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Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort des Herausgebers .......................................................................................... 9 Vorwort ......................................................................................................................11 1 Einleitung ...................................................................................................... 13 2 Begriffsklärung .............................................................................................. 15 2.1 DDR-Historiographie ...................................................................................... 15 2.2 Lutherbild ....................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Kriterien bei der Quellenauswahl .................................................................... 17 3 Forschungs- und Diskussionsstand ............................................................... 19 3.1 Selbsteinschätzung − Die Standortbestimmung der DDR-Historiographie im allgemeinen Geschichtsverlauf ........................................................................ 19 3.2 Die historische Bewertung der DDR ................................................................ 22 3.2.1 Die westdeutsche Perspektive .......................................................................... 22 3.2.2 Die ostdeutsche Perspektive ............................................................................ 28 3.3 Geschichtswissenschaft im DDR-Sozialismus ................................................. 33 3.3.1 Die Beurteilung der DDR-Geschichtswissenschaft nach dem Verhalten der einzelnen Historiker ........................................................................................ 33 3.3.3 Strukturanalysen ............................................................................................. 38 3.4 Deutungen zum Wandel des allgemeinen Geschichtsverständnisses in der 43 DDR 3.4.1 Das DDR-Geschichtsbild bis Mitte der 60er Jahre ........................................... 43 3.4.2 Veränderungen im DDR-Geschichtsbild ab Mitte der 60er Jahre ..................... 44 4 Der ideologisch-organisatorische Rahmen der DDR-Geschichtswissen- schaft .............................................................................................................. 47 4.1 Die Organisation historischer Forschung in der DDR ...................................... 47 4.1.1 Die staatliche Wissenschaftsorganisation ......................................................... 47 4.1.2 Wissenschaftsrelevante Parteigremien ............................................................. 51 4.2 Der ostdeutsche Marxismus-Leninismus als weltanschaulicher und methodo- logischer Rahmen der DDR-Historiographie ................................................... 54 4.3 Das Individuum im Marxismus-Leninimus ...................................................... 57 5 Problemstellung ............................................................................................. 63 5.1 Forschungsstand .............................................................................................. 63 5.2 Schlußfolgerungen für die Untersuchung ......................................................... 67 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.2.1 Zur Untersuchung der Lutherdarstellungen ..................................................... 69 5.2.2 Zu den Motiven und Interessen der Historikerschaft und der SED .................. 70 6Frühe Lutherbilder in der DDR und ihre Vorläufer ................................... 73 6.1 Luther und die Reformation bei Friedrich Engels ........................................... 73 6.2 Alexander Abusch: „Der Irrweg einer Nation” ................................................ 82 6.3 Alfred Meusel: „Thomas Müntzer und seine Zeit” .......................................... 85 6.4 Die Positionen der SED .................................................................................. 90 6.5 Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................... 93 7 Auseinandersetzungen um die Bedeutung der Gesellschafts- und Kirchen- lehren Luthers ............................................................................................... 95 7.1 Leo Stern: „Martin Luther und Philipp Melanchthon” .................................... 95 7.2 Luther bei Müller-Streisand ............................................................................ 101 7.3 Melanchthonjubiläum und „Nationales Dokument” ........................................ 108 7.4 Günter Fabiunke: „Martin Luther als Nationalökonom” .................................. 114 7.5 Rudolf Herrnstadt: „Die Entdeckung der Klassen” .......................................... 119 7.6 Internationale Reaktionen auf die Lutherdarstellungen in der DDR ................ 122 7.7 Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................... 124 8 Das Konzept der „frühbürgerlichen Revolution” ........................................ 127 8.1 Das Lehrbuch für deutsche Geschichte und die Arbeitsgruppe Steinmetz ....... 127 8.2 Max Steinmetz: „Deutschland von 1476 bis 1648” ......................................... 131 8.2.1 Darstellung ..................................................................................................... 131 8.2.2 Vergleich der ersten und der zweiten Auflage ................................................. 135 8.3 Die Zusammenarbeit der Arbeitsgruppe Steinmetz mit dem Herausgeberkol- lektiv des Lehrbuchs für deutsche Geschichte ................................................. 139 8.4 Internationale Reaktionen ............................................................................... 142 8.5. Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................... 147 9 Das Reformationsjubiläum 1967 .................................................................. 149 9.1 Planungen und Ausgangspositionen der Historiker ......................................... 149 9.2 Überlegungen und Ziele der SED ................................................................... 152 9.3 Gerhard Zschäbitz: „Martin Luther. Größe und Grenze” ................................. 155 9.4 Die Durchführung des Reformationsjubiläums ............................................... 162 9.5 Die Bewertung der DDR-Reformationsfeiern im Westen ................................ 168 9.6 Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................... 175 10 Die Luther-Ehrung 1983 ............................................................................... 177 10.1 Ursachenforschung − die Frage von Motivation und Initiative ........................ 177 10.2 Die politisch-ideologische Konzeption ............................................................ 182 10.3 Die Erarbeitung der „Thesen über Martin Luther” .......................................... 190 10.3.1 Erklärungen und Reaktionen zu den „Thesen“ ................................................ 197 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7 10.4 Gerhard Brendler: „Martin Luther. Theologie und Revolution” ....................... 202 10.4.1 Darstellung ...................................................................................................... 202 Exkurs − Der Antinomerstreit bei Gerhard Brendler ........................................ 212 10.4.2 Die verwendete Literatur und das Problem des reformatorischen Durchbruchs 214 10.5 Die Kritik linker Theologen am offiziellen DDR-Lutherbild 1983 ................... 220 10.5.1 Die „Thesen über Martin Luther” .................................................................... 220 10.5.2 Die Kritik an Brendlers Lutherbiographie und die Lutherdarstellung Wendel- borns ............................................................................................................... 222 10.5.3 Die Lutherserie im DDR-Fernsehen ................................................................ 226 10.6 Die Durchführung der Luther-Ehrung 1983 ..................................................... 228 10.7 Die wissenschaftliche Diskussion über die Luther-Ehrung in der DDR ............ 233 10.7.1 Einschätzungen im Westen .............................................................................. 233 10.7.2 Unabhängige Bewertungen in der DDR ........................................................... 238 10.8 Das Lutherbild der DDR-Historiographie nach 1983 ....................................... 243 10.9 Darstellungen zum Wandel des Lutherbildes in der DDR nach 1989 ............... 245 10.10 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................... 249 11 Rückblicke − Interviews mit Beteiligten ....................................................... 253 Siegfried Hoyer ............................................................................................... 253 Siegfried Bräuer .............................................................................................. 256 Horst Dohle .................................................................................................... 260 Gerhard Brendler ............................................................................................ 262 Siegfried Rakotz .............................................................................................. 268 Adolf Laube ..................................................................................................... 272 Helmar Junghans ...........................................................................................
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