Art and War Glossary: Golden Fort, Jaisalmer, India

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Art and War Glossary: Golden Fort, Jaisalmer, India Art and War Glossary: Golden Fort, Jaisalmer, India Barbican Projecting defensive outwork to a fort or a castle gate Bartizan Battlemented parapet or projecting corner Bastion Burj Projecting tower at the angle of two walls of the fortification turret Brahmin Uppermost caste of Hindu society, to which priests belong Corbel Bracket of block of stone projecting from a wall Crenellation Typical notching battlement effect made up of merlons and crenels (the gaps between) Curtain Main wall of a defensive part of a rampart between two bastions Fort Qila Structure primarily for defence Art History in Schools CIO | Registered Charity No. 1164651 Fortress A fortified complex designed to surround and protect an entire city Gajdhars Masons Haveli Courtyard house Jali Pierced ornamental screen to a window opening Jharokhās Balconies Jhilmil Projecting canopy over a window or door opening Kshatriyas Warrior caste Loophole Small opening through which small arms were fired Machicolation Projecting parapet carried on brackets with openings through which missiles may be dropped Merlon Parapet battlements with pointed tops (tooth-like) Art History in Schools CIO | Registered Charity No. 1164651 Parapet Wall designed to cover troops from observation and fire Pol Fortified gateway Pur Stronghold Puranas Hindu religious texts Raj Rule or government Raja Ruler, king; prefix ‘maha’ means great Rajput Meaning ‘sons of kings’ - warrior caste, and dynasties of western India Rajasthan Region of north-western India (previously Hindustan) Ramayana Epic story of Rama Rampart Protective embankment or mound raised inside the curtain wall Art History in Schools CIO | Registered Charity No. 1164651 Scarp Inner wall of ditch or wall in front of rampart Sagar Lake Shastras Treatises Suthar Architect Sutra Thread Vedas The Vedas Sanskrit: veda, "knowledge") are a large body of knowledge texts originating in the ancient Indian subcontinent. the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism Art History in Schools CIO | Registered Charity No. 1164651 .
Recommended publications
  • December 1904
    tlbe VOL XVI. DECEMBER, 1904. No. 6. CHANTILLY CASTLE. 'X every country there are a certain number of resi- dences palaces or castles which are known to all, whose names are bound up with the nation's story, and which are representative, if I may use the term, of the different periods of civilization through which they have come down to us. The picturesque outlines of their towers, balustrades and terraces illus- trate and embellish the pages of history. They tell us of the private life of those who for a short while have occupied the world's stage, showing us what were those persons' ideas of comfort and luxury, their artistic tastes, how they built their habitations and laid out their parks and gardens. Thus these edifices belong to the history of architecture using this word not in its strict meaning of con- struction, but in that of mother and protectress of all the plastic arts. They evoke a vanished past, a past, however, of which we are the outcome. One cannot look without emotion upon such ancient and historical edifices as those at Blois, Fontainebleau, Versailles and Chantilly, not to mention others. Ibis article proposes to deal with Chantilly Castle, in order to show the parts it has successively played in French history during the last four hundred years. Chantilly was never a royal residence. In the sixteenth century it belonged to one of the leading families of France, the Montmorencys, and from the seventeenth to a ;'younger branch of the royal family, viz., the Conde branch. Its 'history is as dramatic as the history of France itself, being, in fact, 'an epitome of the latter.
    [Show full text]
  • Fortification of the Medieval Fort Isar – Shtip
    Trajče NACEV Fortification of the Medieval Fort Isar – Shtip UDK 94:623.1(497.731)”653” University “Goce Delcev” Stip [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: The medieval fort Isar, which was built on top of the ruins of the antique town of Astibo, is located on the hill with a North-South orientation in the central city core. The fortification had its largest increase during the 14th century and from this period we have the best preserved architectonic remains of the fortification. The entire fort is surrounded by fortification walls, with the main entrance in their eastern portion. The suburbs are located on the eastern and southern slopes of the Isar hill. At the highest part (the acropolis) there was another, smaller fortification, probably a feudal residence with a remarkable main tower (Donjon). The article reviews the fortification in the context of the results from the 2001 – 2002 and 2008 – 2010 excavation campaigns. During the first campaign, one of the most significant discoveries was the second tower, a counterpart to the main Donjon tower, and the entrance to the main part of the acropolis positioned between them. With the second 2008 – 2010 campaign, the entire eastern fortification wall of the Isar fort was uncovered. Key words: fortification, fort, curtain wall, tower. The medieval fort Isar (Fig. 1) (Pl. 1) that sprouted on the ruins of the ancient city Astibo, is located on a dominant hill between the Bregalnica river from the north and west and Otinja from the south and east, in the downtown core, in the north –south direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Raid 06, the Samurai Capture a King
    THE SAMURAI CAPTURE A KING Okinawa 1609 STEPHEN TURNBULL First published in 2009 by Osprey Publishing THE WOODLAND TRUST Midland House, West Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 0PH, UK 443 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016, USA Osprey Publishing are supporting the Woodland Trust, the UK's leading E-mail: [email protected] woodland conservation charity, by funding the dedication of trees. © 2009 Osprey Publishing Limited ARTIST’S NOTE All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private Readers may care to note that the original paintings from which the study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, colour plates of the figures, the ships and the battlescene in this book Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be were prepared are available for private sale. All reproduction copyright reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by whatsoever is retained by the Publishers. All enquiries should be any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, addressed to: photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers. Scorpio Gallery, PO Box 475, Hailsham, East Sussex, BN27 2SL, UK Print ISBN: 978 1 84603 442 8 The Publishers regret that they can enter into no correspondence upon PDF e-book ISBN: 978 1 84908 131 3 this matter. Page layout by: Bounford.com, Cambridge, UK Index by Peter Finn AUTHOR’S DEDICATION Typeset in Sabon Maps by Bounford.com To my two good friends and fellow scholars, Anthony Jenkins and Till Originated by PPS Grasmere Ltd, Leeds, UK Weber, without whose knowledge and support this book could not have Printed in China through Worldprint been written.
    [Show full text]
  • English Style, from the Late 18Th Century)
    WHC-99/CONF.204/INF.7 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION BUREAU OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE 23rd session (5 - 10 July 1999) Paris (France) EVALUATIONS OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES Prepared by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) The IUCN and ICOMOS evaluations are made available to members of the Bureau and the World Heritage Committee. A small number of additional copies are also available from the secretariat. Thank you. 1999 Mountains and down to the valley floors. Both rock art and Greater Blue Mountains (Australia) tracks are intact and authentic. The exceptional circumstances of the Greater Blue Mountains are the scale, intensity, and longevity of the No 917 cultural association. It is a place where ancient custodianship over the million hectares of dissected plateaux has been replaced by another, more recent, form of custodianship, significant nonetheless. The intense inter-relationship of nature and people over tens of thousands of years make the Greater Blue Mountains a Identification classic example of the nature-culture continuum, which has exercised the minds of the World Heritage Committee over Nomination The Greater Blue Mountains Area recent years and was given expression in its Global Strategy meeting of March 1998. Cultural criterion vi Location State of New South Wales State Party Australia Category of property Date 30 June 1998 In terms of the categories of cultural property set out in Article 1 of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a site. Note This property is nominated under both natural and History and Description cultural criteria as a mixed site. In this evaluation only that History information from the dossier relating to nomination under the cultural criteria are taken into account.
    [Show full text]
  • The Medieval Castle As a Symbol of Military- Political, Economic and Legal Power in the European Regions of the 10Th-17Th Centuries
    THE MEDIEVAL CASTLE AS A SYMBOL OF MILITARY- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND LEGAL POWER IN THE EUROPEAN REGIONS OF THE 10TH-17TH CENTURIES Eugene Vitalievich KILIMNIK Lyudmila Petrovna KHOLODOVA The medieval feudal castle can be seen as a unique work of European culture, a kind of “mirror of the times,” embodying all manifestations of medieval reality and uniting the medieval regions of Europe and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania which otherwise differed in their environmental, historico-cultural, economic, technical, military and sociocultural level of development. The defensive feudal castle as a historical, architectural and artistic phenomenon of medieval culture was important for more than ten centuries (from the 8th century to the 1740s) as a symbol of the political, legal, economic and cultural power of secular and clerical feudal lords in the various regions of Europe.1 This archetypical spiritual role of the castle within European culture unites castle complexes of different architecture, endowing each with properties that reflect the whole. While peculiarities of dimensional shape and decoration mainly depended on local historico- cultural and defensive traditions, the semantic basis for any castle lay in the ideas of supreme power, common feudal law, defence and submission, i.e. the values of the political and legal culture, reflecting the world of medieval Europe.2 Studying a variety of sources (including history, literature, law, poetry and fine arts) allows us not only to comprehend the historico-cultural background of the epoch of feudal castles, but to imagine the complex system of sociocultural relations in the Middle Ages (political, legal, economic and religious) which were made manifest in the defensive castle.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Terms
    www.nysmm.org Glossary of Terms Some definitions have links to images. ABATIS: Barricade of felled trees with their branches towards the attack and sharpened (primitive version of "barbed wire"). ARROW SLITS: Narrow openings in a wall through which defenders can fire arrows. (also called loopholes) ARTILLERY: An excellent GLOSSARY for Civil War era (and other) Artillery terminologies can be found at civilwarartillery.com/main.htm (Link will open new window.) BAILEY: The walled enclosure or the outer courtyard of a castle. (Ward, Parade) BANQUETTE: The step of earth within the parapet, sufficiently high to enable standing defenders to fire over the crest of the parapet with ease. BARBICAN: Outworks, especially in front of a gate. A heavily fortified gate or tower. BARTIZAN (BARTISAN): Scottish term, projecting corner turret. A small overhanging turret on a tower s battlement. BASTION: A projection from a fortification arranged to give a wider range of fire or to allow firing along the main walls. Usually at the intersection of two walls. BATTER: Inclined face of a wall (Talus). BATTERED: May be used to describe crenellations. BATTERY: A section of guns, a named part of the main fortifications or a separate outer works position (e.g.. North Battery, Water Battery). BATTLEMENTS: The notched top (crenellated parapet) of a defensive wall, with open spaces (crenels) for firing weapons. BEAKED PROJECTION: see EN BEC. BELVEDERE: A pavilion or raised turret. BLOCKHOUSE: Usually a two story wood building with an overhanging second floor and rifle loops and could also have cannon ports (embrasures). Some three story versions. Some with corner projections similar to bastions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact Off Crusader Castles Upon European Western Castles
    THE IMPACT OF CRUSADER CASTLES UPON EUROPEAN WESTERN CASTLES IN THE MIDDLE AGES JORDAN HAMPE MAY 2009 A SENIOR PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN- LA CROSSE Abstract: During the Middle Ages, the period from roughly AD 1000-1450, the structure of castles changed greatly from wooden motte and bailey to stone keeps and defenses within stone city walls. The reason for the change was largely influenced by the crusades as Europeans went to the Holy Lands to conquer. In addition to conquering, these kings brought back a new way of designing and fortifying their castles in England, Wales and France. Without the influence of the crusades, what we think of as true middle age castles would not exist. For my paper I will analyze the impact the crusades had on forming the middle age castles by evidence surviving in the archaeological record from before and after the crusades as well as modifications done on castles to accommodate crusader changes to show the drastic influence of crusader castle fortifications upon English, Welsh and French castles. 1 Introduction Construction of what is believed to be true middle age castles from A.D. 1000 to 1450 began as kings arrived back from the crusades to the Holy Lands, bringing with them ideas of how to make their castles grander and more easily defensible. Before the crusades William I of England was beginning to develop a new concentric style of castle beginning with the Tower of London. After the crusades many English, Welsh and French kings took the concentric concept and combined it with what they saw on the crusades and developed it to become majestic castles and fortresses like Chateau Gaillard in France, Dover Castle in England, and Caernarvon Castle in Wales.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Architecture Being Now out of Print, It Has Been Thought Well to Issue a Third Edition
    TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF E. VIOLLET-LEDUC, BY M. MACDERMOTT, ESQ., ARCHITECT. WLith the original ftmch (Kngrabhtgs. THIRD EDITION. ©ifuro ana lonoott: JAMES PARKER AND CO. 1907. PRINTED BY JAMES PARKER AND CO., CROWN YARD, OXFORD. PREFATORY NOTE TO THE THIRD EDITION. THE Second Edition of the English Translation of Viollet-le-Duc's Military Architecture being now out of print, it has been thought well to issue a third edition. The work seems not to have been superseded by any other as regards the general treatment of the principles adopted in mediaeval times for the fortification of Castles and Towns. The examples, it is true, are drawn from existing remains in France, but the same principles apply to English fortifications whether of Castles or Towns, and the admirable illustrations of M. Viollet-le-Duc speak not only in all languages, but elucidate the mode of structure adopted in all countries. It has therefore not been considered necessary to make any addition to what M. Viollet-le-Duc wrote, but it has been thought well to reprint the Preface by Mr. John Henry Parker, which he appended in 1879 to the Second Edition. Oxford, Sept., 1907. a 2 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. THE first edition of the English translation of this work was published in 1860, under my direction, with the full consent of the Author, and with the original engravings from his own excellent drawings. My reason for re-publishing it at the present time is because I cannot help seeing how useful it would be for the officers of the English army in Zulu-land and other parts of South Africa, and in the savage parts of India, wherever the well-disciplined troops of civilized nations come in contact with savages.
    [Show full text]
  • Site Report: Fort Ward Northwest Bastion
    w y Fort Ward Alexandria Pirginie j yYGrY Exploratory Egoavation rt oP the Northwest Bastion f JuneJuly 1961 t rte a 1 3 Yti 1 by Edward Mob4 Larrabee Contraoting Arohaeologist August 26 1981 f3 4x t irrk r x gr d 51 th7c3yyri St7 RY KYs p i zx vtc U x I 1 I O i i I rC 1 o I t d Q o 1 u i i a o moo I W V e a iw i i r i 1 Historic Drawin Ys g No plans for the Wooden Gnte of Fort Ward 141 170 wl Table ofContents List of Drawings and Maps i List or Photographs li Aolmowledgements 1 I Introduction and Description Projeot History Working 9ohedule and Crew Site Description gho rt His tory4 II Esoavation and Findings A Filling Room 12 B Powder Magazine 16 C Parapet and Ditoh 24 D Gun 1lnbrasure 30 E Auger Test Line 33 III Sample Reoonstruotion 36 N Cono lus ions A Summary oP Structures an dFindings44 B Archaeologioal Conclusions 46 C ldfilitary Engineering48 D Historioal Conolusions 54 56 Appendix I Descriptive Terminology Appendix II List of ftis torio Iiaps 60 65 Appendix I II Outlying Struo to res Appendix IP Table oP ArtiPaots 67 r a SG o List of Drawings and Maps T b k y1 f Fart 1 His torso Drawing 170141Gate of WardFroatispLeoe gistorio Drawing 139170Original Contours6 3 Prot ile of Filling Room 14 4 Profile of Powder Magazine 19 i 5 Profile ofParapet and Ditah 28 fig Plan of Gun Embrasure 32 34 7 Profile oP Auger Line 8 Historic Drawing 170141Old Fart early stage51 t later 9 Histor is Drawing 170 133 Old Fort stage z t Final Plan53 10 Historic Drawing 171104New Fort 11 Drawing to Illustrate Terminology 59 end of 12 Plaa of Northwest Bastion
    [Show full text]
  • Manzanares El Real Castle Architecture Dictionary of Architecture and Construction
    Manzanares el Real Castle Architecture Dictionary of Architecture and Construction Common Roots, New Routes This dictionary includes the most important words related to the architectural elements of the Manzanares el Real Castle Most of the words that we have included in this dictionary are important in order to understand better: ★ the structure of the castle and its different parts, ★ its main elements, ★ the main prime materials, ★ characteristic architectural elements and features of the age and ★ its design. It is also useful to get a general idea of the main features of the age in which the castle was built and to witness how the architects combined some features from the previous age and built a masterpiece which managed to stand out since it was built. In order to make it more visual we have added a picture whenever it was possible, ★ Armour: special clothing made of metal used in the past to protect A the soldiers while fighting. ★ Allure, walk-walk, chemin de ronde: used to refer to the passage that can be found behind the parapet of a castle wall. ★ Arrowslit: a narrow vertical slit cut into a wall through which arrows could be fired. ★ Arches, segmental arches: a curved structure that supports the upper part of a building. sometimes forming an entrance. ○ A curved structure spanning across the top of an opening in a vertical surface. ○ There are several types of arches: round arch, pointed arch, flat top segmental arch, triangular Tudor arch. B ★ Barbican: a specific type of tower that is part of a defensive structure such as a castle.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Castles
    MEDIEVAL CASTLES Marilyn Stokstad GREENWOOD PRESS MEDIEVAL CASTLES Titles in the Series Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Medieval World The Black Death The Crusades Eleanor of Aquitaine, Courtly Love, and the Troubadours Genghis Khan and Mongol Rule Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War Magna Carta Medieval Castles Medieval Cathedrals The Medieval City Medieval Science and Technology The Puebloan Society of Chaco Canyon The Rise of Islam MEDIEVAL CASTLES Marilyn Stokstad Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Medieval World Jane Chance, Series Editor GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stokstad, Marilyn, 1929– Medieval castles / Marilyn Stokstad. p. cm. — (Greenwood guides to historic events of the medieval world) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–32525–1 (alk. paper) 1. Castles—Great Britain. 2. Castles—France. I. Title. II. Series. UG429.G7S76 2005 355.7'094'0902—dc22 2004028450 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2005 by Marilyn Stokstad All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004028450 ISBN: 0–313–32525–1 First published in 2005 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS Illustrations xi Series Foreword xiii Advisory Board xxv Preface xxvii Chronology xxxi Overview: Castles in Context xxxvii Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocket Guide – Medieval Castle Vocabulary
    Castle construction started to fade by the 15th-16th centuries, but existing Castles did not necessarily all fall out of use. use. of out fall all necessarily not did Castles existing but centuries, 15th-16th the by fade to started construction Castle In the 13th Century, defensive features were added to existing Castles, like towers, gateways, and curtain walls. walls. curtain and gateways, towers, like Castles, existing to added were features defensive Century, 13th the In The Golden age of Medieval Castle is considered to be the 12th Century. Century. 12th the be to considered is Castle Medieval of age Golden The www.roadtripsaroundtheworld.com The first Keep or Donjons built from stones, appeared in the 10th century. This is the great tower and usually the most strongly defended point of a Castle. a of point defended strongly most the usually and tower great the is This century. 10th the in appeared stones, from built Donjons or Keep first The Early Castles were often wooden constructions guarded by a palisade and tower. tower. and palisade a by guarded constructions wooden often were Castles Early A Castle is the private fortified residence of a lord or noble. Often built on an a motte, an earthen mound with a flat top, or a prominent rock formation. rock prominent a or top, flat a with mound earthen an motte, a an on built Often noble. or lord a of residence fortified private the is Castle A of European Castles Castles European of Visit my blog to see wonderful pictures pictures wonderful see to blog my Visit VOCABULARY of Medieval Castles Medieval of the Golden age age Golden the Love Castles? Castles? Love CASTLE CASTLE 12th Century: Century: 12th 1650 to 1790 AD 1790 to 1650 Rococo Architecture Rococo MEDIEVAL MEDIEVAL 1890 to 1914 AD 1914 to 1890 AD 1450 to 1100 1600 to 1830 AD 1830 to 1600 and Ottonian styles Ottonian and Art Nouveau Nouveau Art Architecture Gothic Baroque Architecture Baroque Merovingian, Carolingian Carolingian Merovingian, for Road Trips Around The World The Around Trips Road for Period: 500 to 800 AD.
    [Show full text]