Innovative Partnership Approach to Chickpea seed production and Technology Dissemination: Lessons from Ethiopia Tesfaye G. (on behalf of TL-project team) Pan-African Grain Legume and World Cowpea Conference 28 February to 4 March,2016 Livingstone, Zambia Background Area Production and productivity of chickpea in Ethiopia, 2005-2014 500 2.5 y = 26.28x + 191.7 450 R² = 0.942 400 2 350 y = 0.093x + 0.988 300 R² = 0.954 1.5 250 200 1 Productivity Production/Area 150 100 0.5 50 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Production year Production (000t) Area (000ha) Productivity (t/ha) Linear (Production (000t)) Linear (Productivity (t/ha)) Background…… Importance of Chickpea:- 1 .Source of human food and animal feed .protein (19%), .carbohydrates (60%), .Minerals (phosphorus, calcium, and iron) (Ibrikci et al., 2003). 2 . It returns a significant amount of residue nitrogen to the soil and adds organic matter that improves the fertility of the soil (Pande et al., 2005). 3. Used as rotation crop with several cereals like tef or wheat Background…….. The national chickpea crop improvement program have undertaken considerable research efforts to since, 1974 Released 24 improved varieties at federal and regional level Table 1 depicts improved chickpea varieties released in Ethiopia with their important traits and adaptation niches Name of Released by Year of Days to 100 seed Seed Adaptation Productivity in ton/ha Varieties release maturity Weight(g) rate/ha Altitude Rainfall Research Farmers (m) (mm) station field DZ-10-4 D/ Zeit 1974 111-135 10.2 65-75 1800-2300 700-1100 1.6-2.2 1.1-1.4 DZ-10-11 D/ Zeit 1974 106-123 13.0 70-80 1600-2000 700-1100 1.5-2.8 1.1-1.9 Dube D/Zeit 1978 110-115 22.0 80-90 1800-2300 700-1100 1.7-2.8 1.6-1.7 Mariye D/ Zeit 1985 106-120 25.5 120-140 1500-2300 700-1300 1.8-3.0 1.4-2.3 Werku D/ Zeit 1994 100-149 33.0 100-120 1900-2600 700-1200 1.9-4.0 1.9-2.9 Akaki D/Zeit 1995 57-147 21.0 90-120 1800-2600 700-1200 1.8-4.0 1.9-2.6 Arerti D/ Zeit 1999 105-155 25.7 100-115 1800-2600 700-1200 1.6-5.2 1.8-4.7 Shasho D/Zeit 1999 90-155 29.9 100-125 1800-2600 700-1200 1.6-4.6 2.0-4.2 Chefe D/Zeit 1996 93-150 31 110-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.2-4.8 1.8-3.6 Habru D/ Zeit 1996 91-150 34 110-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.4-5.0 2.0-4.0 Ejere D/ Zeit 1997 118-129 32-37 120-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.5-3.5 1.2-2.8 Teji D/Zeit 1997 122-130 32-37 120-140 1800-2700 700-1200 2.0-3.5 1.6-2.9 Acos Dube D/ Zeit 2001 136 64 140-160 1600-2400 600-1200 1.1-2.4 1.0-1.3 Minjar D/ Zeit 2002 86-143 28 120-140 1800-2600 700-1200 2.2-5.0 2.0-4.0 Natoli D/Zeit 2009 136 29 120-130 1800-2700 700-1200 2.2-2.6 2.0-2.5 Kutaye Sirinka 2005 1.6-2.5 Akuri Sirinka 2011 98 130-150 660-1025 600-1000 2.1-2.6 1.7-2.0 Kasech Sirinka 2011 100 130-150 660-1025 600-1000 2.0-2.5 1.6-2.0 Kobo Sirinka 2012 2.0-2.4 Yelibe Sirinka 2006 77-106 33.1 120-130 660-1025 600-1000 1.8 1.4 Fetenech Sirinka 2005 80-120 75-80 660-1025 600-1000 1.6-2.5 1.4-1.8 Mastewal D/berehan 2005 105-139 100-115 700-1000 600-1000 2.5-3.3 1.5-1.9 Teketay D/Zeit 2013 85-150 120-160 1800-2600 700-1200 2.5-2.8 2.0-2.3 Dalota D/ Zeit 2013 90-145 130-135 1800-2600 700-1200 2.0-2.7 1.6-2.2 Background…… The yield advantage of improved varieties is two to three folds more than farmer’s local varieties Some of these improved varieties were identified to meet local and export market standards Background The national demand for increased food and feed production calls for quality and sufficient availability of seeds of improved varieties Seed is a fundamental yield enhancing input for sustainable agriculture It is important vehicles of improved crop technologies linking the breeders' efforts with the end users (farmers) Background…… There was critical shortage of seed Cognizant of these facts, development of reliable and sustainable seed multiplication and supply system was found to be critical Therefore, effort were made to tackle this bottleneck in a pluralistic approach This presentation provides highlights of the approaches followed to enhance seed multiplication and dissemination of improved technologies 2. Innovative Approaches 2.1. Integration of actors/ partners Effective seed system is a cumulative result of biophysical, social, economic, and institutional integration in a productive approach Considerable efforts were made to bring about an effective integration between major actors in the chickpea sub-sector EIAR took the leading initiative to institutionalize of chickpea stakeholders platform in the country Table 2 Certified and quality declared seed (QDS) of chickpea produced with partners in Ethiopia disaggregated by variety and year (MT) Amount of Certified/QDS (t) Variety Total 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Arerti 500 859 1192 1283 1714 1900 2620 1726 11794 Shasho 88.5 129.6 120.8 186 239.6 217 396.7 54.1 1432.3 Mariye 0.2 0.3 0 3 1.8 1.3 2.9 9.5 Habru 38 69.4 66 111 148.1 194.9 233 208.6 1069 Ejere 1.5 2 2.5 6.2 6.7 9.3 6.4 78.6 113.2 Natoli 1.7 2.3 2.8 4.4 4.2 15.4 Kutaye 1 3.6 5.2 3.8 6.8 1.6 22 Teji 1.5 2 2.5 6.1 4.9 6.8 6.4 30.2 Chefe 0.5 2.5 3 4 5 15 Monino 2.6 3.3 4.5 8.8 65 84.2 Minjar 1.8 4.4 1.7 7.9 Teketay 6.6 6.6 Dalota 8.2 8.2 Akuri 3 3 Mastewal 1.5 1.5 Total 631.2 1065 1387 1608 2126 2347 3290 2159 14612 2.2. Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) Awareness and demand creation on improved technologies is the primary ground for effective dissemination and uptake Group of farmers evaluate and select varieties of their preference using their own selection criteria This approach increases the farmers' interest, fastens dissemination and smoothens to take up the varieties Participatory Variety Selection by farmers Table 3. Chickpea technology intervention areas with FPVS approach Region Zone District East Shewa zone Gimbichu, Lume, Ejere, Alema Tena, Ada West Shewa zone Ambo, Olonkomi, Ginchi, Dendi, South West Shewa zone Sodo Dachi, Seden Sodo Oromia Bale zone Sinanna, Goro, Ginir, Agarfa, Gasera, Adaba West Harraghe zone Mechara, Tulo, Oda Bulto, Habro Arsi zone Huruta, Sire, Arsi Robe Minjar-Shenkora, Moretna-Jirus, Basona Werena, Debre North Shewa zone Birhan, Ensaro, Merhabete, kawat, Tarmaber, Deneba, Through the supportsAnkober, Berehof TL-project over 55 West Gojam zone Awubel, Enemay Amhara districts in 17 zones of the four major chickpea Northgrowing Gondar regionszone Dembia(Amhara, West, BelesaOromia, East Belesa, Tigray, Delgi , andGonder Zuria North Wello zone Dawunt, Weldia, Habru, Guba Lafto SouthSNNP) Wello were zone addressedTehuledere since, Kalu 2007, Legambo/06. Oromia Special zone Dawa Chefa Wolaita zone Damot Gale, Boloso Sore SNNPR Gurage/Silte zone Silte, Sodo Gamo Gofa zone Kucha Central zone Tahitay Machew, Lailay Machew, Tigray North West zone Tahitay koraro 2.3. Demonstration of newly released chickpea varieties Demonstration activities was performed by NARs which was coordinated by DZARC It enhances informal seed exchange among farmers through traditional means From 2007-2015 NARS conducted 3,211 demonstrations with the support tropical legume projects 2.4. Enhancing the Chickpea Seed System To bring about impact the development has to be supported by sustainable and efficient seed system The seed system of legumes in general and chickpea in particular is constrained by involvement of the formal seed system Emphasis was given to bring community based seed production in to picture by encouraging active farmers to engage in seed production This resulted in legal establishment of 18 farmers' seed producer associations This approach is being scaled up to the various chickpea growing areas to make seeds available in the farmers' vicinity 2.5. Capacity building Building the capacity of actors helps in enhancing the seed production and technology dissemination Training was given on:- Technology generation and dissemination Field management Post-harvest seed handling Diseases and insect management Since the inception of TL-project over 13,000 farmers and 2000 development agents were trained Table 4: Number of farmers and other stakeholders trained on chickpea technologies and seed production since 2006 Type of Number of trained personnel Total trainee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Researchers 8 15 12 17 22 27 33 42 45 - 221 Research technicians 22 35 45 55 63 73 45 39 - - 377 Farmers 250 470 603 934 1785 2175 2000 3024 1321 964 13526 Agricultural experts 35 41 33 63 88 83 121 117 38 35 654 Developme nt Agents 120 169 210 336 375 480 354 285 51 100 2480 Farmers.