DOCSLIB.ORG

Sumário Summary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sumário Summary Sumário Summary CENTRO DE ESTUDOS DE ARQUITECTURA MILITAR DE ALMEIDA N.º 21 - 2019 Na capa: Imagem de um exercício da Escola do Solado, promovida pelo G.R.H.M.A. (Grupo de Recriação Histórica do Município de Almeida) nos passados dias 23 Construindo resultados e 24 de Março de 2019. Fotografia de Carlos Marques. 3 Building results Produção Editorial Presidente da Câmara Municipal / The Mayor Câmara Municipal de Almeida Director Presidente da Câmara Municipal de Almeida Coordenação Editorial e 5 Património Histórico-Militar das Invasões Francesas, o C.E.A.M.A. e Direcção Gráfica o G.R.H.M.A. João Campos Military Historical Heritage of the French Invasions, the C.E.A.M.A. Tradução and the G.R.H.M.A. Adriana Veleda (Saudade Inc.)) João Campos Paula Sousa Colaboraram neste número Antonio Gil Albarracín, Anna Marotta, Adelino Matos Coelho, Beatriz Fonte, Carlos Marques, Francisco Bilou, Frederico Mendes Paula, Ignacio Javier Gil Crespo, João Actas do XIII Seminário Internacional do CEAMA Campos, Maria Augusta Lima Cruz, Moises Cayetano 23 Rosado, Margarida Valla, Otmane Mansouri, Paula Sousa, Proceedings of the 13th International Seminar of CEAMA Stephen Spiteri. Impressão e acabamento Gráficas Lope Tiragem 500 Exemplares 29 Conferência de Margarida Valla ISSN 1646-9089 Conference by Margarida Valla Depósito Legal n.º 272003/08 Margarida Valla CEAMA Publicação da Câmara Municipal de Almeida ACEP - Área Cultural, Estudos e Património Quartel das Esquadras n.º 5 6350- 130 Almeida [email protected] 51 On the use of glossaries in Military Architecture Publications Telefone: 271 571 993 Acerca da utilização de glossários em publicações sobre Os artigos da revista CEAMA são da exclusiva responsa- Arquitectura Militar bilidade dos respectivos autores e não reflectem, neces- sariamente, o ponto de vista da direcção da publicação ou Stephen C. Spiteri da Câmara Municipal de Almeida. Os textos e as imagens desta publicação não podem ser reproduzidos sem auto- rização prévia da Câmara Municipal de Almeida. 65 Conferência de Anna Marotta Conference by Anna Marotta Anna Marotta 97 Contributos post-Seminário Post-Seminar contributions 98 O Livro das Fortalezas de Duarte de Armas: algumas notas cronológicas e topográficas O Livro das Fortalezas by Duarte de Armas: a few chronological and topographical notes Francisco Bilou 110 Reflexiones acerca del 13º Seminario Internacional del C.E.A.M.A. Considerations about the 13th International Seminar of the C.E.A.M.A. Antonio Gil Albarracín 114 Seminario CEAMA 2019 CEAMA 2019 Seminar Ignacio Javier Gil Crespo 117 A Ponte de Sequeiros, o Ensino das Fortificações e os Quartéis da Restauração The Sequeiros Bridge, the Teaching of Fortifications and the Barracks of Restauração João Campos 122 Impressões cruzadas Crossed impressions Moyses Caetano e Margarida Valla 125 A “Ação humanitária” numa hipótese de geminação de Alessandria e Almeida The “Humanitarian action” and the hypothesis of gemination Alessandria / Almeida A. Matos Coelho 136 Fortificação abaluartada de emergência no território entre Almeida e Ciudad Rodrigo Emergency bulwarked fortification in the territory of Almeida and Ciudad Rodrigo João Campos 167 Efeméride dos 250 anos do abandono de Mazagão Celebration of the 250 years of the abandon of Mazagão João Campos 174 Marrocos - Laboratório da Arquitectura Militar Portuguesa da Expansão Morocco - Laboratory for Portuguese Colonial Military Architecture João Campos CONSTRUINDO RESULTADOS Os trabalhos da Candidatura das Forta- lezas Abaluartadas da Raia aproximam-se do fim. A coordenação de esforços entre as quatro Autarquias envolvidas (Almeida, Elvas, Marvão e Valença) poderá levar a que, no começo do ano que aí vem, a Comissão Nacional da Unesco aceite a proposta de dossier a apresentar. Todos teremos a ganhar com a conclusão feliz do processo em que vimos trabalhando há mais de uma dúzia de anos. Almeida, sem dúvida, e cada um dos Municípios envolvidos nesta fase final, mas também todo o espaço da vasta geografia da Raia. No espaço de fronteira existem outros casos que poderão integrar o reconhecimento como Património da Humanidade, acaso disponham das características e condições propícias ao reconhecimento de Valor Universal Excep- cional. E, dado o carácter da série, poderá existir a manifestação do desejo dos nossos vizinhos espanhóis se juntarem com alguns exemplares, construindo-se na prática um Bem cultural transnacional de grande visibi- Ensaiamos entretanto este processo, a nível lidade internacional. No âmbito do Consórcio nacional, com a constituição da “Rota das Transfronteirizo de Ciudades Amuralladas Fortalezas Abaluartadas da Raia”, perspec- vimos demonstrando, com os trabalhos do tivando-se a organização de um Centro de Plano Estratégico de Fortificações, a natural Interpretação, a instalar nas Portas Exteriores apetência de Ciudad Rodrigo ( e do Fuerte de de São Francisco. La Concepción) para integrar a classificação superior da UNESCO. É por isso muito relevante que tenha sido decidido, entre os membros da Candi- As sinergias a esperar do funcionamento em datura, ser em Almeida (e no nosso Centro rede de uma série patrimonial classificada, de Estudos de Arquitectura Militar, CEAMA) a nacional ou mais alargada, podem trazer Sede administrativa. reflexos muito positivos para Almeida. Por um lado pela atractividade que lhe é própria, mas igualmente pelo factor de localização, ANTÓNIO JOSÉ MONTEIRO MACHADO, Presidente da Câmara Municipal já que Almeida se situa no epicentro de um espaço que, motivando um universo espe- cífico de interessados na história das fortifi- cações e das fronteiras, poderá ser um foco catalisador de fluxos qualificados de turismo. BUILDING RESULTS The works of the Candidature of the that, motivating a specific universe of Bulwarked Fortifications of the“Raia” people interested in the history of for- is nearing its end. The coordination of tifications and frontiers, could be a ca- efforts between the four municipalities talyst for qualified flows of tourism. involved (Almeida, Elvas, Marvão and In the meantime, we are rehearsing this Valença) could lead, at the beginning of process at the national level, with the next year,to the adoption of the dossier constitution of the “Raia” Bulwarked to be submitted by the UNESCO’ Natio- Fortifications Route, with the perspecti- nal Commission. ve of organizing an Interpretation Cen- We will all have to gain from the happy ter, to be installed at the Outer Gate of completion of the process we have S. Francisco. been working on for over a dozen years. It is therefore very important that it was Almeida can gain, undoubtedly, as well decided, among the members of the as each of the Municipalities involved in Candidature, to be in Almeida (and in this final phase, but also the entire spa- our Center of Studies on Military Ar- ce of the vast geography of the Raia. In chitecture, CEAMA) the administrative the frontier space there are other cases headquarters of the future World Heri- that may integrate the label of World tage, constituting in it the documentary Heritage Site, if they have the charac- archive that this type of property must teristics and conditions conducive to have associated, by UNESCO require- the recognition of the Outstanding Uni- ments. It is a new level and a more qua- versal Value. And given the character of lified vision that lies ahead. the series, there may be a manifestation of the desire of our Spanish neighbors to join with a few examples, building in ANTÓNIO JOSÉ MONTEIRO MACHADO, practice a transnational cultural asset Mayor of Almeida of high international visibility. In the fra- mework of the Transfrontier Walled City Consortium, we have been demonstra- ting, with the work of the Strategic Plan of Fortifications, the natural position of Ciudad Rodrigo (and Fuerte de La Con- cepción) to be part of the higher ranking of UNESCO. The synergies to be expected from the networking of a classified national or broader heritage series can get very po- sitive consequences for Almeida. On the one hand, due to its own attractiveness, but also due to its location factor, since Almeida is at the epicenter of a space Património Histórico-Militar das Invasões Francesas, o C.E.A.M.A. e o G.R.H.M.A. Military Historical Heritage of the French Invasions, the C.E.A.M.A. and the G.R.H.M.A. Paula Sousa* O presente artigo surge no seguimento do This article follows the invitation made by the convite endereçado pelo CIBV (Centro de CIBV (Battle of Vimeiro Interpretation Centre) Interpretação da Batalha do Vimeiro) ao to the Municipality of Almeida, to integrate Município de Almeida, com o propósito de the work session for the conference called integrar a sessão de trabalhos com a confe- “Historical-Military Heritage of the French rência subordinada ao tema: “Património Invasions: Tourism Engagement, Communi- Histórico-Militar das Invasões Francesas: cation and Promotion”, which took place on 14 July. Ativação Turística, Comunicação e Divul- This participation had the purpose of show- gação”, que decorreu no passado dia 14 de casing the growth of the largest Historical julho. Re-enactment of the Napoleonic Era in A nossa participação teve como principal Portugal, summing up, on a few pages the objetivo mostrar o crescimento da maior essential core of the programme, more Recriação Histórica da Época Napoleónica than a decade old, of the “Historical Re-en- em Portugal, vertendo em poucas páginas o actment of the Siege of Almeida”. essencial da programação de mais de uma década da “Recriação Histórica do
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cultural Organizations, Networks and Mediators
    12 The International Dimension of the Portuguese “Politics of the Spirit” Antnio Ferro, Jlio Dantas, Fidelino de Figueiredo Ângela Fernandes When considering the Portuguese public panorama in the first half of the twentieth century, we should note the close connection between political evolution towards dictatorship and the growing process of institutional- ization of cultural and artistic phenomena. In this process, the presence of Antnio Ferro (Lisbon 1895–1956) is absolutely prominent. As a liter- ary author and a public intellectual, Ferro was a leading figure, and his writings help us understand both the international connections and the national focus of the Portuguese state policy concerning the promotion of the arts, namely in the 1930s. 1 In the newspaper article “Política do espírito” [“Politics of the spirit”], published on November 21st, 1932, Antnio Ferro borrowed Paul Valéry’s title and coined the expression and the key concept underlying what he considered the necessary future political and cultural intervention in Portugal, and soon the motto “poli- tics of the spirit” became the heading of the state program to promote the arts. Indeed, a few months later, Ferro was invited to be the director of the SPN—Secretariado de Propaganda Nacional (the Office for National Propaganda), officially inaugurated in October 1933, and all initiatives promoted during the 30s and the 40s under his leadership were meant to be part of a comprehensive “politics of the spirit” aimed at the support and the enhancement of Portuguese culture. In order to map the international dimension of the Portuguese “poli- tics of the spirit” and also the international (namely European) connec- tions of the Portuguese intellectuals of the time, we shall analyze not only Antonio Ferro’s most relevant writings on this topic but also the testimo- nies of other protagonists of the Portuguese intellectual scenario.
    [Show full text]
  • WAB Forum Template
    WAB FORUM SUPPLEMENT SEVEN YEARS WAR 1756 – 1763 AD Games Workshop, the Games Workshop logo, Warhammer, Warhammer Historical Wargames and the Warhammer Historical Wargameslogo are trademarks of Games Workshop, Ltd WAB Forum 1 v 0.1 WAB FORUM SUPPLEMENT SEVEN YEARS WAR 1756 – 1763 AD - able to reform into a Square INTRODUCTION - can choose to reform as charge reaction, Ld-test needed, -1 if attacked in flank, -2 in rear - in case they are charged in the flank and a Battalion Gun is attached, simply ignore the gun and it’s crew LINE CAVALRY - count as open order - may add rank bonus up to +1 SPECIAL RULES - able to perform an order MUSKETS BATTALION GUN (75pts) - range 24”, S3, S4 at short range Counts as Light Cannon (see below) but must be attached to a Line - one rank may fire Infantry unit (left or right flank). Must move like the unit, but is unable to - if not moved last turn two ranks may shoot (salvoe), but no further fast march. Cannot move and shoot. Must stay at one flank of the unit. salvoe including next round, enemy units have to make a panic test Have to shoot at the same target as the unit, but normal cannon immediately if they have casualtiesfrom the salvoe restrictions apply. The battalion gun is able to perform a Canister Shot as charge reactionif the unit the gun is attached at will be attacked. ORDERS Each character model enables one line infantry or line cavalry unit with a CHARACTERS EQUIPMENT successful Ld-test to have extra movement or a reform before the Characters may have the equipment of the unit they join at the start of the normal movement phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Dockyards Society
    20TH CENTURY NAVAL DOCKYARDS: DEVONPORT AND PORTSMOUTH CHARACTERISATION REPORT Naval Dockyards Society Devonport Dockyard Portsmouth Dockyard Title page picture acknowledgements Top left: Devonport HM Dockyard 1951 (TNA, WORK 69/19), courtesy The National Archives. Top right: J270/09/64. Photograph of Outmuster at Portsmouth Unicorn Gate (23 Oct 1964). Reproduced by permission of Historic England. Bottom left: Devonport NAAFI (TNA, CM 20/80 September 1979), courtesy The National Archives. Bottom right: Portsmouth Round Tower (1843–48, 1868, 3/262) from the north, with the adjoining rich red brick Offices (1979, 3/261). A. Coats 2013. Reproduced with the permission of the MoD. Commissioned by The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England of 1 Waterhouse Square, 138-142 Holborn, London, EC1N 2ST, ‘English Heritage’, known after 1 April 2015 as Historic England. Part of the NATIONAL HERITAGE PROTECTION COMMISSIONS PROGRAMME PROJECT NAME: 20th Century Naval Dockyards Devonport and Portsmouth (4A3.203) Project Number 6265 dated 7 December 2012 Fund Name: ARCH Contractor: 9865 Naval Dockyards Society, 44 Lindley Avenue, Southsea, PO4 9NU Jonathan Coad Project adviser Dr Ann Coats Editor, project manager and Portsmouth researcher Dr David Davies Editor and reviewer, project executive and Portsmouth researcher Dr David Evans Devonport researcher David Jenkins Project finance officer Professor Ray Riley Portsmouth researcher Sponsored by the National Museum of the Royal Navy Published by The Naval Dockyards Society 44 Lindley Avenue, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO4 9NU, England navaldockyards.org First published 2015 Copyright © The Naval Dockyards Society 2015 The Contractor grants to English Heritage a non-exclusive, transferable, sub-licensable, perpetual, irrevocable and royalty-free licence to use, copy, reproduce, adapt, modify, enhance, create derivative works and/or commercially exploit the Materials for any purpose required by Historic England.
    [Show full text]
  • Signal Hill National Historic Park
    Newfoundland Signal Hill National Historic Park o o o o S2 o r m D Brief History Signal Hill, a natural lookout commanding theapproachesto St. John's harbour played a significant role in the history of Newfound­ land. Although the island became a military stronghold in the 1790's, Vikings probably landed as early as the 10th century, when they were carried there by wind and current. Later, the island's existence was common knowledge among European fishermen, who called the land on their maps Bacca- laos (cod) in tribute to the silvery fish which drew them across the Atlantic Ocean. Fishing expeditions were greatly encour­ aged by the voyages of exploration at the end of the 15th century. John Cabot from England in 1497 and 1498, and Jacgues Cartier, from France in 1534, acclaimed the natural wealth of the Grand Banks off New­ foundland. As the fishing industry grew its methods changed. Fleets had been leaving Europe in the spring and returning in the autumn, but in the 16th century some fishermen began to winter in Newfoundland, building smaii settlements along the coast. The was used as a signalling station. To aiert 1713), France was permitted to continue French settled around Placentia and the the town, cannons were fired at the ap­ fishing off Newfoundland, but the island English near St. John's. Even without the proach of enemy or friendly ships heading became England's property. support of their governments these first for St. John's or neighbouring Quidi Vidi. During the Seven Years' War between colonists felt the areas they occupied be­ Unfortunately the warning system and France and England (1756-63), France ex­ longed to their countries and they under­ new defences proved ineffective against perienced a number of severe reverses in took to fortify their settlements.
    [Show full text]
  • Lochranza Castle Statement of Significance
    Property in Care (PIC) ID: PIC090 Designations: Scheduled Monument (SM90206) Taken into State care: 1956 (Guardianship) Last reviewed: 2004 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE LOCHRANZA CASTLE We continually revise our Statements of Significance, so they may vary in length, format and level of detail. While every effort is made to keep them up to date, they should not be considered a definitive or final assessment of our properties. Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH © Historic Environment Scotland 2019 You may re-use this information (excluding logos and images) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- government-licence/version/3/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: Historic Environment Scotland Longmore House Salisbury Place Edinburgh EH9 1SH +44 (0) 131 668 8600 www.historicenvironment.scot You can download this publication from our website at www.historicenvironment.scot Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH LOCHRANZA CASTLE BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lochranza Castle occupies a low, gravelly peninsula projecting into Loch Ranza on the north coast of Arran and was constructed during the late 13th or early 14th centuries as a two-storey hall house.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of the Vocabularies of the Gregg Shorthand Dictionary
    The Woman's College of The University of North Carolina LIBRARY ne.52. COLLEGE COLLECTION Gift of Daisy Elizabeth Cobb COMPARISON OF THE VOCABULARIES OF THE GREGG SHORTHAND DICTIONARY AND HORN-PETERSON'S BASIC VOCABULARY OF BUSINESS LETTERS by Daisy Elizabeth Cobb $ A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of North Carolina in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Business Education Greensboro 1945 Approved by: '■UA^^J Adviser TABLE 0? CONSENTS CHAPTER ?AaB I. INTRODUCTION l Materials l Purpose 6 limitations 6 Utilisation of Vocabulary Lists in Shorthand Instruction •• * II. PROCEDURES U III. PINDINQS AND CONCLUSIONS ** APPENDICES ..... 24 A. fords Pound in Both Shorthand Dictionary and Horn-Peterson List B. fords Pound in Horn-Peterson List hut Not Pound in Shorthand Dictionary C. fords Pound in Shorthand Dictionary hut Not Pound in Horn-Peterson List D. fords Presented in Multipls Listings in the Body of Shorthand Dictionary B. fords Occurring Only Ones hut Not Listed in Alphabetical Order in the (Jregg Shorthand Dictionary P. fords Appearing in Introduction in Addition to their Listing in the Body of the Dictionary C. fords Appearing in Introduction hut Not Included in the Body of the Dictionary .. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Materials This study is a comparative analysis of the vocabularies of Horn and Peterson's The Basic Vocabulary of Business Letters and the Gregg Shorthand Dictionary.2 Both books purport to present a list of words most frequently encountered by stenograpners and stu- dents of shorthand. The, Basic Vocabulary of Business Letters, published "in answer to repeated requests for data on the words appearing most frequently in business letters,"3 is a frequency list specific to business writing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sand Filterers
    1 The sand filterers Majnoun, the passionate lover of Leila, wandering in the desert, was seen one day filtering sand in his hands. “What are you looking for?” He was asked. “I am looking for Leila.” “How can you expect to find such a pure pearl like Leila in this dust?” “I look for Leila everywhere”, replied Majnoun, “hoping to find her one day, somewhere.” Farid Eddin Attar, as reported by Emile Dermenghem, Spiritual Masters’ Collection. 2 Introduction Whatever judgment passed in the future on Mostefa Ben Boulaid, Bachir Chihani or Adjel Adjoul, a place in the mythical Algerian revolution will be devoted to them. Many controversies will arise concerning the nature of this place. As for me, I only hope to be faithful to their truth. To achieve this, I think time has come to unveil the history of the Aures- Nememcha insurrection and rid it of its slag, reaching deep in its genuine reality which makes it fascinating. The events told here go from November 1st, 1954 to June 1959. They depict rather normal facts, sometimes mean, often grandiose, and men who discover their humanity and whose everyday life in the bush is scrutinized as if by a scanner. As it is known, it is not easy to revive part of contemporary History, particularly the one concerning the Aures Nememcha insurrection of November 1954. I have started gleaning testimonies in 1969, leaving aside those dealing with propaganda or exonerating partiality. I have confronted facts and witnesses, through an unyielding search for truth, bearing in mind that each witness, consciously or not, is victim of his own implication.
    [Show full text]
  • English Style, from the Late 18Th Century)
    WHC-99/CONF.204/INF.7 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION BUREAU OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE 23rd session (5 - 10 July 1999) Paris (France) EVALUATIONS OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES Prepared by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) The IUCN and ICOMOS evaluations are made available to members of the Bureau and the World Heritage Committee. A small number of additional copies are also available from the secretariat. Thank you. 1999 Mountains and down to the valley floors. Both rock art and Greater Blue Mountains (Australia) tracks are intact and authentic. The exceptional circumstances of the Greater Blue Mountains are the scale, intensity, and longevity of the No 917 cultural association. It is a place where ancient custodianship over the million hectares of dissected plateaux has been replaced by another, more recent, form of custodianship, significant nonetheless. The intense inter-relationship of nature and people over tens of thousands of years make the Greater Blue Mountains a Identification classic example of the nature-culture continuum, which has exercised the minds of the World Heritage Committee over Nomination The Greater Blue Mountains Area recent years and was given expression in its Global Strategy meeting of March 1998. Cultural criterion vi Location State of New South Wales State Party Australia Category of property Date 30 June 1998 In terms of the categories of cultural property set out in Article 1 of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a site. Note This property is nominated under both natural and History and Description cultural criteria as a mixed site. In this evaluation only that History information from the dossier relating to nomination under the cultural criteria are taken into account.
    [Show full text]
  • CHÂTEAU DU SAILHANT (Andelat, Cantal)
    Christian CORVISIER Historien34, Grande de l’architecture Rue 02130 BRUYERES SUR FERE TEL: 03 23 71 20 93 fax: 03 23 71 47 00 CHÂTEAU DU SAILHANT (Andelat, Cantal) MONOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUE ET ARCHITECTURALE AOUT 1999 Christian CORVISIER Historien34, Grande de l’architecture Rue 02130 BRUYERES SUR FERE TEL: 03 23 71 20 93 fax: 03 23 71 47 00 CHÂTEAU DU SAILHANT (Andelat, Cantal) MONOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUE ET ARCHITECTURALE ETUDE APPROFONDIE DE DOCUMENTATION ET D’ANALYSE HISTORIQUE ET ARCHEOLOGIQUE AOUT 1999 I HISTORIC DATA: THE CASTLE, ITS FUNCTION, ITS MUTATIONS, ITS OWNERS The history of the castle of Sailhant was the subject of a substantial monograph dating from the beginning of the century, written by Alfred Douet, a clerk and scholar in St. Flour. This monograph totally neglects the archaeological and architectural aspects of the castle of Sailhant, and provides no real description or dates. Alfred Douet concentrates mainly on the genealogy of the Lords of Sailhant: he uses and completes data taken from the ancient book of Baluze (among others) about the Lords of Auvergne. He also focuses on the purpose of the castle during the Hundred Years’ war, and uses works published before his book and written by another local historian specialized in texts, Marcelin Boudet, famous for his archival work and his scientific method. The goal here is not to simply paraphrase or summarize Alfred Douet’s complex work but to retain the essential contextual information which will allow us to refine the hypothesis relative to the nature and dates of the successive campaigns of construction which are still imprinted in the fabric of the existing castle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Medieval Castle As a Symbol of Military- Political, Economic and Legal Power in the European Regions of the 10Th-17Th Centuries
    THE MEDIEVAL CASTLE AS A SYMBOL OF MILITARY- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND LEGAL POWER IN THE EUROPEAN REGIONS OF THE 10TH-17TH CENTURIES Eugene Vitalievich KILIMNIK Lyudmila Petrovna KHOLODOVA The medieval feudal castle can be seen as a unique work of European culture, a kind of “mirror of the times,” embodying all manifestations of medieval reality and uniting the medieval regions of Europe and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania which otherwise differed in their environmental, historico-cultural, economic, technical, military and sociocultural level of development. The defensive feudal castle as a historical, architectural and artistic phenomenon of medieval culture was important for more than ten centuries (from the 8th century to the 1740s) as a symbol of the political, legal, economic and cultural power of secular and clerical feudal lords in the various regions of Europe.1 This archetypical spiritual role of the castle within European culture unites castle complexes of different architecture, endowing each with properties that reflect the whole. While peculiarities of dimensional shape and decoration mainly depended on local historico- cultural and defensive traditions, the semantic basis for any castle lay in the ideas of supreme power, common feudal law, defence and submission, i.e. the values of the political and legal culture, reflecting the world of medieval Europe.2 Studying a variety of sources (including history, literature, law, poetry and fine arts) allows us not only to comprehend the historico-cultural background of the epoch of feudal castles, but to imagine the complex system of sociocultural relations in the Middle Ages (political, legal, economic and religious) which were made manifest in the defensive castle.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Aneurin
    The Aneurin Great War Project: Timeline Part 6 - The Georgian Wars, 1764 to 1815 Copyright Notice: This material was written and published in Wales by Derek J. Smith (Chartered Engineer). It forms part of a multifile e-learning resource, and subject only to acknowledging Derek J. Smith's rights under international copyright law to be identified as author may be freely downloaded and printed off in single complete copies solely for the purposes of private study and/or review. Commercial exploitation rights are reserved. The remote hyperlinks have been selected for the academic appropriacy of their contents; they were free of offensive and litigious content when selected, and will be periodically checked to have remained so. Copyright © 2013-2021, Derek J. Smith. First published 09:00 BST 30th May 2013. This version 09:00 GMT 20th January 2021 [BUT UNDER CONSTANT EXTENSION AND CORRECTION, SO CHECK AGAIN SOON] This timeline supports the Aneurin series of interdisciplinary scientific reflections on why the Great War failed so singularly in its bid to be The War to End all Wars. It presents actual or best-guess historical event and introduces theoretical issues of cognitive science as they become relevant. UPWARD Author's Home Page Project Aneurin, Scope and Aims Master References List BACKWARD IN TIME Part 1 - (Ape)men at War, Prehistory to 730 Part 2 - Royal Wars (Without Gunpowder), 731 to 1272 Part 3 - Royal Wars (With Gunpowder), 1273-1602 Part 4 - The Religious Civil Wars, 1603-1661 Part 5 - Imperial Wars, 1662-1763 FORWARD IN TIME Part
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Castles
    MEDIEVAL CASTLES Marilyn Stokstad GREENWOOD PRESS MEDIEVAL CASTLES Titles in the Series Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Medieval World The Black Death The Crusades Eleanor of Aquitaine, Courtly Love, and the Troubadours Genghis Khan and Mongol Rule Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War Magna Carta Medieval Castles Medieval Cathedrals The Medieval City Medieval Science and Technology The Puebloan Society of Chaco Canyon The Rise of Islam MEDIEVAL CASTLES Marilyn Stokstad Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Medieval World Jane Chance, Series Editor GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stokstad, Marilyn, 1929– Medieval castles / Marilyn Stokstad. p. cm. — (Greenwood guides to historic events of the medieval world) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–32525–1 (alk. paper) 1. Castles—Great Britain. 2. Castles—France. I. Title. II. Series. UG429.G7S76 2005 355.7'094'0902—dc22 2004028450 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2005 by Marilyn Stokstad All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004028450 ISBN: 0–313–32525–1 First published in 2005 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS Illustrations xi Series Foreword xiii Advisory Board xxv Preface xxvii Chronology xxxi Overview: Castles in Context xxxvii Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]