DOCSLIB.ORG

Innovative Partnership Approach to Chickpea Seed Production and Technology Dissemination: Lessons from Ethiopia Tesfaye G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innovative Partnership Approach to Chickpea Seed Production and Technology Dissemination: Lessons from Ethiopia Tesfaye G Innovative Partnership Approach to Chickpea seed production and Technology Dissemination: Lessons from Ethiopia Tesfaye G. (on behalf of TL-project team) Pan-African Grain Legume and World Cowpea Conference 28 February to 4 March,2016 Livingstone, Zambia Background Area Production and productivity of chickpea in Ethiopia, 2005-2014 500 2.5 y = 26.28x + 191.7 450 R² = 0.942 400 2 350 y = 0.093x + 0.988 300 R² = 0.954 1.5 250 200 1 Productivity Production/Area 150 100 0.5 50 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Production year Production (000t) Area (000ha) Productivity (t/ha) Linear (Production (000t)) Linear (Productivity (t/ha)) Background…… Importance of Chickpea:- 1 .Source of human food and animal feed .protein (19%), .carbohydrates (60%), .Minerals (phosphorus, calcium, and iron) (Ibrikci et al., 2003). 2 . It returns a significant amount of residue nitrogen to the soil and adds organic matter that improves the fertility of the soil (Pande et al., 2005). 3. Used as rotation crop with several cereals like tef or wheat Background…….. The national chickpea crop improvement program have undertaken considerable research efforts to since, 1974 Released 24 improved varieties at federal and regional level Table 1 depicts improved chickpea varieties released in Ethiopia with their important traits and adaptation niches Name of Released by Year of Days to 100 seed Seed Adaptation Productivity in ton/ha Varieties release maturity Weight(g) rate/ha Altitude Rainfall Research Farmers (m) (mm) station field DZ-10-4 D/ Zeit 1974 111-135 10.2 65-75 1800-2300 700-1100 1.6-2.2 1.1-1.4 DZ-10-11 D/ Zeit 1974 106-123 13.0 70-80 1600-2000 700-1100 1.5-2.8 1.1-1.9 Dube D/Zeit 1978 110-115 22.0 80-90 1800-2300 700-1100 1.7-2.8 1.6-1.7 Mariye D/ Zeit 1985 106-120 25.5 120-140 1500-2300 700-1300 1.8-3.0 1.4-2.3 Werku D/ Zeit 1994 100-149 33.0 100-120 1900-2600 700-1200 1.9-4.0 1.9-2.9 Akaki D/Zeit 1995 57-147 21.0 90-120 1800-2600 700-1200 1.8-4.0 1.9-2.6 Arerti D/ Zeit 1999 105-155 25.7 100-115 1800-2600 700-1200 1.6-5.2 1.8-4.7 Shasho D/Zeit 1999 90-155 29.9 100-125 1800-2600 700-1200 1.6-4.6 2.0-4.2 Chefe D/Zeit 1996 93-150 31 110-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.2-4.8 1.8-3.6 Habru D/ Zeit 1996 91-150 34 110-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.4-5.0 2.0-4.0 Ejere D/ Zeit 1997 118-129 32-37 120-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.5-3.5 1.2-2.8 Teji D/Zeit 1997 122-130 32-37 120-140 1800-2700 700-1200 2.0-3.5 1.6-2.9 Acos Dube D/ Zeit 2001 136 64 140-160 1600-2400 600-1200 1.1-2.4 1.0-1.3 Minjar D/ Zeit 2002 86-143 28 120-140 1800-2600 700-1200 2.2-5.0 2.0-4.0 Natoli D/Zeit 2009 136 29 120-130 1800-2700 700-1200 2.2-2.6 2.0-2.5 Kutaye Sirinka 2005 1.6-2.5 Akuri Sirinka 2011 98 130-150 660-1025 600-1000 2.1-2.6 1.7-2.0 Kasech Sirinka 2011 100 130-150 660-1025 600-1000 2.0-2.5 1.6-2.0 Kobo Sirinka 2012 2.0-2.4 Yelibe Sirinka 2006 77-106 33.1 120-130 660-1025 600-1000 1.8 1.4 Fetenech Sirinka 2005 80-120 75-80 660-1025 600-1000 1.6-2.5 1.4-1.8 Mastewal D/berehan 2005 105-139 100-115 700-1000 600-1000 2.5-3.3 1.5-1.9 Teketay D/Zeit 2013 85-150 120-160 1800-2600 700-1200 2.5-2.8 2.0-2.3 Dalota D/ Zeit 2013 90-145 130-135 1800-2600 700-1200 2.0-2.7 1.6-2.2 Background…… The yield advantage of improved varieties is two to three folds more than farmer’s local varieties Some of these improved varieties were identified to meet local and export market standards Background The national demand for increased food and feed production calls for quality and sufficient availability of seeds of improved varieties Seed is a fundamental yield enhancing input for sustainable agriculture It is important vehicles of improved crop technologies linking the breeders' efforts with the end users (farmers) Background…… There was critical shortage of seed Cognizant of these facts, development of reliable and sustainable seed multiplication and supply system was found to be critical Therefore, effort were made to tackle this bottleneck in a pluralistic approach This presentation provides highlights of the approaches followed to enhance seed multiplication and dissemination of improved technologies 2. Innovative Approaches 2.1. Integration of actors/ partners Effective seed system is a cumulative result of biophysical, social, economic, and institutional integration in a productive approach Considerable efforts were made to bring about an effective integration between major actors in the chickpea sub-sector EIAR took the leading initiative to institutionalize of chickpea stakeholders platform in the country Table 2 Certified and quality declared seed (QDS) of chickpea produced with partners in Ethiopia disaggregated by variety and year (MT) Amount of Certified/QDS (t) Variety Total 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Arerti 500 859 1192 1283 1714 1900 2620 1726 11794 Shasho 88.5 129.6 120.8 186 239.6 217 396.7 54.1 1432.3 Mariye 0.2 0.3 0 3 1.8 1.3 2.9 9.5 Habru 38 69.4 66 111 148.1 194.9 233 208.6 1069 Ejere 1.5 2 2.5 6.2 6.7 9.3 6.4 78.6 113.2 Natoli 1.7 2.3 2.8 4.4 4.2 15.4 Kutaye 1 3.6 5.2 3.8 6.8 1.6 22 Teji 1.5 2 2.5 6.1 4.9 6.8 6.4 30.2 Chefe 0.5 2.5 3 4 5 15 Monino 2.6 3.3 4.5 8.8 65 84.2 Minjar 1.8 4.4 1.7 7.9 Teketay 6.6 6.6 Dalota 8.2 8.2 Akuri 3 3 Mastewal 1.5 1.5 Total 631.2 1065 1387 1608 2126 2347 3290 2159 14612 2.2. Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) Awareness and demand creation on improved technologies is the primary ground for effective dissemination and uptake Group of farmers evaluate and select varieties of their preference using their own selection criteria This approach increases the farmers' interest, fastens dissemination and smoothens to take up the varieties Participatory Variety Selection by farmers Table 3. Chickpea technology intervention areas with FPVS approach Region Zone District East Shewa zone Gimbichu, Lume, Ejere, Alema Tena, Ada West Shewa zone Ambo, Olonkomi, Ginchi, Dendi, South West Shewa zone Sodo Dachi, Seden Sodo Oromia Bale zone Sinanna, Goro, Ginir, Agarfa, Gasera, Adaba West Harraghe zone Mechara, Tulo, Oda Bulto, Habro Arsi zone Huruta, Sire, Arsi Robe Minjar-Shenkora, Moretna-Jirus, Basona Werena, Debre North Shewa zone Birhan, Ensaro, Merhabete, kawat, Tarmaber, Deneba, Through the supportsAnkober, Berehof TL-project over 55 West Gojam zone Awubel, Enemay Amhara districts in 17 zones of the four major chickpea Northgrowing Gondar regionszone Dembia(Amhara, West, BelesaOromia, East Belesa, Tigray, Delgi , andGonder Zuria North Wello zone Dawunt, Weldia, Habru, Guba Lafto SouthSNNP) Wello were zone addressedTehuledere since, Kalu 2007, Legambo/06. Oromia Special zone Dawa Chefa Wolaita zone Damot Gale, Boloso Sore SNNPR Gurage/Silte zone Silte, Sodo Gamo Gofa zone Kucha Central zone Tahitay Machew, Lailay Machew, Tigray North West zone Tahitay koraro 2.3. Demonstration of newly released chickpea varieties Demonstration activities was performed by NARs which was coordinated by DZARC It enhances informal seed exchange among farmers through traditional means From 2007-2015 NARS conducted 3,211 demonstrations with the support tropical legume projects 2.4. Enhancing the Chickpea Seed System To bring about impact the development has to be supported by sustainable and efficient seed system The seed system of legumes in general and chickpea in particular is constrained by involvement of the formal seed system Emphasis was given to bring community based seed production in to picture by encouraging active farmers to engage in seed production This resulted in legal establishment of 18 farmers' seed producer associations This approach is being scaled up to the various chickpea growing areas to make seeds available in the farmers' vicinity 2.5. Capacity building Building the capacity of actors helps in enhancing the seed production and technology dissemination Training was given on:- Technology generation and dissemination Field management Post-harvest seed handling Diseases and insect management Since the inception of TL-project over 13,000 farmers and 2000 development agents were trained Table 4: Number of farmers and other stakeholders trained on chickpea technologies and seed production since 2006 Type of Number of trained personnel Total trainee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Researchers 8 15 12 17 22 27 33 42 45 - 221 Research technicians 22 35 45 55 63 73 45 39 - - 377 Farmers 250 470 603 934 1785 2175 2000 3024 1321 964 13526 Agricultural experts 35 41 33 63 88 83 121 117 38 35 654 Developme nt Agents 120 169 210 336 375 480 354 285 51 100 2480 Farmers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA: MENINGITIS EPIDEMIC 2001 This Final Report Is Intended for Reporting on Emergency Appeals Appeal No
    3 December, ETHIOPIA: MENINGITIS EPIDEMIC 2001 This Final Report is intended for reporting on emergency appeals Appeal No. 12/01 Launched on: March 2001 for 3 months for CHF 1,006,787 DREF Allocated: CHF 200,000 (entirely reimbursed) Beneficiaries: 1.5 million Period covered: March - October 2001; last Operations Update (no. 2) issued on 11 June 2001) “At a glance” Appeal coverage: 91% Related Appeals: 01.13/2001 - 2001 Ethiopia annual Summary/Update: This programme, launched to assist the Ethiopian Red Cross Society (ERCS) to respond to a meningitis outbreak, has achieved the intended objectives. A final payment from ECHO remains pending but is expected shortly, and this will cover the small deficit currently reflected in the attached final financial report. Operational Developments: Ethiopia lies in the African Meningitis Belt which extends from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic ocean in the west. It has suffered major epidemics of meningococcal meningitis, a bacteria disease of the central nervous system, in 1981 when there were 50,000 cases and nearly a thousand deaths and in 1989 when there 46,000 cases and 1,700 deaths. Between June and August in 2000, there was an outbreak in Addis Ababa with over 850 cases and 33 deaths. Major epidemics usually occur every 8 to 12 years. This epidemic started in October 2000 in Quarit Woreda in West Gojam in Amhara Region and over a period of several months spread throughout the country. It reached its peak in week 22 of the epidemic (5-11 March 2001) when 724 cases were reported although a decrease in the number of cases week on week was reversed in week 29 (23-29 April 2001) when a lower peak was reached.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Land Tenure Security of Women in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Land Investment for Transformation Program
    PROTECTING LAND TENURE SECURITY OF WOMEN IN ETHIOPIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE LAND INVESTMENT FOR TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM Workwoha Mekonen, Ziade Hailu, John Leckie, and Gladys Savolainen Land Investment for Transformation Programme (LIFT) (DAI Global) This research paper was created with funding and technical support of the Research Consortium on Women’s Land Rights, an initiative of Resource Equity. The Research Consortium on Women’s Land Rights is a community of learning and practice that works to increase the quantity and strengthen the quality of research on interventions to advance women’s land and resource rights. Among other things, the Consortium commissions new research that promotes innovations in practice and addresses gaps in evidence on what works to improve women’s land rights. Learn more about the Research Consortium on Women’s Land Rights by visiting https://consortium.resourceequity.org/ This paper assesses the effectiveness of a specific land tenure intervention to improve the lives of women, by asking new questions of available project data sets. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to investigate threats to women’s land rights and explore the effectiveness of land certification interventions using evidence from the Land Investment for Transformation (LIFT) program in Ethiopia. More specifically, the study aims to provide evidence on the extent that LIFT contributed to women’s tenure security. The research used a mixed method approach that integrated quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative information was analyzed from the profiles of more than seven million parcels to understand how the program had incorporated gender interests into the Second Level Land Certification (SLLC) process.
    [Show full text]
  • Local History of Ethiopia Ma - Mezzo © Bernhard Lindahl (2008)
    Local History of Ethiopia Ma - Mezzo © Bernhard Lindahl (2008) ma, maa (O) why? HES37 Ma 1258'/3813' 2093 m, near Deresge 12/38 [Gz] HES37 Ma Abo (church) 1259'/3812' 2549 m 12/38 [Gz] JEH61 Maabai (plain) 12/40 [WO] HEM61 Maaga (Maago), see Mahago HEU35 Maago 2354 m 12/39 [LM WO] HEU71 Maajeraro (Ma'ajeraro) 1320'/3931' 2345 m, 13/39 [Gz] south of Mekele -- Maale language, an Omotic language spoken in the Bako-Gazer district -- Maale people, living at some distance to the north-west of the Konso HCC.. Maale (area), east of Jinka 05/36 [x] ?? Maana, east of Ankar in the north-west 12/37? [n] JEJ40 Maandita (area) 12/41 [WO] HFF31 Maaquddi, see Meakudi maar (T) honey HFC45 Maar (Amba Maar) 1401'/3706' 1151 m 14/37 [Gz] HEU62 Maara 1314'/3935' 1940 m 13/39 [Gu Gz] JEJ42 Maaru (area) 12/41 [WO] maass..: masara (O) castle, temple JEJ52 Maassarra (area) 12/41 [WO] Ma.., see also Me.. -- Mabaan (Burun), name of a small ethnic group, numbering 3,026 at one census, but about 23 only according to the 1994 census maber (Gurage) monthly Christian gathering where there is an orthodox church HET52 Maber 1312'/3838' 1996 m 13/38 [WO Gz] mabera: mabara (O) religious organization of a group of men or women JEC50 Mabera (area), cf Mebera 11/41 [WO] mabil: mebil (mäbil) (A) food, eatables -- Mabil, Mavil, name of a Mecha Oromo tribe HDR42 Mabil, see Koli, cf Mebel JEP96 Mabra 1330'/4116' 126 m, 13/41 [WO Gz] near the border of Eritrea, cf Mebera HEU91 Macalle, see Mekele JDK54 Macanis, see Makanissa HDM12 Macaniso, see Makaniso HES69 Macanna, see Makanna, and also Mekane Birhan HFF64 Macargot, see Makargot JER02 Macarra, see Makarra HES50 Macatat, see Makatat HDH78 Maccanissa, see Makanisa HDE04 Macchi, se Meki HFF02 Macden, see May Mekden (with sub-post office) macha (O) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Next Stage for Dairy Development in Ethiopia
    The NEXT STAGE IN DAIRY DEVELOPMENT FOR ETHIOPIA Dairy Value Chains, End Markets and Food Security Cooperative Agreement 663-A-00-05-00431-00 Submitted by Land O'Lakes, Inc. P.O. Box 3099 code 1250, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia November 2010 2 TABLE OF CONTENT Pages ACRONYMNS…………………………………………………………………………………. 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …………………………………………………………………... 6 1. OVERVIEW OF THE DAIRY SUB-SECTOR STUDY………………………………….10 1.1. The Role of the Dairy Sub-Sector in the Economy of Ethiopia 1.1.1. Milk Production and its Allocation 1.1.2 Livestock and Milk in the household economy 1.2. The Challenges 1.3. A Value Chain Approach 1.4. The Tasks and the Study Team 2. DEMAND FOR MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS…………………………………….…. 15 2.1. Milk Consumption 2.1.1. Milk and Milk Product Consumption in Urban Areas 2.1.2. Milk and Milk Product Consumption in Rural Areas 2.1.3. Milk and Milk Product Consumption in Pastoral Areas 2.2. Milk Consumption Compared to Other Countries 2.3. Milk’s Role for Food Security and Household Nutrition 2.4. Consumption of Imported Milk Products by Areas and Product Categories – domestic and imported 2.5. Milk Consumption in 2020 2.5.1.. High Estimate 2.5.2. Middle of the Range Estimate 2.5.3. Low Estimate 2.6. Assessment 3. DAIRY PRODUCTION……………………………………………………………..…… 30 3.1. Current Situation 3.2. Milk Production Areas (waiting on the maps) 3.3. Production systems and Milk Sheds (see zonal data in annex 3.3.1. Commercial Production 3.3.2. Peri-Urban and Urban Production 3.3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • AMHARA REGION : Who Does What Where (3W) (As of 13 February 2013)
    AMHARA REGION : Who Does What Where (3W) (as of 13 February 2013) Tigray Tigray Interventions/Projects at Woreda Level Afar Amhara ERCS: Lay Gayint: Beneshangul Gumu / Dire Dawa Plan Int.: Addis Ababa Hareri Save the fk Save the Save the df d/k/ CARE:f k Save the Children:f Gambela Save the Oromia Children: Children:f Children: Somali FHI: Welthungerhilfe: SNNPR j j Children:l lf/k / Oxfam GB:af ACF: ACF: Save the Save the af/k af/k Save the df Save the Save the Tach Gayint: Children:f Children: Children:fj Children:l Children: l FHI:l/k MSF Holand:f/ ! kj CARE: k Save the Children:f ! FHI:lf/k Oxfam GB: a Tselemt Save the Childrenf: j Addi Dessie Zuria: WVE: Arekay dlfk Tsegede ! Beyeda Concern:î l/ Mirab ! Concern:/ Welthungerhilfe:k Save the Children: Armacho f/k Debark Save the Children:fj Kelela: Welthungerhilfe: ! / Tach Abergele CRS: ak Save the Children:fj ! Armacho ! FHI: Save the l/k Save thef Dabat Janamora Legambo: Children:dfkj Children: ! Plan Int.:d/ j WVE: Concern: GOAL: Save the Children: dlfk Sahla k/ a / f ! ! Save the ! Lay Metema North Ziquala Children:fkj Armacho Wegera ACF: Save the Children: Tenta: ! k f Gonder ! Wag WVE: Plan Int.: / Concern: Save the dlfk Himra d k/ a WVE: ! Children: f Sekota GOAL: dlf Save the Children: Concern: Save the / ! Save: f/k Chilga ! a/ j East Children:f West ! Belesa FHI:l Save the Children:/ /k ! Gonder Belesa Dehana ! CRS: Welthungerhilfe:/ Dembia Zuria ! î Save thedf Gaz GOAL: Children: Quara ! / j CARE: WVE: Gibla ! l ! Save the Children: Welthungerhilfe: k d k/ Takusa dlfj k
    [Show full text]
  • Debre Berhan University College of Social Sciences & Humanities Department of Geography and Environmental Studies
    DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON RURAL LIVELIHOODS AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES: THE CASE OF MERHABETE WOREDA, NORTH SHEWA ZONE, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. By: Kefelegn Chernet July 2020 Debre Berhan, Ethiopia DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON RURAL LIVELIHOODS AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES: THE CASE OF MERHABETE WOREDA, NORTH SHEWA ZONE, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. By Kefelegn Chernet A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies to Presented in Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of science in Environment and Sustainable Development. Advisor Dr. Arragaw Alemayehu Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan, Ethiopia July, 2020 DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES THESIS SUBMISSION FOR DEFENSE APPROVAL SHEET – I This is to certify that the thesis entitled: Impacts of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods and community responses: the case of Merhabete woreda, North shewa zone, Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia. submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science with specialization in Environment and sustainable development of the Graduate Program of the Geography and Environmental studies, College of Social Science and Humanities, Debre Berhan University and is a record of original research carried out by Kefelegn Chernet Id. No PGR 028/11, under my supervision, and no part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Amhara Region Administrative Map (As of 05 Jan 2015)
    Ethiopia: Amhara region administrative map (as of 05 Jan 2015) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Abrha jara ! Tselemt !Adi Arikay Town ! Addi Arekay ! Zarima Town !Kerakr ! ! T!IGRAY Tsegede ! ! Mirab Armacho Beyeda ! Debark ! Debarq Town ! Dil Yibza Town ! ! Weken Town Abergele Tach Armacho ! Sanja Town Mekane Berhan Town ! Dabat DabatTown ! Metema Town ! Janamora ! Masero Denb Town ! Sahla ! Kokit Town Gedebge Town SUDAN ! ! Wegera ! Genda Wuha Town Ziquala ! Amba Giorges Town Tsitsika Town ! ! ! ! Metema Lay ArmachoTikil Dingay Town ! Wag Himra North Gonder ! Sekota Sekota ! Shinfa Tomn Negade Bahr ! ! Gondar Chilga Aukel Ketema ! ! Ayimba Town East Belesa Seraba ! Hamusit ! ! West Belesa ! ! ARIBAYA TOWN Gonder Zuria ! Koladiba Town AMED WERK TOWN ! Dehana ! Dagoma ! Dembia Maksegnit ! Gwehala ! ! Chuahit Town ! ! ! Salya Town Gaz Gibla ! Infranz Gorgora Town ! ! Quara Gelegu Town Takusa Dalga Town ! ! Ebenat Kobo Town Adis Zemen Town Bugna ! ! ! Ambo Meda TownEbinat ! ! Yafiga Town Kobo ! Gidan Libo Kemkem ! Esey Debr Lake Tana Lalibela Town Gomenge ! Lasta ! Muja Town Robit ! ! ! Dengel Ber Gobye Town Shahura ! ! ! Wereta Town Kulmesk Town Alfa ! Amedber Town ! ! KUNIZILA TOWN ! Debre Tabor North Wollo ! Hara Town Fogera Lay Gayint Weldiya ! Farta ! Gasay! Town Meket ! Hamusit Ketrma ! ! Filahit Town Guba Lafto ! AFAR South Gonder Sal!i Town Nefas mewicha Town ! ! Fendiqa Town Zege Town Anibesema Jawi ! ! ! MersaTown Semen Achefer ! Arib Gebeya YISMALA TOWN ! Este Town Arb Gegeya Town Kon Town ! ! ! ! Wegel tena Town Habru ! Fendka Town Dera
    [Show full text]
  • Dem (Däm) (A,Geez) 1. Blood; 2. Sap of Plant; Deem (O) Go ?? Dem Bahir
    dem (däm) (A,Geez) 1. blood; 2. sap of plant; deem (O) go ?? Dem Bahir ../.. [Ch] Lake about a mile in diameter, formed in a depression on a lava field - lava blocks instead of mud can be seen on the bottom through the clear water. Close by is another similar lake, Kurt Bahir. [Cheesman 1936] HEF80 Dem Bet 11°36'/39°23' 1908 m 11/39 [Gz] HDK21 Dem Gijo 09°14'/37°41' 1688 m 09/37 [AA Gz] dema: demma (dämma) (A) bleed, make bleed; dema, deemaa (O) lustful, lewd, lecherous, promiscuous HED70 Dema, see Deyma HED92 Dema (area) 11/37 [WO] JEC50 Dema Lay Terara (Dema'lay T.) 11°19'/41°37' 831 m 11/41 [MS] JEC40 Demaali (Dema'ali), see Damahale JDC72 Demadegu, see Gicha GCU33 Demai 07/34 [WO] demb (dämb) (A) usage, established custom, rule HBL37 Demb (Uamore Demb?) (area) 03°54'/39°08' 03/39 [WO Gz] HFF23 Demba Mikael (church) 13°49'/39°41', east of Wikro 13/39 [Gz] dembal doro: dooro (Som), doro (A) chicken HBM73 Dembal Doro (Dembeldora, Dambaldoro) 04/39 [Gz LM WO] 04°19'/39°38' 1133 m HDE37 Dembala (area) 08/39 [WO] dembar (T) awkward, bashful; dembara (A) border, boundary; denbari (dänbari) (A) shy, skittish HCK78c Dembara, 2120 m, cf Denbera, Dimbira 07/38 [Gu] HCK79 Dembara 07°01'/38°20' 1789 m 07/38 [Wa Gz] HC... Dembara, see Denbara Kela ?? Dembaro ../.. [20] Menilek made submission to Yohannes IV at his camp at Dembaro on 20 March 1878 in an elaborate ceremony. Menilek was crowned King of Shewa on 26 March.
    [Show full text]
  • AMHARA Demography and Health
    1 AMHARA Demography and Health Aynalem Adugna January 1, 2021 www.EthioDemographyAndHealth.Org 2 Amhara Suggested citation: Amhara: Demography and Health Aynalem Adugna January 1, 20201 www.EthioDemographyAndHealth.Org Landforms, Climate and Economy Located in northwestern Ethiopia the Amhara Region between 9°20' and 14°20' North latitude and 36° 20' and 40° 20' East longitude the Amhara Region has an estimated land area of about 170000 square kilometers . The region borders Tigray in the North, Afar in the East, Oromiya in the South, Benishangul-Gumiz in the Southwest and the country of Sudan to the west [1]. Amhara is divided into 11 zones, and 140 Weredas (see map at the bottom of this page). There are about 3429 kebeles (the smallest administrative units) [1]. "Decision-making power has recently been decentralized to Weredas and thus the Weredas are responsible for all development activities in their areas." The 11 administrative zones are: North Gonder, South Gonder, West Gojjam, East Gojjam, Awie, Wag Hemra, North Wollo, South Wollo, Oromia, North Shewa and Bahir Dar City special zone. [1] The historic Amhara Region contains much of the highland plateaus above 1500 meters with rugged formations, gorges and valleys, and millions of settlements for Amhara villages surrounded by subsistence farms and grazing fields. In this Region are located, the world- renowned Nile River and its source, Lake Tana, as well as historic sites including Gonder, and Lalibela. "Interspersed on the landscape are higher mountain ranges and cratered cones, the highest of which, at 4,620 meters, is Ras Dashen Terara northeast of Gonder.
    [Show full text]
  • College of Health Sciences School of Public Health
    COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MAGNITUDE OF COMMON CHILDHOOD ILLNESS, HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN EFRATANA GIDIM DISTRICT, EAST AMHARA, ETHIOPIA, 2020 BY: GENANEW KASSIE (BSC) ADVISOR: EWNETU FIRDAWEK (PhD) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER’S IN PUBLIC HEALTH JUNE, 2020 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Addis Ababa University College of Health Science School Of Public Health Research thesis submitted by degree of Masters in Public Health student Name of investigator Genanew Kassie (BSc) Name of Advisor(s) Ewnetu Firdawek (MPH, PhD) Title of the Research Magnitude of common childhood illness, healthcare seeking behavior, and associated factors in Efratana Gidim District, East Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020 Duration of project March 15-April 15, 2020 Study Area Efratana Gidim District, East Amhara, Ethiopia Total Cost of the project 31,408 Source of budget Addis Ababa University Address of investigator Mobile Phone -0943862546 [email protected] Acknowledgment First and foremost, I would like to thank the almighty God. I am very grateful to my advisor Ewnetu Firdawek (PhD) for his unreserved comments and generous suggestions throughout the development of this study. I would also like to acknowledge Addis Ababa University, College of health sciences, School of Public Health for creating opportunity to conduct this research as part of the requirements of Master’s degree with Public Health. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the head of Efratana Gidim District health Office for giving their permission to conduct this study and the District Health Office staffs are fully acknowledged for their cooperation and providing valuable information.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Country Report
    Land Governance Assessment Framework Implementation in Ethiopia Public Disclosure Authorized Final Country Report Supported by the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared Zerfu Hailu (PhD) Public Disclosure Authorized With Contributions from Expert Investigators January, 2016 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Extended executive summary .............................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 18 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 19 3. The Context ................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Ethiopia's location, topography and climate ........................................................................................... 22 3.2 Ethiopia's settlement pattern .................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 System of Governance and legal frameworks ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]