DOCSLIB.ORG

Debre Berhan University College of Social Sciences & Humanities Department of Geography and Environmental Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Debre Berhan University College of Social Sciences & Humanities Department of Geography and Environmental Studies DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON RURAL LIVELIHOODS AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES: THE CASE OF MERHABETE WOREDA, NORTH SHEWA ZONE, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. By: Kefelegn Chernet July 2020 Debre Berhan, Ethiopia DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON RURAL LIVELIHOODS AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES: THE CASE OF MERHABETE WOREDA, NORTH SHEWA ZONE, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. By Kefelegn Chernet A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies to Presented in Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of science in Environment and Sustainable Development. Advisor Dr. Arragaw Alemayehu Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan, Ethiopia July, 2020 DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES THESIS SUBMISSION FOR DEFENSE APPROVAL SHEET – I This is to certify that the thesis entitled: Impacts of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods and community responses: the case of Merhabete woreda, North shewa zone, Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia. submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science with specialization in Environment and sustainable development of the Graduate Program of the Geography and Environmental studies, College of Social Science and Humanities, Debre Berhan University and is a record of original research carried out by Kefelegn Chernet Id. No PGR 028/11, under my supervision, and no part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The assistance and help received during the course of this investigation have been duly acknowledged. Therefore, I recommend that it to be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirements. Arragaw Alemayehu (PhD) _____________ ______________ Name of Advisor Signature Date DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES APPROVAL SHEET – II This is to certify that the thesis presented by Kefelegn Chernet, entitled: Impacts of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods and community response: the case of Merhabete woreda, North shewa zone, Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Geography and Environmental Studies, Specialization in Environment and Sustainable Development) complies with the regulations of the university and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the Examining Committee: External Examiner: - Alem‟metta (PhD) Signature_______________ Date __________ Internal Examiner: - Gebre Tafere (PhD) Signature______________ Date __________ Advisor: - Arragaw Alemayehu (PhD) Signature_______________ Date__________ Chairman of Department: - Ephrem Tegegne (PhD) Signature___________ Date__________ STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR I declare that this thesis is my genuine work, and that all sources of materials used for this thesis have been profoundly acknowledged. This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Science (MSc) at Debre Berhan University and it is deposited at the University library to be made available for users under the rule of the library. I declare that this thesis is not submitted to any other institution anywhere for the award of any academic degree, diploma or certificate. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the department or the Dean of College of Post Graduate when in his/her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interest of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author and advisors of this thesis. Name: Kefelegn Chernet Signature: Place: College of Social Science and Humanities, Debre Berhan University. Date of Submission: 06/11/2012 E.C i ACKNOWLEDGMENT Above all, I would like to thank the Almighty God without whose support, it would have not been possible all my wishes to come in to reality. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Dr. Arragaw Alemayehu for his supervision, valuable guidance, and intellectual encouragement, critical and constructive comments from the early design of the proposal to the final write up of the thesis. I, really, appreciate his kind and tireless effort. My special thanks go to my all teachers at Debre Berhan University who taught me courses with their critical methodologies which I should practice them throughout my life. I am very much grateful to my Mother Aselefech Mekuria, Brother Getachew Chernet, to my sister Atsede Chernet, to Demise Tajebe and Aster Abebawu for their support, encouragement, love and care during my stay in the study area and during attending class. I would like to give my sincere thanks to Ato Demise Tajebe for his paper support and kindness, and also I want to express my deepest thanks and respect for Yimechach Getachewu and her family for their unlimited support includes printing of household questionnaires, to Ato Sisay Simeneh from Amhara Forest Enterprise for his mobile card gift and all my friends who supported me in all aspects. Without your support in all direction the completion of the work was impossible. Finally I want to thanks Ato Letike Chernet, team leader of Agricultural extension in Merhabete woreda Agricultural development office, to Ato Dejene Terefe officer in Merhabete woreda Administration office and Wugagen Mamo Health extension worker in Ofina Sibewasha kebele for their genuine response and support in providing necessary information, guide and assisted the data collection method from selected kebeles. I also want to thanks all other who participated in this research process. ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ASCI Amhara Credit and Saving Institution CCV Climate Change and Variability CEEPA Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy for Africa CNCR Carbon Neutral and Climate Resilient CRGE Climate Resilient Green Economy CSA Central Statistical Agency DA Development agent EPA Environmental Protection Authority EPE Environment Policy of Ethiopia FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FGD Focus Group Discussion GHG Green House Gases GOs Governmental Organizations GTP Growth and Transformation Plan HHHs Household Heads IMF International Monetary Fund IPCC Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change KII Key Informant Interview MWADO Merhabete Woreda Agricultural Development Office MWAO Merhabete Woreda Administration Office iii NAPA National Adaptation Programs of Action NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NMA National Meteorology Agency NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NSZADD North Shewa Zone Agricultural Development Department PCI Precipitation Concentration Index SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science SSA Sub-Saharan Africa UNDP United Nations Development Program UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WMO World Meteorology Organization DEFINITION OF LOCAL TERMS Kebele Lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia Woreda Forth tier of government administration unit, which is closely equal to district. Kola: Arid/ low land Woina Dega Sub humid area Dega Humid area iv Table of Contents Pages STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR ................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................................................. ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................................ iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES IN THE ANNEX .............................................................................................. xi ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background of the study ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the problem ....................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Objectives of the study ........................................................................................................... 5 1.4. Research questions ................................................................................................................. 6 1.5. Significance of the study .......................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA: MENINGITIS EPIDEMIC 2001 This Final Report Is Intended for Reporting on Emergency Appeals Appeal No
    3 December, ETHIOPIA: MENINGITIS EPIDEMIC 2001 This Final Report is intended for reporting on emergency appeals Appeal No. 12/01 Launched on: March 2001 for 3 months for CHF 1,006,787 DREF Allocated: CHF 200,000 (entirely reimbursed) Beneficiaries: 1.5 million Period covered: March - October 2001; last Operations Update (no. 2) issued on 11 June 2001) “At a glance” Appeal coverage: 91% Related Appeals: 01.13/2001 - 2001 Ethiopia annual Summary/Update: This programme, launched to assist the Ethiopian Red Cross Society (ERCS) to respond to a meningitis outbreak, has achieved the intended objectives. A final payment from ECHO remains pending but is expected shortly, and this will cover the small deficit currently reflected in the attached final financial report. Operational Developments: Ethiopia lies in the African Meningitis Belt which extends from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic ocean in the west. It has suffered major epidemics of meningococcal meningitis, a bacteria disease of the central nervous system, in 1981 when there were 50,000 cases and nearly a thousand deaths and in 1989 when there 46,000 cases and 1,700 deaths. Between June and August in 2000, there was an outbreak in Addis Ababa with over 850 cases and 33 deaths. Major epidemics usually occur every 8 to 12 years. This epidemic started in October 2000 in Quarit Woreda in West Gojam in Amhara Region and over a period of several months spread throughout the country. It reached its peak in week 22 of the epidemic (5-11 March 2001) when 724 cases were reported although a decrease in the number of cases week on week was reversed in week 29 (23-29 April 2001) when a lower peak was reached.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Efficiency of Wheat Producers in North Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, Central Ethiopia
    Sustainable Agriculture Research; Vol. 9, No. 3; 2020 ISSN 1927-050X E-ISSN 1927-0518 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Technical Efficiency of Wheat Producers in North Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, Central Ethiopia Tadesse Getachew1, Mengistu Ketema2, Degye Goshu3, 4 & Degnet Abebaw4 1Department of Agricultural Economics, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia 2Department of Agricultural Economics, Haramaya University, Ethiopia 3Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute (EEPRI), Ethiopia 4Ethiopian Economics Association (EEA), Ethiopia Correspondence: Tadesse Getachew, Department of Agricultural Economics, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia. Tel: 251-911-777-419. E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 17, 2020 Accepted: May 20, 2020 Online Published: May 30, 2020 doi:10.5539/sar.v9n3p77 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v9n3p77 Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze technical efficiency of wheat producers and identifying the sources of inefficiency in North Shewa Zone of Amhara National Region State, Central Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select sample respondent households. In the first phase, three potential wheat grower districts namely, Bassona Worrana, Siyadebrna Wayu, and Moretna Jiru were selected purposively. In the second stage, six potential kebeles (lowest administrative level), two from each of the three districts were selected. In the third phase, proportionally with population size, 374 sample households were selected using simple random sampling techniques from each of the selected kebeles. Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Production (SFP) function and inefficiency function were used to estimate the technical inefficiency level of wheat producers using a one-step maximum likelihood estimation procedure. The average productivity of wheat was found to be 32.60 quintals per hectare.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Land Tenure Security of Women in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Land Investment for Transformation Program
    PROTECTING LAND TENURE SECURITY OF WOMEN IN ETHIOPIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE LAND INVESTMENT FOR TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM Workwoha Mekonen, Ziade Hailu, John Leckie, and Gladys Savolainen Land Investment for Transformation Programme (LIFT) (DAI Global) This research paper was created with funding and technical support of the Research Consortium on Women’s Land Rights, an initiative of Resource Equity. The Research Consortium on Women’s Land Rights is a community of learning and practice that works to increase the quantity and strengthen the quality of research on interventions to advance women’s land and resource rights. Among other things, the Consortium commissions new research that promotes innovations in practice and addresses gaps in evidence on what works to improve women’s land rights. Learn more about the Research Consortium on Women’s Land Rights by visiting https://consortium.resourceequity.org/ This paper assesses the effectiveness of a specific land tenure intervention to improve the lives of women, by asking new questions of available project data sets. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to investigate threats to women’s land rights and explore the effectiveness of land certification interventions using evidence from the Land Investment for Transformation (LIFT) program in Ethiopia. More specifically, the study aims to provide evidence on the extent that LIFT contributed to women’s tenure security. The research used a mixed method approach that integrated quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative information was analyzed from the profiles of more than seven million parcels to understand how the program had incorporated gender interests into the Second Level Land Certification (SLLC) process.
    [Show full text]
  • Local History of Ethiopia Ma - Mezzo © Bernhard Lindahl (2008)
    Local History of Ethiopia Ma - Mezzo © Bernhard Lindahl (2008) ma, maa (O) why? HES37 Ma 1258'/3813' 2093 m, near Deresge 12/38 [Gz] HES37 Ma Abo (church) 1259'/3812' 2549 m 12/38 [Gz] JEH61 Maabai (plain) 12/40 [WO] HEM61 Maaga (Maago), see Mahago HEU35 Maago 2354 m 12/39 [LM WO] HEU71 Maajeraro (Ma'ajeraro) 1320'/3931' 2345 m, 13/39 [Gz] south of Mekele -- Maale language, an Omotic language spoken in the Bako-Gazer district -- Maale people, living at some distance to the north-west of the Konso HCC.. Maale (area), east of Jinka 05/36 [x] ?? Maana, east of Ankar in the north-west 12/37? [n] JEJ40 Maandita (area) 12/41 [WO] HFF31 Maaquddi, see Meakudi maar (T) honey HFC45 Maar (Amba Maar) 1401'/3706' 1151 m 14/37 [Gz] HEU62 Maara 1314'/3935' 1940 m 13/39 [Gu Gz] JEJ42 Maaru (area) 12/41 [WO] maass..: masara (O) castle, temple JEJ52 Maassarra (area) 12/41 [WO] Ma.., see also Me.. -- Mabaan (Burun), name of a small ethnic group, numbering 3,026 at one census, but about 23 only according to the 1994 census maber (Gurage) monthly Christian gathering where there is an orthodox church HET52 Maber 1312'/3838' 1996 m 13/38 [WO Gz] mabera: mabara (O) religious organization of a group of men or women JEC50 Mabera (area), cf Mebera 11/41 [WO] mabil: mebil (mäbil) (A) food, eatables -- Mabil, Mavil, name of a Mecha Oromo tribe HDR42 Mabil, see Koli, cf Mebel JEP96 Mabra 1330'/4116' 126 m, 13/41 [WO Gz] near the border of Eritrea, cf Mebera HEU91 Macalle, see Mekele JDK54 Macanis, see Makanissa HDM12 Macaniso, see Makaniso HES69 Macanna, see Makanna, and also Mekane Birhan HFF64 Macargot, see Makargot JER02 Macarra, see Makarra HES50 Macatat, see Makatat HDH78 Maccanissa, see Makanisa HDE04 Macchi, se Meki HFF02 Macden, see May Mekden (with sub-post office) macha (O) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Next Stage for Dairy Development in Ethiopia
    The NEXT STAGE IN DAIRY DEVELOPMENT FOR ETHIOPIA Dairy Value Chains, End Markets and Food Security Cooperative Agreement 663-A-00-05-00431-00 Submitted by Land O'Lakes, Inc. P.O. Box 3099 code 1250, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia November 2010 2 TABLE OF CONTENT Pages ACRONYMNS…………………………………………………………………………………. 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …………………………………………………………………... 6 1. OVERVIEW OF THE DAIRY SUB-SECTOR STUDY………………………………….10 1.1. The Role of the Dairy Sub-Sector in the Economy of Ethiopia 1.1.1. Milk Production and its Allocation 1.1.2 Livestock and Milk in the household economy 1.2. The Challenges 1.3. A Value Chain Approach 1.4. The Tasks and the Study Team 2. DEMAND FOR MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS…………………………………….…. 15 2.1. Milk Consumption 2.1.1. Milk and Milk Product Consumption in Urban Areas 2.1.2. Milk and Milk Product Consumption in Rural Areas 2.1.3. Milk and Milk Product Consumption in Pastoral Areas 2.2. Milk Consumption Compared to Other Countries 2.3. Milk’s Role for Food Security and Household Nutrition 2.4. Consumption of Imported Milk Products by Areas and Product Categories – domestic and imported 2.5. Milk Consumption in 2020 2.5.1.. High Estimate 2.5.2. Middle of the Range Estimate 2.5.3. Low Estimate 2.6. Assessment 3. DAIRY PRODUCTION……………………………………………………………..…… 30 3.1. Current Situation 3.2. Milk Production Areas (waiting on the maps) 3.3. Production systems and Milk Sheds (see zonal data in annex 3.3.1. Commercial Production 3.3.2. Peri-Urban and Urban Production 3.3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • AMHARA REGION : Who Does What Where (3W) (As of 13 February 2013)
    AMHARA REGION : Who Does What Where (3W) (as of 13 February 2013) Tigray Tigray Interventions/Projects at Woreda Level Afar Amhara ERCS: Lay Gayint: Beneshangul Gumu / Dire Dawa Plan Int.: Addis Ababa Hareri Save the fk Save the Save the df d/k/ CARE:f k Save the Children:f Gambela Save the Oromia Children: Children:f Children: Somali FHI: Welthungerhilfe: SNNPR j j Children:l lf/k / Oxfam GB:af ACF: ACF: Save the Save the af/k af/k Save the df Save the Save the Tach Gayint: Children:f Children: Children:fj Children:l Children: l FHI:l/k MSF Holand:f/ ! kj CARE: k Save the Children:f ! FHI:lf/k Oxfam GB: a Tselemt Save the Childrenf: j Addi Dessie Zuria: WVE: Arekay dlfk Tsegede ! Beyeda Concern:î l/ Mirab ! Concern:/ Welthungerhilfe:k Save the Children: Armacho f/k Debark Save the Children:fj Kelela: Welthungerhilfe: ! / Tach Abergele CRS: ak Save the Children:fj ! Armacho ! FHI: Save the l/k Save thef Dabat Janamora Legambo: Children:dfkj Children: ! Plan Int.:d/ j WVE: Concern: GOAL: Save the Children: dlfk Sahla k/ a / f ! ! Save the ! Lay Metema North Ziquala Children:fkj Armacho Wegera ACF: Save the Children: Tenta: ! k f Gonder ! Wag WVE: Plan Int.: / Concern: Save the dlfk Himra d k/ a WVE: ! Children: f Sekota GOAL: dlf Save the Children: Concern: Save the / ! Save: f/k Chilga ! a/ j East Children:f West ! Belesa FHI:l Save the Children:/ /k ! Gonder Belesa Dehana ! CRS: Welthungerhilfe:/ Dembia Zuria ! î Save thedf Gaz GOAL: Children: Quara ! / j CARE: WVE: Gibla ! l ! Save the Children: Welthungerhilfe: k d k/ Takusa dlfj k
    [Show full text]
  • Causes of Soil Erosion in Keya Gebriel District, Ethiopia
    Indo - African Journal for Resource Management and Planning. ISSN 2347-1786. VOL 2. NO. 01. September, 15. 2014. Indo - African Journal for Resource Management and Planning (An International Peer Reviewed Research Journal) ISSN 2347-1786. VOL 2. NO. 01 September 15, 2014 Article info Received on March 10, 2014 Published on September 15, 2014 India Causes of Soil Erosion in Keya Gebriel District, Ethiopia Ayele Behaylu Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia Zubairul Islam Associate professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia ABSTRACT There are various factors responsible for soil erosion. The aim of this paper was to identify the different factors that cause soil erosion in Keya Gebriel District in Ethiopia. For this study, data were collected through Questionnaires, interviews of farmers, focus group discussions and field observations. A total of 270 farmers were taken as sample population for questionnaire. For interview, a total of 45 samples were taken. In six groups a total of 72 farmers were participated in the focus group discussion. Data collected through questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively using frequency distribution and percentages. The responses from focus group discussions, and interviews were compiled, summarized and interpreted qualitatively by cross checking with questionnaire’s responses. The results of the study reveal that steepness of the slope, over-plowing without fallowing the land due to scarcity of the land, land fragmentation, tenure insecurity, lack of erosion controlling practices, lack of contour plowing, over-grazing, lack of cooperation among farmers in flowing the water that drained from sloppy watersheds through their farmlands, and the shift of farming season from belg/winter to kiremit/summer due to the scarcity of belg/winter rainfall are the major causes for soil erosion in Keya Gebriel District.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Amhara Region Administrative Map (As of 05 Jan 2015)
    Ethiopia: Amhara region administrative map (as of 05 Jan 2015) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Abrha jara ! Tselemt !Adi Arikay Town ! Addi Arekay ! Zarima Town !Kerakr ! ! T!IGRAY Tsegede ! ! Mirab Armacho Beyeda ! Debark ! Debarq Town ! Dil Yibza Town ! ! Weken Town Abergele Tach Armacho ! Sanja Town Mekane Berhan Town ! Dabat DabatTown ! Metema Town ! Janamora ! Masero Denb Town ! Sahla ! Kokit Town Gedebge Town SUDAN ! ! Wegera ! Genda Wuha Town Ziquala ! Amba Giorges Town Tsitsika Town ! ! ! ! Metema Lay ArmachoTikil Dingay Town ! Wag Himra North Gonder ! Sekota Sekota ! Shinfa Tomn Negade Bahr ! ! Gondar Chilga Aukel Ketema ! ! Ayimba Town East Belesa Seraba ! Hamusit ! ! West Belesa ! ! ARIBAYA TOWN Gonder Zuria ! Koladiba Town AMED WERK TOWN ! Dehana ! Dagoma ! Dembia Maksegnit ! Gwehala ! ! Chuahit Town ! ! ! Salya Town Gaz Gibla ! Infranz Gorgora Town ! ! Quara Gelegu Town Takusa Dalga Town ! ! Ebenat Kobo Town Adis Zemen Town Bugna ! ! ! Ambo Meda TownEbinat ! ! Yafiga Town Kobo ! Gidan Libo Kemkem ! Esey Debr Lake Tana Lalibela Town Gomenge ! Lasta ! Muja Town Robit ! ! ! Dengel Ber Gobye Town Shahura ! ! ! Wereta Town Kulmesk Town Alfa ! Amedber Town ! ! KUNIZILA TOWN ! Debre Tabor North Wollo ! Hara Town Fogera Lay Gayint Weldiya ! Farta ! Gasay! Town Meket ! Hamusit Ketrma ! ! Filahit Town Guba Lafto ! AFAR South Gonder Sal!i Town Nefas mewicha Town ! ! Fendiqa Town Zege Town Anibesema Jawi ! ! ! MersaTown Semen Achefer ! Arib Gebeya YISMALA TOWN ! Este Town Arb Gegeya Town Kon Town ! ! ! ! Wegel tena Town Habru ! Fendka Town Dera
    [Show full text]
  • D.Table 9.5-1 Number of PCO Planned 1
    D.Table 9.5-1 Number of PCO Planned 1. Tigrey No. Woredas Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Expected Connecting Point 1 Adwa 13 Per Filed Survey by ETC 2(*) Hawzen 12 3(*) Wukro 7 Per Feasibility Study 4(*) Samre 13 Per Filed Survey by ETC 5 Alamata 10 Total 55 1 Tahtay Adiyabo 8 2 Medebay Zana 10 3 Laelay Mayechew 10 4 Kola Temben 11 5 Abergele 7 Per Filed Survey by ETC 6 Ganta Afeshum 15 7 Atsbi Wenberta 9 8 Enderta 14 9(*) Hintalo Wajirat 16 10 Ofla 15 Total 115 1 Kafta Humer 5 2 Laelay Adiyabo 8 3 Tahtay Koraro 8 4 Asegede Tsimbela 10 5 Tselemti 7 6(**) Welkait 7 7(**) Tsegede 6 8 Mereb Lehe 10 9(*) Enticho 21 10(**) Werie Lehe 16 Per Filed Survey by ETC 11 Tahtay Maychew 8 12(*)(**) Naeder Adet 9 13 Degua temben 9 14 Gulomahda 11 15 Erob 10 16 Saesi Tsaedaemba 14 17 Alage 13 18 Endmehoni 9 19(**) Rayaazebo 12 20 Ahferom 15 Total 208 1/14 Tigrey D.Table 9.5-1 Number of PCO Planned 2. Affar No. Woredas Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Expected Connecting Point 1 Ayisaita 3 2 Dubti 5 Per Filed Survey by ETC 3 Chifra 2 Total 10 1(*) Mile 1 2(*) Elidar 1 3 Koneba 4 4 Berahle 4 Per Filed Survey by ETC 5 Amibara 5 6 Gewane 1 7 Ewa 1 8 Dewele 1 Total 18 1 Ere Bti 1 2 Abala 2 3 Megale 1 4 Dalul 4 5 Afdera 1 6 Awash Fentale 3 7 Dulecha 1 8 Bure Mudaytu 1 Per Filed Survey by ETC 9 Arboba Special Woreda 1 10 Aura 1 11 Teru 1 12 Yalo 1 13 Gulina 1 14 Telalak 1 15 Simurobi 1 Total 21 2/14 Affar D.Table 9.5-1 Number of PCO Planned 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Dem (Däm) (A,Geez) 1. Blood; 2. Sap of Plant; Deem (O) Go ?? Dem Bahir
    dem (däm) (A,Geez) 1. blood; 2. sap of plant; deem (O) go ?? Dem Bahir ../.. [Ch] Lake about a mile in diameter, formed in a depression on a lava field - lava blocks instead of mud can be seen on the bottom through the clear water. Close by is another similar lake, Kurt Bahir. [Cheesman 1936] HEF80 Dem Bet 11°36'/39°23' 1908 m 11/39 [Gz] HDK21 Dem Gijo 09°14'/37°41' 1688 m 09/37 [AA Gz] dema: demma (dämma) (A) bleed, make bleed; dema, deemaa (O) lustful, lewd, lecherous, promiscuous HED70 Dema, see Deyma HED92 Dema (area) 11/37 [WO] JEC50 Dema Lay Terara (Dema'lay T.) 11°19'/41°37' 831 m 11/41 [MS] JEC40 Demaali (Dema'ali), see Damahale JDC72 Demadegu, see Gicha GCU33 Demai 07/34 [WO] demb (dämb) (A) usage, established custom, rule HBL37 Demb (Uamore Demb?) (area) 03°54'/39°08' 03/39 [WO Gz] HFF23 Demba Mikael (church) 13°49'/39°41', east of Wikro 13/39 [Gz] dembal doro: dooro (Som), doro (A) chicken HBM73 Dembal Doro (Dembeldora, Dambaldoro) 04/39 [Gz LM WO] 04°19'/39°38' 1133 m HDE37 Dembala (area) 08/39 [WO] dembar (T) awkward, bashful; dembara (A) border, boundary; denbari (dänbari) (A) shy, skittish HCK78c Dembara, 2120 m, cf Denbera, Dimbira 07/38 [Gu] HCK79 Dembara 07°01'/38°20' 1789 m 07/38 [Wa Gz] HC... Dembara, see Denbara Kela ?? Dembaro ../.. [20] Menilek made submission to Yohannes IV at his camp at Dembaro on 20 March 1878 in an elaborate ceremony. Menilek was crowned King of Shewa on 26 March.
    [Show full text]
  • AMHARA Demography and Health
    1 AMHARA Demography and Health Aynalem Adugna January 1, 2021 www.EthioDemographyAndHealth.Org 2 Amhara Suggested citation: Amhara: Demography and Health Aynalem Adugna January 1, 20201 www.EthioDemographyAndHealth.Org Landforms, Climate and Economy Located in northwestern Ethiopia the Amhara Region between 9°20' and 14°20' North latitude and 36° 20' and 40° 20' East longitude the Amhara Region has an estimated land area of about 170000 square kilometers . The region borders Tigray in the North, Afar in the East, Oromiya in the South, Benishangul-Gumiz in the Southwest and the country of Sudan to the west [1]. Amhara is divided into 11 zones, and 140 Weredas (see map at the bottom of this page). There are about 3429 kebeles (the smallest administrative units) [1]. "Decision-making power has recently been decentralized to Weredas and thus the Weredas are responsible for all development activities in their areas." The 11 administrative zones are: North Gonder, South Gonder, West Gojjam, East Gojjam, Awie, Wag Hemra, North Wollo, South Wollo, Oromia, North Shewa and Bahir Dar City special zone. [1] The historic Amhara Region contains much of the highland plateaus above 1500 meters with rugged formations, gorges and valleys, and millions of settlements for Amhara villages surrounded by subsistence farms and grazing fields. In this Region are located, the world- renowned Nile River and its source, Lake Tana, as well as historic sites including Gonder, and Lalibela. "Interspersed on the landscape are higher mountain ranges and cratered cones, the highest of which, at 4,620 meters, is Ras Dashen Terara northeast of Gonder.
    [Show full text]