K. Fujita1, E. E. Dretzka2 and A. Grantz3 This Report Is Preliminary and Has Not Been Reviewed for Conformity with U. S. Geologi
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PICES Sci. Rep. No. 2, 1995
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD vii Part 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE OKHOTSK SEA AND KURIL REGION 3 1.1 Okhotsk Sea water mass modification 3 1.1.1Dense shelf water formation in the northwestern Okhotsk Sea 3 1.1.2Soya Current study 4 1.1.3East Sakhalin Current and anticyclonic Kuril Basin flow 4 1.1.4West Kamchatka Current 5 1.1.5Tides and sea level in the Okhotsk Sea 5 1.2 Influence of Okhotsk Sea waters on the subarctic Pacific and Oyashio 6 1.2.1Kuril Island strait transports (Bussol', Kruzenshtern and shallower straits) 6 1.2.2Kuril region currents: the East Kamchatka Current, the Oyashio and large eddies 7 1.2.3NPIW transport and formation rate in the Mixed Water Region 7 1.3 Sea ice analysis and forecasting 8 2.0 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS 9 2.1 Hydrographic observations (bottle and CTD) 9 2.2 Direct current observations in the Okhotsk and Kuril region 11 2.3 Sea level measurements 12 2.4 Sea ice observations 12 2.5 Satellite observations 12 Part 2. REVIEW OF OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE OKHOTSK SEA AND OYASHIO REGION 15 1.0 GEOGRAPHY AND PECULIARITIES OF THE OKHOTSK SEA 16 2.0 SEA ICE IN THE OKHOTSK SEA 17 2.1 Sea ice observations in the Okhotsk Sea 17 2.2 Ease of ice formation in the Okhotsk Sea 17 2.3 Seasonal and interannual variations of sea ice extent 19 2.3.1Gross features of the seasonal variation in the Okhotsk Sea 19 2.3.2Sea ice thickness 19 2.3.3Polynyas and open water 19 2.3.4Interannual variability 20 2.4 Sea ice off the coast of Hokkaido 21 -
Cretaceous Tectonics and Geological Environments in East Russia
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21 (2003) 967–977 www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes Cretaceous tectonics and geological environments in East Russia G.L. Kirillova Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 65 Kim Yu Chen Str., Khabarovsk 680000, Russian Federation Received 5 October 2000; revised 7 October 2001; accepted 26 April 2002 Abstract By the Late Jurassic, the northern part of the East Asian continental margin was diversified. Principal structural constituents were the Siberian (or North Asian) craton bounded on the east by a miogeosynclinal fold belt, a system of smaller ancient blocks, and a collage of terranes that had been attached to the craton from the east and southeast at different times. Such a diverse structural environment caused variability of Cretaceous landscapes and related sedimentary systems. Global processes of lithospheric plate interaction and related regional tectonic processes played a leading role in Cretaceous environmental changes in the continental margin of East Russia. During the Early Cretaceous, the oblique plate convergence produced a transform continental margin over a long period of time. During the Middle Albian, a collage of terranes were attached to the continental margin of East Russia. Then during the Late Albian period, the angle of convergence increased, subduction resumed, and a giant East Asian volcanic belt formed along the continental margin. This belt was morphologically represented by a chain of mountain ridges (up to 3000 m), thus creating a sublongitudinal tectonic and climatic zonation. The active continental margin with a typical environmental arrangement of marginal seas–island arcs–the open sea, persisted until the end of the Cretaceous. -
Russia and the Eurasian Republics THIS REGION Spans the Continents of Europe and Asia
390-391 U5 CH14 UO TWIP-860976 3/15/04 5:21 AM Page 390 Unit Workers on the statue Russians in front of Motherland Calls, St. Basil’s Cathedral, Volgograd Moscow 224 390-391 U5 CH14 UO TWIP-860976 3/15/04 5:22 AM Page 391 RussiaRussia andand the the EurasianEurasian f you had to describe Russia RepublicsRepublics Iin one word, that word would be BIG! Russia is the largest country in the world in area. Its almost 6.6 million square miles (17 million sq. km) are spread across two continents—Europe and Asia. As you can imagine, such a large country faces equally large challenges. In 1991 Russia emerged from the Soviet Union as an independent country. Since then it has been struggling to unite its many ethnic groups, set up a demo- cratic government, and build a stable economy. ▼ Siberian tiger in a forest NGS ONLINE in eastern Russia www.nationalgeographic.com/education 225 392-401 U5 CH14 RA TWIP-860976 3/15/04 5:28 AM Page 392 REGIONAL ATLAS Focus on: Russia and the Eurasian Republics THIS REGION spans the continents of Europe and Asia. It includes Russia—the world’s largest country—and the neigh- boring independent republics of Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Russia and the Eurasian republics cover about 8 million square miles (20.7 million sq. km). This is greater than the size of Canada, the United States, and Mexico combined. The Caspian Sea is actually a salt lake that lies at the base of the Caucasus Mountains in The Land Russia’s southwest. -
Contemporary State of Glaciers in Chukotka and Kolyma Highlands ISSN 2080-7686
Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series, No. 19 (2020): 5–18 http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2020-0006 Contemporary state of glaciers in Chukotka and Kolyma highlands ISSN 2080-7686 Maria Ananicheva* 1,a, Yury Kononov 1,b, Egor Belozerov2 1 Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Geography, Moscow, Russia 2 Lomonosov State University, Faculty of Geography, Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Geography, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6377-1852, b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3117-5554 Abstract. The purpose of this work is to assess the main parameters of the Chukotka and Kolyma glaciers (small forms of glaciation, SFG): their size and volume, and changes therein over time. The point as to whether these SFG can be considered glaciers or are in transition into, for example, rock glaciers is also presented. SFG areas were defined from the early 1980s (data from the catalogue of the glaciers compiled by R.V. Sedov) to 2005, and up to 2017: these data were retrieved from sat- Key words: ellite images. The maximum of the SGF reduction occurred in the Chantalsky Range, Iskaten Range, Chukotka Peninsula, and in the northern part of Chukotka Peninsula. The smallest retreat by this time relates to the gla- Kolyma Highlands, ciers of the southern part of the peninsula. Glacier volumes are determined by the formula of S.A. satellite image, Nikitin for corrie glaciers, based on in-situ volume measurements, and by our own method: the av- climate change, erage glacier thickness is calculated from isogypsum patterns, constructed using DEMs of individu- glacier reduction, al glaciers based on images taken from a drone during field work, and using ArcticDEM for others. -
Mosses of the Mus-Khaya Mountain (Yakutia, Asiatic Russia) Мхи Горы Мус-Хая (Якутия, Азиатская Россия) E.A
Arctoa (2011) 20: 211-226 MOSSES OF THE MUS-KHAYA MOUNTAIN (YAKUTIA, ASIATIC RUSSIA) МХИ ГОРЫ МУС-ХАЯ (ЯКУТИЯ, АЗИАТСКАЯ РОССИЯ) E.A. IGNATOVA1, E.I. IVANOVA2, O.V. IVANOV3, M.S. IGNATOV4 Е.А. ИГНАТОВА1, Е.И. ИВАНОВА2, О.В. ИВАНОВ3, М.С. ИГНАТОВ4 Резюме Moss flora of the area around the second highest peak of Yakutia, the Mus- Khaya Mt., is studied. This area is close to the coldest place of the Northern Hemi- sphere. Severe condition and high content of heavy metals result is a rather poor diversity of 180 species; their list is annotated by altitudinal range, frequency, locality and habitat information. Map of Gollania turgens is provided; Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana, M. elongata and Andreaea papillosa are discussed and illustrated. Резюме Исследована флора мхов в районе горы Мус-Хая, второй высочайшей вершины Якутии. Этот район находится в непосредственной близости к полюсу холода Северного полушария. Суровые условия и высокое содержание тяжелых металлов обуславливают относительную бедность флоры мхов, включающей 180 видов. Аннотированный список содержит информацию о высотном диапазоне, частоте встречеаемости видов, точкам сбора и местообитаниям. Приводится карта распространения Gollania turgens, обсуждение и иллюстрации Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana, M. elongata и Andreaea papillosa. KEYWORDS: mosses, flora, metallophytes, Yakutia, Suntar-Khayata Range INTRODUCTION 245 sq. km, being the largest glaciated area in The moss flora of Republic of Sakha (Yaku- the North-East Siberia. The Kongor and Suntar tia) has got recently a comprehensive overview Rivers originating from this mountain area be- in the checklist of Ivanova et al. (2005), although long to the Indigirka River Basin, Yudoma River its huge territory, the largest administrative unit flows to the Maya, then to the Aldan, and then to of the Russian Federation, 3,104,000 square km, the Lena River, while the D’yakul is a tributary of is still too underexplored. -
The Influence of Shale Diapirs on Turbidite Stages Distribution in the Cexis, Cantagalo and Massapêfields, Recôncavo Basin, Bahia
The influence of shale diapirs on turbidite stages distribution in the Cexis, Cantagalo and MassapêFields, Recôncavo Basin, Bahia. Igor de Andrade Neves, Antonio Fernando Menezes Freire,, Wagner Moreira Lupinacci Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF Copyright 2019, SBGf - Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica attraction effect, which accelerates the ascending movement of diapiric material, thus he concludes that the This paper was prepared for presentation during the 16th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 19-22 August 2019. formation of gravitational instability is due to a combination of lithostatic charge unbalance and Contents of this paper were reviewed by the Technical Committee of the 16th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society and do not necessarily appearance of a positive counter-attraction. represent any position of the SBGf, its officers or members. Electronic reproduction or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the Brazilian Geophysical Society is prohibited. The aim of this work is to better understand the tectono- ____________________________________________________________________ sedimentary formation of shale diapirs and consequently Abstract the distribution of turbidities reservoirs of the Late Cretaceous of the Caruaçu Mb.,Maracangalha Fm., in the The evolution of geological/geophysical knowledge over Cexis, Cantagalo and MassapêFields. the years has discovered new plays in the Recôncavo Basin.Turbidite sandstones of the Caruaçu Member, The study area is located at a NW step from the structural Maracangalha Formation, of age Middle Rio da Serra are low named Camaçari Low, what is the main oil and gas the main reservoirs of the Cantagalo and Massapê generation kitchen in the southern compartment of the fields.The deposition of these turbidites may be had Recôncavo Basin (Fig. -
Chapter 4 Phytogeography of Northeast Asia
Chapter 4 Phytogeography of Northeast Asia Hong QIAN 1, Pavel KRESTOV 2, Pei-Yun FU 3, Qing-Li WANG 3, Jong-Suk SONG 4 and Christine CHOURMOUZIS 5 1 Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, USA, e-mail: [email protected]; 2 Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, e-mail: [email protected]; 3 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 417, Shenyang 110015, China; 4 Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Korea, e-mail: [email protected]; 5 Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 mail Mall, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Northeast Asia as defined in this study includes the Russian Far East, Northeast China, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, and Hokkaido Island (Japan). We determined the species richness of Northeast Asia at various spatial scales, analyzed the floristic relationships among geographic regions within Northeast Asia, and compared the flora of Northeast Asia with surrounding floras. The flora of Northeast Asia consists of 971 genera and 4953 species of native vascular plants. Based on their worldwide distributions, the 971 gen- era were grouped into fourteen phytogeographic elements. Over 900 species of vascular plants are endemic to Northeast Asia. Northeast Asia shares 39% of its species with eastern Siberia-Mongolia, 24% with Europe, 16.2% with western North America, and 12.4% with eastern North America. -
Siberia, the Wandering Northern Terrane, and Its Changing Geography Through the Palaeozoic ⁎ L
Earth-Science Reviews 82 (2007) 29–74 www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Siberia, the wandering northern terrane, and its changing geography through the Palaeozoic ⁎ L. Robin M. Cocks a, , Trond H. Torsvik b,c,d a Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK b Center for Geodynamics, Geological Survey of Norway, Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, Trondheim, N-7401, Norway c Institute for Petroleum Technology and Applied Geophysics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 NTNU, Norway d School of Geosciences, Private Bag 3, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, 2050, South Africa Received 27 March 2006; accepted 5 February 2007 Available online 15 February 2007 Abstract The old terrane of Siberia occupied a very substantial area in the centre of today's political Siberia and also adjacent areas of Mongolia, eastern Kazakhstan, and northwestern China. Siberia's location within the Early Neoproterozoic Rodinia Superterrane is contentious (since few if any reliable palaeomagnetic data exist between about 1.0 Ga and 540 Ma), but Siberia probably became independent during the breakup of Rodinia soon after 800 Ma and continued to be so until very near the end of the Palaeozoic, when it became an integral part of the Pangea Supercontinent. The boundaries of the cratonic core of the Siberian Terrane (including the Patom area) are briefly described, together with summaries of some of the geologically complex surrounding areas, and it is concluded that all of the Palaeozoic underlying the West Siberian -
From the Historiography of the Kamchatka Evens
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 5 (2013 6) 713-719 ~ ~ ~ УДК 9-17.094.2/8:636(571.56) From the Historiography of the Kamchatka Evens Antonina G. Koerkova* M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk 58 Belinskiy Str., Yakutsk, 677980 Russia Received 11.01.2013, received in revised form 26.03.2013, accepted 30.04.2013 The article explores existing researches on the cultural history of the Evens, who belong to small- numbered indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and Far East. The author analyses all the historiographical researches, and classifies them according to the chronology. Keywords: Evens, historiography, small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and Far East. The work was fulfilled within the framework of the research financed by the Krasnoyarsk Regional Foundation of Research and Technology Development Support and in accordance with the course schedule of Siberian Federal University as assigned by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. From the official sources, the Evens as a life of local peoples. The problem of the research nation are known as the Tungus, Evens, Orochis, history and historiography of the Kamchatka Orochel, Orochons, Lamuts. The most widely Evens is that it has not been studied well. There used names are “evyn”, “evysel” which mean are no integrated monographs dedicated to the “local, living here”. The self-designation of the culture of the Kamchatka Evens. Evens and Ovens are widely spread among the Among the authors who were the first to Evens living in Khabarovsk region, Magadan publish some information on the Kamchatka oblast’, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. -
Palaeoecology of the Early Cambrian Sinsk Biota from the Siberian Platform
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220 (2005) 69–88 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Palaeoecology of the Early Cambrian Sinsk biota from the Siberian Platform Andrey Yu. Ivantsova, Andrey Yu. Zhuravlevb,T, Anton V. Legutaa, Valentin A. Krassilova, Lyudmila M. Melnikovaa, Galina T. Ushatinskayaa aPalaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow 117997, Russia bA´rea y Museo de Paleontologı´a, faculdad de Ciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain Received 1 February 2002; accepted 15 January 2004 Abstract The Sinsk biota (Early Cambrian, Botoman Stage, Siberian Platform) inhabited an open-marine basin within the photic zone, but in oxygen-depleted bottom waters. Its rapid burial in a fine-grained sediment under anoxic conditions led to the formation of one of the earliest Cambrian Lagerst7tte. All the organisms of the biota were adapted to a life under dysaerobic conditions. It seems possible that the adaptations of many Cambrian organisms, which composed the trophic nucleus of the Sinsk Algal Lens palaeocommunity to low oxygen tensions allowed them to diversify in the earliest Palaeozoic, especially during the Cambrian. Nowadays these groups comprise only a negligible part of communities and usually survive in settings with low levels of competition. Nonetheless, the organization of the Algal Lens palaeocommunity was not simple, it consisted of diverse trophic guilds. The tiering among sessile filter-feeders was well developed with the upper tier at the 50 cm level. In terms of individuals, the community was dominated by sessile filter-feeders, vagrant detritophages, and diverse carnivores/scavengers. The same groups, but in slightly different order, comprised the bulk of the biovolume: vagrant epifaunal and nektobenthic carnivores/ scavengers, sessile filter-feeders, and vagrant detritophages. -
Deep Structure, Tectonics and Petroleum Potential of the Western Sector of the Russian Arctic
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Deep Structure, Tectonics and Petroleum Potential of the Western Sector of the Russian Arctic Alexey S. Egorov 1, Oleg M. Prischepa 2, Yury V. Nefedov 2,* , Vladimir A. Kontorovich 3 and Ilya Y. Vinokurov 4 1 The Faculty of Geology, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 2 Oil and Gas Geology Department, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-199106 Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 3 Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, The Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] 4 Deep Geophysics Department, Russian Geological Research Institute, 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-911-230-56-36 Abstract: The evolutionary-genetic method, whereby modern sedimentary basins are interpreted as end-products of a long geological evolution of a system of conjugate palaeo-basins, enables the assessment of the petroleum potential of the Western sector of the Russian Arctic. Modern basins in this region contain relics of palaeo-basins of a certain tectonotype formed in varying geodynamic regimes. Petroleum potential estimates of the Western Arctic vary broadly—from 34.7 to more than 100 billion tons of oil equivalent with the share of liquid hydrocarbons from 5.3 to 13.4 billion tons of oil equivalent. At each stage of the development of palaeo-basins, favourable geological, geochemical and thermobaric conditions have emerged and determined the processes of oil and gas formation, Citation: Egorov, A.S.; Prischepa, migration, accumulation, and subsequent redistribution between different complexes. -
Newell, J. 2004. the Russian Far East
Industrial pollution in the Komsomolsky, Solnechny, and Amursky regions, and in the city of Khabarovsk and its Table 3.1 suburbs, is excessive. Atmospheric pollution has been increas- Protected areas in Khabarovsk Krai ing for decades, with large quantities of methyl mercaptan in Amursk, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, phenols, lead, and Type and name Size (ha) Raion Established benzopyrene in Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and Zapovedniks dust prevalent in Solnechny, Urgal, Chegdomyn, Komso- molsk-on-Amur, and Khabarovsk. Dzhugdzhursky 860,000 Ayano-Maysky 1990 Between 1990 and 1999, industries in Komsomolsky and Bureinsky 359,000 Verkhne-Bureinsky 1987 Amursky Raions were the worst polluters of the Amur River. Botchinsky 267,400 Sovetsko-Gavansky 1994 High concentrations of heavy metals, copper (38–49 mpc), Bolonsky 103,600 Amursky, Nanaisky 1997 KHABAROVSK zinc (22 mpc), and chloroprene (2 mpc) were found. Indus- trial and agricultural facilities that treat 40 percent or less of Komsomolsky 61,200 Komsomolsky 1963 their wastewater (some treat none) create a water defi cit for Bolshekhekhtsirsky 44,900 Khabarovsky 1963 people and industry, despite the seeming abundance of water. The problem is exacerbated because of: Federal Zakazniks Ⅲ Pollution and low water levels in smaller rivers, particular- Badzhalsky 275,000 Solnechny 1973 ly near industrial centers (e.g., Solnechny and the Silinka River, where heavy metal levels exceed 130 mpc). Oldzhikhansky 159,700 Poliny Osipenko 1969 Ⅲ A loss of soil fertility. Tumninsky 143,100 Vaninsky 1967 Ⅲ Fires and logging, which impair the forests. Udylsky 100,400 Ulchsky 1988 Ⅲ Intensive development and quarrying of mineral resourc- Khekhtsirsky 56,000 Khabarovsky 1959 es, primarily construction materials.