DOCSLIB.ORG

An Analysis of Traveloka's Advertising Using Propaganda Technique Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Analysis of Traveloka's Advertising Using Propaganda Technique Thesis AN ANALYSIS OF TRAVELOKA’S ADVERTISING USING PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE THESIS Submitted by: ITA FARIDA NIM. 150203007 Student of Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Department of English Language Education FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI AR-RANIRY BANDA ACEH 2020 M/ 1441 H ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulilah, I would like to express the highest gratitude to Allah SWT for blessing, opportunity, health, strength, passion, and mercy to complete this undergraduate thesis. Peace and salutation be upon the prophet Muhammad SAW, the role model and the one who have guided his ummah to the right path. In completing this thesis, many people have extraordinary contributed in inspiring, motivating, advising, and supporting me. My deepest gratitude and appreciation is addressed to my supervisors, Dr.phil.Saiful Akmal, M.A and Fera Busfina Zalha, MA for their supervisions, advices, kindness, insightful comments and guidance in my thesis entitled “An Analysis of Traveloka’s Advertising Using Propaganda Technique”. I would like to express a very huge gratitude to be supervised by them. My great appreciation is also addressed to the Head of English Language Education Department of Faculty of Education and Teacher Training. Dr. T, Zulfikar., M. Ed and all staff of English Language Education Department of Faculty of Education, and all English Language Education lecturers who guided me and helped me during my study in English Language Education Department of UIN Ar-Raniry. Moreover, my deepest appreciation to my beloved family, my beloved father; Akmal, mother; Salbiah and siblings; Safputri, S.T, Irfan Maulana, Ilham Maulidin, Dinda Aulianda, and Rifqan Kurniawan for the endless love, pray, and everlasting support. Furthermore, I addressed my special thanks to my high school friends; Aditya Safitri, Nadya Latifah, and Nadella Nur Ramadhani who always support and be a good listener to me during the completion of the thesis and my colleges friends for our friendship that support each other since we were in the first semester. Finally, I would like to thank everybody who was important to the successful realization of this undergraduate thesis. I realize that this thesis needs the comments and suggestions because of its weakness. I expect that this thesis will be useful and give valuable contribution for both students and lecturers of English Language Education Department of UIN Ar-Raniry. Banda Aceh, 30 Desember 2019 Ita Farida ABSTRACT Name : Ita Farida NIM : 150203007 Faculty : Faculty of Education and Teacher Training Major : Department of English Language Education Thesis Working : An Analysis of Traveloka’s Advertising Using Propaganda Title Technique Main Supervisor : Dr.phil. Saiful Akmal, M. A Co-supervisor : Fera Busfina Zalha, M. A Keywords : Propaganda; Discourse Analysis; Advertisements This study was conducted to analyze the propaganda techniques used by Traveloka in propagating its advertisement. The advertisements which were analyzed in this study were videos taken from 2015 to 2019 to. The analysis was based on point 7 of 10-points’ Jowett and O’Donnell (2012). This study employed descriptive qualitative method to present and elaborate the data. The finding shows that Traveloka used six technique of propaganda in its advertising videos to advertise its services, which were glittering generality, plain folks, card staking, visual symbol of power, music of propaganda and arousal of emotion to promote its products. The use of propaganda technique was one of the reason for the success of Traveloka in attracting the audiences to use its services. TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................ v ABSTRACT… ........................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS.….………........................................................ viii LIST OF TABLE…………..………………............................................. x LIST OF FIGURES……………..……………… .................................... xi LIST OF APPENDICES………….……………….................................. xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1 A. Background of the study................................................. 1 B. Previous Study ................................................................ 4 C.Research Question ........................................................... 5 D.Research Aim .................................................................. 6 E. Scope of Study ................................................................ 6 F. Significance of the Study ................................................ 6 G. Terminologies ................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................... 9 A. Propaganda ..................................................................... 9 B. Jowett and O’Donnell’s 10-points Framework............... 12 C. Semiotic .......................................................................... 28 D. Advertisement................................................................. 32 E. Traveloka ........................................................................ 35 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................. 37 A. Research Method ............................................................ 37 B. Material of Analysis........................................................ 37 C. Data Analysis Procedure................................................. 38 CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION...................................... 40 A. Research Findings........................................................... 40 B. Discussion ....................................................................... 42 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS.......................... 61 A. Conclusion ...................................................................... 61 B. Suggestions ..................................................................... 62 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 63 APPENDICES AUTOBIOGRAPY LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1 Propaganda Techniques found in Traveloka videos……… ............... 36 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Triadic Semiosis Concept of Peirce… .......................... 32 Figure 4.1 Plain folks 2015............................................................. 45 Figure 4.2 Plain folks 2016……..................................................... 46 Figure 4.3 Plain folks 2018……………......................................... 47 Figure 4.4 Plain folks 2019…………............................................. 47 Figure 4.5 Card stacking 2015…………........................................ 48 Figure 4.6 Card stacking 2016……………………........................ 49 Figure 4.7 Card stacking2017………………………..................... 49 Figure 4.8 Card stacking 2018……………………………............ 50 Figure 4.9 Card stacking 2019……………………........................ 50 Figure 4.10 Visual symbol of power 2015…………………… ....... 51 Figure 4.11 Visual symbol of power 2016……………… ............... 52 Figure 4.12 Visual symbol of power 2017………………… ........... 52 Figure 4.13 Visual symbol of power 2018………………… ........... 53 Figure 4.14 Visual symbol of power 2019……………… ............... 54 Figure 4.15 Traveloka’s video 2015………..................................... 57 Figure 4.16 Traveloka’s video 2016…………………………......... 58 Figure 4.17 Traveloka’s video 2017………………......................... 58 Figure 4.18 Traveloka’s video 2018………………………............. 59 Figure 4.19 Traveloka’s video 2019…………................................. 60 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Appointment Letter of Supervisor Appendix B Transcripts and Screenshot of Traveloka’s videos CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the background of the study, previous studies, research questions, research aim, the scope of the study, significance of study and terminology A. Background of the Study In this modern society, technology and multimedia seem to be the best tools to influence people with certain products or services. Advertising is one of the techniques to attract people's attention used by a company or organization for their product or service. Cook (2001) notes that advertisement can be found anywhere both in public places and even though privacy. Advertisements appear on the streets, shops, television, the internet, and even smart-phone and have accompanied our daily activities. According to Cook (2001), advertisements use fiction, wordplay, compressed story-telling, stylized acting, photography, cartoons, puns and rhythms in ways which are often memorable, enjoyable and amusing. New advertisements evoke comment. The words and details of advertisements often come to people’s minds more readily than those of novels and poems and plays, and they are often recalled with more laughter and enthusiasm. Yet, it is often a love-hate relationship; one which frequently causes unease, and the other one where the love is denied. It seems that many advertisement, people suffer a split, 1 2 contradictory reaction: involuntary spontaneous enjoyment, conscious reflective rejection. Traveloka is one of the popular ticket booking company in Indonesia. The advertising of Traveloka is well known in Indonesia. It was the 1st Winner of “One to Watch” at BrandZTM Top 50 Most Valuable Indonesia Brands in 2016. It uses advertising media type whose channels consist of visual and non-visual media including television,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shaping News -- 1 --Media Power
    Shaping News – 1 Theories of Media Power and Environment Course Description: The focus in these six lectures is on how some facts are selected, shaped, and by whom, for daily internet, television, and print media global, national, regional, and local dissemination to world audiences. Agenda-setting, priming, framing, propaganda and persuasion are major tools to supplement basic news factors in various media environments. Course Goals and Student Learning Objectives: The overall goal is to increase student awareness that media filter reality rather than reflect it, and those selected bits of reality are shaped to be understood. Student learning objectives are: 1. Demonstrate how media environments and media structures determine what information is selected for dissemination; 2. Demonstrate how and why different media disseminate different information on the same situation or event; 3. Demonstrate how information is framed, and by whom, to access the media agenda. Required Texts/Readings: Read random essays and research online that focus on media news factors, agenda-setting and framing Assignments and Grading Policy: Two quizzes on course content plus a 20-page paper on a related, student- selected and faculty-approved research paper. Shaping News – 1 Media Environments and Media Power This is the first of six lectures on the shaping on news. It will focus on the theories of media environments based on the assumption that media are chameleon and reflect the governmental/societal system in which they exist. The remaining five lectures are on: (2) elements of news; (3) agenda-setting and framing; (4) propaganda; (5) attitude formation; and (6) cognitive dissonance. Two philosophical assumptions underlying the scholarly examination of mass media are that (1) the media are chameleons, reflecting their environment, and (2) their power is filtered and uneven.
    [Show full text]
  • False Dilemma Wikipedia Contents
    False dilemma Wikipedia Contents 1 False dilemma 1 1.1 Examples ............................................... 1 1.1.1 Morton's fork ......................................... 1 1.1.2 False choice .......................................... 2 1.1.3 Black-and-white thinking ................................... 2 1.2 See also ................................................ 2 1.3 References ............................................... 3 1.4 External links ............................................. 3 2 Affirmative action 4 2.1 Origins ................................................. 4 2.2 Women ................................................ 4 2.3 Quotas ................................................. 5 2.4 National approaches .......................................... 5 2.4.1 Africa ............................................ 5 2.4.2 Asia .............................................. 7 2.4.3 Europe ............................................ 8 2.4.4 North America ........................................ 10 2.4.5 Oceania ............................................ 11 2.4.6 South America ........................................ 11 2.5 International organizations ...................................... 11 2.5.1 United Nations ........................................ 12 2.6 Support ................................................ 12 2.6.1 Polls .............................................. 12 2.7 Criticism ............................................... 12 2.7.1 Mismatching ......................................... 13 2.8 See also
    [Show full text]
  • The Fallacies of Argument
    The Fallacies of Argument No matter what type of reasoning model is used, writers will sometimes make errors in logic. Such errors are called "logical fallacies," a term derived from the Latin fallere meaning "to deceive." Used unintentionally, these fallacies deceive writers into feeling that their arguments are more persuasive than they are. Even though an argument might be emotionally persuasive and even sound valid, a fallacy creates a flaw in the logic of an argument, thereby weakening its structure and inviting counterattacks. Not all fallacies are unintentional. Sometimes a fallacy is deliberately employed - for example, when the writer's goal has more to do with persuading than arriving at the truth. Every day we are confronted with fallacies in media commercials and advertisements. Likewise, every election year the airwaves are full of candidates' bloated claims and pronouncements rife with logical fallacies of all kinds. Whether to strengthen your own writing or to resist fallacies in the arguments of others, it makes sense to be aware of such conscious or unconscious deceptions in reasoning. Following are some of the most common fallacies of argument: A. Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premise: Since a negative premise excludes a relationship between two of the terms (A is not B), the only kind of conclusion that can be arrived at logically is a proposition that excludes any relationship between one of these terms and a third term (B is not C). B. Affirming the Consequent: Starts with a hypothetical proposition: "If he makes concessions to the Iraqi ambassador, the prestige of the United States will decline." The consequent is affirmed: "The prestige of the United States has declined." The fallacy is then the conclusion drawn from this affirmation of the consequent: "He must have made concessions to the Iraqi ambassador." That conclusion does not necessarily follow from the evidence.
    [Show full text]
  • 35. Logic: Common Fallacies Steve Miller Kennesaw State University, [email protected]
    Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Sexy Technical Communications Open Educational Resources 3-1-2016 35. Logic: Common Fallacies Steve Miller Kennesaw State University, [email protected] Cherie Miller Kennesaw State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/oertechcomm Part of the Technical and Professional Writing Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Steve and Miller, Cherie, "35. Logic: Common Fallacies" (2016). Sexy Technical Communications. 35. http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/oertechcomm/35 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources at DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sexy Technical Communications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Logic: Common Fallacies Steve and Cherie Miller Sexy Technical Communication Home Logic and Logical Fallacies Taken with kind permission from the book Why Brilliant People Believe Nonsense by J. Steve Miller and Cherie K. Miller Brilliant People Believe Nonsense [because]... They Fall for Common Fallacies The dull mind, once arriving at an inference that flatters the desire, is rarely able to retain the impression that the notion from which the inference started was purely problematic. ― George Eliot, in Silas Marner In the last chapter we discussed passages where bright individuals with PhDs violated common fallacies. Even the brightest among us fall for them. As a result, we should be ever vigilant to keep our critical guard up, looking for fallacious reasoning in lectures, reading, viewing, and especially in our own writing. None of us are immune to falling for fallacies.
    [Show full text]
  • Propaganda As Communication Strategy: Historic and Contemporary Perspective
    Academy of Marketing Studies Journal Volume 24, Issue 4, 2020 PROPAGANDA AS COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: HISTORIC AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Mohit Malhan, FPM Scholar, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Dr. Prem Prakash Dewani, Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow ABSTRACT In a world entrapped in their own homes during the Covid-19 crisis, digital communication has taken a centre stage in most people’s lives. Where before the pandemic we were facing a barrage of fake news, the digitally entrenched pandemic world has deeply exacerbated the problem. The purpose of choosing this topic is that the topic is new and challenging. In today’s context, individuals are bound to face the propaganda, designed by firms as a communication strategy. The study is exploratory is nature. The study is done using secondary data from published sources. In our study, we try and study a particular type of communication strategy, propaganda, which employs questionable techniques, through a comprehensive literature review. We try and understand the history and use of propaganda and how its research developed from its nascent stages and collaborated with various communications theories. We then take a look at the its contemporary usages and tools employed. It is pertinent to study the impact of propaganda on individual and the society. We explain that how individual/firms/society can use propaganda to build a communication strategy. Further, we theories and elaborate on the need for further research on this widely prevalent form of communication. Keywords: Propaganda, Internet, Communication, Persuasion, Politics, Social Network. INTRODUCTION Propaganda has been in operation in the world for a long time now.
    [Show full text]
  • Propaganda.Pdf 2 Sep 2005 Page 1 of 12
    www.rbs0.com/propaganda.pdf 2 Sep 2005 Page 1 of 12 Propaganda and How to Recognize It Copyright 2005 by Ronald B. Standler Keywords band wagon, bandwagon, card stacking, conventional, enemy, extremist, glittering generality, group, groups, label, name calling, pejorative labels, plain folks, political, propaganda, rhetoric, technique, techniques, testimonial, transfer, us vs. them Table of Contents Introduction . 2 1. Name-Calling . 3 2. Glittering Generality . 4 3. Transfer . 4 4. Testimonial . 5 5. Plain Folks . 6 6. Card Stacking . 6 7. Bandwagon . 6 Insisting on a Binary Choice . 7 Pejorative Labels . 7 “extremist” . 8 anti-intellectualism . 9 Bibliography . 10 Conclusions . 11 www.rbs0.com/propaganda.pdf 2 Sep 2005 Page 2 of 12 Introduction Rhetoric is the art of persuading someone. Unless you live as a hermit, totally isolated from people, rhetoric is a vital skill. Propaganda is a subset of rhetoric, in which the speaker/writer attempts to manipulate the audience with emotion or fallacious reasoning. A common theme in propaganda is the us vs. them posturing, in which the speaker/writer encourages you to join with reasonable people and oppose the enemy. The us vs. them posturing is particularly damaging to society, in that it is inherently divisive and erects barriers to working together to solve problems that affect everyone. In July 2005, I wrote a short essay with advice for students,1 in which I condemned the human tendency to “think”2 in terms of membership in groups, like a pack of wolves. About a week after writing that short essay, it suddenly occurred to me that most of the common propaganda techniques depended on group membership for their effect, and this essay quickly followed.
    [Show full text]
  • Media and Religion: Study of Anti-Shi'a Propaganda in Yogyakarta
    Jurnal Komunikator Vol. 13 No. 1 May 2021 P-ISSN : 1979-6765, E-ISSN: 2549-9246 Media and Religion: Study of Anti-Shi’a Propaganda in Yogyakarta Anang Masduki1,2) Panqiang Niu 3,a) Agus Triyono4) 1Communication Department, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai University, China 3School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai University, China a)author correspondence : [email protected] 4Communication Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jkm.131048 Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Some time ago, a rift arose between Sunnis and Shiites in Sampang, Madura. Received 24 Feb 2021 Then, banners spread across Yogyakarta stating that the Shia were heretical. On Revised 19 Apr 2021 the internet, many websites sprang up claiming that anyone that justifies Shia is Accepted 25 May heretical. These were a form of propaganda, campaigning, or “proselytizing” 2021 that another group is deviant and infidel. This research tried to analyze the propaganda process in the media by radical groups against Shiite groups in Yogyakarta and to find out the techniques and tools used in it so that all parties could anticipate and map the potential conflicts. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta with a qualitative research type. Data collection was carried out by document review. The results showed that, first, propaganda provided a stimulus to the public to seek knowledge and information about the Shi’a group –and mainly conveyed a negative view of the Shi’a group. Second, this research found that the mechanism carried out was by providing information to the public by placing the media in strategic places.
    [Show full text]
  • The Production and Circulation of Propaganda
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RMIT Research Repository The Only Language They Understand: The Production and Circulation of Propaganda A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Christian Tatman BA (Journalism) Hons RMIT University School of Media and Communication College of Design and Social Context RMIT University February 2013 Declaration I Christian Tatman certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed. Christian Tatman February 2013 i Acknowledgements I would particularly like to thank my supervisors, Dr Peter Williams and Associate Professor Cathy Greenfield, who along with Dr Linda Daley, have provided invaluable feedback, support and advice during this research project. Dr Judy Maxwell and members of RMIT’s Research Writing Group helped sharpen my writing skills enormously. Dr Maxwell’s advice and the supportive nature of the group gave me the confidence to push on with the project. Professor Matthew Ricketson (University of Canberra), Dr Michael Kennedy (Mornington Peninsula Shire) and Dr Harriet Speed (Victoria University) deserve thanks for their encouragement. My wife, Karen, and children Bethany-Kate and Hugh, have been remarkably patient, understanding and supportive during the time it has taken me to complete the project and deserve my heartfelt thanks.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM GUIDE It Can't Happen Here
    Searching for Democracy CURRICULUM GUIDE it can’t happen here Overview of Cal Humanities/Searching for Democracy and California Reads Leading into the national 2012 elections, Searching for Democracy is the culmination of a two‐year long initiative that provides Californians with various ways to explore how the humanities can provide insight and opportunities to converse about the nature, state and needs of our vibrant American democracy. Cal Humanities and its partners will explore these complexities—through a series of local, regional, and statewide humanities‐inspired activities—to accomplish a greater understanding of what is needed to sustain a healthy democracy in an increasingly interdependent world. Students, families and people from all walks of life will explore—online and in person—what discoveries and lessons lie in works of fiction and nonfiction, provocative cultural exhibits and public conversations. The Cal Humanities website (www.calhum.org) will be an online hub for all activities, where participants of events, readers of the initiative’s books or people new to our effort can learn more and share what they have discovered. Our Searching For Democracy program partners include: California libraries, California Center for the Book, California History‐Social Science Project, Exhibit Envoy, and Zócalo Public Square, in collaboration with California State Library, California Community Colleges, California State University, and University of California Television. California Reads is a new program of Cal Humanities developed in partnership with the California Center for the Book and the California State Library. It invites Californians from all walks of life throughout our state to participate in reading and discussion programs and related activities hosted by libraries, schools, colleges, bookstores and other community institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • A) Bandwagon Effect the Bandwagon Effect Is a Phenomenon Whereby the Rate of Uptake of Beliefs, Ideas, Fads and Trends Increa
    A) Bandwagon effect The bandwagon effect is a phenomenon whereby the rate of uptake of beliefs, ideas, fads and trends increases the more that they have already been adopted by others. In other words, the bandwagon effect is characterized by the probability of individual adoption increasing with respect to the proportion who have already done so.[1] As more people come to believe in something, others also "hop on the bandwagon" regardless of the underlying evidence. (Wikipedia) B) Glittering generalities A glittering generality (also called glowing generality) is an emotionally appealing phrase so closely associated with highly valued concepts and beliefs that it carries conviction without supporting information or reason. Such highly valued concepts attract general approval and acclaim. Their appeal is to emotions such as love of country and home, and desire for peace, freedom, glory, and honor. They ask for approval without examination of the reason. They are typically used by politicians and propagandists. (Wikipedia) C) Plain folks A plain folks argument is one in which the speaker presents him or herself as an average Joe — a common person who can understand and empathize with a listener's concerns. The most important part of this appeal is the speaker's portrayal of themselves as someone who has had a similar experience to the listener and knows why they may be skeptical or cautious about accepting the speaker's point of view. In this way, the speaker gives the audience a sense of trust and comfort, believing that the speaker and the audience share common goals and that they thus should agree with the speaker.
    [Show full text]
  • Change My Mind Teacher Guide
    Teacher Guide http://www.pbs4549.org/changemymind Table of Contents Credits...................................................................................4 Using Persuasive Techniques ........... 39 Change.My.Mind:.Overview..............................................5 The.Hidden.Power.of.Connotations..................................41 Connotations............................................................... 45 Three.Considerations.When.Trying.to.Persuade...............6 Persuasive.Writing.Strategies.and.Techniques...................7 Slogans.and.Symbols.in.Commercials............................ 46 Slogans.and.Symbols:.Transfer................................. 48 Persuasion.Terminology.....................................................11 The.Power.of.Transfer................................................. 49 Celebrity.Power................................................................. 50 Learning Persuasive Techniques .......15 P..Diddy....................................................................... 52 Introduction.to.Rhetorical.Strategies.and.. Product.Comparison................................................... 53 Persuasive.Techniques........................................................17 Appeal.to.Authority.....................................................19 Rhetorical.Strategies.—.Appeals.to.Authority,.Emotions,. Appeal.to.Emotion...................................................... 20 Ethics.and.Logic................................................................. 54 Controversial.Topics..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Jacques Ellul's “Anti-Democratic Economy:”
    tripleC 12(1): 169-201, 2014 http://www.triple-c.at Jacques Ellul’s “Anti-Democratic Economy:” Persuading Citizens and Consumers in the Information Society Artur Matos Alves Universidade Atlântica & CECL, Lisbon, Portugal, [email protected] Abstract: Jacques Ellul's thoughts on the increasingly conspicuous role of persuasion techniques bring to the fore the persuasive and normative effects of new communication techniques at the core of contemporary consumer/citizen culture, as well as the limits of that instrumental stance towards mediated human communication. By drawing insights from authors who shared some of Ellul's concerns, such as Frankfurt School theorists, Vance Packard and Ivan Illich, this paper explores this “normative invasion” of human life by technique as a feature of contemporary information technology politics, specifically in (1) the historical context of normative and material technological colonization, and (2) the intertwining of propaganda and information warfare in the current reshaping of information politics. Keywords: Jacques Ellul, Ivan Illich, Vance Packard, propaganda, consumer, citizen, ICT, cyber-politics, colonization Acknowledgement: The author received no financial support for the publication of this article. The author wishes to thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their comments and suggestions. “Technique is the boundary of democracy. What technique wins, democracy loses.” - Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society 1. Introduction Jacques Ellul is one of the major names in the philosophy of technology. A member of the first generation of theoreticians to bring technology to the fore of philosophical and sociological debate, he was concerned with the changing conditions of Western society in the wake of industrialization, massification and rationalization.
    [Show full text]