, and area for a more controlled, and interpretative is an extensive historic site and nature reserve visitor access. owned by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. It is best known An assessment manual to assist in the for the substantial brick ruins of a house and stables built by Major Archibald Clunes Innes recording analvsis and heritage assessment of (after whom Glen Innes was named) in the mining heritaoe places was submined by Bmy 1830s and1840s, but associated with the main McGowan and Dr. Michael Pearson to the site are various others including those of Australian Council of National Trusts. The workers' cottages, a servants' village, several project was funded under the 1996-97 National claypits and brickmaking locations, a home Estates Grants Program. The manual includes farm, a boathouse, a corduroy road, and a guide to the recording, analysis and possibly some still unidentified. In shon, the assessment ofmining heritage places, a guide whole complex ofsites provides an exceptional to filling in heritage register fonns, a selective opportunity to investigate dominance and bibliography on published sources, a guide to servitude in an early colonial rural setting at common mining terminology, and model type the limits of settlement. Referenceto Connah, profiles for mining places. This manual should G. 1997. The archaeology of Lake Innes be ofconsiderable use to the growing body of House: investigating the visible evidence 1993 professional and non-professional persons 1995, for NSW NPWS, and to Connah, G. working in this area. 1998. 'The archaeology of frustrated ambition: an Australian case-study'. Historical In December 1998 the papers from the Founh Archaeology 32(2): 7-27, will provide some Women in Archaeoloav Conference background to this research project. RedefiningArchaeology: Feminist Perspectives were finally published. Mary Casey, Denise Although planning is still at an early stage, the Donlon, Jeanette Hope and Sharon Wellfare intention is to excavate from 7 August to 4 were the editors, and there are 35 papers in the September and to conduct initial analysis work volume, with five directly related to Historical ofexcavated materials from 5 September to 19 Archaeology. Authors include Suzanne September. I am currently putting together a Spencer-Wood, Linda Young, Susan volunteer workforce which will be limited to Lawrence, Jane Lydon, Janet Spectre, Ian 30 people. First preferencewill be given to Hodder, Laurajane Smith, Lynn Meskell and those who have worked on the Lake Innes Anne Clark. Ifyou wish to purchase a copy of Project in previous years, and I will undertake the volume please contact ANH Publications, to pay their accommodation costs during the RSPAS, The Australian National University, time that they are present, although they will PO Box, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. The have to meet their own food and transpon
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 PAGE6 costs. I would urge all these 'Associates of Lake Innes Archaeology', as they have now 1. Research Notes named themselves, to contact Paul Rheinberger, 21 Macquarie Grove, Caves Clay Pipes: Request for Information Beach, NSW 2281, Tele 02 4972 1138, Fax David Higgins of 3 Clarendon Road, 02 4972 1474, E-Mail: Wallasey, Merseyside, L44 8EH, UK
2. Other Conference Notes The next ASHA Conference will be held Visions of Future Landscapes Canberra 2-5 between 30 September and 5 October 1999 at Mav 1999, the old goldmining town of Bendigo, Victoria. Australian Academy of Sciences Fenner Contacts: Leah McKenzie or Fiona Weaver. Conference on the Environment. The < [email protected]> Conference is to assess existing policies and
ASHA Newsletter 29_1 1999 PAGE7
programs on the environment and 'create have an educational value because of its sound visions ofdesired future landscapes that satisfY scholarship. [t is useful to think ofthe readers ecological, economic, aesthetic and cultural as being high-school students, their parents aspirations'. and teachers. It is also useful to bear in mind Contact: Janet Matthews, Bureau of Rural that many of the readers will have settled in Sciences, PO Box Ell, Kingston ACT 2604. Australia only since the 1950s and feel very Fax: +61.2.6272 5050. Email little connection to Federation. For this reason
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 PAGES
3. Editorial Committee. At the moment the selection of images will be made by end Committee and the division of topics is as October 1999, and the final (edited) text is to follows: be delivered to the publishers in February Prof. David Carment, Northern Territory 2000, for publication by December 2000. University, northern and central Australia; We'll keep you up to date with progress Prof. Graham Connah, formerly of the throughout the year. University ofNew England, rural Australia; Dr Aedeen Cremin, University of Sydney, 9. Launch. There will probably be two industrial archaeology; launches, one when the book is finished Dr Brian Egloff, University of Canberra, (December2000), probably in Sydney as the Aboriginal and 'contact' material; Commonwealth was declared there, and one Dr Ruth Kerr, Qld Department of Mines and during the ASHA Conference in Canberra in Energy, mining and other economic issues; October 200 1. Dr Susan Lawrence of La Trobe University, social and settlement archaeology; Excellent news about 200 I is that the Mark Staniforth of Flinders University, University of Canberra's Cultural Heritage maritime and coastal material; Management School will be working closely Dr Linda Young, University of Canberra, with ASHA on the Conference. Brian Egloff material culture and household archaeology. and Linda Young are also on the Editorial Committee. Many thanks in advance to both 4. Format: Each chapter will have the same ofthem and to the University ofCanberra. format. i.e.,an introductory text outlining the theme and its significance; a 'fact box' (e.g. We look forward to hearing from you very statistics, relevance of Federation); a location soon. No contribution is too small -- on the map (the work has to cover all parts of contrary, small is beautiful, and the more Australia); and finally the main deal, a personal the better. So please, think lavishly-illustrated sets of 'features', done as Federation, think ASHA, think great pictures double-page spreads. - and send them to us!
5. Presentation: To give faces to the material Aedeen Cremin culture, it would be good within each chapter Universiry ofSydney to highlight some person, household, family, or group. Both images and text must be easy to understand and we must endeavour to translate our artefacts/placesinto people terms. FORTHCOMINGNEWSLETTERS Please try to avoid showing scales or artefact numbers: they detract from the image and are usually not precise enough to be useful. The ASHA Newsletter is produced quarterly Details of dimensions, fabric, museum/archive with the assistance of guest editors. The 1999 number etc, will not be given in the captions guest editors are: but in a referencesection at the back, along June Rick McGovern-Wilson (NZ) with a chronology, glossary, bibliography and September Ross Gam (NSW) index. December Susan Lawrence (VIC)
6. Copyright: All contributors will be In order to facilitate a more efficientnewsletter appropriately acknowledged. All images will production, all contributions should be remain in the copyright of the forwarded to the e-mail address of your state artist/photographer, while the book itself will rep by the second week of the month prior to be copyrighted to ASHA. circulation. See the last page ofthe Newsletter for contact details. 7. Payment: Our grant includes a sum of The guest editors are asked to finalise the $9000 to coverthe cost of images @ $50 per newsletter in the third week of the month prior image, to be paid by end 1999. This will to circulation. Final copy must reach the cover only those images that are selected for General Editorial Team, (Aedeen Cremin, lain publication, so please do not incur unnecessary Stuart, Andrew Wilson), by the final week of expenses, i.e. send photocopies rather than the month prior to circulation. originals or duplicates. We very much regret that there is no possibility ofremuneration for This is your newsletter and your contributions contributors or editors, though we should be are vital. Please check deadlines diligently. able to cover expenses such as postage. Your efficiency will be greatly appreciated. 1 look forward to your forthcoming news of events. 8. Schedule: We shall need preliminary images and captions by I July 1999. The final General Editor
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 PAGE 9
Farewell to our general editor - and KINCHEGA ARCHAEOLOGICAL many thanks RESEARCH PROJECT Noeleen Curran has stepped down from her position of general editor of the Newsletter. The Kinchega Archaeological Research Project The ASHA committee and the Newsletter is investigating the archaeology and history of contributors take this opportunity to thank her the homestead ofthe Kinchega pastoral station, very warmly for all the hard work she put into in the west Darling Region (c. 100Ian from the editorship and to wish her all the very best Broken Hill, NSW). This homestead complex in her new position. was built c. 1875 on the banks ofthe Darling A new general editor will be sought at the River and abandoned in 1955. Its remains, AGM. Aedeen Cremin, lain Stuart, Andrew therefore, document the history ofpastoral life Wilson will fill in umil then. for some 80 years. Since 1967, these remains have been part ofthe Kinchega National Park. 1998/99 ASHA Committee From 2 to 23 May 1999 this project plans to President: Aedeen Cremin fieldwork at this site including surveying the Vice Presidents: SusanLawrence homestead area, excavation or residential Neville Ritchie buildings and artefact study, particularly ofthe Treasurer: GeoffSvenson homestead' 5 refuse areas. Secretary: Rowan Ward Committee: Graham Connah NoeleenCurran Volunteers are required - preferably with Jennie Lindbergh experience in the areas of surveying, LeahMcKenzie excavation, archaeological planning, analysis of TerrenceMoore historical artefacts and data entry. Subsistence Paul Rheinberger and travel costs of suitably experienced Andrew Wilson participants provided. Please send details of Anna Wong experience (including driving and cooking) to:
Dr Penelope Allison, Archaeology A14, University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006 fax: 02-9351-6392; tel: 02-9351-2880 Email:
.'
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 .No, (10 Ir~ glliwr ..-... WOU I.Il 'N6.(1) :10 LooJ(,.
Peter Beven's sketch plan ofKinchega Homestead layout during I940s, with location ofpre-1870 homestead as indicated by E. Gwynne Hughes. Step into the worl~ ~~
Historical Archaeology ..
pho({; by SUA ,\'km1.m; Rllhcrr L 1Jom.:!!!'
CD·ROM (PC) Vols. 1-23 of Historical ",,',~~ .. Archaeology £f6: only 899 + s/h.
SOCIETYjOr HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY ASHA PUBLICATIONS
Australasian Historical Archaeology Members Non-members Volume I out ofprint Volumes 2- 13 10.00 each 12.00 each Volume 14 (1996) 18.00 22.00 Volume 15 (1997 118.00 122.00 Major Publications Birmingham, J., D. Bairstow, & A. Wilson (eds) $26.00 Archaeology and Colonisation: Australia in the World Context, Papers from the Seventh Annual ASHA COIiference. Birmingham, J. $36.00 Wybalenna: The Archaeology ofCultural Accommodation in Nineteenth-Century Tasmania. Lawrence, S. & M. Staniforth (eds) $40.00 The Archaeology of Whaling ill Southern Australia and New Zealand. Rogers, B. $12.50 Nineteenth Century Salt Manufacturing Sites in Tasmania. Occasional Papers Maureen Byrne, Ross Bridge, Tasmania. $6.00 each Eleanor Crosby: Survey anil excavations at Fort Dundas, Melville Island, NT. M~dorie Graham: Printed Ceramics in Australia. R.V~J. Varman: The Marseilles or French Pat/em Tile in Australia.
Posta~e and packing in Australia: Postage and packing overseas (surface mail): Journals - CTccasional Papers add $4.00 per item journals - OccasionafPap,ers add $5.00 per item Major publications add $6.50 per item Major publications aad $15.00 per item
ASHA CONTACTS
ACT Richard Morrison ph: 0262172133 c/AHC, GPO Box 787, Canberra 2601 lax: 02 6217 2095 e-mail: [email protected] NSW Jennie Lindbergh ph: 02 9698 2417 23 Thomas Street, Darlington, NSW, 2008 e-mail:[email protected] NZ Neville Ritchie ph: 0011 64 838 3363 Dept of Conservation, Private Bag 3072, e-mail: [email protected] Hamilton, NZ NT ph: 07 4095 3737 QLD Gordon Grimwade lax: 0740952117 PO Box 9, Yungaburra, QLD, 4872 e-mail: [email protected] SA Mark Staniforth ph: 08 82015195 School of Cultural Studie~ Flinders University lax: 08 8201 3845 PO Box 2100, Adelaide, ",A 5001 e-mail:[email protected] TAS Michael Jones email
Editor this issue: Ross Gam General Editorial Team, Aedeen Cremin, lain Sluart, Andrew Wilson
ASHA Newsletter 29.1 1999 NEWSLETTER Volume 29:2 1999 Box 220 Holme Building Pnn1PoslRegulations No: PP243591OO114 University of Sydney 2006 ISSN 0156-9295 Secretal)': pooDe/fax (+61.2) or (02) 95586618
THE STATE OF THEART Central Otago NEW ZEALAND NEWS During ~ch 1999 a series oflarge scrub and Culture Contact in Cook Strait grass fires broke out around the Central Otago town ofAlexandra. Farmed by ga1e-force north Ian Smith and a team from Otago University west winds a large area of fium land was and Te Papa Tongarewa (Museum of NZ) consumed and two fium houses destroyed. The !,ndertook a preliminary SUlVey ofhistoric sites largest ofthe fires was centred around the upper In the. ~Iborough Sounds during February. section ofthe Roxburgh Gorge on the Clutha investigations were focussed on finding and River. Historically this area was mined for recording archaeological sites associated with alluvial gold from 1862 through to tbe James Cook's three visits to Queen Charlotte depreSSIOn years ofthe 1930s. In latter years it Sound between 1770 and 1777 was a favourite haunt ofChinese miners. Bellingsh~us~n's. 1820 visit, and whaling Sites, begmmng m 1829. The main pwpose Mining along the gorge was primarily was to assess the potential of these sites to restncted to the river beaches which were provide information on Maori - European exposed by falling river levels in the winter interactions during the first century of culture (when much of the precipitation in the river conlact. catchment was locked up in ice and snow). As a result a seasonal pattern of mining arose The project is part of a broader programme whereby miners would arrive along the gorge 'Bridge. and Barrier: 800 years of Maori In the late autumn and mine until the waler Culture m Cook Strait' which is documenting levels began to rise again with the spring thaw. the transformations ofMaori culture in Central Many miners would then move to their New Zealand from first human arrival until the summer workings which were often situated in beginnings oforganised European colonisation. the surrounding mountain ranges. They would The initial emphasis in this programme work these claims until the approaching winter concerns economic transformations. The caused their waler supplies to freeze thus historical archaeology component will making alluvial mining impossible. ' contribute to this, using archival and oral history sources to document the timing and Typical habitations along the gorge were rock l?cat,on of mtroductlOns of economically shelters. The gorge is through schist bedrock SIgnificant plants and animals and their and there was an ample supply of rock incorporation into Maori subsistence practices, overhangs to wall up to provide simple, and the participation ofMaori in new activities spartan accommodation. These have been such as sealing, whaling, maritime trading, the particularly associated with the Chinese miners provisioning ofvisiting ships and the export of but they were also utilised by European miners food and other commodities to newly in the first years of the gold rush. There are established European settlements. At the same also a number of stone dwellings along the time ~opean utilisation of and dependency gorge. These are in locations where there were upon mdlgenously produced resources will be more extensive river terraces which could be assessed. Archaeological investigation will be mined fo: extended periods.. The gorge was directed towards reconstructing subsistence dammed In the 1950s to prOVide hydro-electric patterns and diet through excavation and power and many sites were drowned but many analysis of midden deposits from selected still survive above the current waler level. A Maori, European and 'pluralistic' sites survey in 1980 recorded 79 rock shelters and represenlative of discrete phases of the contact 32 huts or cottages. period. A brief survey was carried out of part of the Further SUlVey and assessment is planned gorge after the fire. The blaze had removed before sites are selected for excavation. whal had been a thick cover ofintroduced scrub (prim~ly. briar and broom) giving excellent Ian Smith SIte vISIbility. Perhaps the major find of the sUlVey was the remains of the power supply
ASHA Newsletter 29.21999 PAGE 2 system for the 14 Mile Electric Dredge. This Mary O'Keeffe reports that the first displays of was the second gold dredge to be powered by the hulk Inconstant (buried in a reclamation electricity in New Zealand (circa 1901). The last century and uncovered during the fire exposed the water race, stone foundations refurbishment ofthe Old Bank ofNew Zealand for the pipeline and the concrete foundations of complex in central Wellington) are now the power house. The dredge was not a success available for viewing there. The in situ bow and the company went into liquidation in section of the ship will be open for display 1904. shortly. The impact ofthe fire on the mining sites was Waikato Redoubts mixed. Most rock shelter and hut sites were unaffected. However in a few situations where A group of twenty joined a tour of Waikato exotic trees had become established (often military sites on Waitangi weekend, 6-7 planted by the miners themselves) the fire had February. The tour was organised by the burnt through the base of standing dead trees Defence of New Zealand Study Group and and these had collapsed with disastrous included visits to Pukekohe East church consequences for any hut site in their path. (R12/741), Alexandra redoubt (Tuakau) Damage had also occurred where wood had (R12/141), Eglinton redoubt (SI2/204), been used as lintels over doorways and Pickard's redoubt (SI2/22), Suffolk redoubt window openings in hut sites. These had (SI2/238), Meremere pa and redoubt (S13/7), survived well in the arid Central Otago climate Rangiriri pa (S 13/50), Te Whereo's redoubt but were rapidly consumed by the fire, again (S 13/3), No.2 British redoubt at Paterangi resulting in serious damage to hut walls. (SI5/75), Orakau (SI41103), Alexandra redoubt (pirongia) (S 15/28), and Pirongia East It was surprising to see what had and had not Redoubt (S I5/375) (recently excavated by burnt. Mrs. Herron's, a small complex of Warren Gumbley - see report from Nigel largely intact stone structures which started life Prickett below), amongst others. On Saturday as a store to supply miners working in the evening, a re-enactment group in full uniform gorge, is surrounded by highly combustible gave a display ofdrill as it would have been eucalyptus trees yet the fire burnt right around done by soldiers ofthe 65th Regiment in the the site without causing any damage. At 1860s. This regiment arrived in 1846 and another hut site, again largely intact, a slat bed served fur over 20 years in New Zealand. inside was destroyed but, with the exception of some charring to the rafters, all the other Botanic Gardens Gun Emplacement And wooden mbric in the hut was untouched Observatory Building including the wooden framing in the doorway. The Wellington Observatory (built 1907) is in Peter Bristow the Botanic Gardens and new uses for the building are being sought. The land on which the building stands is currently an unclassified Historic Plantings on Raoul Island reserve. Adjacent to the building, the concrete outline ofan 1890s gun emplacement is still Robert Brassey recently visited Raoul Island in visible at the ground surmce. The associated the Kermadec group, 1000 km to the north of magazine is underground and lies below New Zealand. A major focus of the visit was extensions to the Observatory built in the reconciling the conservation of historic sites 1920s. All the structures have been subject to a with Department ofConservation objectives fur series ofmodifications over the years. natural heritage conservation. Raoul Island has seen a long succession of attempts at In 1889 it was proposed to mount a 7 inch gun settlement since the early 19th century. There to provide plunging fire into the inner harbour are numerous well preserved archaeological area and in 1894 an emplacement consisting of sites, many of which are marked by relict a gun pit, observation post, loading gallery plantings, including a notable collection of and underground magazine (about 342x242) early citrus and grape varieties and some was built. The gun was apparently stored on prehistoric cultivars. Some of these plantings site but never mounted. In 1896 the magazine are now of considerable horticultural interest was modified by building a shell store and conservation value, as well as being the (l02x72) and cartridge store (about 72x6263), only surfuce evidence offormer settlement sites. separated by a lamp passage, within one part of Other invasive species have uofortunately the magazine. A new wall was built through become a threat to natural biodiversity, and a one part ofthe rest of the magazine in about programme of on- and off-site conservation, 1907, presumably to provide foundations fur horticultural trials and scientific research the Observatory being built above. Subsequent including DNA analysis is currently underway. changes have included demolition ofthe 1896 wall between the shell store and the lamp Rob Brassey passage and construction ofa semi-subterranean structure between the entrance to the magazine Plimmer's Ark and the gun pit to provide extra space. The magazine at one time held seismographs which
ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 PAGE 3 were mounted on large concrete blocks set on the act was passed without any provision fur the floor. Developments are awaited. the formal curation of artefacts from historical sites, with the result that my spare room is Tony Walton now threatening to overflow. The act has been reviewed and this pointed out, but the review Queen's Redoubt recommendations have not been acted on yet.
Two British Army fonifications dating from Another result was that at first it was extremely the Waikato War of 1863-64 have recently hard for an archaeologist to get paid fur come under threat. Efforts are being made to working on historic sites in WA. This ensure their survival. Queen's Redoubt, at situation has changed (or I would have starved Pokeno 50 km south ofAuckland, was General to death by now) but in monetary terms Cameron's Waikato invasion headquarters. It archaeology still tends to be one ofthe smaller dates from winter 1862, when Governor George disciplines involved in most contracts. Grey began putting military pressure on the Archaeology also gets missed off the list of independent Maori 'King Movement'. At 100 relevant disciplines believed necessary fur m square, it was the largest European field many contracts but this situation is gradually work of the New Zealand Wars, with improving. accommodation inside for 400 men. Outside the earthworks was a camp for thousands more After nine years of operation the industry is men who marched south to the war front. also in the process of taking stock and Queen's Redoubt is in a district now coming archaeology is being invited to be a part ofthat under development pressure as Auckland process. I attended a CAMS workshop fur expands. The landowner wants to sell. A consultants which had the aim ofreviewing the Queen's Redoubt Trust has been set up to seek CAMS standard brief for conservation plans grant money and purchase the land. But this is and was able to put in my twopenny's worth a protracted business and keeping faith with the on behalfofhistorical archaeology. I also hope landowner while decision-making processes to do the same thing at the first State Heritage take their course is not easy. Convention which is happening in April.
Alexandra East Redoubt To give a snap picture ofthe nature ofthe work I am involved in, and by extension some idea At Pirongia, 150 km to the south, the of where historical archaeology is seen to be Alexandra East Redoubt was one ofthe last to fitting in over here, I added up the types of be established during the campaign, at the head projects I have been part of Since starting of navigation on the Waipa River. Here the consultancy work in 1994 I have been part of redoubt site was owned by the Waipa District 24 conservation plans,S conservation works, 3 Council, which has subdivided the land fur municipal inventories and a number of purely selling as housing lots. Archaeologist Warren archaeological projects involving Gumbley has been in the forefront of efforts to archaeological assessment, monitoring or save the site, roping in others who might be survey. Most of this work was in the helpful. A community group is also working metropolitan area but from 1998 a small alongside archaeologists. The situation was number ofjobs have been scattered across the not helped by a decision of the New Zealand rest ofthe state. Historic Places Trust which cleared the way fur the District Council. The latest news is The list shows some worrying omissions - fur hopeful: it seems likely that two sections will instance, all shires have had to compile a be set aside from the subdivision to retain the municipal inventory of sites within their area redoubt site in public ownership. to form the 'grass roots' protection ofheritage. Archaeology has been virtually excluded from Nigel Prickett this process with the result that most heritage managers are not aware that their standing buildings have an archaeological component to WESTERN AUSTRALIA NEWS their heritage and virtually no ruins, or archaeological sites with no standing The following report from Gaye Nayton carne structures, have been included. Once the via Myra Stanbury. process has been completed it is difficult to point out the omissions that you have Western Australia only passed legislation knowledge ofand impossible to get funding to which covered historic land sites in 1990 so assess in a systematic way what sites have the 'heritage industry' is still quite young been missed. compared to some other states. To date, work has focussed on conservation plans and The number of conservation plans to conservation works. Unlike NSW, conservation works also tells a tale. archaeologists were not a major part of the Archaeology is generally not considered to be movement which lead to the 1990 heritage law an essential part of the conservation process being passed here. Therefore archaeologists and most projects proceed without one. When were not, at first, seen to be particularly I have been involved in this rype of work, to important to heritage in this state. For instance date it has been chronically underfunded,
ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 PAGE 4 mainly because the clients have no real idea of of what was happening in heritage could be the amount ofwork which goes on off-site once gained. At present reports disappear into the artefucts are involved. However, this is also a bowels of various client offices and artefucts fairly new area for WA (the first I was involved into spare rooms so that no one knows what's in was in 1997) and everyone is going through already been done. The level of fragmentation a learning curve. was seen as a serious obstacle to integration within the various environments and The situation in 1999 is much better then integration across environments is, at present, when I started in 1994. Both the Heritage virtually non existent. Council and CAMS have had enough reports with an archaeological component coming In the historic environment Municipal across their desks that they now have a good Inventories came in for criticism. They were understanding ofwhere archaeology fits in and fonnulated to give a rounded picture of what what we are likely to be able to tell them. The was important at a local level within each shire result is that more CAMS briefs include and to give protection under local planning archaeology and the Heritage Council have a schemes to the more important places. greater expectation that archaeology should be Unfortunately the fonnulation of inventories involved in changes to registered sites. has been extremely patchy with standards Archaeology is also being included in more varying widely from shire to shire. Much has local shire briefs and the word is spreading been left out, particularly in the area of outside the metropolitan area In the last two archaeological sites, and protection under years I have been part ofprojects in Kununurra, planning schemes varies immensely. Other Broome, Geraldton, Albany, Esperance, government departments such as Main Roads Northam, Dryandra (in the southern can also override local government protections. woodlands) and am now part ofa survey ofan This is one area where standardisation at the area of Southwest Jarrah forests. 1 am also local government level and heading back to Kununurra, but not until communication/integration between cyclone Vance and any of his late-arriving government departments is urgently needed. brothers and sisters are well and truly off the The idea of the inventories however did get scene. quiet support, some of it unexpectedly from out- ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 PAGE 5 extremely fragile and urgent conservation work environment was held in Hobart and the was needed. The successful submission agenda included: progress towards the NHPS, resulted in funding for the conservation work, a agreement on several high priority national detailed conservation study and the transfer of projects, and a short workshop on criteria and ownership ofthejetty to the community, all of thresholds for assessing places of national which are taking place now. significance. PamSmilh RichardMorrison Australian Heritage Commission ACfNEWS TASMANIAN NEWS Consultants The folks in Tasmania were all impressed by Navin Officer have undertaken an Aboriginal the editor of the current ASHA Newsleller and historical archaeology field survey of giving several weeks notice to those Majura Valley prior to development. This is a submitting information. It is a most welcome 'first stage' survey to identifY what is there. innovation. As a consequence, many of the Amongst other sites they have located Majura Tasmanian Historical Archaeologists have had 'township' dating from the late nineteenth time to present informatioo about their recent century. works. They have also completed a study in relation Parks and Wildlife Service to the proposed Hall residential development, identifYing the site ofthe short-lived 1895 Hall During the last few months a number ofthings creamery. have been happening at the Cultural Heritage Branch of the Parks and Wildlife Service. Patricia Saunders of Archaeological Heritage These include: Surveys has been conducting a survey of the - The west coast launch of the Community Murrumbidgee River Corridor that will include Huts Partnership Program, a program designed the identification of historical archaeological to engage the community in partnership with sites, on behalf ofthe Canberra Archaeological the Parks and Wildlife Service in the Society who received a grant to do this work management of historical huts in the from the ACT Government. This is a baseline Tasmartian Wilderness World Heritage Area inventory fur the Canberra Nature Park. The launch was organised by Simon Cubit. - An archaeological investigation ofthe outer Australian Heritage Commission wall of the convict separate apartments on Maria Island prior to repairs on the wall. This Apart from the above, and mainly because of work was carried out by Charles Parkinson of budgetary constraints, again there has been Kithbrook Heritage Consultants. little historical archaeological activity in the - An archaeological investigation of aspects of ACT since last reported. Other heritage Howells Cottage, Maria Island, prior to repair matters that may be of interest to ASHA works on the building. This work was also members primarily related to the activities of carried out by Charles Parkinson ofKithbrook the Australian Heritage Commission follow. Heritage Consultants. - An archaeological investigation of the cow National Heritage Places Strategy (NHPS) - A bails wall at Entally House prior to repairs on Commonwealth Consultation Paper on the the wall and, you guessed it, this work was NHPS was released in May for public also carried out by Charles Parkinson of comment. The NHPS aims to rationalise Kithbrook Heritage Consultants. existing Commonwealth/State arrangements fur the identification, protection, and management Forest Practices Board ofplaces ofheritage significance. The Forest Practices Board has been involved Sydney Harbour Federation Trust (SHFT): an in developing and supervising two short interim SHFT is being established to begin projects ofinterest to ASHA members. Parry planning and public consultation for the five Kostoglou has completed an overview of the former Defence sites to be managed by the water races in the north east of Tasmania. Statutory Trust: North Head, Georges Heights, These races were associated with the tin Middle Head, Woolwich and Cockatoo Island. mining most active between 1880 and 1945. The objectives ofthe Trust will be to preserve Parry was able to assess those races of some the amenity of Sydney Harbour and its significance and to make general fureshores, conserve the environmental and recommendations for the management of a heritage values of the sites and maximise variety of races in wood production forests. public access to and appreciation ofthe sites. These linear historic sites have been captured by the GIS and are now available electronically Chairs and Officials Meeting, 25-26 March for Forestey Tasmania. 1999: The Chairs and managers ofAustralia's heritage councils responsible for the historic ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 PAGE 6 Another study, by Ali Forghani, has been funded through a fellowship with the American completed on the location ofthe original Van Association of University Women. This Diemens Company Western Road. This study report will be published as a Research involved a remote sensing exercise with some Monograph by the Queen Victoria Museum field inspections. Although some progress was and Art Gallery, and available in late 1999. made towards locating the road, the amount of re-use and realignment over time made many Eleanor Casella sections difficult to identify and map. The amount of regrowth fores! on the least As always Parry Kostogiou has been disturbed sections made the application of exceptionally busy As you will have seen, remote sensing techniques difficult. A fullow one of his recent works has already been up project is planned to complere the mapping discussed by Denise Gaughwin. Listed below and develop future management are a number ofother projects and reports Parry recommendations for this early road. has been working on. Recent work· The full two-volume report on the Blue Tier - Co-directed a test excavation and survey of tin-field completed by Greg Jackman (Jackman, the Trial Bay whaling station in South G. 1997. An archaeological survey ofthe Blue Australia with Tetry Arnott of Heritage SA, Tier tin-field: A report to Forestry Tasmania) Peter Bell and students from Flinders is now available from Forestry Tasmania, University. Hobart - Undertaken a survey ofthe calcining furnace complex at Mount Bischoff; Waratab, fur the Denise Gaughwin Tasmanian Department ofMineral Resources. - Assisted with the La Trobe University dig at Port Arthur Historic Site Kelly and Hewitt's Lagoon Bay whaling station. Conservation work is progressing at the site of - Undertaken a large scale survey of mining the convict food store on Point Poer, which sites in the Queen Hill area of Zeehan for the was the subject of archaeological excavation Tasmanian Department ofMineral Resources. last year. Archaeologically informed New publications: reconstruction ofgardens at the Commandant's - Archaeological assessment of the historic and Subaltern's residences is shortly to allUVial tinfields of north eastern Tasmania commence. Honours research on buttons from (Forestry Tasmania). the sites of the first Prisoner Barracks and - Archaeological survey ofhistoric sites in the Watchmans' Quarters is being carried out by Sauthern Central Highlands of Tasmania La Trobe University student Sam George. (Forestry Tasmania). Progress is also being made towards New reports: establishing an electronic archaeological - An archaeological survey of the historic records management and resource zoning Mount Bischoffcalcining plant (MRT) system, based on the site GIS. - An archaeological survey of the historic Zeehan Queen Hill mine workings (MRT) GregJackman Parry Kostoglau Austral Archaeology The Tasmanian ASHA report is compiled by The Tasmanian Office of Austral Archaeology Mike Jones. has completed a variety ofprojects during the early part of the 1999. These range from a MichaelJones report on the historic heritage significance of Superintendent's Residence on Deal Island in Bass Strait to a monitoring job at Parliament VICTORJAN NEWS House, Hobart, in response to rising damp remediation works, to the provision of advice Heritage Victoria during the conservation and restoration of the furmer Head Gardener's Cottage in the Royal Heritage Victoria has just started six temporary Tasmanian Botanical Gardens. Current projects positions in Archaeology (2), and Cataloguing include the preparation ofa THP1 record for the and data entry in the Conservation Lab (4). Adamsfield (mining) area in the southwest and The positions will operate until the end ofthe production of a management plan for the financial year. Queen's Domain in Hobart. Susan Lawrence of La Trobe University has DavidParham successfully obtained a grant for work with Tasmanian Manager Heritage Victoria, NSW National Parks and Austral Archaeology Wildlife Service, and Tasmanian Parks, to research whaling sites in three states. The Other Folk Tasmanian fieldwork has been completed, and in January 2000 fieldwork will be undertaken The final report of the Ross Factory by La Trobe University and Heritage Victoria Archaeology Project is reaching completion, at Wilsons Promontory. ASHA Newsletter 29.21999 PAGE 7 car whilst on his bike, in February this year. In the near future, it is anticipated that La Gary has resumed work slowly, and is Trobe University will be excavating the Police currently continuing work on, amongst other Garages on Russell Street, for the Royal projects, the Brimbank and Hume Heritage Melbourne Institute ofTechnology (RMlT). Studies. While Gary was out of action, his work was carried on by Audrea Murphy. Maritime Heritage Unit Fiona Weaver and Graltam Perham, Practical The Maritime Heritage Unit recently Wldertook Archaeology Services, have completed the fieldwork at Port Albert, and attended the second stage report on the Former Customs laWlch of Peter Harvey's book Clonmel, House, Melbourne, and with Sarah Myers, Disaster to Discovery, at the Port Albert have completed the final report on the Old Maritime Museum. The book is published by Melbourne Observatory - Garden Gate Project, the Heritage Council ofVictoria. The Clonmel for the Royal Botanical Gardens, Melbourne. was wrecked in IS41 at the entrance to Port Fiona and GTaltam are also assisting with the Albert. The wreck led to the discovery ofPort Cohen Place excavation, and a watching brief Albert and the subsequent opening up of the is about to commence at the Geelong East Gippsland region for trade and agriculture. Foreshore, at the site of the old Moorabool The Maritime Archaeology Unit of the then Street Jetty, where wool barges and Bay Victoria Archaeological Survey first examined Steamers once tied up. the wreck in early 19S5 and this became the subject of an Occasional Report by Peter Fiona Weaver Harvey. The wreck was soon declared an Practical Archaeology Services historic shipwreck Wlder the provisions of the Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act Biosis Research Ply. Ltd 1976. The Clonmel is one of the earliest Cultural Heritage Group steamship wrecks available for study in Australian waters. David Rhodes and Lucy Amorosi are currently undertaking a watching briefat Saltwater River The Maritime Heritage Unit has forthcoming Crossing Site in Footscray. The study area is fieldwork at Cape Conran in early June, and the site ofthe original Township ofFootscray has been participating in the NAS training and is listed on the Victorian Heritage courses Wldertaken in Victoria. Register. The monitoring exercise precedes the construction of medium density housing. Consultants This work is supplementary to the extensive City Link excavations from 1989, which In the Melbourne CBD, an excavation is located the footings of the Bridge Hote~ currently being undertaken by Sarah Myers and Pickett Cottages, Stanley Arms Hotel and the a small team, at Cohen Place, China Town. Victoria Hotel. The site ofthe Ship Inn, which The project is for the DEAL Corporation who is the only major unexcavated structure plan to build an apartment development, remaining in the precinct, will not be affucted including cafes etc. The project has been by the development. The fragmentary remains funded by the DEAL Corporation, the Heritage ofan 1880s house and two associated toilets Council and the Chinese Museum, and bas are being uncovered along with associated involved approximately six weeks of artefacts. Many of the artefacts are bottles in excavation. The earliest occupation ofthe site good condition, some with the original paper (I S4S-1 SS7) consisted ofsingle-room and two labels attached. Low level contaminants are room huts constructed variously ofwattle and present in many parts ofthe site and are due to daub, brick nog, stone and wood. By 1857, the mUltiple previous industries and rubbish four houses are known to have been on the site. dumping. By the I890s, the site consisted of three houses with yards and a general store. Oona Nicolson and Helen Cekalovic have Excavation has so fur revealed several phases of recently undertaken a program of detailed occupation, and have evidence of the earliest mapping and photographic recording of occupation. The artefacts being recovered from Rockbank Middle Road at Caroline Springs. the site are both European and Chinese, and A large-scale housing development is being promise to yield some fascinating information undertaken in the area by Delfin Property about the people who inhabited the northern Group Limited. Rockbaok Middle Road bas end ofChina Town. been assessed as being an example ofa section ofsurviving road that is part of a district road Vincent Clark and Jeremy Smith have network of narrow mid-19th-century cobbled completed the first drnft ofthe Calder Highway roads used by rural traffic. 50 metres of the (Kyoeton to Ravenswood) Environmental cobbled road and associated drystone walls on Effects Statement for Vic Roads. Over 100 each side will he retained and will be historic archaeological sites were recorded incorporated into a linear park that will be during the project. accessible to all. A salvage excavation of a portion ofthe cobbled road is planned to record Gary Vines, of the Living Museum of the information about its construction and an West, is still recovering from being hit by a interpretative display of the cultural values of ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 PAGE 8 the road will be presented in the dedicated Department of Health, the NSW Heritage open space using signage. Council, the La Perouse Aboriginal Land Council and the project tearn. On-site Taryn Debney (Biosis Research) and Jane excavation occurred over a six-month period Harrington (VIDA Research) reoently surveyed between August 1995 and March 1996. The 'Bullengarook Park', in the western region of remains of 65 of the buried children were Melbourne. Two historical sites were recovered along with a range of artef.lcts recorded, Tilley's Hut and the Goodman's Hut relating to the history of the place. Post and Matson Homestead site. Both ofthe site excavation analyses of the site stratigraphy, locations conform to the location of buildings human remains and artefilcts have been marked on the 1840s and 1854 plans of the completed and the results presented in the fina1 area. Tilley's Hut was once the home of an report. itinerant named Til1ey, who was found dead in the hut in the I940s. Constructed of timber It is intended that the extant remains of the weatherboards, the small gable-roofed hut has a children be re-interred on site and that the large brick chimney stack at the northern end. cultural significance ofthe place be presented to The hut has been re-dad at some time with vistors. corrugated iron and the internal walls lined with fibro-<:ement sheeting. The basic form RichardMackay and remains of original building material indicate a date ofthe late 19th century. Some Australia's first septic tank metal mugs and a timber meat sare were found inside the hut. However, the hut had been used The invention ofthe 'septic tank' in the late in the 1970s as a location for the film 'The 1890s was a major development in public Man from Snowy River'. Thus the articles health, as it built upon then-new theories of found inside may have been associated with 'bacteriology' to PurUY effluent. The system occupation of the hut or may have been was first used at Exeter, in England and copied brought in more recently as props for filming. almost immediately by the NSW Water, The Matson's Homestead site is a relatively Sewerage and Drainage Board, who built one rare, early pastoral site of state significance, in 1898 for the 1200 residents of the containing a number offeatures that date to the Rookwood Asylum for the Aged and Infirm.. 1840s. It was abandoned no later than 1918. The site now forms part of the Cumberland The available evidence suggests that it has a College ofHealth Sciences ofthe University of high potential to provide valuable information Sydney. about early pastoral activities through archaeological investigation. Both sites will The tank was partly demolished and huried be retained within the context of the proposed during the 1950s and it was forgotten until its development. accidental exposure during drainage works. The College altered its plans to enable the Oona Nicolson preservation of part of the underground Biosis Research Ply. Ltd remains. Aedeen Cremin wrote the Cultural Heritage Group archaeological assessment and statement of significance for the site and Martin Carney of Archaeological Management & Consulting Pty NEW SOUTH WALES NEWS Ltd monitored the work and recorded the visible features, prior to the tank's reburial. Prince of Wales Hospital Aedeen Cremin The first ASHA lecture of 1999 was given by Richard Mackay who spoke about the work Kinchega Archaeological Research Project carried out in 1995-1996 at the Prince ofWales Hospital, Randwick, by Austral Archaeology In the first three weeks ofMay volunteers and and Godden Mackay. This was a very students from the University ofSydney and the sensitive excavation, involving as it did the Australian National University took part in children's cemetery from the former Randwick fieldwork at the Old Kinchega Homestead, Destitute Children's Asylum. The site also within the Kinchega National park, 130 km revealed an Aboriginal hearth and associated south west of Broken Hill. This homestead artefilcts, dated to at least 8000 BP, which was reputedly built in the mid-1870s and makes it one of Sydney earliest known sites. abandoned in 1950. Richard has kindly allowed us to reprint parts ofhis synopsis: The fieldwork consisted of the excavation of the residential buildings within the homestead The Cemetery was known to contain burials of complex and of the homestead dump. around 175 children from the Asylum, a Essentially these excavations consisted of benevolent institution that operated on the site sample trenches across two areas of the main between 1858 and 1916. The project was homestead building and through the remains of overseen by a Management Committee that a hut which been identified through oral included representation from the South Eastern history as 'the Chinaman's hut'. Two further Sydney Area Health Service, the NSW sample trenches were excavated within the area ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 PAGE 9 ofthe dump but it became clear that, due to rations were provided. Archaeological and heavy looting, further investigation ofthis area ethnographic records from both periods are could be restricted to the collection of swfuce used to compare these contexts. These material. The latter appears to cover the full comparisons reveal the extent to which the diet chronological range ofthe European occupation altered and the reasons for the changes. The ofthe site. field work for the 'station times' is being undertaken at Aboriginal camping sites near an The trenches through the main residential abandoned station homestead in the south building were intended to investigate its Kimberley, W.A. Previously recorded construction history and the chronological archaeological sites and dietary data relevant to relationships of its various parts, as well to the traditional lifestyle are used for the collect the underfloor deposits for an comparisons. investigation of the spatial distribution of household activities. While the 1940s Pam Smith concrete floors in the kitchen and bathroom prohibited the collection ofundertloor deposits in these rooms, potentially useful; and CONFERENCES seemingly functionally distinct assemblages were evidenced under and offthe verandahs and in the living room. These excavations also Engendering Material Culture have the potential to provide considerable Fifth Women in Archaeology Conference infonnation on the changing furbishings ofthis II is nolloo lale 10 register! homestead over its 8Q.-year history. 2-4 July University ofNew South Wales, Sydney For further information, contact: Dr Penelope M. Allison Key speakers include Barbara Bender (London) Archaeology A14, University ofSydney, Erika Engelstad (Tromsl!) and Joan Kerr NSW 2006, Australia (AND). email: [email protected] Cost $150 ($100 cone.) or daily $50 ($30) Dept homepage: http://felix.antiquity.arts.su.edu.au Contacts Tel (02) 9385 1267; fux: (02) 9385 ]062 Penelope Allison or email Laurajane Smith: Ij. [email protected] ASHA RESEARCH NOTES or Ann.McGrath: [email protected] Diel in Transilion: The Social and Cultural History in Heritage Works Seminar Conlens ofDietary Change in Ihe Kimberley 15 September 1999 Region of Western Australia. A PhD research Potts Point, Sydney project by Pam Smith, Department of Archaeology, Flinders University of South A one-day seminar organised by the Australia. Professional Historians Association (NSW) Inc., with support from the Royal Australian The diet of Aboriginal people living on cattle Institute of Architects, where historians will stations in the Kimberley region of Western discuss how history can illuminate the Australia altered twice in response to social meanings ofplace. change between the late nineteenth century and 1968. Their traditional diet, obtained by Wednesday 15 September, 1999 8.30 a.m. to hunting and gathering, ended with the 'station 5 p.m, at the Royal Australian Institute of times' following the invasion ofthe Kimberley Architects, 3 Manning SI. Potts Point. Cost: by Europeans in the late ] 9th century and the $30 PHA & RAlA members; $40 non 'station diet' remained little altered until the members; $]5 students. 1970s. The 'station times' ended with the Contact: Sue Rosen, tel: (02) 9876 1655. second major social change, the eviction of Aboriginal people from the stations following Rosemary Kerr the referendum of December 1967 when Aboriginal people won the right to full ASHA Conference citizenship. For many people this also meant Bendigo, Victoria leaving their traditional country for the first 1-4 October 1999 time. Can for Papers The aim ofthis study is to achieve a deeper The 1999 ASHA annual conference will be understanding ofhow and why diet changed in held in Bendigo, Victoria, between 1-4 response to social change and to question the October 1999, including an all-day fieldtrip. extent ofcultural change. ]t is a study of the The venue will be the historic Shamrock Hotel transition from the traditional hunter-gatherer in Bendigo, the heart of Victoria's richest diet to the station diet and of the changing goldfield. cultural and social contexts in which station ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 PAGE to Papers are sought on all topics relevant to August 1998, reported on in earlier issues nf historical archaeology in Australia and New this Newsletter. ASHA is invited to Zealand. There are no specific themes at this comment. Please contact me ifyou wish to do stage but papers and discussion sessions will so. be grouped around like subjects. Possible sessions could be on the practice of public Regional Heritage archaeology, urban archaeology, industrial arcbaeclogy (particularly mining) and artefuct It is always pleasing to see some action taken analysis. and I was very happy to receive a proposal drafted by the National Cultural Heritage A Registration Kit is included with this Forum on 'Australia's Threatened Regional Newsletter. Heritage'. This paper considerably enlarges upon the proposals first put forward by Graham Offers for papers should be directed by 31 Connah and elaborated by Isobel McBryde. It August to the conference organisers: discusses the parlous state of the heritage in regional (read 'rural') Australia. Dr Leah McKenzie Heritage Victoria I shan't elaborate on the parlousness, as you 22/80 Collins Street need only read Gaye Nayton's personal account Melbourne VIC 3000 in this Newsletter to see what some of the Tel (03) 9655 9745 difficulties are, but it is worth quoting the Fax (03) 9655 9720 NCHF figures. Of the 9117 listings on the Email: [email protected] Australian National Estate just over half (4840) are in regional Australia. In South Australia Or and Tasmania regional listings make up 70% of the state totals. The 'vast majoriry' of Fiona Weaver Australia's 1900 museums, (which contain 41 Practical Archaeology Service million items) are outside the cities. 90% of 24 The Avenue museums are administered by volunteers. The Belmont VIC 3216 Commonwealth spends 200 times more on the Tel/Fax: (03) 5243 1462 natural environment than on cultural heritage. Email: [email protected] Clearly there is a problem. The NCHF ASHANOTES proposes the establishment of a Cultural Heritage Trust Fund, modelled on the existing Natural Heritage Trust. It also draws attention PRESIDENT'S REPORT to the necessity of ensuring that 'oral traditions, history and folklore be recorded fur Kerr Australia? posterity'. This is an important new First 1 must extend ASHA's warmest development where heritage is concerned and congratulations to ASHA Members Dr James should, I think, be welcomed by those many Semple Kerr and Dr Ruth Kerr (no relation), ASHA members who work outside the cities. each ofwhom has been honoured in the 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours. Jim becomes a The NCHF is to meet soon, in July or August Member ofthe Order ofAustralia (AM) for his and I shall report on that meeting in the next services to conservation through ICOMOS Newsletter. and the National Trust (NSW), while Ruth receives the Medal of the Order of Australia 'Common Wealth' (OAM) for the preservation of Australian The Federation book project is coming along history, through the Royal Historical Society nicely with many fascinating contributions of Queensland Both Jim and Ruth are already in hand or announced as imminent. longtime members ofASHA and have played There is a wonderful range from coabnine brass key roles in historical archaeology, Jim with bands to Japanese brothels - and ofcourse, my his work on prisons and on the design of very own 'Australia's first septic tank' (see conservation plans, Ruth with important above, NSW News). But please don't feel this contributions to the history and heritage of lets you off the hook. We still need more mining. Their honours are fully deserved. material. In the meantime, many thanks to our hardworking contributors. National Strategy for Australia's Heritage Places Aedeen Cremin University ofSydney The Australian Commonwealth Minister ror the Environment and Heritage, Senator Robert Hill, has released a document which 'builds SECRETARY'S NOTES upon the Australian Heritage Commission's "Future Directions" and on nationals standards The Society is pleased to announce receipt of discussion papers ofl996 and 1997. It also the 21st royalty cheque for US$17.81 from incorporates many of the recommendations of sales of Historical Archaeology: A Guide to the historic National Heritage Convention' of Substantive Theoretical Contributions, edited ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 PAGE 11 by Robert L. Schuyler ($31.95 + $4.00 postage, Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., To join, send your details with US$20 to: Amityville, New York 11701, USA). Dr Maria Teresa Maiullari TICCIH Membership Secretary Ecomusee de la Communaute Urbaine STOCKTAKING SALE Le Creusat-Monceau les Mines Chateau de la Venerie BP53 ASHA is offering back sets of the Journal, 71202 Le Creusat Cedex issues 2 to 13 at $60 a set, plus $10 p&p. France Send orders to Rowan Ward with credit card details or cheque made out ASHA, and allow a TICCIH's ne>ct conference is in Budapest and couple ofweeks for mailing Miskilc, Hungary 22-28 September 1999. email: [email protected] PUBLICAnON RECEIVED FORTHCOMING NEWSLETTERS From the Australian Heritage Commission: Protecting Local Heritage Places: A guidefor local communitiesCl998). This seems a very The ASHA Newsletter is produced quarterly useful compendium on what is heritage, what with the assistance ofguest editors. The 1999 to do about it and how to get help. guest editors are: Copies ofthis te>ct are available on request, free September Ross Gam (NSW) ofcharge, from the ARC. December Susan Lawrence (VIC) Contact: Clare Henderson (02) 6217 2116 or email In order to facilitate a more efficient newsletter [email protected] production, all contributions should be forwarded to the e-mail address of your state rep by the second week ofthe month prior to RECEIVED FOR REVIEW circulation. See the last page ofthe Newsletter for contact details. Reviewers are saught for the following books. Ifyou are interested and have a demonstrated The guest editors are asked to finalise the knowledge ofthe topic, please contact Aedeen newsletter in the third week ofthe month prior asap as we should like the reviews by to circulation. Final copy must reach the November 1999. We shall send you the book General Editorial Team, (Aedeen Cremin, lain along wiht guidelines on style and length. Stuart, Andrew Wilson), by the final week of the month prior to circulation. Mark Staniforth and Mike Nash, Chinese erportporcelainfrom the wreck ofthe Sydney This is your newsletter and your contributions Cove (1797), AlMA Special Publication are vital. Please check deadlines diligently. No.12, 1998. Your efficiency will be greatly appreciated. B.W. Higman, Montpelier, Jamaica; A plantation community in slavery andfreedom 1739-1912, The Press University ofthe West 1998/99 ASHA Committee Indies, 1998. Sharma Saitowitz & Ethleen Lastovica, President: Aedeen Cremin Rediscovering the Cape Glass Company at Vice Presidents: Susan Lawrence Glencaim: History andarchaeology ofan Neville Ritchie industrial enterprise 1902-1906, Germiston, Treasurer: Geoff Svenson South Africa: Consol, 1998. Secretary: Rowan Ward Committee: Graham Connab Noeleen Curran nccm MEMBERSHIP Jennie Lindbergh Leah McKenzie The International Committee for the Terrence Moore Conservation of the Industrial Heritage has Paul Rheinberger undergone major changes: the secretariat has Andrew Wilson moved from the UK to France and it is now Anna Wong possible for individuals to join (in the past only countries could do so, which was a major headache financially). You are wged to support this very active organisation in which the southern hemisphere is sadly under represented. You will receive a quarterly newsletter and notice of major conferences, mostly in Europe and North America. Proceedings are all in English. ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 ASHA PUBLICATIONS Australasian Historical Archaeology Members Non-members Volume I out ofprint Volumes 2- 13 SP\'C1al discount price, $60 a set +$10 p.&p. Volume 14 (I996l $18.00 $22.00 Volume 15 (1997 $18.00 $22.00 Major Publications Binningljam, J., D. Bairstow, & A. Wilson (eds) $26.00 ArchaeoloJ:J!. and Colonisation: Australia in the World Context, Papers from the Seventh Annual ASHA Conference. Binningham, J. $36.00 Wybalenna: The Archaeology ofCultural Accommodation in Nineteenth-Ce.ntury Tasmania. Lawrence, S. & M. Staniforth (eds) $40.00 The ArcJWeology ofWhaling In Southern Australia and New Zealand Rogers, B. $12.50 Nineteenth Century Salt Manufacturing Sites in Tasmania. Occasional Papers Maureen BYJ1le, Ross Bridge, Tasmania. $6.00 each Eleanor Crosby: Survey ani! excavations at Fort Dundas, Melville Island, NT. M~orie Graham: Primed Ceramics in Australia. R. V.J. Varman: The Marseille.s or French Pattern Tile in Australia. Post'!l:e and packing in Australia: Postage and packinJLoverseasJsurface mail): Journals - Uccasionill Papers add $4.00 per item Journlils - OccasionafPapers ad $5.00 per item Major publications add $6.50 per ifem Major publications aad $15.00 per item ASHA CONTACTS ACT Richard Morrison ph: 02 6217 2133 c1AHC, GPO Box 787, Canberra 2601 we 02 6217 2095 e-mail: [email protected] NSW Jennie Lindbergh ph: 02 9698 2417 23 Thomas Street, Darlington, NSW, 2008 e-mail: [email protected] NZ Neville Ritchie ph: 0011 648383363 Dept of Conservation, Private Bag 3072, e-mail: [email protected] Hamilton, NZ NT Clayton Fredericksen e-mail: School of Southeast Asian and Australian Studies [email protected] Faculty ofArts Northern Territory University Darwin, NT 0909. QLD Gordon Grimwade ph: 07 4095 3737 PO Box 9, Yungaburra, QLD, 4872 Iilx: 07 4095 2117 e-mail: [email protected] SA Mark Staniforth School ofCultural Studi~ Flinders University ph: 08 8201 5195 PO Box 2100, Adelaide, :>A 5001 Iilx: 08 8201 3845 e-mail: [email protected] TAS Michael Jones email ASHA Newsletter 29.2 1999 AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY INC. NEWSLETTER Volume 29:3 1999 Box 220 Holme BuilctiIuz PnntPostReRUlations No: PP243591OO114 University of Sydney 2006 ISSN 0156-9295 Seoretary: (02) 9558 6618 STATE OF THEART inhabilant(s) of the house, including a small tack hammer head and abundant tacks in a concentraled area near the chimney. (Was the Afghan a cobbler?). Northern Territory News Archaeological Investigation at Livingstone 1999 Fannie Bay Gaol Field School Airfield For the past two years Clayton Fredericksen Livingstone airfield was one oflhe main fighter bas run a field school for NTU archaeology airstrips for the defense of Darwin during students at Fannie Bay Gaol. The gaol was World War 2. The airfield, localed 50 km opened in 1883 as the first substantial prison south ofDarwin, was operational during 1942 in Darwin and remained in use until 1979. and 1943 and its fighter planes contributed 10 Today it is open to the public as part of the the downing of many Japanese planes over Museum and Art Gallery of the NT. Last Darwin during lhis period. The airfield is year's excavatioo focussed on one oftwo brick threatened by the proposed Alice Springs and concret...1ined underground water storage Darwin railway which, if building proceeds tanks that were constructed in 1884 and infilled will damage or destroy Ihe field and man; some time in the mid-twentieth century. structures associated with its use. Among the Unfortunately, the excavation had to cease more visible of the surviving structures are before the bottom ofthe tank had been reached anti-aircraft gun emplacements, which were owing to flooding, probably from groundwater constructed ofearth-filled tar drums arranged in buildup from the present-day irrigation system. a circle or semi-eircle and often reinforoed with This year the focus ofthe field school was the earthen embankments. Colin De La Rue bas sile of the former Guards' barracks. The carried oul excavation ofone emplacement as a barracks were constructed within the gaol project in historical archaeology at NT perimeter in 1883 and demolished in the University. Spent anti-aircraft gun cartridges 1950s. Over five days of excavation students were found in association with a compacted uncovered stone foundations relating to tbe floor, which was discovered beneath a layer of barracks, nineteenth-eentury artefacts (including fill. The fill had been dumped into the an 1874 sixpence), and a large refuse pit filled emplacement upon its abandonmenl during the with material relating to wartime occupation of war, perhaps after inundation during the the gaol by the RAAF. Next year's field particularly severe wet season ofl942. school will extend the investigation of the barracks site. Archaeology on Channel Island GIS Study of Pine Creek Chinese Mining Julie Mastin., an archaeology diploma student Heritage al NTU, has embarked upon an historical and archaeological investigation of an early 1930s Lasl year an NTU Project Grant enabled house site at Channel Island. Channel Island Clayton Fredericksen to undertake a feasibility was a leprosarium from the early twentieth study to determine whether data from century to the 1950s and possesses a wealth of archaeological surveys ofnineteenth- and early archaeological remains relating to this period. tweotieth-century Chinese gold mining sites at The house site was chosen for investigation Pine Creek could be incorporated into a GIS both for ils unique construction method database fur heritage management purposes. (dressed stone foundalion pad wilh a nearby With the assistance of Chris Devonport and stone and brick chimney of what may have Amanda Homer from NTU's Faculty of been a cookhouse) and unverified local Science, previously recorded sites were knowledge ofthe house being inhabited by a incorporated into a GIS. Accurate resurveying solitary 'Afghan'. The excavation bas of some was then carried out using a total uncovered details of the everyday life of the station. The data were enlered as a theme in the GIS, and comparison made with the earlier ASHA Newsletter 29.31999 PAGE 2 survey data. It was found that while some Within the town area interpretive signage has previously recorded sites were located with a been erected. The signs display early high degree of accuracy, much of the photographs ofthe town, interpretive text and information was too spatially displaced to be of quotations from old newspapern. Gordon much use fur formulating detailed heritage Grimwade and Bill Carter developed them, management plans. This has important using a unique system of impregnated implications for the management of early aluminium panels mounted on powder-coated Chinese and other mining sites in the NT, a metal posts. large proportion ofwhich have been disturbed or destroyed by present-day activity, including Gordon Grimwade ongoing mining. Clayton Fredericksen Cairns Esplanade Northern Territory University A cultural heritage study was recently completed fur the Cairns Esplanade Queensland News redevelopment project. The Esplanade has historically been the premier beachside Green Hill Fort, Thunday Island pedestrian area in Cairns. Eleven heritage places were recorded and evaluated within the Work commences shortly on the Centenary of project area The existing concrete sea wall Federation conservation project at Green Hill was erected in 1920 and at present consists of Fort, Thursday Island. The project involves an interesting tapestry of concrete repair conservation ofthree 6" Breech Loading Guns. techniques designed to prevent the foreshore One was manufactured in 1890 by the from eroding into Trinity Bay. The concrete Armstrong Elswick Ordnance Company, the version is the last in a series oftimber and rock other two by the Woolwich Ordinance Factory sea walls which succumbed to various cyclones in 1892. Additional work will include since Cairns' founding in 1876. Additional archaeological investigation of the former research on the Cenotaph war memorial, drainage system. The aim ofthis is to try to moved to the Esplanade in 1972, revealed that re-open the old drains to alleviate flooding the memorial's clocks were originally set from during the wet season. Most ofthe 1700 mm a remote location by means of a floor clock of rain falls in the period Jannary to April recently identified in the Cairns Historical causing ponding near No 3 gun and flooding in Society's museum. The nature of this clock the underground magazines. Archaeologists mechanism is the subject of future research. will also investigate the remnant stone-pitched Cairns' coastal defunce gun, a 24-pound ramparts. The work is being conducted by breech-loading weapon with a Mark I Gordon Grimwade & Associates as part ofthe Vavasseur barrel mount and recoil system, Centenary of Federation funding recently currently resides adjacent to the Cenotaph. awarded to the Torres Strait Historical Society. Research for the Esplanade project has revealed Gordon is Project Manager for the work. Katie the original 1887 site of the weapon's shed, Sachs and Mark Moore are assisting as located several hundred metres south of its Archaeologists, Geoff Ginn as Historian, and present location in an area which is now Peter Maxwell as Metals Conservator. 'landlocked' as a result ofreclamation work in the 1950s. Ongoing work for the project will involve the preparation of conservation plans Croydon, Queensland for the significant places and archaeological monitoring during construction activities. The The small town of Croydon in the Gulf project is managed by Mark Moore, with Katie Savanna region of northern Queensland is Sachs assisting as Archaeologist. focussing its efforts on historic site presentation to boost its economy. Croydon was once a MarkMoore thriving gold mining area with a population of 6500 in 1897, now dwindled to around 500. Preliminary surveys of the Chinese Temple New South Wales News site have been completed, five ofthe district's ten or so cemeteries have been documented and Tomalpin Employment Zone a draft conservation plan completed. The main cemetery contains about 15 sandstone burial The area around Mt Tomalpin, near Kurri markers relating to Chinese residents of the Kurri-Weston has a close connection with the area. foundation and operation ofthe South Maitland coalfield. Edgeworth-David proved the deposit ASHA Newsletter 29.3 1999 PAGE 3 near Abermain and mining commenced at the thereafter, offand on, for perhaps 25 years by Ium ofthe century, continuing for more !ban either or both ofthe Thornleigh Colliery and sixty years. The heritage-listed Richmond the Thornton Colliery. During an Main Colliery is located at the eastern margin investigation of the Aboriginal values of the and other collieries were known to have existed site ofa proposed light industrial subdivision in the general area, although their heritage about 18 months ago, Paul Rheinherger value was not known. The area is proposed fur identified the remaining earthworks of the development for a variety of industrial and Woodford Coal Company spur, as well as commercial uses and a preliminary assessment some patches ofbrick paving. ofthe area was undertaken by Paul Rheinberger and Ross Gam in February 1999. In July 1999, Paul Rheinherger, Terry Moore and Ross Gam excavated the area around the The survey identified the substantial remains of two brick-paved areas, recovering a large Pelaw Main Colliery, including the original quantity ofnails, lead, iron, ceramic and glass. mine office, the maintenance workshop, the None ofthe material was related to the present power switch house and winding building and century and some ceramic was manufilctured running gear, mine portal and railway between 1840-70. Detailed analysis of the infrastructure. West ofPelaw Main, the survey artefuets is not complete. One of the paved located the mine office of Hebburn No I areas was identified as a fireplace and evidence Colliery, earthworks ofthe rail connection tot of timber posts fur a chimney was located. he South Maitland Railway, the locomotive The other paved area proved to he footings, service area, water management footings and steps and the threshold of the verandah of a the purpose built Hebburn Dam and the No 2 dwelling. Both buildings were probably Tunnel and loading facility. Further west was related to the operation of the Thornleigh the site of Abermain No1 Colliery, of which Colliery. The railway earthworks have been nothing remains above ground other than the recorded and will be incorporated in future mine siding earthworks on the SMR at development. Abermain platform, the Mine Superintendent's house (lovingly maintained by present Paul Rheinberger occupants) and a miner's cottage. The site of Umwelt (Australia) PlyLtd, Toronto the mine portal is marked by a damaged monument erected by pupils of the local primary school. The Lake Innes Project 1999 The southern part ofthe area is still dominated Every year since 1993, except for 1996, there by the chimney at Hebburn No 2 Colliery, have been periods offieldwork at the extensive rising over 80 metres above ground. This site site complex at Lake Innes, near Port is marked by the maintenance workshop Macquarie, New South Wales. Until this year (substantially modified and still in use), the this work has been limited to an intensive mine ambulance station and office and three analysis of the visible evidence. This has houses formerly occupied by key personnel. consisted ofsystematic searching through the, Around the chimney, flueways and working in places, heavily overgrown area and of floors ofthe mine power station remain. The surveying, planning, elevation drawing, railway that ran from the SMR at Weston past photography and textual recording. The focus Hebburn No 1 Colliery, the No 2 Tunnel and ofthese investigations has been the remains of to Hebburn No 2 Colliery was identified, as the house built by Major Archibald Innes at was the power line that supplied DC power the beginning of the 1830s, the associated from Richmond Main Colliery to Kearsley stables, several servants' cottages, a village township and Abermain No 2 Colliery. where some ofthe estate workers lived, a home furm to supply essentials to the big house, a Further investigations have been recommended number of clay pits and brick clamp sites, a in the preliminary report. boathouse, a corduroy road and other sites still to be located. Such an assemblage of sites, Woodford Cool Company, Thormon relatively intact compared with similar examples elsewhere, provides a remarkable During the late 1850s, the first colliery in the opportunity to investigate the functioning ofan East Maitland area was opened by the early nineteenth--eentury estate based on Woodford Coal Company on land adjacent to assigned labour, looking particularly at the the present township of Thornton. The question of socio-economic status and the Northern Railway line reached Maitland in degree to which it is reflected in the 1857 and a spur line was constructed to the archaeological record. colliery. This line was used for about ten years by the Woodford Company and ASHA Newsletter 29.3 1999 PAGE 4 The Lake Innes area is owned by the National the house have been examined; they were Parks and Wildlife Service of New South unusual for their period and location in having Wales, with which the writer has collaborated both piped hot and cold water as well as a closely since 1993, and the investigative work flushing system. These had been almost in the area was supported by the University of totally destroyed by informal demolition, New England until 1998. The research project probably since the turn of the century, but has now moved to an excavation phase, excavation has now uncovered sufficient however, and funding has been provided by the foundation and footing brickwork to indicate Australian Research Council for the years their layout. The bathroom, h seems, had a 1999-2001. The intention is to focus on the suspended timber floor, skirting boards and interplay of archaeological and historical green-painted plaster walls. Some lead piping evidence regarding status differences, both has been found still in situ, as well as a small between the Innes family and their servants and diameter brick barrel drain that probably led to within the servant body itself In practical a cess-pit that is still unlocated. Investigations terms this will involve four weeks of are also revea1ing some details ofthe associated excavation in August ofeach year, followed by boiler room, whose remains are difficult to two weeks of post-excavation on-site analysis interpret because ofa buge tree (now felled) that and by extensive subsequent study away from had grown up in the middle of them. From Port Macquarie. This brief report was actually some ofthe artefuctual evidence recovered from written in the middle of the first of these the demolition rubble on this she it is clear periods of excavation and is appropriately that the Innes' had nothing but the best: preliminary as a result. amongst the high quality ceramic material are large pieces of a highly decorated blue-and As a purely research project (although with white transfer-printed toilet bowl marked with both conservation and training implications) the respected name of'Wedgwood'. that has no connection with the commercial archaeology that now dominates the Australian Second, and in deliberate contrast with the scene, the entire work is based on voluntary washing and toilet facilities ofthe grand house, labour and support. This has involved not excavation has also fucussed on a single only the generous commitment oftheir time by 'living unit' section (of two rooms) in a well over two dozen volunteers on the servants' cottage block near the stables. Built excavation itself but also many months of of poorer quality bricks than the house and planning for over a year beforehand. In the stables and with the brickwork clay-bonded not latter, the help of Paul Rheinberger, Lindsay bonded with lime mortar, this was apparently Smith, David Pearson, Teny Moore and Ross one of three such units in the cottage block Gam has been of particular importance, selected. It is apparent, however, that the involving for instance such things as the occupants were relatively well housed: design and construction ofpower-driven sieves, although they had only two rooms, it seems large plastic shelters fur excavated areas, and a that eacb was provided with a fireplace, there vertical photography device, as well as the was a suspended timber floor, there were glazed planning offield-recording and post-excavation windows, render on the inside ofthe walls, and analysis systems. During the excavation itself a lock on the door. A variety of other many ofthe furmer students (now graduates) of artefuctual evidence also suggests that those the University ofNew England who worked at who lived there were not doing too badly. Lake Innes in earlier years have again returned to assist and there have also been Not so at the third excavation location, which undergraduate or postgraduate students from has focussed on one of half a dozen known the Australian National University, the structures in the village site, indicated on the University of Canberra, the University of ground surface only by a building platform and Sydney and the University ofOtago, as well as a few broken bricks. Excavation has revealed a interested members ofthe general public. The fan-like scatter of poor brick seemingly excavation has been very much assisted by originating from a fireplace and perhaps an Jean Smith and Beryl Connah in the recording associated chimney. The SUIface ofthe subsoil and processing of artefactual material. Eric is still being scraped for evidence ofpostholes Claussen and John Hodgkinson ofthe National but it seems likely that the building was of Parks and Wildlife Service in Port Macquarie timber and may merely have sat on bed-logs have been particularly helpful on the rather than having earthfast posts. Little glass organisational side. or ceramic is present and it would seem that there were no glazed windows here. For this first year, following discussions with Nevertheless the number of nails present Denis Gojak ofthe National Parks and Wildlife suggests that the structure had a suspended Service, the excavation has had three timber tIoor and the artefuctual assemblage objectives. First, the bathroom and latrines of includes a surprising number of fragments of ASHA Newsletter 29.3 1999 PAGES clay smoking pipes, amongst which examples excavated remains ofthe asylum children from from both Glasgow and Edinburgh are present the Prince ofWales Hospital Randwick Life seems to have been fairly basic in this Destitute Children's Asylum Cemetery small structure but not without its Excavations is underway. A garden including a compensations. memorial wall with plaques identifYing the children will be incorporated into the site. The So work proceeds and even this brief and Austral/Godden Mackay Logan team will be tentative 'news from the field' has only been recording the reintennent process and written because it happens to be raining. For providing input to the site's interpretation more substantial infoIIDation about the Lake panels, plaques etc. Innes site complex and previous investigations there, the reader is refurred to Connab, G. (ed) Busby's Bore Shaft 19 excavations on the Fox 1997. The archaeology ofLake Innes House, Studios site are complete, in preparation for a Connab, Canberra, for NSW National Parks major interpretative display ofthe Bore. Tracy and Wildlife Service; and to Connab, G. 1998. Ireland is contributing interpretive text and 'The archaeology of fiustrated ambition: an ideas. The interpretation includes historic Australian case study', Historical images and text explaining the construction, Archaeology, 32(2): 7-27. fabric appearance, convict work gangs and the surrounding early nineteenth-eentury landscape. Graham Connah This is a major interpretive initiative designed Australian National University to reach the many thousands ofpeople visiting the entertainment precinct each year. The indefatigable Nadia Iacono has provided a As most would be aware, the Sydney streets detailed account ofthe activities ofGodden upgrade continues. To date a number of Mackay Logan Heritage Consultants. Richard historic features have been exposed and Mackay has been presenting talks to provide recorded during GML City Street Works clients and colleagues with an understanding of Projects including Worldcom, George Street how recent amendments to the Heritage Act North and the Eastern Distributor. Findings affect archaeology, heritage and development include an early brick oviform drain on the generally within NSW. comer ofGeorge and Alfred Streets, part ofthe Queens Wharfsewer which was in operation by GML are also busy with a number ofprojects. 1851. The drain comprised a double brick A limited print run ofthe fina1 reports from the walL constructed with sandstock bricks bonded Cumberland/Gloucester Street Archaeological with a yellow sandy mortar. On the Distributor Excavation Site has been completed, and will project, east ofthe CBD, archaeological be launched in tandem with the release ofGntce monitoring and recording ofa semi-elliptical Karskens new book Insilk the Rocks: The stone culvert in the Plunkett Street area is Archaeology ofa Neighbourhood. Nadia is underway. The culvert was reconstructed working with the Historic Houses Trust, between 1857-59 along the same lines as Sydney Harbour Foreshores Authority and another built during the Governorship of others to produce an archaeological education Macquarie. kit for school students using the Cumberland /Gloucester Street site as a case study as part of Matthew Kelly hasjust returned from his a NSW Heritage Assistance Program second season excavating a Celtic and medieval saltmine on the Durrnnberg near Investigation ofyet another site at Parramatta, Salzburg, Austria, and Nadia Iacono is writing 16-18 Smith Street was finished in April this up the third season results ofexcavations on year and the final report is now being written. the island ofMerawab offthe coast ofAbu Excavation revealed the remains ofterrace Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates from housing and substantial stone stables, as well March and April this year. as a convict-built drain. This drain and another intersecting it, possibly the result ofa private Casey & Lowe Associates have been busy commission, are pre-1840s in date. The completing the third stage ofarchaeological surprise ofthe site was the discovery ofa works at the Conservatorium ofMusic site, the vaulted subterranean chamber/cellar constructed former Government Stables. The first stage oflarge well-cut sandstone blocks associated involved the excavation and partial retention of with the terrace houses. Evidence ofland form the 1820s landscape and road and drainage alteration comprising material dredged up from systems and a large rubbish dump on the Parramatta River has been analysed by Mike southern and eastern side ofthe site. The Macphail. second stage involved the excavation ofthe gardens and drainage on the western side. The The process ofreburying the archaeologically third stage saw us working inside the courtyard ASHA Newsletter 29.31999 PAGE 6 ofthe 1817-1821 Government Stables, now matters that may be ofinterest to ASHA underneath the floor ofVerbrugghen Hall, the members primarily related to the activities of 1913 concert hall. In all we have spent about 8 the Australian Heritage Commission follow. months on the archaeological excavation ofthis extensive site. Australian Heritage Commission In the latest area we found remains ofa c.1802 Sharon Sullivan retired from being Executive bakehouse and a small well, interior to the Director ofthe ARC in April and Bruce Leaver building, and deposits associated with the has been recently appointed to this position. construction ofthe Stables. One ofthe deposits He has a primarily natural environment contained numerous fragments ofearly lead background. He comes to the ARC from being glazed earthenware thought to be associated tbe Executive Commissioner ofthe Tasmanian with the bakehouse. Much ofthe bakehouse Resources Planning and Development phase was sealed by the remains ofthe Stables' Commission, and bas served on major courtyard packing. A large oval-shaped well conservation and land management bodies was cut through the centre ofthe courtyard including the Murray-Darling Basin packing and provided water for the Stables Commission and the Aust and NZ until a reticulated supply came from Busby's Environment Conservation Council Standing Bore in the 1840s. The structural remains of Committee. He also played a role in the bakehouse and the wells and part ofthe establishing the South Australian desert park courtyard packing and the deposits will be system and development ofthe Australian Alps retained in situ and protected in perpetuity. agreement. As part ofthe archaeological investigation of The ARC has ioitiated the Paroo Integrated the Stables we have been undertaking detailed Heritage Assessment Project to develop better fabric recording ofthe walls. This has allowed methods to reflect the relationship between the us to ascertain that the c. 1820 plan, attributed natural environment and its cultural use. The to Francis Greenway, is not an accurate floor Project will assess the heritage values ofan plan. Casey & Lowe have been working on the area ofapproximately 76,000 sq km ofthe analysis ofthe building fabric in association Paroo River Catchment which lies across the with tbe project's conservation architects NSW-Qld border and comprises mostly private Tanner & Associates.The client for the whole leasehold land. It is the last remaioing project is the NSW Department ofPublic unregulated river system in the Murray-Darling Works & Services. Basin and it illustrates the dramatic expansion ofthe pastoral industry in the second halfofthe The attendance at the last ASHA Talk given by oineteenth century north ofthe Darling River. GeoffSvenson, was disappointing despite The project will be a consultative process being a fascinating exploration oflesser-known involving all levels ofgovernment, aspects ofChina. Those ofus who attended communities and key stakeholden;. Apart from were riveted by beautiful images ofthe identifY natural and cultural heritage values of province ofYunnan, an area ofChina which the Paroo in a regional context the project will retains a distinctive cultural identity and contribute information to land/water individuality. We look forward to Mary management processes and provide practical Casey's discussion ofaspects ofthe heritage information to enable local Conservatorium ofMusic site at tbe next talk. commuoities to strengthen grant applications and the development ofberitage-based Jennie Lindbergh sustainable tourism. A web site will be established to enable tbe public to follow the progress ofthe Project. The ARC has recently ACT News engaged Dr Mike Pearson, Ms Margaret Pullar and Ms Wendy Thorpe to undertake the Canberra Archaeological Society assessment ofthe historic heritage values ofthe Paroo Catchment for the Project. The Society has received a grant from the ACT Heritage Council for the survey of remains of The ARC funded the Australian Council of Uoity Cunningham's house and garden (dating National Trusts, through the National Estateis to the first decades ofthe tweotieth century) Grants Program, to produce a Milling Heritage which is in the Murrumbidgee River corridor Places Assessment Manual. This was near Pine Island. completed in 1998 by Mike Pearson and Barry McGowan and is currently being prepared for Apart from the above there has been little publication. This authoritative volume is historical archaeological activity in the ACT intended to assist in the recording, analysis, since last reported. Notes on other heritage ASHA Newsletter 29.3 1999 PAGE? and heritage assessment ofmining heritage places. The manual is presented in the form of guidelines, each ofwhich deals step by step with the recording and assessment process, or President's Report provides basic help in researching and understanding mining heritage. The I am stepping down from the ASHA presidency, which I have very much enjoyed. guidelines include a guide to recording and As I am to make a formal address to the analysis ofmining places, their significance forthcoming AGM, at the Bendigo Conference, assessment, filling in heritage register forms, I shall on this occasion take the opportunity lists ofkey contacts, sources, and common only to thank the members of the Committee mining technology terms. The appendix for their support, patienee and friendship over includes model type profiles for mining places the past two years. outlining four types ofmining (coal mining, copper mining, and alluvial and gold reef Aedeen Cremin mining). The manual will be available shortly, free from the ARC (pO Box 787, Canberra., ACT 2601). 1998/99 ASHA Committee RichardMorrison President: Aedeen Cremin Vice Presidents: Susan Lawrence Neville Rtchie Treasurer: GeoffSvenson GIS/GPS for Archaeologists Secretary: Rowan Ward Committee: Graham Connah A two-week intensive workshop is to be held Noeleen Curran Jennie Lindbergh at the Archaeological Computing Laboratory, Leah McKenzie University of Sydney, 7-18 February 2000. Terrence Moore The aim is to introduce a wide range ofGIS Paul Rheinberger and GPS techniques landscape, site and artefact Andrew Wilson mapping, as well as getting participants up to Anna Wong speed on effective use ofDesktop Mapping and GPS. Costs range from Basic Computing FORTHCOMING NEWSLETfERS Skills (2 days) $200, up to $2000 (student discount $800) for the complete two-week intensive course. A single-week course is also available. This has been a very well received workshop, with improvements in equipment, The ASHA Newsletter is produced quarterly teaching materials and equipment each year. with the assistance of guest editors. The December 1999 guest editor is : Numbers are limited to ensure access to Dr Susan Lawrence (VIC) workstations. Information is available from: email: [email protected] Andrew Wilson or Ian Johnson tel: (02) 93513142 In order to facilitate a more efficient newsletter fax: (02) 9351 6392 production, all contributions should be e-mail: ASHA Newsletter 29.3 1999 PAGE 8 ASHA PUBLICATIONS Australasian Historical Archaeology Members Non-members Volume I out ofprint Volumes 2- 13 SpectaI discount price, 860 a set +$10 p.&p. Volume 14 (1996) 81800 $22.00 Volume 15 (1997) $18.00 822.00 Major Publications Birmingham, J., D. Bairstow, & A. Wilson (eds) 826.00 ArcluziiJlol:Y. and Colonisation: Australia in the World Context, Papersfrom the Seventh Annual ASHA Conference. Binningham, J. S36.00 Wybalenna: The Archaeology ofCultural Accommodation in Nineteenth-Century Tasmania. Lawrence, S. & M. Staniforth (eds) $40.00 The Arcliaeology ofWhaling 1ft Southern Australia and New Zealand. Rogers, B. S12.50 Nineteenth Century Salt Manufacturing Sites in Tasmania. Occasional PaJl'ln Maureen BYf!le, Ross Bridge, Tasmania. S2.00 each Eleanor Crosby: Survey anil excavations at Fort Dundas, MelviUe Island, NT. M¥iorie Graham: Printed Ceramics in Australia. R. V.J. Varman: The MarseiUes or French Pattern TIle in Australia. Post~e and packing in Australia: Postage and packin/LoveneasJsurface mail): Journals - CTccasionai Papers add $4.00 per item Jourruils - OccasionafPapers ad S5.00 'per item Major publications add S6.50 per ifem Major publications alId S15.00 per item ASHA CONTACTS ACT Richard Morrison ph: 0262172133 clAHC, GPO Box 787, Canberra 2601 lax: 02 6217 2095 e-mail: [email protected] NSW Jennie Lindbergh ph: 02 9698 2417 23 Thomas Street, Darlington, NSW, 2008 e-mail: [email protected] NZ Nevine Ritchie ph: 00II 64 838 3363 Dept of Conservation, Private Bag 3072, e-mail: [email protected] Hamilton, New Zealand NT Clayton Fredericksen e-mail: School ofSoutheast Asian and Australian Studies [email protected] Faculty ofArts Northern Territory University Darwin, NT 0909. QLD Gordon Grimwade ph: 074095 3737 PO Box 9, Yungaburra, QLD, 4872 liDc 07 4095 2117 e-mail: [email protected] SA Mark Staniforth School ofCultural Studie~ Flinders University ph: 08 82015195 PO Box 2100, Adelaide, ~A 5001 lax: 08 8201 3845 e-mail: [email protected] TAS MichaelIones email ASHA Newsletter 29.31999 AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY INC. NEWSLETTER Volume 29:4 1999 Box 220 Holme Building Print Post Regulations No: PP243,59/00114 University ofSvdnev 2006 ISSN0156-9295 SecretAry: (02)"9558 6618 STATE OF THE ART sites and items at 'Soldiers Pinch' near Mount Victoria, Springwood, Wentworth Falls, and a ACT News culvert near Ryde. Australian Heritage Commission The Kinchega Archaeological Research Praject The ARC has, with Tourism Council Australia, developed Draft Heritage Tourism In May 1999 the Kinchega Archaeological Guidelines. These aim to encourage best Research Project carried out its third season of practice management by tourism operators fieldwork and its first ofexcavation, at the Old and others in the industry. The draft Kinchega Homestead in NSW. The purpose guidelines offer practical advice and case of these excavations was to collect underfloor studies that balance the needs of heritage site deposits and surface material for investigating management with visitor expectations. Best the spatial distribution of activities around the practice tourism case studies have been homestead and the production and highlighted throughout the discussion paper. consumption patterns of its occupants. Comment is being sought on the draft document from a wide range of community These excavations consisted of two trenches and industry stakeholders, including tourism across the main building, a trench across the operators and heritage site managers. Copies remains of a building which have been of the discussion paper can be obtained from referred to as the 'Chinaman's Hut' and two the ARC 'via the website www.ahc.gov.au or small trenches in the household dump. One of by mail from Heritage tourism Guidelines, c/ trenches in the main homestead building cut Australian Heritage Commission, GPO Box through Ihe living-room and dining-room, and 787, Canberra ACT 2601. the other through what has been identified as a bathroom in the 1940s and the northern RichardMorrison verandah, converted into a kitchen in the 1940s. The most surprising discovery during these excavations was what appears to have been a school or children's play area, on the New South Wales News east verandah off the bathroom. Post-excavation analysis is currently being A number of people promised to contribute carried out on the finds from these so hopefully the New Year (NOT the new excavations. Further fieldwork, involving millenium despite the hype) will bring a mass survey, excavations and collection of surface ofcontributions. material, is planned for May 2000. Volunteers interested in participating, please Siobhan Lavelle continues to work on her contact: PhD, which is on sites in the Blue Mountains Region (west of Sydney) particularly those Dr. Penelope Allison associated with the later commemoration of Department of Archaeology the 1813 'First Crossing' by explorers University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth. Siobhan is Tel: 02-9351·2880 also currently completing a number of small Email: assessments for the NSW Roads and Traffic [email protected]. Authority and other agencies. These include ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 2 damaged by recent bulldozing (presumably to Lookingfor Work provide vehicle access to the shore). Queensland Anthropology graduate Scotty The six-day excavation was carried out to Atkinson is looking for work in NSW. He has determine the extent of distmuance to the site, worked in Australia, the US and Cyprus. His and to retrieve information on techniques used address is 17/1 Blakeney St., Highgate Hill in constructing the store and associated QLD 4101 Ph: 07-3844-5562. terrace. Excavation revealed that drystone block walls were built to retain the sides ofthe Jennie Lindbergh terrace. Unfortunately the bulldozer activity had dislodged the top row of stones from one wall, and damaged the seaward end of the other. Northern Territory News The excavation also uncovered a previously unknown stone ramp, evidently constructed after completion of the terrace and store. Excavation ofthe Fort Dundas commissariat Artefacts retrieved from the store site store consisted of mainly gin bottle fragments and numerous iron and copper nails (presumably Fort Dundas was established on Melville discarded when the store was Island in 1824. The settlement was planned as demolished/abandoned). Analysis of the the first pennanent British colony in northern material is currently underway. A second and Australia, but instead proved to be the first in more extensive period of fieldwork is planned a line of failures. The small population of for next year's Dry Season. This will focus on troops, convicts and civilians was finally an adjacent terrace, which is likely to be the evacuated in 1829. This was after more than site of the house andlor store of the trader four years enduring more or less constant Thomas Barns. harassment by Tiwi, an ongoing economic crisis, and endemic sickness and disease. The Clayton Fredericksen remains of the settlement have survived in reasonably good condition, despite the impact of bush fires and occasional fossicking. The first archaeological investigation was by Queensland News Eleanor Crosby in 1975. Crosby undertook a detailed survey of the settlement, and carried out excavation to discover how the ditch and Archaeological Sweetener bank of the fort were constructed. (Crosby's work was published in 1978 as ASHA CSR's New Farm, Brisbane, refinery is to be Occasional Paper No. I). converted into residential units. The main refinery building (1893) is to be the focus of Early this year Clayton Fredericksen obtained the adaptive re-use project. Queensland's an NTU Project Grant and an NT History Environmental Protection Agency has sought Award to enable the resumption of an archaeological appraisal of the equipment archaeological research on Fort Dundas. The and a report on the industrial process. objective of the 'Fort Dundas Project' is to provide information for the formulation of a Among the significant equipment identified in site management plan, a program which is Stage I are twenty bone char cisterns imported being undertaken in partnership with the Tiwi from Scotland in 1893. Bone char filter beds Land Council. were used to filter raw syrup as part of the decolourisation process. Some 20 years ago, In the first week of October Clayton carbon filtering superseded that method. Fredericksen led an intrepid party of NTU students to Melville Island to investigate the One of the challenges now facing the project site of the commissariat store. This was one is to find a new home for the 7 metre high, 2.5 of the largest and most significant buildings in metre wide cast iron cisterns. Queensland the settlement. The store site is today a Museum has no suitable storage. Anyone popular fishing spot and has been seriously ASHA NeWSletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 3 interested in acquiring a cistern is encouraged Melnyczek, Vanessa Hardy and Nathan to contact the writer. Richards. Other integral members of the excavation were Megan Wilcox, Michael Gordon Grimwade Mathews and Steve Potts. A memorable feature of the excavation was Vidoria Park Excavation the unseasonable rain which cruelly impacted on the conduct of a dig, which was sited on a Between August and November of 1999, flood plain. The daily pumping out of Wallin and Grimwade Associates, with trenches became the rule rather than the assistance from the Turrbal Association, exception. undertook a rescue excavation at Victoria Park, Brisbane. Cosmos Coroneos The size of the excavation area, which comprised part of which was once Yorke's EPA Projects Hollow, was approximately 1000 m by 30m. In Pre-European times, a creek, indispersed The Queensland Environmental Protection with ponds, ran through Yorke's Hollow, Agency (EPA) has been involved in two nourishing the Aboriginal inhabitants. projects ofinterest to members. Following European settlement, the area became the focus for those marginalised by an Brigalow Belt South Project expanding Brisbane, both Aboriginals and poor immigrants. In 1864 Yorkes Hollow was Following from the historic and cultural incorporated into the newly gazetted Victoria heritage research conducted in the State forest Park however the area continued to be estate as part of the development of the South intensively used as a Municipal rubbish dump East Queensland Regional Forest Agreement up until the end of the I890s. [n the 1930s (RFA), (ASHA Newsletter 28.2, 1998), during the creek and ponds were reclaimed, for the 1998-1999 the Biodiversity Planning Unit of purposes of forming a level area for playing the EPA undertook research into remnant fields. It was observed during the excavation non-Indigenous cultural heritage sites in the that the depth of fill in some places exceeded forested areas of the Southern Brigalow Belt 3m. Bioregion (SBB). The SBB covers an area of 21.6 million heclares of south-western and The objectives of the excavation were to central Queensland, of which roughly half is recover infonnation on : forest or woodland. The cultural heritage • pre-1930s landscape team identified 800 potential cultural heritage • pre and post contact Aboriginal habitation places across the forested areas of the SBB • late 19th century rubbish dumps and visited and recorded 260 sites. The first and third objectives were achieved to The majority ofthese sites are located on land satisfaction, the second objective not so. This under crown tenure such as state forests, is because of the unexpected scale and timber reserves, national parks, conservation intensity of rubbish deposition in the late 19th areas and other crown leases. The vital details century and the practice ofborrowing fill from (name, type, location, coordinates and digital the lower slopes immediately above the creek phOIOS etc.) of each site have been entered for the 1930s reclamation project. onto the Cultural Heritage Information on the Environment and Forests (CHIEF) database, All in all, forty-one trenches were excavated which now includes details on both the SEQ within which seventeen distinct late 19th and SBB sites. An overview thematic history centucy rubbish pits were examined. Post (Cameron, Bal/ling the Briga/ow) was written excavation work is to commence in January during the project to provide important 2000. The backbone of the team comprised of contextual information. Queensland archaeologists, Fiona Rowbotham, Neil Fairbrother, Adam Brumm Several sites of high significance offer great and Rhiannon Walker; stiffened by interstate archaeological potential to yield valuable and international imports; Sinead Phelan, insighlS into life in rural colonial Queensland Bernice Molloy, Cosmos Coroneos, Marian ASHA News[etter 29.4 1999 PAGE 4 during the mid-nineteenth century. The Judy Powell Wandai Gumbal Mounted Native Police Principal Conservatian Officer Barracks site (c. 1849), for example, located in Environmental Protection Agency Yuleba State Forest (SF) 328, is a multi judith,[email protected] layered site which has extant remains of the police camp, along-side associated Aboriginal scarred trees and later Queensland Forest Service camp ruins. Other significant sites South Australia News include the ruin of the Western Creek station steam wool wash and camp (c.1858) on Western Creek in SF 154. The Flagstaff Hill Mount Torrens State Heritage Area stone paved road (c. 1860-{i3) in the Isla Gorge National Park. The Main Range Hotel Heritage SA has commissioned a conservation site (c. 1871) on the old Tambo road, Salvator management plan for the township of Mount Rosa Section and the Marlong station Torrens in the Adelaide Hills. The shepherds camp (c.1870s), on the Mt Moffatt consultants are Peter Bell, Justin McCarthy, Section, of the Carnarvon National Park, and Iris Iwanicki and Bruce Oswald. Mount the Speculation Creek coach cbange station in Torrens is a sleepy village of stone cottages Barakula SF 302. All these sites are valuable which boomed during the heyday of the River sources for developing our knowledge of the Murray trade in the 1850s and 60s, and hasn't history of Aboriginal dispossession, rural changed a lot since. The study will feed into seUlement, colonial transport and travel an amendment to the Development Plan routes, and pastoral development, work and which will declare Mount Torrens a State technology in colonial Queensland. Heritage Area under the Development Act 1993. This will be the first time a proposed St Helena Artefact Project amendment to the SA Development Plan has sought to incorporate principles for the For the past two years, the EPA, Qld Parks conservation of archaeological sites. The idea and Wildlife Service (QPWS) and The may come as a shock to the planners. Wish it University of Queensland have been involved luck. in a collaborative project to complete the registration and accessioning of artefacts at St Peter Bell Helena Island in Moreton Bay. The prison on . the island operated from 1867 to 1932 and was considered to be a model prison. A sugar mill, animal husbandry, and workshops Tasmania News including blacksmithing, book-binding, shoe making and sailmaking made the prison virtually self-sufficient. From 1939 until 1979 Brahmin Shipwreck various pastoral lessees farmed on the island and in 1979 the island was gazetted as the Early in November Mark Staniforth, Matt States first historic National Park. Schlitz and Pauline O'Malley of the Flinders University of South Australia met with Mike Archaeology and history students from The Nash (Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife) on University ofQueenland camped on the island King Island, Bass Strait, to visit the site ofthe for a period of three weeks in 1998 and two wreck of the cargo ship Brahmin and to weeks this year and under the supervision of catalogue and photograph artefacts retrieved EPA Cultural Heritage Staff. They undertook from the site. The Brahmin ran onto rocks on to record, digitally photograph, store and 21 May 1854 whilst on route from London to accession artefacts collected at the site over a Sydney with the loss of 17 lives. The 24 number of years. In August tltis year a survivors were on the island for 5 months museum opened in the restored Deputy before being rescued. A camp site is in the Superintendents residence and work done on sand dunes near the wreck and is associated cataloguing the artefacts has made the with it. The wreck was rediscovered in 1976 preparation ofmuseum displays easier. and declared an historic shipwreck in 1987. Much of its cargo is still on the wreck, that It is hoped to continue the work next year. removed by local divers prior to 1987 has been ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGES declared and registered under amnesty. The discovered. The aim of the survey was to purpose of the trip was in support of Pauline's detennine (with least distubance possible) the MA research which centres on the role of the size of any wooden object buried in the dune. Brahmin in mid-nineteenth century trade Results of the survey should be available by pallers between Great Britain and Australia mid-December. At this stage, the most likely through analysis of the ship, retrieved cargo explanation for the presence of the oak in the and a survivors' camp. dune is that it was some of the deck cargo of the Falls of Halladale which was wrecked Pauline O'Malley nearby. Leah McKenzie and Jeremy Smith are slowly Victoria News gearing up for the planned fieldwork at Wilson's Promontory in January, during which they will be excavating an assumed HerUage Victoria whaling station at Refuge Cove as part of the AWSANZ project. Jeremy will also be part of The Maritime Heritage Unit has recently a reconnaissance trip to the Prom in early (November) completed two weeks fieldwork December with the Maritime Heritage Unit. on the City ofLounces/on site in Port Phillip Bay. The fieldwork consisted of a small Heritage Victoria is currently focussing on the exploratory excavation near the stem. Further need and necessity for more historical work is planned in March 2000, when the archaeological involvement in developments Unit and Maritime Archaeology Association within the City of Melbourne. To date there of Victoria (MAAV) volunteers will further are at least eight proposed developments excavate the same area. which have been advised ofthe need to engage an archaeologist prior to the development. The Maritime Heritage Unit will be undertaking fieldwork at Wilson's Promontory Heritage Victoria has introduced a policy of during tlte last two weeks of January 2000. requiring a conservation bond to be posted The Unit will provide logistical support for the prior to commencement of works likely to AWSANZ survey by Leah McKenzie and result in the recovery of artefacts. The Susan Lawrence and students from La Trobe conservation bond has been endorsed by the University. The Unit will also undertake Heritage Council of Victoria. It will go inspections of a number of shipwreck sites towards the cost of conservation of artefacts around the Prom. which are considered to be of importance in the understanding of the particular Heritage Victoria staff Ross Anderson and archaeological site. Payment of the bond is Peter Harvey with the assistance of MAAV's required from the pennit holder prior to Malcolm Venturoni have co- ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 6 identified in the Archaeological Zoning Plan of Melbourne. Only one part of the site has Western Australia News not been built on and it is this section which has revealed hand-made brick footings and Ozone Reserve Excavations possibly a row of one bedroom residences. Work in January will involve the further In June 1999 the Archaeology Practical investigation ofthis area. Course (227/327) conducted excavations in the Ozone Reserve in the Perth CBD. The Andrew Long has been undertaking a results of the students' analysis is reported in watching brief at the Old Mint in Melbourne, 'Report of Ozone Reserve Archaeological as well as at a site in Franklin Street. The Investigations (1999)'. Contributors were Gina Franklin Street site revealed two large sections Antony, Dan Franklin, Vanessa Macri, Simon of contaminated ground, and an area which McGee, Davina Tredget and Paul Wyburn. was contamination free which yielded part of Copies are held by the Perth City Council and a cottage. the Centre for Archaeology. The excavations were reported in the 'West Australian' (26 Sarah Myers has been working with a small June 1999) in 'Students dig to find signs of team of volunteers in the Heritage Victoria city lifestyle'. The excavations aimed to locate laboratory where the large quantity ofartefacts evidence for nineteenth Fiona Weaver ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE? New Zealand News Archaeology is a field, which can no longer stay within the realms of academia as it is far Alexandra East Redoubt too widely recognised by the public as an interesting and exciting field. This therefore After a long battle the Waipa District Council calls on us as the Archaeologists to release our has finally passed a resolutiou to gazette the work into the public sector allowing people to site of the Alexandra East (also known as the not only see the work being done but in some Piongia East) redoubt as a historic reserve. cases making it possible for them to Until recently, the Council was hellbent on experience it. This thesis concentrates on a selling the redoubt site which occupies two small ruined fann located within the lots in a new subdivision created by the Onkaparinga Recreational Reserve, Port council on endowment land. The gazettal of Noarlunga, South Australia. The aim of this the redoubt site is a victory for the untiring research was to interpret the site both efforts of a local citizens' lobby group, aided historically and archaeologically, then to overtly and covertly by archaeologists and present the interpretation to the public for two other heritage advocates, who have fought for days, during which an underground cistern on over a year to get the Council to withdraw the the property was excavated. Guided tours sections from sale and create a reserve. The were given of the site and a response survey Council is now seeking funds to have a was carried out in all that visited. The management plan produced which will responses to the survey questions were include plans for reconstruction of the analysed statistically and the results were earthworks which were levelled by the positive. Visitors to the site were very departing British forces. interested in the work being done most stating that more sites of this kind should be opened At the northern end of the Waikato, the to the public. Allowing the public greater Queens Redoubt Trust, made up of local access to our work is the only way to change supporters and archaeologists, has nearly the misconceptions that are held towards our concluded a protracted agreement with the field. This research is a small step in landowner to purchase the site of Queens alleviating those misconceptions. redoubt, the largest redoubt constructed by British forces in New Zealand last century. Richard Coombs The intention, here too, is to reconstruct a portion of tlle earthworks and establish an interpretive centre on this significant gateway An Assessment ofAustralian Wooden Sailing site which served as springboard for the Vessels (Constructed Between 1850 - 1899) British invasion of tile Waikato in 1863-1864. Operating the South Australian Intrastate The site at Pokeno is right beside the Coastal Trade. Auckland-Hamilton highway and has tremendous potential for interpreting the Investigation into the construction of Waikato War and its legacy. Australian built wooden sailing craft, constructed between 1850-1899, has taken an Neville Ritchie active role over the past 20 years. However, much of this research has been based on a historical approach rather than an archaeological one. This paper discusses the combination of historical documentation RESEARCH NOTES archaeological fieldwork and timber analysi~ to provide an insight to understanding the Australian build coastal traders that operated the intrastate trades throughout Australian Flinders University Honours waters. Wooden sailing vessels in Australia, Theses constructed between 1850-1899 were designed to suit specific tasks and a specific Pingle Farm, From Rubble to Repute. An environment. These adopted modifications Archaeological Investigation, Interpretation saw a change in hull design and sail and "Publication". technology. Unique to the colonial Australian shipbuilding industry was the use of ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGES Australian timbers. The study reveals that sites especially to the Long Jetty and Albany specific timbers were used for specific tasks in Town Jetty sites in Western Australia which ship construction. When these or other are the two most similar and contemporary of suitable timbers were unavailable, shipwrights studies. obtained them through the timber trade that had established well before the 1880s to Jennifer Rodrigues manufacture their vessels. This thesis aims to explain methods ofcolonial ship construction, the modifications made to traditional ship La Trobe University Honours constructions and the use of naturally grown resources in the construction of Australian Theses built wooden sailing craft. Rebecca 0 'Reilly Colonial Enterprise: The View from a Nineteenth Century Whaling Station. Analysis and interpretation of the Hold/ast The potential of archaeology to address a Bay Historical Artefacts. broad range of social and economic processes through the study of material culture has been A series of underwater excavations conducted largely untapped in Australian historical at the site of a former jetty in one of South archaeology. This dissertation aims to redress Australia's most popular metropolitan beaches this imbalance through an analysis of the produced a collection of historical artefacts ceramic, glass, and clay pipe assemblage from which exceeded 5,000 pieces. Holdfast Bay the Hewitt and Kelly whaling station. (Glenelg) is situated on the eastern coast of Particular issues to be addressed are the means Gulf St Vincent in South Australia. No study by which the station was supplied, the types of or analysis had been previously conducted on goods consumed by the whalers, and the these artefacts which had not been overall relationship and extent of integration documented or catalogued following the between the station and colonial and global excavations. A more controlled series of economic networks. This may be viewed in excavations is due to take place in the year the overall context of the ability of an 2000 when, presumably, more artefacts will be emerging colonial society to effectively sustain raised from the seabed. It was vital, therefore, its material needs. for the first collection of artefacts to be documented and properly examined to provide Luke Flanagan relevant information regarding the interpretation and significance of the site and to provide recommendations for future studies Unbuttoned: Archaeological Perspectives of related to it. Few studies have been conducted Convicts and Whalers' Clothing in on jetty sites and their associated material Nineteenth Century Tasmania. culture, which places this research as nne nf the few undertaken to date. The aims of this Bullons are commonly recovered from research included examining the nature of the archaeological sites dating from the artefacts and assessing the significance of the nineteenth century. They are a potential Holdfast Bay Jetty site. Various questions are source ofvaluable information regarding sites' explored in this thesis, which include the previous inhabitants. However, the required reasons and circumstances leading to the data for pertinent analysis of bullons has not deposition of the artefacts and the sort of been synthesised for archaeologists in information that can be derived from studying Australia. Bullons are mundane and them. Also examined are indications ubiquitous. It is owing to this that they are revealing the lifestyles of the people and the valuable tools for archaeological analysis. social and economic developments which took This thesis is concerned with the comparative place. Hence, based on the study of the analysis of bullons recovered from the artefacts, attempts were made to interpret and Tasmanian convict site at Port Arthur and the reconstruct the cultural, economic, social and whaling sites at Adventure and Lagoon Bays. recreational activities of the people who either Documentary, pictorial and archaeological lived at or visited the site. The Holdfast Bay evidence is engaged in order to provide study has also been compared to other similar perspectives for ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 9 the bullons and clothing of the previous excavated. They were the Kelly and Lucas occupants of the sites. To this end, extant station at Adventure Bay on Bruny Island, and items of convict clothing have been observed the Hewitt and Kelly station at Lagoon Bay on and recorded. Based on the synthesis ofthese the Forestier Peninsula. This has resulted in disparate forms of evidence, this thesis an assemblage of nearly ten thousand bone contributes to the debate regarding the degree specimens of bird, fish and mammal which of differentiation observable between convicts were analysed for this Honours thesis. The and the working classes. Furthennore, the results fonned a basis for a comparative investigation seeks to detennine whether or dietary investigation of these stations for the not a distinctive convict assemblage can be period of the second quarter of the nineteenth identified. In addition, manufacturing century. These stations were supplied with methods are analysed in order to assess the provisions in ration fonn with a proportion of likelihood of local manufacture occurring at meat, mostly of domestic varieties. The Port Arthur. It is the contention of this thesis stations were relatively isolated and self that the generally accepted method of sufficiency for subsistence was not practiced. analysing buttons in order to extrapolate the This situation provides an insight into a rural types of clothing worn by previous inhabitants occupation, where different dietary behaviour of historical sites is not feasible. It is argued may be observable in comparison to urban that an analysis of button attributes is likely to locations. In this study the dietary behaviour result in more plausible conclusions. of Van Diemen's Land for this era was also investigated to provide a context for the Sam George results from the whaling stations. A major component of the investigation was to detennine the contribution each of the Archaeology in the Suburbs: A View from identified species made to the diet, and to the City ofMonash. examine any similarities or differences between the two sites. This thesis has been fonnulated to investigate the application ofarchaeology in the suburban Catherine Tucker landscape. The thesis uses simple and straightforward archaeological methods to identifY aspects of the 'hidden' heritage in the AWSANZ Project suburban City of Monash, Melbourne. Data from the prehistoric Aboriginal, Aboriginal Preliminary Notes on Excavations at Hewitt European contact, and post-contact periods is and Kelly's Whaling Station, Lagoon Bay, analysed and interpreted in order to produce a Tasmania more integrated fonn oflocal history. Sources of iufonnation include unpublished heritage The remains ofat least two and possibly three management reports, unpublished buildings from a fonner shore whaling station archaeological site surveys, social histories, were uncovered at Lagoon Bay, Tasmania, local histories, town planning and during archaeological excavations in February management reports and plans, and primary 1999. One of the buildings is believed to have documents. Approaches used are derived been the headsman's quarters, while the from cultural geography and urban history in others were crew quarters. Associated with addition to archaeology. the structural remains were a range of artefacts, including transfer-printed Kevin Hoey earthenware, olive glass beer/wine and gin bottles, clay pipes, bone buttons, iron nails, A Whaler's Ration: A Comparison of the and copper sheathing. A brief underwater Faunal Remains from Adventure Bay and survey of the adjacent seabed (all that weather Lagoon Bay Shore-Based Whaling Stations would allow) was unproductive, with only one in Tasmania. whale skull located. The work was carried out by a team of archaeologists led by Susan This thesis fonns a component of the Lawrence of La Trobe University, in Archaeology of Whaling in Southern collaboration with Mike Nash of the Australia and New Zealand project. As part Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service. It is of this broad study two fonner shore-based part ofthe AWSANZ project whaling stations in southern Tasmania were ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 10 and follows on from tile successful brick hearth in the centre of the southeastern excavations of the Kelly and Lucas station on external wall. A single course of in situ stone aruny Island, Tasmania in 1997. indicated the location of three of the exterior The station was owned by James Kelly in walls and the interior wall, but no stone was partnership with Thomas Hewitt, who applied evident on the fourth (northeastern) side, and for a three year lease in 1838 (Evans, K.. there was insufficient rubble on site to suggest Shore Based Whaling in Tasmania Historical that the walls had been entirely or even Research Project. Volume 2: Site Histories. partially stone built. It is probable that the Department of Parks and Wildlife Tasmania, building was of timber framing infilled with Hobart 1993:28). The application bark or wattle and daub, and several in situ immediately brought them into conflict with charred timber stumps on the northeastern Alexander Imlay, who had recently purchased side support this. A faint lense ofwhite shell a farm with frontage on the bay, on which he mortar along this wall suggests that the intended to establish his own whaling station. interior at least was rendered. The building Imlay claimed that the allotment leased to had one exterior door on the southwestern side Kelly and Hewitt was within his property, but and one door in the middle of the interior this was eventually disproven. Kelly and dividing wall. Both doorways were floored Hewitt sel up their station on the south side of with a paving of fist-sized water rounded the hay, and Imlay was forced to build pebbles. Outside building on the northern and opposite them to the northwest. Lagoon Bay western sides a stone paving, at least 2 m wide is located on the east side of the Forestier ran parallel to the house walls at a distance of Peninsula, not far from Port Arthur, and the .5 m. The clay soils ofthe site rapidly become establishment of whaling stations there was of gluey under foot when wet, and this paving some concern to the government. One of the may have functioned as a more solid pathway conditions of Kelly's lease therefore was that around the building. Alternatively, as it was he provide for two police constables to be located approximately where eaves might be stationed nearby. TIlese constables were to expected to end, it may have been laid to prevent absconding convicts from making prevent erosion caused by water running off contact with the whalers, and did capture the roof Both rooms appear to have had three convicts in the area in 1842, although earthen floors, and a large quantity of the men later overpowered the constables and fragmentary glass, ceramics, clay pipes, metal escaped. Kelly may have used the station as and bone was recovered from the northern late as 1854, as he applied for a renewal ofhis room. Evidence of an earlier fireplace was three year lease in 1851. revealed in the southern room, located below the level of the chimney still standing. This Lagoon Bay is a large, sheltered bay opening earlier fireplace was built at right angles to the to the east. Kelly conducted his whaling second one, and was not abutting any walls. It operations from a small cove in the south-east too was built of local stone, one course of comer, where two rocky promontories offer which remained. even greater protection to a short stretch of sandy beach. The tryworks, and possibly Two smaller trenches (subsequently joined associated boat sheds and oil storage areas, into one) were located on smaller fireplace were located on the level bench immediately mounds to the north of the main structure. behind the beach, while the men's huts were Excavations here revealed the remains of four located on the headland some 20 metres above separate fireplaces of stone and brick. Their the beach to the west. The headland is a level, orientation suggests they may have been in an grassy terrace several hundred square metres L-shaped two room building. Two fireplaces in area, on which the remains of several face each other at either end ofa room 9.75 m structures are evident. Excavations were long, and at right angles and to the west of carried out here, with trenches laid oul al five this was another room at least 15 m long. fireplace mounds. As the deposits were fairly One fireplace is located at tile northern end of shallow it was possible to employ open area the room while the other is located along the excavation methods. long eastern wall, almost backing on to one of the fireplaces in the eastern room. With the The maximum area exposed was 10 m x 15 m exception of one footings trench along the at the main structure. This revealed a two southern wall, no other structural remains roomed building 11 m long and 8 m wide, were found in this area to suggest the plan of with a stone and mud mortar fireplace with ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 11 the building or buildings here. It seems Although not yet assessed for inclusion in the probable that this building was also built of State Register of Heritage Places, the Canning timber framing with waUs of bark, slab, or Stock Route was adopted as a Heritage Trail wattle and daub. A large quantity of in 1988 by the then WA Heritage Commission fragmentary artefacts was recovered from the and signposted with Bi-Centennial funding. western room. In 1991, ways of managing what had come to be recognised as a unique and historic 4WD As was the case at the KeUy and Lucas station touring attraction were discussed by a on Bruny Island, there was a wide variety of committee formed by the Department ofLand transfer printed ceramics represented in the Administration (DOLA), the agency artefact assemblage. However, there were responsible for the unvested temporary reserve fewer faunal remains and only a small number that forms the stock route. In addition to of fragments of whalebone recovered. Of myself, then an office in DOLA, this group particular note were the many copper nails, included representatives from several tacks, spikes, and pieces of sheathing government departments including recovered, which suggest the use of marine Conservation and Land Management stores to patch the timber huts. (CALM), the WA Police Department, Emergency Services, etc., the RACWA, tour Funding for the excavation was provided by guides and 4WD clubs. Because of the an Australian Research Council SPIRT logistics involved, no single body could afford (Industry CoUaborative) grant, in partnership to undertake the overall management of the with the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife route and the committee eventually lapsed. Service, Heritage Victoria, and the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. As a member of that early committee, I was Access to the site, which is privately owned, delighted to see it revitalised a few years ago was by the kind permission of Tom and or the initiative of Tread Lightly and the Cynthia Dunbabin. publisher ofa Western Australian based 4WD magazine. The new group comprised many of Susan Lawrence the agencies listed above and also included La Trobe University representatives from HCWA (myself), the Heritage and Culture Division of the Aboriginal Affairs Department, Keep Canning Stock Route Australia Beautiful, relevant Shire Councils, and the WA Branch of the Association of FoUowing the publication of Gordon 4WD Clubs. The group was incorporated in Grimwade's article on the Canning Stock 1997 as Track Care WA, an organisation to Route (Ausiralasian Historical Archaeology assist in the management of aU major 4WD 16:70-79), the author received the foUowing tracks in WA. AU members ofTrack Care are letter, which may be of some interest to volunteers and the achievements of the readers. organisation have been prodigious. Dear Gordon In relation to the Canning Stock Route in Thank you for your letter requesting the particular, a massive cleanup involving the encouragement of sound heritage practices in supervision and insurance of over 60 connection with well modifications on the volunteers working on twelve different Canning Stock Route. Many of the recent projects was completed in 1998. Track Care well restoration projects approved by Track also managed to raise $17,000 in donations to Care WA have been discussed with members construct a pair of self-composting toilets at ofthe Development Committee ofthe Heritage Durba Spring. Work is progressing on a draft Council of WA (HCWA) and I am assured management plan in which the heritage values that the heritage significance of the wells as of the route wiU be recognised. As the stock route watering places will not be Heritage Council's representative on the affected by the works being carried out. You Track Care committee, I have been in a may not be aware ofthe more recent history of position to comment whenever the the stock route and the grave difficulties refurbishment ofwells has been discussed. involved in its management in the light of dwindling government budgets. In my opinion, there is ample documentary ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 12 evidence to indicate when and by whom the volunteers working on well conservation or wells were constructed in 1908-10, likewise reconstruction projects. when and by whom they were repaired/reconstructed in the 1929, 1930-3 I Please feel free to publish this letter should and 1942-44 campaigns. We have details of you so wish. materials and manufactured items used to construct the wells and we know the exact Yours sincerely, construction methods, depths and rates of flow Ian Elliot from Public Works Department plans and Track Care WA Inc files, and Mines Department files. Use of the wells by drovers was never heavy as the stock Gordon Grimwade route was only used for travelling stock on a few occasions. Their use by Aborigines would be little different to the dozens ofother 'native wells' and sinkholes scattered throughout the CONFERENCE NOTES western deserts. In the restoration of Well 26 in 1983, the sediment removed contained only the remains of galahs and finches; pieces of Chinese in Australia Workshop old well timber including the original windlass barrel, and hundreds of kilograms of 11-13 February 2000 sand. The more recent restoration of other wells has similarly failed to uncover anything The University ofNSW ofparticular significance. Speakers include: In relation to the particular example you cite Priscilla Wegers (University ofIdaho) from the July 1999 Australian Geographic Terry Abrahams (University ofIdaho) Member's Newsletter, Ken Maidment Dr Neville Ritchie (ASHA President) approached Track Care as early as November Gordon Grimwade (Wallin and Grimwade) 1997 to register his interest in carrying out Justin McCarthy (Austral Archaeology) voluntary maintenance on Well 15 with AGS Dr Peter Bell (Historical Research Ply) support. His plans involved re-timbering the well, the removal of sand to the original depth Contact Dr Henry Chan, tel: (02) 9385 of 26 feet and the fitting of covers. He 2356, fax: (02) 4782 9773, e-mail: received the full support of the Track Care [email protected] Committee. At that time, and with the e""erience of previous CSR well maintenance in mind, it was considered doubtful that the archaeological record would be significant ASHA Conrerence 2000 enough to demand the presence of an archaeologist. Held in conjunction with the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology annual Nevertheless, the Track Care Committee conference certainly has no objections to an arcbaeologist accompanying work parties and we agree with Conference announcement and callfor you that this is the ideal heritage practice. We papers would, however, be reluctant to make this a condition ofwell restoration work because that 27 November - 1 December 2000 could possibly prevent Track Care from taking advantage of the enthusiasm of its volunteer Adelaide force. If you are able to recommend an independenUy financed archaeologist with a Further information is available from: 4WD willing to accompany well restoration projects on a voluntary basis, I'm sure the Mark Staniforth Track Care Committee would be only too Archaeology happy to undertake the necessary liaison. Flinders University Failing that, perhaps interested archaeologists PO Box 2100 could put together some guidelines for ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 13 archives, stationery, etc. are all housed at the Adelaide 500 I University of Sydney, the Sydney members of the Committee inevitably meet one another Ph: 08 8201 5195 more frequently than they might otherwise do. Fax:08 820I 3845 The Sydney people get together to mail out the Email [email protected] Newsletter and Journal four or five times a year, in addition to the regularly-scheduled ASHANEWS Committee meetings. They also meet at the ASHA lectures, which is after all as it should be, given that we are a society largely made up of people whose professional and academic Outgoing President's Report interests overlap. When I was elected President at the 1997 Sydney-<:entrism, however accidental, has ASHA Conferenoe in Queenstown, New been overcome by encouraging people from Zealand I set myself a simple program but, other cities to serve on the Commiltee. This like all 'simple' things, it turned out to be has obvious drawbacks in that tele more complicated than I thought. The aim conferencing will be an expensive procedure was to act upon the fact that ASHA is an and there will be proportionately fewer people international society with members whose on hand to help with the maHouts, but the interests extend into a great variety of fields. gains in representativeness and responsiveness As I saw it a corollary of internationalism was will probably outweigh the dra\>backs. that our Journal has to work harder to cater to the wider membership. A concern that arose during my term ofoffice was the storage of the ASHA archives and Sinoe 1991 the Journal had been edited by a back issues of our publications. Currently series of Guest Editors, all very competent and everything is stored free of charge by the assisted by an effective Editorial Commiltee. University of Sydney. This will not last Nonetheless there was a lack ofcontinuity and indefinitely, for the University intends to direction: the Journal seemed occasionally ad redevelop its storage space and we shall have hoc and was certainly compelled to publish to find alternative storage, or cull the works on diverse topics more or less as they collection. We have made a start by offering came in, rather than more unified thematic back-sets of the journal at reduced prices, but issues. To redress this situation it seemed this will not help with the archival material. important to have a General Editor with an These issues are far from being resolved. overarching mandate to decide policy for at least five years and an Editorial Board with The possibility of electronic publication, some clout. particularly ofthe Newsletter is one we should look at very seriously. It would save on There was a surprising amount of opposition printing, stationery, postage, storage and the to my ideas, particularly in relation to the Committee's time. I hope that in future we Editorial Board, on the rather odd basis that shall also consider electronic printing of the committees never get anything done. It took Journal, as this is our major expenditure. two years to get the idea accepted, but it was finally passed at the ASHA Conferenoe in I have on previous occasions referred to Bendigo this year. This issue of the ASHA's role in the Australian National Newsletter includes nomination forms for the Heritage Forum. The Forum has not met position of General Editor and for since 1998, but its recommendation that we membership of the Editorial Board and I hope pay more attention to the rural heritage was many ofyou will consider nominating. taken up by ICOMOS Australia at its 1999 Conference 'The Burra Charter and the Bush' A subsidiary consideration was to decentralise held at Toeal, NSW, 26-28 November 1999. ASHA to make it more responsive to the For information on the outcomes of this, membership. ASHA had been accused in the contact Hector Abrahams, c/- Clive Lucas past of 'cliqueism' and of being Sydney Stapleton & Partners, ISS Brougham St, centric. I am happy to say it is not at all Kings Cross, NSW 2011. c1iqueish. Nevertheless, because the mailbox, ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 14 An initiative ofmy own which is about to bear 1. Determine policy, in consultation with the fruit is the Federation book Common Wealth. Editorial Board which is to be appointed Many and very sincere thanks to those ofyou by June 2000; who have contributed. To those who promised 2. Schedule publications over the five-year to contribute and have not yet done so, please period; consider this a positively final reminder, for 3. Seek out contributions; we go to press in January 2000. I look 4. Oversee publication ofthe annual journal, forward to hearing from you. Australasian Historical Archaeology, and It is a pleasure to thank once again all monographs in the Special Publications members ofthe Committees of 1998 and 1999 series for their tireless hard work and companionship. Sincere thanks also to the The appointee will be somebody with many non-Committee members who donated 1. A demonstrable knowledge of historical time and effort to make the 1998 and 1999 archaeology Conferences and publications a big success. 2. A demonstrated track record in No words are adequate to thank Rowan Ward publishing to deadlines for her extraordinary efficiency and constant good humour, but I say thank you all the same Applicants should send a brief cv, and extend my very best wishes to her and to highlighting those two criteria and explaining the new Committee. why they feel they are competent to carry out this task, by February 2000 to the Secretary of Aedeen Cremin ASHA, PO Box 220, Holme Building, University of Sydney, NSW 2006. Email contact is essential. 1999/2000 ASHA Committee President: Neville Ritchie Editorial Board, Australasian Vice Presidents: Susan Lawrence Aedeen Cremin Society for Historical Treasurer: Charles Brackenridge Archaeology Secretary: Rowan Ward Committee: Maddy Atkinson Graham Connah Callfor nominations Claire Everett Clayton Fredericksen Nominations are invited for membership of Ross Gam the Editorial Board for a period ofthree years, Nadia Iacono commencing June 2000. The Board will Jennie Lindbergh consist of no more than 8 members, one of Rick McGovern-Wilson whom will be the President, or President's Leah McKenzie delegate. There is no remuneration. Terrence Moore Paul Rheinberger Pamela Smith The function of the Board will be to advise Andrew Wilson and assist the General Editor (to be Anna Wong appointed). Public Officer: Denis Gojak Board members will: 1. Assist the Editor in formulating policy; Editorial Opportunity 2. Assist the Editor in seeking out contributions, as required; General Editor for Australasian Historical 3. Act as referees where appropriate; Archaeology 4. Assist with the publication process where appropriate (eg by proofreading, sub Applications are invited for the post of editing, etc.). General Editor for a period of five years, commencing June 2000. There is no Applicants should send a letter of interest, remuneration. explaining why the feel they are competent to carry out these tasks, by 15 February 2000 to The Editor will ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 15 the Secretary of ASHA, PO Box 220, Holme JOKE FOR THE NEWYEAR Building, University of Sydney, NSW 2006. Email contact is essential. Daily exercisefor the non-athletic Historical Archaeologist FORTHCOMING NEWSLETTERS Dieting alone cannot attain proper weight control and physical fitness. Many people who are engaged iu sedentary occupations do not realise that calories can be burned by the hundreds by engaging in strenuous activities The ASHA Newsletter is produced quarterly that do not require physical exercise. with the assistance of guest editors. The 2000 Here is a guide to calorie-buming activities guest editors are: and the number of calories per hour they consume: March Mac North June Wayne Johnson Beating around the bush 75 September Mark Staniforth Jumping to conclusions 100 December To be advised Climbing the walls 150 Swallowing your pride 50 Passing the buck 25 In order to facilitate a more efficient Throwing your weight around 50-300 newsletter production, all contributions should (Depending on your weight) be forwarded to the e-mail address of your Dragging you heels 100 state rep by the second week of the month Pushing your Luck 250 prior to circulation. See the last page of the Making mountains out ofmolehills 500 Newsletter for contact details. Hitting the nail on the head 50 Wading through paperwork 300 The guest editors are asked to finalise the Bending over backwards 75 newsletter in the third week of the month Jumping on the bandwagon 200 prior to circulation. Final copy must reach the Balancing the books 25 General Editor, (Ross Gam), by the final week Running around in circles 350 ofthe month prior to circulation. Eating crow 225 Tooting your own hom 25 This is your newsletter and your contributions Climbing the ladder ofsuccess 750 are vital. Please check deadlines diligently. Pulling out the stops 75 Your efficiency will be greatly appreciated. I Adding fuel to the fire 160 look forward to your forthcoming news of Wrapping it up at the day's end 12 events. Opening a can ofworms 50 Putting your foot in your mouth 300 Ross Gam Starting the ball rolling 90 General Editor Going over the edge 25 ASHA Newsletter Picking up the pieces afterwards 350 Ofthose ofyou that know me I do not practice ASHA and the GST any of these and that is the only reason that I am overweight. Ross Gam Our treasurer, Charles Brackenridge, will be attending a GST conference in December and with the gained expertise, will guide the committee on whether we adopt GST or not. The outcome and recommeudations will be forthcoming in the next newsletter. ASHA Newsletter 29.4 1999 PAGE 16 ASHA PUBLICATIONS Australasian Historical Archa~ology Mom""'" VolumeJ Ollr o/print Volumes2-13 Slo.oO each SI2.oo ..eh Volume 14 (1996) S18.00 S22.OO Volume 15 (1991) SI8.00 S22.00 Major Publications Binningham, J., D. Baimow. & A Wilson (cds) S26.00 Arc1laeology tJIId ColonislllWn: AWlTaUa in the World Con/at, Papenftom the Sellnah Annual ASHA ConferMu Birmingham, J. S36.00 Wybalmlt4: TlteArdttuOlogy o/CulJuralAccommodoJion in NindunJ.h CmJury Tasmani4. Lawrence. S. 8< M. SWUfO<1h (e Rogers, B. S12.50 Nindun.tJr CMlury Salt Manufaduring SiJes in TtumaniD. Occasional Papers Maureen Byrne, Ron 1Jri4g~ TtumanUl. $6.00 each Eleanor Crosby: Survey and UCDVatWns III Fort DundJu, !ofdlJiJk Isuznd, NT. Marjorie Graham: PrintdCeramics in Awtratia. R. V.J. Varman: TJreManeiJks or French Partun Tile in Awtralia. Postal:e and pacldne inAwtnlla: Postace and pacldnl: overseas (surface mail): Journals - Occasional Papm add $4.00 per item Journals - Occasional Papers add S5.OO per item Major publications add S6.50 per item Major publications add SIS.00 per item ASHA CONTACTS ACT Richard Morrison 011: 02 62112133 d- AHC. GPO Box 1561. Canberra 2601 rax: 02 62112095 e-mail: [email protected] Ns\V Jennie Lindbergh ph: 02 9698 2417 23 Thomas Street. Darlington, NSW. 2008 e-mail: [email protected] NZ Nevi lie Ritchie ph: 0011 648383363 ~ ofConservation, Private Bag 3072, Hamitton, e-mail: [email protected] NT Clayton Fredericksen ph: 08 8946 6865 Anthr~'-QID'A Northern Tenitory University rax: 08 8946 6955 Darwut. NT;0909 email: [email protected] QLD Gordon Grimwade ph: 014095 3131 PO Box 9, Yungaburra, QW, 4872 rax: 014095 2111 e·mail: [email protected] SA Marl< StanifO<1h ph: 08 82015195 School ofCultural Studies, Flinders University lax: 08 8201 3845 PO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 500 1 e-maH: [email protected] TAS M. Jones 011: 036233 3840 Parks and Wildlife Tasmania rax: 0362333411 PO Box 44A, Hobart, TAS 1001 e--mail: [email protected] VIC Fiona Weaver ph: 03 5243 1462 241be Avenue, Belmont, Vic., 3216 e-mail: [email protected] WA Alistair Paterson 011: 08 9380 2861 Archaeology~ University of Westem Australia fax: 08 9380 1023 Nedland<. WA 6901 e--maiJ: [email protected] Editor this Issue: Susan lAwrence General Editor Ross Gam Email [email protected] ASHA Newsletter 28.4 1998