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H. Sieboldii Complex = コバギボウシ Part 1 Introduction to Part 1

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H. Sieboldii Complex = コバギボウシ Part 1 Introduction to Part 1 Hosta Species Update●The Hosta Library●ORG20071220●©W. George Schmid 2010 Rev. Issue Part 1 200.80,121 Rev. 1 Rev. Issue Part 2 2010.12.03 R2 The H. sieboldii Complex = コバギボウシ Part 1 Introduction to Part 1 History and Nomenclature: H. montana (オオバギボウシ= Ōba Gibōshi) and H. sieboldii (コバギボウシ= Koba Gibōshi) are the only two species spread throughout the Japanese Archipelago. In Japan, H. montana is known as Ōba Gibōshi, the “large-leaved hosta” and the Japanese name Koba Gibōshi for H. sieboldii translates to “small-leaved hosta.” Both H. montana and H. sieboldii develop plastogene mutations and adaptive phenotypes over their large habtat. However, H. sieboldii has a much higher proclivity for mutations and has developed many variegated forms of the all-green species. The in situ wild populations have green leaves and it is the green form known as Koba Gibōshi in Japan. Notwith- standing, it was a white-margined form (rarely seen in the wild), which was the first representative of this species to be validly published by J. Paxton (1838 – see picture page 2). This white-margined sport has served as the taxonomic type for the H. sieboldii complex for many years, albeit under the illegitimate name Funkia albomarginata. As with all the other mutants, this white-margined form does not come true from seed and is nonperpetuating in the wild. It is important taxonomically having served as the type and basionym for the entire complex and H. sieboldii Part 2 is detailing its taxonomic importance. In horticulture, this white-margined mutant was named H. sieboldii ‘Sieboldii’ following the ICNCP (1995). The 2004 edition of H. sieboldii var. sieboldii (コバギボウシ= Koba Gibōshi in situ) Typical in situ population competing with tall wetland grasses Loc. cit.: Saragamine Wetland (皿ケ嶺湿地) in Ehime-ken (愛媛県); Shikoku (湿地) Court.: © plala/saragamine 2010-12-03 - 1 - Hemerocallis Sieboldii = Hosta sieboldii ‘Albomarginata’ By J. Paxton, March 1838. Magazine of Botany 5:25–26 (Original in the author’s collection) 2010-12-03 - 2 - ICNCP (Art. 19.8; Ex.14.), cor- rected the name to H. sieboldii ‘Albomarginata’ and original name and basionym of this cul- ton is Funkia albomarginata (orig. Funckia albomarginata) of Hooker (in Bot. Mag. tab. 3567; May, 1938 ►). Stearn (1931), Stearn pointed out that the epithet sieboldii has prior- ity over albomarginata. Revi- sion to reflect this priority was formally proposed by Ingram (1967) and validated by Hara (1984). However H. sieboldii ‘Albomarginata’ is a plasto- gene mutation that seldom occurs in wild populations of the species. The appearance of white leaf margins is rare and cannot be inherited by normal propagation cycles (Yasui, 1929; Vaughn, 1978). Selfed offspring of the variegated mu- tant has morphometric fea- tures identical to those of the non-variegated taxon found in the wild. For this reason, in this Species Update, the wild species referred to by the Japanese as コバギボウシ = Koba Gibōshi is here con- Funkia albo-marginata Hooker 1839 sidered H. sieboldii var. sieboldii and the white-mar- = H. sieboldii ‘Albomarginata’ gined mutation has been re- Curtis's Botanical Magazine 65 (1839), tab. 3567 duced to cultivar status as H. ic. S. Curtis, Glazenwood, Essex, dated May 1838 sieboldii ‘Albomarginata’ (per W. Fitch, del. Swan sc. ICNCP 2004; Art. 19.8; Ex. 14 (Original in the author's collection) by Schmid (1991). It states: “Hosta sieboldii published by Ingram (Baileya 15(1): 29. 1967) was based on the name Hemerocallis sieboldii of Paxton (Mag. Bot. 5: 25. March, 1838) which was itself based on a variegated (mutated) plant. Should Paxton's plant be considered referable to a cultivar being grown today, the cultivar is not to be referred to as Hosta sieboldii 'Sieboldii' but is to be given the epithet “Albomarginata,” based on the next validly published name under the ICBN, Funckia albomarginata of Hooker (Bot. Mag. tab. 3567. May, 2010-12-03 - 3 - 1838).” The association of the all-green endemic populations of コバギボウシ (= Koba Gibōshi) with H. ‘Lancifolia’ as H. sieboldii var. sieboldii forma lancifolia as proposed by Hara (1984) is not confirmed since the name “lancifolia” is assigned to another hosta. In addition my own proposal (Schmid, 1991) to solve this significant nomenclatural confusion by validating H. sieboldii var. sieboldii f. spathulata (Miquel) W.G. Schmid 1991 as a comb. nov. is here also not confirmed in order to simplify the nomenclature of this taxon per the autonym rules. Therefore, in this Species Update, the following taxonomic order is maintained: Part 1 deals with: H. sieboldii var. sieboldii (in Japan コバギボウシ = Koba Gibōshi), the wild, non-variegated plant growing in the natural habitat (formerly H. sieboldii var. sieboldii f. spathulata Schmid 1991. Part 2 deals with: H. sieboldii ‘Albomarginata’ (formerly known as H. albomarginata) is used for the plastome mutation with white margins. Part 3 deals with: H. sieboldii and its variegated, chloroplast mutant culta given botanical names by F. Maekawa (1940) and other named mutants (sports). H. ‘Lancifolia’ = Saji Gibōshi (= サジギボウシ = 匙擬宝珠) Typical leaves with 4-6 (7) vein pairs; tepals: pale lavender; anthers purple. Court.: © Hana Vymazalová The H. ‘Lancifolia’/H. sieboldii Confusion and Differentiation: The taxonomic problem caused by the association of the binomial H. lancifolia and all of its historic synonyms with H. sieboldii is still troubling to Hosta nomenclature. To understand how this confusion came about, a brief history is in order: H. lancifolia, known today as the cultivar H. ‘Lancifolia’ (Schmid; 1991) is in Japan called Saji Gibōshi (= “spoon[-shaped] hosta” = サジギボウシ = 匙擬宝珠). It was the first pictorial representation of a member of the genus Hosta introduced to Western botany. It appeared under the name Giboosi altera (nom. nud.) on a drawing pub- lished by Kaempfer in 1692. In 1780, Thunberg collected the herbarium lectotype of 2010-12-03 - 4 - H. sieboldii var. sieboldii (in situ) = コバギボウシ = Koba Gibōshi) Wetland Meadow near Tsukude-mura (作手村); Aichi-ken (愛知県) With native grasses and endemic Hemerocallis vulva ▪ 1986.08.06 Aletris Japonica (= Giboosi altera; now in herbarium Uppsala (UPS)). Many historic taxonomists have identified this type specimen to be a hosta known as Hosta ‘Lancifolia’, which is a sterile hybrid cultigen of ancient Japanese origin and is repre- sented by a number of very similar looking clones. Thunberg changed the name of this taxon several times: In 1784 to Hemerocallis japonica and in 1794 to Hemerocallis lancifolia. The latter became the basionym for Funkia lancifolia (Sprengel; 1825), which was changed to Hosta lancifolia after the generic name Hosta Trattinick was conserved over Funkia Sprengel in 1905 (International Botanical Congress (IC) of Vienna in accordance with Article 20 (cfr. IR 1935) and Article 24 (ICBN 1952)). In 1829, von Siebold (Hensen 1985; Schmid 1991) brought the first living specimens of the Hosta sieboldii complex from Japan. It was fertile and listed in von Siebold’s catalog in 1830, named by him as Funkia spathulata foliis albomarginatis (= Hosta albomarginata = H. sieboldii ‘Albomarginata’), namely the white-margined mutation. Von Siebold experimented by planting seeds of this plant and he reported the appearance of all-green plants. Further research showed them to be the species H. sieboldii var. sieboldii (= コバギボウシ = Koba Gibōshi). After his return from his second stay in Japan in 1860, von Siebold named the species Funkia spathulata (= Hosta sieboldii f. spathulata Schmid 1991 = H. sieboldii var. sieboldii = Koba Gibōshi), representing the Japanese wild populations of H. sieboldii, Von Siebold’s many plant imports between 1829 and 1862 and after his return on to 1879, gave rise to a monograph published by Friedrich Miquel in 1869. Von Siebold did not provide 2010-12-03 - 5 - botanical descriptions for his many plant imports (including his hostas) so his names were taxonomically nomina nuda and as such not legitimate names. Miquel sought to correct this, but was ignored by other contemporary botanists as well as horti- culturists. Thus, instead of citing Miquel’s work, later authors continued to use von Siebold's listings and catalogs and the names appearing there. This gave rise to considerable confusion in the nomenclature of many of Siebold’s species and varieties. H. ‘Lancifolia’ = Saji Gibōshi (= サジギボウシ = 匙擬宝珠) Typical cultivated specimen showing typical leaves 5-7 Vein Pairs Hosta Hill R.G. ▪ © 2007 W.G. Schmid; 1988.04.08 It was during this time that H. ‘Lancifolia’ began to be incorrectly associated with H. sieboldii. Von Siebold had always maintained separate names, namely Funkia spathulata for Hosta sieboldii and Funka lancifolia for Hosta ‘Lancifolia’. Miquel was the first to combine them under one taxon and classified H. sieboldii as a variety under H. ‘Lancifolia’. Most major authors dealing with the taxonomy of H. sieboldii (= コバギボウシ = Koba Gibōshi) followed Miquel’s inaccurate placements. In 1940, Maekawa followed this basic arrangement but muddled the placement further by adopting Stearn's H. lancifolia thunbergii (Stearn; 1931), using it changed to H. lancifolia var. thunbergiana. Also, while citing many of the correct synonyms for H. ‘Lancifolia’, Stearn described morphological features pertinent to Koba Gibōshi, namely H. sieboldii var. sieboldii. The lack of field-collected vouchers also contributed to the confusion. In Japan the differences between H. ‘Lancifolia’ (Saji Gibōshi (= サジギボウシ = 匙擬宝珠; by Iinuma, 1874) and H. sieboldii var. sieboldii (Koba Gibōshi (= コバ ギボウシ; fide Makino; Somoku Dzusetzu, 2nd to 3rd ed.) were recognized early on and (above) separate Japanese academic names assigned. Try- ing to match the already confused European nomenclature to Japanese plants was barely possible. That is why Maekawa (1940) assigned the cultivated hybrid H. 2010-12-03 - 6 - ‘Lancifolia’ as the type for the H. sieboldii complex, naming the wild Japanese species (i.e., Koba Gibōshi!) H. lancifolia var. thun- bergiana. He also included in this placement a number of variegat- ed plastome mutant forms of H.
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