TRADE MARKET INTELLIGENCE SPECIAL REPORT:

Exporting Fish & Seafood to South TRADE MARKET INTELLIGENCE REPORT: EXPORTING FISH & SEAFOOD TO SOUTH TO SEAFOOD & FISH EXPORTING REPORT: INTELLIGENCE MARKET TRADE October 2019 Disclaimer: All Rights Reserved

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The information and facts of this report are believed to be accurate at the time of publication, but because of rapid changes in the market or other conditions, cannot be guaranteed. Please note that the findings, conclusions and recommendations that NSBI delivers are based on information gathered in good faith from both primary and secondary sources, whose accuracy we are not always in a position to guarantee. These sources include subscribed and public databases, government and association websites, and other sources that have been referenced and sourced throughout the report.

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TRADE MARKET INTELLIGENCE With a research team of sector specialists with access to leading proprietary databases, TMI helps Nova Scotia companies access trade intelligence to help identify export opportunities specific to their products, services, and markets of interest. If you are interested in TMI for your company, please visit https://www.novascotiabusiness.com/TMI Report Overview

This report provides an overview of the market conditions and export opportunities for fish and seafood products to South Korea. South Korea has one of the world’s highest levels of seafood consumption and relies heavily on imports. With the Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement phasing out fish and seafood tariffs between the two countries, and with direct cargo connections between Nova Scotia, Seoul and Busan, the market is more accessible than ever. There are a variety of potential opportunities for Nova Scotian fish and seafood exports, from prepared lobster to the underutilized European green species. This report includes detailed information on the processes and regulations involved in selling to the South Korean market. This includes the major South Korean authorities involved in the process, business and facility registration, the Korean web-based customs clearance system, the Korean export risk classification program, important clearance procedures, common document requirements, inspection processes, quarantine process, certificates of origin, and other required certifications and standards. Information on importing samples for trade shows and client meetings, as well as guidance on labelling standards, has also been included. The report concludes with information on major trade shows in the market.

YOU’RE READY. WE’RE HERE TO HELP. NSBI is dedicated to helping Nova Scotia companies enter and grow in markets around the world. Our team of sector and market specialists bring the intelligence and insights companies need to make informed export decisions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 ����������������������Market Overview 5 �������������� Export Opportunities 7 ������������������� Trade Regulations

18 �����������������������������������Labelling 20 ���������������������������������������Events

novascotiabusiness.com Market Overview The Republic of Korea, commonly Quick Facts About South Korea known as South Korea, is Canada’s 6th largest merchandise trading 1 Population: 51.6 million (2018) partner and the 3rd largest GDP: CAD$2.16 trillion (2018)2 partner in Asia, accounting for CAD$5.9 billion of Canada’s Currency: South Korean won (KRW)3 total goods exports in 2018.9 Exchange Rate: KRW 1 = CAD$0.001109 The Canada-Korea Free Trade (Sept 2019 Average)4 Agreement (CKFTA) entered into force January 1, 2015, eliminating Official Language: Korean5 and reducing tariffs on a wide variety of products. Most Korean Capital: Seoul6 tariffs on Canadian fish and Major Cities: Busan, Daegu, , seafood products have been Gwangju, Incheon, Ulsan7 eliminated since 2017, with the rest being gradually phased out Top Social Media Platforms: KaKaoTalk, by 2026.10 Further information on 8 YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, KaKaoStory fish and seafood tariffs is available in the Trade Regulations section of this report. South Korea relies heavily on imports to satisfy national food requirements. Korean agriculture is constrained by a limited amount of arable land and the local fisheries are unable to meet domestic demand for seafood.11 With one of the world’s highest levels of seafood consumption, it’s no surprise that seafood imports and aquaculture production are of growing importance to the country’s food supply.12 13 Generally, traders are the ones to import fish and seafood products, which are then sold to local distributors or directly to hotels and the food service industry. Traders dealing in high volumes may also sell directly to supermarkets, discount stores, and

1 department stores.14 Most foreign exporters use trading agents or distributors to represent their products in Korea, and exclusive right-to-sell agreements are common practice. Trading agents will represent goods in exchange for sales commission but do not take ownership of the goods. The food services and manufacturing industries rely on trading agents. Distributors will buy goods and resell them with an added margin. These distributors sell to wholesalers, retailers, or directly to consumers.15 Species commonly consumed by Koreans include anchovy, shrimp, mackerel, squid, Alaskan Pollock, tuna, yellow corbina, hair tail, flat fish, Atlantic salmon, monk fish, eel, rock fish, and cod.16 Importers tend to import a relatively small variety of species that they know are in high demand; for example, 30 species accounted for more than 95% of total seafood imports from the United States in 2018.17 The top species imported from Nova Scotia in 2018 were lobsters, clams, , and eels. Live lobster accounted for nearly 70% of the total value of Nova Scotia’s seafood exports to South Korea.18 Korean people eat fresh, chilled, and frozen seafood. Fresh fish is preferred over frozen as it is assumed to taste better, however it is generally more expensive. With rising demand for convenience foods, Korean consumers are becoming more interested in processed and ready-to-eat seafood products.19 Fish and Seafood Types Currently Exported from Nova Scotia to South Korea, 2014-201820

Exported from Exported from Nova Lobsters Canada to Korea Scotia to Korea HS2017 Description 2014-2018 2018 2014-2018 2018 Code 16053010 lobster, prepared or preserved, 2,021,086 1,519,865 874,837 418,278 frozen 03063290* lobsters, fresh or chilled, o/t live (*includes previous HS2012 code: 383,003 342,975 383,003 342,975 03062290) 03061210 lobsters, in brine, frozen 12,540,449 5,119,164 4,766,638 2,483,221 03063210* lobsters, live (*includes previous 227,294,036 58,607,427 225,050,319 58,411,929 HS2012 code: 03063210) 03061290 lobsters, nes, frozen 98,111,167 38,225,367 44,044,854 16,668,562

Exported from Exported from Nova Shrimp and Prawns Canada to Korea Scotia to Korea HS2017 Description 2014-2018 2018 2014-2018 2018 Code 03061610 cold-water shrimps and prawns, 14,512,264 1,281,786 594,102 153,754 frozen, in shell 03061620 cold-water shrimps and prawns, 358,951 128,125 128,125 128,125 frozen, shelled

novascotiabusiness.com 2 Fish and Seafood Types Currently Exported from Nova Scotia to South Korea, 2014-201821

Exported from Exported from Nova Shellfish Canada to Korea Scotia to Korea HS2017 Description 2014-2018 2018 2014-2018 2018 Code 03077219 clams, o/t stimson's, frozen, 1,024,140 1,024,140 1,024,140 1,024,140 whether in shell or not 03077900 clams, cockles, ark shells, dried/ salted/in brine/smoked, w/n ckd 154,993 0 154,993 0 before/during smok 03077290 cockles and ark shells, frozen, 1,758,338 326,237 1,506,893 74,792 whether in shell or not 03077990* cockles and ark shells, other than live, fresh, or chilled (*defunct 4,847,845 0 4,847,845 0 HS2012 code; no direct HS2017 equivalent) 03077211 stimson's clams, frozen, whether in 174,565 174,565 174,565 174,565 shell or not 03079900 molluscs, nes, dried/salted/in brine/smoked; mol flours, meals & 997,342 135,475 135,475 135,475 pellets, f hum cons 03073900 mussels, dried/salted/brine/ smoked, w/n cooked before/during 26,565 23,492 23,492 23,492 smoking

Exported from Exported from Nova Scallops Canada to Korea Scotia to Korea HS2017 Description 2014-2018 2018 2014-2018 2018 Code 03072200 scallops, including queen scallops, 134,170 0 134,170 0 frozen, whether in shell or not 03072100 scallops, including queen scallops, 200 0 200 0 shelled or not, live, fresh or chilled

Exported from Exported from Nova Eels Canada to Korea Scotia to Korea HS2017 Description 2014-2018 2018 2014-2018 2018 Code 03032600 eels, frozen, o/t fish of no 03.04, o/t 1,545,429 535,533 283,774 190,860 fish offal of nos 0303.91-0303.99 03019200 eels, live 7,809,352 1,214,730 5,206,032 544,730

3 Fish and Seafood Types Currently Exported from Nova Scotia to South Korea, 2014-201822

Exported from Exported from Nova Crabs Canada to Korea Scotia to Korea HS2017 Description 2014-2018 2018 2014-2018 2018 Code 16051090 crab, prepared or preserved, nes 339,480 334,321 339,480 334,321 03061490 crabs, frozen, nes 6,533,497 876,974 5,230,838 580,752 03063300 crabs, live, fresh or chilled 300 0 300 0 03062400* crabs, not frozen (*defunct HS2012 1,921,850 0 1,707,312 0 code; no direct HS2017 equivalent) 03061410 crabs, snow (queen), frozen 6,185,680 338,877 669,610 0

Exported from Exported from Nova Other FIsh and Seafood Canada to Korea Scotia to Korea HS2017 Description 2014-2018 2018 2014-2018 2018 Code 03035910* capelin, frozen, o/t fish of no 03.04, o/t offal of nos 0303.91-0303.99 5,052,273 1,029,965 1,160,055 477,463 (*includes previous HS2012 code: 03038911) 03038913 ocean perch, frozen, o/t fish of no 03.04, o/t fish offal of nos 0303.91- 1,205,667 1 898,165 0 0303.99 03038914 sablefish, frozen, o/t fish of no 03.04, o/t fish offal of nos 0303.91- 808,257 0 612,687 0 0303.99 03038200 rays & skates, frozen,o/t fish of no 03.04, o/t fish offal of nos 0303.91- 4,223,340 574,009 248,758 0 0303.99 03063100 rock lobster and other sea crawfish, 67,325 67,325 67,325 67,325 live, fresh or chilled 03023500 tunas, atlantic & pacific bluefin, fresh/chd,o/t no 03.04,o/t nos 55,987 0 55,987 0 0302.91-0302.99 16056100 sea cucumbers, prepared or 11,781 0 11,781 0 preserved 03038919 sea fish, nes, frozen, o/t fish of no 03.04, o/t fish offal of nos 0303.91- 10,642,442 780,377 10,456,154 741,274 0303.99 03038929 freshwater fish, nes, frozen, o/t fish of no 03.04, o/t offal of nos 1,068,705 462,646 1,068,705 462,646 0303.91-0303.99 15042090 fish fats & oils, nes, & their fractions, o/t liver, refined/not, not chemical 11,737,541 1,493,140 3,547,348 691,296 mod

novascotiabusiness.com 4 Export Opportunities Canada has an advantageous position within the South Korean market due to the CKFTA and Canada’s reputation for safe, high quality seafood products.23 Nova Scotia has the additional benefit of direct and indirect cargo flights to South Korea through the Halifax Stanfield International Airport. Korean Air Cargo currently runs two weekly flights between the Halifax Stanfield International Airport and Incheon airport; the flight load is entirely seafood, predominantly live lobster, and takes an average of 90-100 metric tonnes of product. Air Canada, Cargojet and Fedex also provide indirect cargo flight access to Korea through their networks.24 Additionally, Zim Integrated Shipping Services offers weekly containerized cargo and temperature-controlled cargo shipping services to Busan, South Korea from the Port of Halifax.25 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada has identified several seafood market opportunities in South Korea relevant to Nova Scotian companies: lobster products, crab products, clam products, and shrimp products.26 Lobster is growing in popularity in the South Korean market. Until 2014, the market for lobster was quite small, but it grew significantly when the Korea-America Free Trade Agreement dropped the tariff on American lobsters to 8%. At the time, almost all lobster imports came from the US. In 2015, the introduction of CKFTA dropped tariffs on Canadian frozen lobster to 0% and rapidly increased both the market size and the role of Canadian lobster in the market. In 2017, Canadian live lobster tariffs were reduced to 0%, further strengthening Canada’s market share.27 In 2018, Canada accounted for over 80% of all fresh and frozen lobster imported into South Korea, in terms of quantity.28 Crabs have a much more established market, but Canada has less of the total market share and there is room to grow. Canada is the 10th largest frozen crab source, and the 9th largest live, fresh, and chilled crab source for South Korea, in terms of value.29 Canada was the source of 97% of prepared or preserved lobster imported into South Korea in 2018, and 20% of prepared or preserved crab.30 The majority of prepared crab exported to Korea from Canada came from Nova Scotia. Other provinces, namely Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, exported the majority of prepared lobster products.31 Both prepared and preserved lobster and crab products from Nova Scotia have the potential for further growth in the South Korean market. Canada was the 11th largest supplier of clam products to South Korea in 2018. The sector saw a 23.3% increase between 2014 and 2018, suggesting a growing market that Nova Scotian companies could capture a greater market share in. Similarly, Canada is the 12th largest supplier of shrimp products to South Korea. The market grew 9.6% between 2014 and 2018.32

5 Green Crabs While the European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas) is an invasive species most commonly used for bait in Nova Scotia it may have culinary applications in South Korea, both for native dishes and Japanese-style cuisine.33 During the 2018 Green Crab Summit in Portland, Maine, which focused on market development to mitigate the impact of the species, Jamie Bassett of Green Crab Nation presented green crab prepared as ganjang and sushi grade green crab uni.34 Gejang is a Korean delicacy made by marinating live (or frozen-live) crabs, either in (ganjang gejang) or spicy chili powder-based sauces (yangnyeom gejang). While it has been traditionally been made with Chinese mitten crabs, declining crab populations have led Koreans to start using saltwater crabs such as horse crab (Portunus trituberculatus) as well.35 Additionally, Koreans tend to consume a significant amount of Japanese-style fish and seafood.36 As demonstrated by Mr. Bassett, green crab also has the potential to be used in Japanese-style sushi. In Japan, green crabs are also harvested and included in soups.37 This may increase the adoption of green crab cuisine in South Korea and provides an opportunity for Nova Scotian exporters to tap into a new market with an underutilized species.

novascotiabusiness.com 6 Trade Regulations Tariffs Nova Scotian companies can use the Canadian Tariff Finder to check the export tariffs to South Korea for specific fish and seafood species. It is important to be as precise as possible when looking up the HS Code, as similar products may have different tariff rates depending on species variation or preparation method. The Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement (CKFTA) provides preferential tariff treatment to Canadian exports. The Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariff rates are generally applicable to imports from all countries without a trade agreement. It is important to note that tariffs are applied to products at the 10-digit HS Code level, which is specific to each country. The 10-digit HS Codes used by the Korean Customs Service may vary from those used in Canada. If you are unsure which HS Code/ tariff applies to your product, you can apply to the Korea Customs Service Customs Valuation and Classification Institute for an advanced ruling on tariff classification. The website dealing with advanced rulings is only available in Korean, so it is advised that companies seek assistance from a consultant, freight forwarder, or other organization with experience exporting to South Korea to obtain an advanced ruling. A selection of tariffs for common HS codes used to export Nova Scotian seafood to South Korea are provided on the following page.

7 Tariff Schedules for Commonly Reported Seafood HS Codes38 MFN CKFTA CKFTA CKFTA CKFTA CKFTA CKFTA HS Code - 2019 - 2020 - 2021 - 2022 - 2023 - 2024 0306.32.00.00 Lobsters (Homarus 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% spp.) 0306.12.10.10 Lobsters, Frozen, 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Smoked, In airtight containers 0306.12.90.00 Lobsters, Frozen, 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Other 0306.33.20.00 Snow crabs, live 20% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% fresh or chilled 0306.33.90.00 Crabs live fresh or 20% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% chilled, Other 0306.14.10.11 Crabs, Frozen, Smoked, 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% In airtight containers 0301.92.10.00 Glass eels (Not exceeding 0.3g per unit, for 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% aquaculture) greater greater greater greater greater 0301.92.90.10 Glass eels, other than of 18.6% of 15.9% of 13.2% of 10% of 5.4% 10% 0% for aquaculture or 1,297 or 1,109 or 921 or 695 or 376 won/kg won/kg won/kg won/kg won/kg 0302.35.10.00 Atlantic bluefin tunas 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% (Thunnus thynnus) 0308.19.20.00 Sea cucumbers, dried 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0306.16.10.90 Cold-water shrimps 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% and prawns, Frozen, Peedled, Other 0306.16.90.90 Cold-water shrimps and prawns, Frozen, Unpeedled, 20% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Other 0307.21.00.00 Scallops, Live, fresh or 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% chilled 0307.22.00.00 Scallops, Frozen 20% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 0307.71.10.10 Hard clams spat, Live, 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% fresh or chilled 0307.71.40.00 Baby clams, Live, 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% fresh or chilled 0307.72.90.00 Clams, cockles and 20% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% ark shells, Frozen, Other 0302.14.00.00 Atlantic salmon, 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Fresh or chilled 0303.13.00.00 Atlantic salmon, 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Fresh or chilled 0303.82.20.00 Skates, frozen 10% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 0303.59.90.00 Capelin, Frozen, 10% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Other

novascotiabusiness.com 8 Customs Procedures Please note that the general process outlined in this section may vary for individual products and situations. This section is meant to introduce the overall process and some of the elements an exporter may encounter. Regulations and requirements may change, and additional processes may be necessary. NSBI advises that companies interested in exporting to South Korea for the first time work with a partner, customs broker, and/or freight forwarder with previous experience exporting seafood to the market. Authorities The Korea Customs Service (Eng/Kor) – KCS is responsible for customs and border management. Shipments being imported into Korea must be cleared through the KCS before being released into the market. KCS offers one-stop paperless service through their UNI-PASS system, as well as ePayment options for duties and fees. KCS also certifies “Authorized Economic Operator” (AEO) companies, which has benefits for businesses involved in international trade with Korea. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (Eng/Kor) – MFDS is the organization responsible for establishing and maintaining South Korea’s food safety management system from import/manufacturing to consumption. Overseas food manufacturing facilities must be pre-registered with MFDS prior to exporting products to South Korea. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (Eng/Kor) – MAFRA establishes policies regarding agriculture, the food industry, animal health, and quarantine processes. The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (Eng/Kor) – APQA researches and advises on policies related to biological border safety, and are involved in import processes when quarantine or testing is required. APQA is part of MAFRA. The National Agricultural Product Quality Management Service (Eng/Kor) – NAQS is responsible for agri-food safety investigations, eco-friendly product and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification system enforcement, management and enforcement of country of origin marks, inspection of agricultural commodities, and registration of agri-businesses. NAQS is part of MAFRA.

Tip: While many official government websites are available in English, not all parts of the Korean websites are translated. The Korean websites tend to have more robust information than the English versions. It is highly recommended that companies without internal Korean language capabilities seek assistance from a consultant, freight forwarder, or other organizations with experience exporting to South Korea.

NSBI’s Small Business Development Program can help support Nova Scotia businesses in hiring a consultant of their choice to help perform market research, generate leads, create growth plans, and more. The Program can cover up to 50% of eligible projects costs to a maximum incentive of CAD$25,000. For more information on eligibility and how to apply, please visit the NSBI website.

9 Business and Facility Registration Any person that wishes to import food, sell imported foods, file import declarations for food by proxy, store imported food, or conduct business through the online purchasing of food by proxy, must register their business with the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS).39 In addition, businesses that wish to import overseas foods to Korea or those that establish and operate overseas manufacturing facilities, must separately register the name, address and production item of the overseas manufacturing facility with the regional office of the MFDS at least seven days prior to an import declaration. If a facility is not pre-registered the import declaration will be rejected.40 Information required as part of the facility registration includes: 41 • Name of manufacturing facility, address, representative, phone number and e-mail address; • Type of business, and whether food safety management system is applied; • Type of food (processed foods, food additives, health functional foods, etc.); • Consent for on-site inspection by visit if Minister of MFDS deems it necessary; • Confirmation that the registered information is true; and, • If an importer is applying, confirmation that the person who established and operates the overseas manufacturing facility agreed to the registration. Changes must be registered when the name or address (including cases where names of administrative zones are changed) of an overseas manufacturing facility is altered, or when the type of business (food or food additive, equipment and container, package manufacturing and processing, etc.) is changed. For these requests, only the applicant that filed the registration can make changes. If changes need to be made on matters registered by another importer, relevant details must be submitted and the person in charge of registration management (at MFDS) can make corrections based on his/her authority. Changes to registration must be done prior to import declaration and can be done through post-mail or online request. The period of validity for the registration is two years and it must be renewed at least seven days prior to expiration. Renewal of registration can also be applied through post-mail or online request.42 The application for Overseas Manufacturer Registration, as well as the applications for changes and renewal, are available through the MFDS Window for Civil Petitions website. The website is available in both Korean and English As part of the registration process, on-site inspection of overseas manufacturing facilities may be conducted to check the safety and sanitation management status of food manufacturers in exporting countries. Import can be suspended due to failure of an on-site inspection or certain inspection results.43

novascotiabusiness.com 10 UNI-PASS The Korean Customs e-Clearance System, UNI-PASS, is a single web-based window/ portal for customs administration. The portal runs at all hours, allowing traders to use it anytime and anywhere. UNI-PASS also uses harmonized data, reducing the amount of common repetitive fields that need to be filled. The portal enables information sharing between regulatory agencies, easing the process of contacting and getting approvals from various stakeholders. The system also allows traders to make ePayments for duties and other fees.44 UNI-PASS also facilitates the two-track control management system used by South Korea. All clearance goods are subject to risk management analysis that categorize them as low or high risk. Low risk goods are put on the “safe track” which allows them to be cleared faster. Companies are also evaluated similarly, using their history of duty payments, trade activities, logistics records, clearance records, inspection records, and more. Companies on the safe track are also able to clear customs processes faster. Companies considered higher risk are subject to stricter controls.45 Authorized Economic Operators The Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) program is the program through which the Korean Customs Service certifies companies that are lower risk traders. AEO status can be applied to exporters, importers, customs brokers, (bonded) warehouse operators, (bonded) transporters, freight forwarders, sea carriers, air carriers and ground handlers.46 AEO companies benefit from simplified inspections and procedures, eased financial burdens, and other conveniences.47 Companies that apply for AEO certification are evaluated on four areas: legal compliance, internal control system, financial solvency and security management. The company’s total scoring determines whether or not they qualify and, if they do, what certificate class they receive. There are three class levels, each conferring slightly different benefits.48 Prior to applying, companies should review the AEO authorization criteria to ascertain whether there is any grounds for disqualification, and conduct a self-assessment to see whether their results meet AEO criteria. If they do seem to meet criteria, they should then complete a statement on the current status of their export and import management by item in each criterion. In addition, the applicant should have an Internal AEO Manager who has completed an advance training course of 16 or more hours. After these steps are completed, they can then submit their AEO application through UNI-Pass, along with other required documents. They then enter a validation audit process, which is divided into document audits and on-site audits. The AEO Deliberation Committee then determines whether or not to grant AEO status. The companies accredited as AEOs are subject to post management through comprehensive audits with respect to whether they are properly maintaining and implementing the AEO authorization criteria.49

11 Import Clearance System Goods arriving in South Korea must be stored in a bonded area. The owner or a licenced customs broker must make an import declaration, sending it through the UNI-PASS system. The UNI-PASS system selects requirements for goods subject to inspection and the submission of other required documents/certifications, notifying the import declarant of these requirements. The import declaration is processed by the Korea Customs Service (KCS) and other relevant agencies. This includes inspection, if necessary, and an audit of the submitted documentation. Customs inspection requirements may vary depending on the risk evaluation of the product and company. The head of the relevant customs office may require the presence of the declarant during goods inspection and request the manager of the place of inspection or the owner of imported goods to make necessary preparations for inspection. The owner of the goods is expected to pay for the expenses related to the inspection. Once the import declaration is approved, the owner may choose to provide payment in advance or to provide security for duty payments in order to receive the foods delivered from the bonded area. If a security was provided, then the owner must pay customs duties within fifteen days of the import declaration being accepted. Once payment or security has been received, UNI-Pass automatically accepts the import declaration and notifies the import declarant and the storage place of the details of the acceptance. Goods are then delivered to the owner.50

Goods are shipped Clearance requirements Import Clearance (into a bonded are met and Proceedure storage area) documentation prepared Flowchart

Clearance system Customs performs Import declaration form notifies importer of inspections and processes made by importer sent additional requirements the import declaration electronically and inspections

Owner of goods The import declaration provides Customs with Goods are delivered is accepted by the duty payment or to the owner clearance system provides a security

novascotiabusiness.com 12 Basic documents required for import clearance include an invoice, a bill of lading, a packing list, and a certificate of origin.51 Other common documents that may be required include a value declaration form, documents issued by relevant institutions (for inspection, quarantine, permits, recommendations, etc.), an application form for exemption from customs duty, an application form for applying the agreed tariff, a confirmation of security for local tax payment, and a tariff recommendation certificate.52 Note that the KCS is known to be strict on mislabelled shipments: vague descriptions, inaccurate names or addresses, and undervalued shipments may result in delays or penalties. Additionally, be aware that both business and private document shipments are under strict KCS supervision to detect concealed illegal goods.53 The head of a customs office may reject a filed declaration in the following cases: • Where the declaration has been filed in a false way or any other illegal manner; • Where abandonment, discard, public sale, successful auction or definite seizure of the goods, or their reversion to the National Treasury has been determined; • Where the requirements for import declaration before departure or arrival have not been fulfilled; • Where the goods declared before departure or arrival have not arrived; and, • Where other formal requirements for import declaration have not been fulfilled. A declarant may cancel a declaration after obtaining approval in the following cases: • Where a decision has been made to return goods being different from the content of the import contract, deteriorated or damaged goods, etc. to the foreign supplier, etc.; • Where the imported goods have been destroyed or lost, or are intended to be discarded after obtaining approval from the relevant customs office due to a disaster or for any other unavoidable causes; • Where the imported goods are intended to be returned or discarded for such reasons as withholding of customs clearance, failure to satisfy the clearance requirements, prohibited goods for import, etc.; and, • Where it is recognized that there is any justifiable reason or reasons equivalent to any case mentioned above. The following are NOT considered justifiable reasons for cancelling a declaration: • The company’s financial situation due to an economic recession, etc.; • Omission of submission of an application for customs duty exemption, a tariff rate quota recommendation, or a specific use tariff rate recommendation; • Cancellation of a declaration in order to achieve the application of a lower tariff rate; and, • Failure to secure a market in Korea due to cancellation of a contract for sales.

13 Inspection Process Once a food import is declared through the UNI-PASS system, it must also meet food inspection requirements set out by MFDS. MFDS operates the OPERA (Observation & Prediction by Endless Risk Analysis) system that classifies imported food into different grades by analyzing the manufacturer and importer history along with inspection results. A machine automatically collects the various risk information input in the system by the National Food Information Service and the relevant imported food declaration history (including country, item, ingredients, manufacture process, importer, manufacturer, etc.), which is then analyzed by algorithms for a recommendation on which inspection types should be conducted.54 There are 4 types of import inspection that may be conducted on food products:55 1. Document Review • Applies to foods that are used to obtain foreign currency (excluding those used for tourism), used as ingredients for products made by the importing company, used for research or investigation, imported by the central or local government, re-imported after initial laboratory test (compliance result), for exhibitions, for patients with Inborn errors of metabolism, foods that go through refinement and processing, etc. • Involves an inspection to judge the compliance of products by reviewing the submitted documents. 2. Field Test • Applies to agricultural or forest products without defined standards or specifications, those same products from the same company re-imported after initial laboratory test (compliance result), and other foods that the Minister of Food and Drug Safety deems in need of a sensory test. • Involves an inspection to judge compliance of product by taking into consideration the product nature, conditions, taste, smell, colour, labelling, packaging conditions, and history of laboratory tests. 3. Laboratory Test • Applies to foods imported for the first time, foods with hazard issues raised in and out of country, and imported foods with a history of defects. • Involves an inspection done with physical, chemical, or microbiological methods. 4. Random Sampling Test • Applies to those foods subject to document review and sensory testing, from which specimens can be extracted according to the random sampling plan. • Involves an inspection done with physical, chemical, or microbiological methods. After inspections have been conducted, a certificate of import declaration will be issued, which can then be processed by the KCS.

novascotiabusiness.com 14 Quarantine Process Some fish and seafood products may also be subject to quarantine under the Aquatic Animal Diseases Control Act. This includes live fish, shellfish, and crustacean for human consumption.56 The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency presides over the quarantine process. There are three types of quarantine: 57 58 • Document Quarantine – Evaluation of the submitted documents as to whether they meet the requirements of the quarantine regulations. This involves a 2-day quarantine period. • Clinical Quarantine – Evaluation of the live aquatic animals’ clinical symptoms by visual examination (including dissection). This involves a 3-day quarantine period. • Precise Inspection – Evaluation of the live aquatic animals by pathological, molecular biological, serological, or biochemical methods. This involves a 15-day quarantine period. An application for the Imported Aquatic Animal Quarantine must be submitted, along with the related fees. Supplementary documents required for the application may include, but are not limited to, copies of the cargo manifest/shipping invoice, original quarantine certificates issued by the government of the exporting country, original import approval certificates, and original Aquatic Animal Dispatch Quarantine certificates.59 If a product passes quarantine inspection, a quarantine certificate is issued. If it does not, the quarantine applicant receives a notice of the results and the product is returned, incinerated, or buried.60 Certificate of Origin In order to obtain preferential tariff treatments under the CKFTA, producers/exporters must complete a Certificate of Origin which must be in the possession of the importer at the time an import declaration is made. The Canada Border Services Agency provides the form in both HTML and PDF formats, as well as instructions on how to complete the Certificate of Origin, online. Other Certifications and Standards While most fish and seafood products are eligible for export to South Korea, aquatic‘ animal genetically modified organisms’ (GMOs) and their products are not permitted at this time.61 Antibiotics are also prohibited in fish and seafood products being exported to Korea.62 Additionally, there are maximum chemical contamination levels for certain products, as seen on the following page.

15 Maximum levels of Chemical Contaminants in Seafood Exported to South Korea63 Maximum level Metal Applicable Fish Products permitted in ppm

Molluscs 2.0

Crustaceans, except swimming blue crab (Portunus Cadmium 1.0 tituberculata) with intestines Swimming blue crab (Portunus tituberculata) with 5.0 intestines

Copper All products 60.0

Zinc All products 40.0

Crustaceans, except swimming blue crab (Portunus 1.0 tituberculata) with intestines Swimming blue crab (Portunus tituberculata) with Lead 2.0 intestines

All other products 0.3

Mercury All products except for shark, tuna and grouper 0.5

All mollusc products require an “Aquatic Animal Health and Sanitary Certificate for Export Of Molluscs For Human Consumption and Non-Human Consumption From Canada To The Republic Of Korea (AQAH-1072)” certificate. Note that South Korea considers all bivalves, including clams, oysters, mussels and scallops, as susceptible to White Spot Disease.64 All live finfish (cultured or wild) require an “Animal Health and Sanitary Certificate for Export Of Live Finfish For Human Consumption From Canada To The Republic Of Korea (AQAH-1088)” certificate.65 All crustaceans (cultured or wild) require an “Aquatic Animal Health and Sanitary Certificate for Export Of Crustaceans For Human Consumption and Non-Human Consumption from Canada To The Republic Of Korea (AQAH-1089)” certificate. Note that South Korea has indicated that at this time, consignments of cooked or heated crustaceans and peeled and head removed chilled/frozen shrimp do not need to be accompanied by AQAH-1089. All other consignments of crustaceans or their products require an AQAH-1089.66 Other fresh/frozen seafood products do not require a sanitary certificate for export to South Korea at this time.67 These certificates can be obtained from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. To request a certificate or to obtain any other information on aquatic animal health export certification, please contact your CFIA Area Office.

novascotiabusiness.com 16 Importing Samples Food samples shipped to South Korea may be subject to the same requirements as regular commercial shipments. While this may be inconvenient for samples being shipped for trade shows or client meetings, it does allow Nova Scotian exporters to test whether their products will have any problems meeting customs requirements or other Korean standards.68 It may be prudent to bring empty packaging to display during an in-market event or meeting, in case a sample shipment is delayed or denied by customs.69 Simplified import declaration may be available for duty-free commercial sample goods with a total dutiable value below USD$250.70 Additionally, certain exhibition centers, such as the Korean Exhibition Center (COEX) where the Seoul International Seafood Show is held, are bonded areas. Exhibition goods can be held without charge at COEX during an exhibition period, after which they must either be reshipped without payment of duty or presented at Customs for payment of regular duty on the value declared at time of entry.71 It is recommended that companies check with trade show venues and the KCS to see if their goods can benefit from temporary bonded storage procedures during an event.

17 Labelling The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) regulates packaging and labelling standards for food in South Korea. The “2016 Standards and Specifications for Food Utensils, Containers and Packages” provides general, standard requirements for containers and packaging. The English translation of the Code is available online.72 Certain seafood products, such as whole frozen fish, that are not enclosed in a container or package, or which are covered with transparent plastic wrap (excluding vacuum packaging), are exempt from labelling requirements.73 Otherwise, all imported food products require legible Korean language labels. Stickers or tags may be used to meet language requirements, provided they are not easily removable, nor do they cover the original label.74 In terms of labelling, all food products are subject to the Food Sanitation Act, Enforcement Decree of Food Sanitation Act, and MFDS’s Food Labelling Standards. Other regulations may apply to certain products.75 Labelling standards are set by the MFDS Food Safety Labelling and Certification Division, however regional offices inspect and enforce labelling requirements of imported products.76 Key aspects of food labels in South Korea include:77 • Basic product information • Product name • Type of food product • Identity and principle place of business • Manufactured date, expiration date or quality retention date • Name and amount of food ingredients • Country of origin • Net contents (weight, volume, etc.) • Safety, nutrition and health information • Storage and handling instructions • Warnings for consumer safety • Nutrition information (calorie, carbohydrate, sugar, fat, sodium, etc.) • Information for special dietary foods • Information for sales, promotion, and advertisement • Low fat, low cholesterol • Rich in dietary fiber, etc. Certain marketing claims/marks (such as ‘Kosher’ or ‘Halal’) require that MFDS reviews and recognizes the certification body providing authorization for the claim/marks. Any marks or claims that are not recognized by MFDS must be removed or covered.78

novascotiabusiness.com 18 Country of Origin Marks Country of Origin labelling is required on many agricultural imports. The KCS enforces these requirements at customs clearance, while the National Agricultural Product Quality Management Service (NAQS) enforces it in the marketplace.79 Exact labelling standards and methods are outlined on the NAQS website. Allergen Labelling Allergen labelling is required on certain fish and seafood products, such as mackerel, crab, shrimp, squid, clams, oyster, abalone, and mussels. Exact information on allergen labelling methods are found in the MFDS’s Food Labelling Standards. Generally, if a product uses raw material that contains/is an allergen, uses an extract from a product that contains/is an allergen, or uses an additive that contains/is an allergen, then the allergen must be listed on the label regardless of content. Separate allergen labelling with a different background colour is required and must be placed near the other raw material labelling. If a manufacturer uses the same manufacturing process for both products that do and do not contain allergens, a warning label regarding the possibility of allergen mixture in the contents is required.80 Nutritional Labelling Nutritional labelling is only mandatory on certain types of products, as outlined by the Food Sanitation Act, Enforcement Rule of Food Sanitation Act, and Livestock Products Sanitary Control Act. While many seafood products do not require nutritional labelling, fish sausages and instant foods are examples of products that do. Exact nutrition labelling standards and formatting are covered under MFDS’s Livestock Products Labelling Standards and Food Labelling Standards.81

19 Events

Busan International Seafood & Fisheries EXPO (BISFE) Website: http://www.bisfe.com Date: November 6 – 8, 2019 Frequency: Annual, held in late October or early November Location: Busan Exhibition and Convention Center (BEXCO), Busan, South Korea82

BISFE is one of the largest leading seafood & fisheries exhibitions in South Korea and the 2019 show is expected to have 420 exhibitors and 1,100 booths from 27 countries. In 2018, they had over 16,000 visitors.83 The show has been approved by the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy for 11 consecutive years, starting from 2008.84 Buyers visiting the show come primarily from Asia (49.2%), Europe (19.8%), and Africa (14.9%). Nearly a third of attendees come with the intention of finding new business partners.85

Seoul International Seafood Show Website: http://www.seoulseafood.com/ Date: April 22 – 24, 2019 Frequency: Annual, held in late April Location: COEX Mall, Seoul, South Korea86

The Seoul International Seafood Show is the only fishery food exhibition held in Seoul. It is a Korean seafood business platform with 200 companies from 20 countries participating. In 2018, they had over 17,000 visitors, over 9,000 Korean buyers, and 470 international buyers in attendance. Attendees include distribution companies, department stores, food service companies, import/export companies, manufacturers, hotels/resorts, restaurants/franchises, and more.87 Co-located events include 1:1 International Buyer Meetings, 1:1 Korean Buyer Meetings, MSC/ASC Certificate Seminar, Seafood Market Trend Seminar, and an MD Seminar.88

Tip: It’s common for Korean people to prefer to do business with those they’ve met through a trusted third-party or at a networking event. Cold calling is an ineffective strategy for building business relationships.89 Contacting industry associations and trade development bodies, such as the Global Affairs Trade Commissioner Service, can be a good first step to building a network in Korea.

The Trade Commissioner Service in Korea has an office in Seoul and their contact information can be found on their website. Trade Commissioners can also provide in-market expertise and advice and are a valuable resource to any Canadian business considering the Korean market.

novascotiabusiness.com 20 YOU’RE READY. WE’RE HERE TO HELP.

NSBI is dedicated to helping Nova Scotia companies enter and grow in markets around the world. Our team of sector and market specialists bring the intelligence and insights companies need to make informed export decisions. novascotiabusiness.com Endnotes

1 The World Bank, n.d. Data. Korean, Rep. Accessed 10/03/2019

2 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2019. Outline of opportunities in South Korea. Accessed 10/04/2019

3 CIA, 2019. The World Factbook – Korea, South. Accessed 10/03/2019

4 Bank of Canada, n.d. Monthly Exchange Rates. Accessed 10/03/2019

5 CIA, 2019. The World Factbook – Korea, South. Accessed 10/03/2019

6 CIA, 2019. The World Factbook – Korea, South. Accessed 10/03/2019

7 CIA, 2019. The World Factbook – Korea, South. Accessed 10/03/2019

8 We Are Social and Hootsuite, 2019. Digital 2019: South Korea. Pg. 32

9 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2019. Outline of opportunities in South Korea. Accessed 10/04/2019

10 Government of Canada, 2019. New tariff preferences for Canadian exports to Korea available starting from Janu- ary 1, 2019 - Fish & Seafood.

11 B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, 2017. Market Guide for B.C. Agrifood And Seafood Exporters – South Korea. Pg. 4-5

12 European Commission, 2018. How much fish do we consume? First global seafood consumption footprint pub- lished

13 B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, 2017. Market Guide for B.C. Agrifood And Seafood Exporters – South Korea. Pg. 4-5

14 USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2018. Seafood Market Brief Update 2019. Korea- Republic of. Pg. 11

15 B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, 2017. Market Guide for B.C. Agrifood And Seafood Exporters – South Korea. Pg. 13

16 USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2018. Seafood Market Brief Update 2019. Korea- Republic of. Pg. 9

17 USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2018. Seafood Market Brief Update 2019. Korea- Republic of. Pg. 12

18 Global Trade Tracker. Reporting Province: Nova Scotia. Exporting to. Partner Countries: Korea (Rep. of). HS Codes: Group- NS Seafood Canadian Codes. Time Period: 2018. Value. Displayed Currency: CAD. Accessed 10/04/2019

19 USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2018. Seafood Market Brief Update 2019. Korea- Republic of. Pg. 9

20 Global Trade Tracker. Reporting Country: Canada AND Reporting Province: Nova Scotia. Exporting to. Partner Countries: Korea (Rep. of). HS Codes: Group- NS Seafood Canadian Codes. Time Period: 2014-2018. Value. Dis- played Currency: CAD. Accessed 10/04/2019

21 Global Trade Tracker. Reporting Country: Canada AND Reporting Province: Nova Scotia. Exporting to. Partner Countries: Korea (Rep. of). HS Codes: Group- NS Seafood Canadian Codes. Time Period: 2014-2018. Value. Dis- played Currency: CAD. Accessed 10/04/2019

22 Global Trade Tracker. Reporting Country: Canada AND Reporting Province: Nova Scotia. Exporting to. Partner Countries: Korea (Rep. of). HS Codes: Group- NS Seafood Canadian Codes. Time Period: 2014-2018. Value. Dis- played Currency: CAD. Accessed 10/04/2019

viii 23 BC Trade and Invest, n.d. Export Home, Key Markets: South Korea. Accessed 10/08/2019.

24 Correspondence with Mr. Glenn Boone, Director, Cargo & Real Estate Development at Halifax International Airport Authority. Received 10/07/2019.

25 Port of Halifax, n.d. Route Maps. By Country/Port: South Korea, Pusan/Busan. Accessed 10/08/2019.

26 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2019. Outline of opportunities in South Korea – Priority sectors. Accessed 10/07/2019

27 USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2018. Seafood Market Brief Update 2019. Korea- Republic of. Pg. 10

28 Global Trade Tracker. Reporting Country: Korea (Rep. of). Importing From.. Partner Countries: All Countries. HS Codes: 030612, 030632. Time Period: 2018. Quantity. Displayed Quantity: KG. Accessed 10/07/2019

29 Global Trade Tracker. Reporting Country: Korea (Rep. of). Importing From.. Partner Countries: All Countries. HS Codes: 030614, 030633. Time Period: 2018. Quantity. Displayed Quantity: KG. Accessed 10/07/2019

30 Global Trade Tracker. Reporting Country: Korea (Rep. of). Importing From.. Partner Countries: All Countries. HS Codes: 160510, 160530. Time Period: 2018. Value. Displayed Value: CAD Accessed 10/07/2019

31 Global Trade Tracker. Reporting Provinces: All. Exporting To. Partner Countries: Korea (Rep. of). HS Codes: 160510, 160530. Time Period: 2018. Value. Displayed Value: CAD Accessed 10/07/2019

32 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2019. Outline of opportunities in South Korea – Priority sectors. Accessed 10/07/2019

33 CBC, 2016. Invasive green crab targeted by new ecotourism campaign

34 Manomet and New Hampshire Sea Grant, 2019. Proceedings of the Green Crab Working Summit – June 6-7, 2018, Portland Maine. Pg. 6-7

35 Michelin Guide, 2019. Gejang: Crab, Rendered Sublime

36 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2016. Sector Trend Analysis - Fish and Seafood Trends In South Korea

37 Dirubda G Dakkneterm 2003. Values at Sea: Ethics for the Marine Environment. Pg. 96

38 Global Affairs, n.d. Canada Tariff Finder. Accessed 10/07/2019

39 MFDS, n.d. Imported Food Safety. Accessed 10/17/2019

40 MFDS, n.d. Imported Food Safety. Accessed 10/17/2019

41 MFDS, n.d. Imported Food Safety. Accessed 10/17/2019

42 MFDS, n.d. Imported Food Safety. Accessed 10/17/2019

43 MFDS, n.d. Imported Food Safety. Accessed 10/17/2019

44 KCS, 2014. UNI-PASS Brochure. Pg. 6, 8-9

45 KCS, 2014. UNI-PASS Brochure. Pg. 14-15

46 KCS, n.d. English > Guide to Customs Administration > AEO > About AEO. Accessed 10/18/2019

47 KCS, n.d. English > Guide to Customs Administration > AEO > Necessity of AEO Authorization and the Benefits of AEO Status. Accessed 10/18/2019

novascotiabusiness.com ix 48 KCS, n.d. English > Guide to Customs Administration > AEO > Authorization Criteria and Rating Classes. Accessed 10/18/2019

49 KCS, n.d. English > Guide to Customs Administration > AEO > AEO Authorization Application and Process. Ac- cessed 10/18/2019

50 KCS, n.d. English > Guide to Customs Administration > Import > Import Clearance System. Accessed 10/18/2019

51 KCS, n.d. English > Guide to Customs Administration > Import > Import Clearance System. Accessed 10/18/2019

52 KCS, n.d. English > Guide to Customs Administration > Import > Import Clearance System. Accessed 10/18/2019

53 DHL, 2014. DHL South Korea Fact Sheet. Pg. 2

54 MFDS, n.d. Imported Food Safety. Accessed 10/17/2019

55 MFDS, n.d. Imported Food Safety. Accessed 10/17/2019

56 APQA, n.d. General Quarantine. Accessed 10/17/2019

57 APQA, n.d. General Quarantine. Accessed 10/17/2019

58 APQA, n.d. Exported/Imported fishery product quarantine. Accessed 10/17/2019

59 APQA, n.d. Exported/Imported fishery product quarantine. Accessed 10/17/2019

60 APQA, n.d. Quarantine process. Accessed 10/17/2019

61 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019. Certification requirements for Korea (Republic of). Accessed 10/17/2019

62 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019. Korea (Republic of) - Export requirements for fish and seafood. Accessed 10/07/2019

63 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019. Korea (Republic of) - Export requirements for fish and seafood. Accessed 10/07/2019

64 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019. Korea (Republic of) - Export requirements for fish and seafood. Accessed 10/07/2019

65 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019. Korea (Republic of) - Export requirements for fish and seafood. Accessed 10/07/2019

66 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019. Korea (Republic of) - Export requirements for fish and seafood. Accessed 10/07/2019

67 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2019. Korea (Republic of) - Export requirements for fish and seafood. Accessed 10/07/2019

68 USDA, 2017. Korea- Republic of – Exporter Guide. Pg. 7

69 B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, 2017. Market Guide for B.C. Agrifood And Seafood Exporters – South Korea. Pg. 15

70 KCS, n.d. English > Guide to Customs Administration > Import > Import Clearance System. Accessed 10/18/2019

71 Export.gov, 2019. Korea – Temporary Entry.

72 USDA, 2019. FAIRS Annual Country Report: Korea – Republic of. Pg. 13

x 73 USDA, 2019. FAIRS Annual Country Report: Korea – Republic of. Pg. 17

74 USDA, 2019. FAIRS Annual Country Report: Korea – Republic of. Pg. 13

75 MFDS, n.d. Food Labeling System. Accessed 10/18/2019

76 USDA, 2019. FAIRS Annual Country Report: Korea – Republic of. Pg. 13

77 MFDS, n.d. Food Labeling System. Accessed 10/18/2019

78 USDA, 2019. FAIRS Annual Country Report: Korea – Republic of. Pg. 15

79 USDA, 2019. FAIRS Annual Country Report: Korea – Republic of. Pg. 23

80 MFDS, n.d. Food Labeling System. Accessed 10/18/2019

81 MFDS, n.d. Food Labeling System. Accessed 10/18/2019

82 BISFE, n.d. Exhibition Overview. Accessed 10/17/2019

83 BISFE, n.d. Why BISFE. Accessed 10/17/2019

84 BISFE, n.d. 2018 Exhibition Results. Accessed 10/17/2019

85 BISFE, 2019. 2019 Brochure (English). Pg. 5

86 Seoul Seafood, n.d. About – Seoul Int’L Seafood Show. Accessed 10/17/2019

87 Seoul Seafood, n.d. Home. Accessed 10/17/2019

88 Seoul Seafood, n.d. About – Seoul Int’L Seafood Show. Accessed 10/17/2019

89 B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, 2017. Market Guide for B.C. Agrifood And Seafood Exporters – South Korea. Pg. 18

novascotiabusiness.com xi TRADE MARKET INTELLIGENCE: SPECIAL REPORT