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Les Canadiens Francais Et Le Bilinguisme Dans Les Forces Armees Canadiennes

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Les Canadiens Francais Et Le Bilinguisme Dans Les Forces Armees Canadiennes SERVICE HISTORIQUE DE LA DÉFENSE NATIONALE COLLECTION D’HISTOIRE SOCIO-MILITAIRE N° 1 Jean-Pierre Gagnon, Le 22e bataillon (canadien-français) 1914- 1919: étude socio-militaire. N° 2 Jean Pariseau et Serge Bernier, Les Canadiens français et le bilinguisme dans les Forces armées canadiennes, Tome I1763- 1969: Le spectre d’une armée bicéphale. à paraître N° 3 Armand Letellier, Réforme linguistique à la Défense nationale: la mise en marche des programmes de bilinguisme, 1967-1977. N° 4 Jean Pariseau et Serge Bernier, Les Canadiens français et le bilinguisme dans les Forces armées canadiennes, Tome II1969- 1983: Langues officielles: la volonté gouvernementale et la réponse du ministère de la Défense nationale. Hors collection Mémoires du général Jean V. Allard. (collaboration spéciale de Serge Bernier), Boucherville, Les Éditions de Mortagne, 1985. René Morin, Les écoles pour les enfants de militaires canadiens, 1921-1983, Ottawa, QGDN, Service historique, 1986. Ministre des Approvisionnements et Services Canada 1987 En vente au Canada par l’entremise des Librairies associées et autres libraires ou par la poste auprès du Centre d’édition du gouvernement du Canada Approvisionnements et Services Canada Ottawa (Canada) K I A OS9 No de catalogue 063-2/2F au Canada: $24.95 ISBN 0-660-92065-4 à l’étranger: $24.95 Prix sujet à changement sans préavis Tous droits réservés. On ne peut reproduire aucune partie du présent ouvrage, sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce suit (électronique, mécanique, photo- graphique) ni en faire un enregistrement sur support magnétique ou autre pour fins de dépistage ou après diffusion. sans autorisation écrite préalable des Services d’édition. Centre «édition du gouvernement du Canada, Ottawa, Canada KIA OS9. Pariseau, Jean (Joseph Jean-Baptiste) 1924 Bernier, Serge (Gérald Joseph André Serge) 1945 1. Canadiens français 2. Bilinguisme 3. Forces armées canadiennes 1763-1969. 4. Canada histoire socio-militaire. Nota : Dans la préparation du présent ouvrage, les auteurs ont eu libre accès aux documents officiels conservés au ministère de la Défense nationale; toutefois, ils prennent à leur compte les conclusions qu’ils ont tirées et les opinions qu’ils expriment, sans engager en rien la responsabilité du Ministère quant à l’interprétation ou la présentation des faits. Also available in English under the title: FRENCH-CANADIANS AND BILINGUALISM IN THE CANADIAN ARMED FORCES VOLUME I 1763-1969: THE FEAR OF A PARALLEL ARMY Les Canadiens français et le bilinguisme dans les Forces armées canadiennes Tome I 1763-1969: le spectre d’une armée bicéphale JEAN PARISEAU ET SERGE BERNIER Les Canadiens français et le bilinguisme dans les Forces armées canadiennes Tome I 1763-1969: le spectre d’une armée bicéphale Collection d’Histoire socio-militaire No 2 OTTAWA Service historique de la Défense nationale 1987 Spectre n.m. Fantôme, figure fantastique, visible, mais impalpable: spectre hideux. Fig. Épouvantail: le spectre de la guerre. Bicéphale adj. et n. Qui a deux têtes: on voit dans les armoiries russes des aigles bicéphales. NOUVEAU PETIT LAROUSSE ILLUSTRÉ Paris, 1948. Premier Canadien français à devenir Chef de l’état-major de la Défense (1966- 1969), le général Jean Victor Allard, CC, CBE, DSO, ED, CD, profita de la politique de l’unification des Forces armées canadiennes pour améliorer le sort linguistique de ses compatriotes. (Photo UPFC, REP 68.758) vii Table des matières Liste des cartes et photographies ........................................... xi Glossaire................................................................................ xv Abréviations .......................................................................... xix Avant-propos ......................................................................... xxiii Préface (par le général G.C.E Thériault, CMM, CD) ............. xxv INTRODUCTION 1 Première Partie: Historique de l'anglicisation (1763- 1914)...................................................... 25 Chapitre 1 Régime britannique: le démantèle- ment de la milice canadienne- française................................................. 29 Chapitre 2 La Milice canadienne de 1855 à 1914: la confirmation d'une institution anglophone............................................. 43 Deuxième Partie: L'infanterie, refuge des francophones (1914-1939)............................................ 71 Chapitre 3 La Première Guerre mondiale: un nouvel éclairage sur les rapport des Canadiens français ................................. 75 Chapitre 4 L'entre-deux-guerres: leçon mal apprise.................................................... 95 Troisième Partie: Le françaispénible nécessité politique (1939-1962)............................. 109 Chapitre 5 La Deuxième Guerre mondiale: la diversité du service repose sur le bilinguisme à sens unique....................... 113 ix Chapitre 6 Politique d’après-guerre: résistance des chefs d’état-major; création du CMR de Saint-Jean ................................. 149 Quatrième Partie: Des changements de mentalité s'imposent (1913-1969)........................... 185 Chapitre 7 La révolution tranquille et l'enquête sur le bilinguisme et le biculuralisme...... 189 Chapitre 8 L'arrivée du général Allard à titre de chef de l'état-major.................................. 217 ANNEXES 253 RENVOIS 397 INDEX 453 x Liste des cartes et photographies 1 Le général J. V. Allard, CC, CBE, DSO, ED, CD.................................................................................. vii 2 Carte: Le démembrement de la Nouvelle-France.......... 32 3 Carte: Les trois gouvernements du Régime militaire.......................................................................... 33 4 Carte: Districts militaires, 1855-1863............................ 47 5 Carte: Districts militaires, 1868-1885............................ 55 6 L’hon. Sir G.-E. Cartier, Baronet, ministre de la Milice et de la Défense, 1867-1873. L’hon. Sir J.P.R.A. Caron, KCMG, ministre de la Milice et de la Défense, 1880-1892........................... 63 7 Le major-général I.J.C. herbert, CB, général commandant la Milice du Canada, 1890-1895. Le major-général E.T.H. Hutton, CB, ADC, général commandant la Milicedu Canada, 1898-1900...................................................................... 64 8 Militia Orders, 1899, No 12 .......................................... 65 9-12 Affiches de recrutement, 1914....................................... 77-80 13 Le major-général J.L. Lessard, CB Le major-général J.P. Landry, CMG, VD ..................... 81 xi 14 L’honorable lieutenant-général Sam Hughes, KCB, ministre de la Milice et de la Défense, 1911-1916. Henri Bourassa, chef de file des Canadiens français pendant la Première Guerre mondiale............................. 82 15 Carte: Régions et districts militaires, 1916-98946.......... 98 16 Le contre-amiral L.P. Brodeur, VG, CB, CBE. Le vice- maréchal de l,air J.L.E.A. De Niverville, CB................................................................................... 107 17 Appel aux Armes, 1939 .................................................. 115 18 Annonce publicitaire....................................................... 116 19-20 Manchettes des journeaux durant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale ........................................................... 127-128 21 Le personnel du Bureau des traductions militaires en 1944............................................................ 134 22 Carte: Districts du Service du contrôle naval ................. 137 23 Le très hon. E. Lapointe, CP, chef de file des Canadiens français au début de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. L'hon. C.G. Power, CP, MC, ministre de la Défense nationale (Air), 1940-1944 ............................... 139 24 Écusson du 425e Escadron (Alouette)............................. 142 25 Carte: Régions et secteurs, Armée canadienne, 1946-1959....................................................................... 152 26 Carte: Régions et secteurs, Armée canadienne, 1960-1966....................................................................... 153 27 L'hon. B. Claxton, CP, ministre de la Défense nationale, 1946-1954. L'hon. L.J.L. Balcer, CP, député conservateur de Trois-Rivières, 1949-1965.............................................. 161 xii 28 Le major-général J.P.E. Bernatchez, CMM, CBE, DSO, CD. Monsieur Roger Lavergne, directeur général du programme d’éducation pour les personnes à charge............................................................................. 175 29 Le brigadier C.M. Drury, DSO, MBE, sous- ministre de la Défense nationale, 1949-1955. L’hon. J.P.A. Sévigny, CP, Ministre associé de la Défense nationale, 1959-1963 .................................... 176 30 Son Excellence le général G.P. Vanier, CP, DSO, MC, CD, Gouverneur général du Canada, 1959-1967....................................................................... 196 31 Le très hon. L.B. Pearson, CP, Premier ministre du Canada, 1963-1968.................................................... 197 32 L’hon. Lucien Cardin, CP, ministre associé de la Défense nationale, 1963-1965. L’hon. Léo Cadieux, OC, ministre associé, puis ministre de la Défense nationale, 1965-1970................ 203 33 Le brigadier-général M.J.M. Richard, CD Le brigadier-général J.A. Ross, DSO, CD...................... 226 34 Carte: Régions et secteurs militaires, 1967 .................... 228 xiii Glossaire anglophone Signifie une personne dont la langue maternelle ou première est l’anglais. bilinguisme individuel Signifie l’aptitude d’une personne à communiquer
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