DOCSLIB.ORG

'Ambulant Amateurs': the Rise and Fade of the Anglo-German Fellowship

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
'Ambulant Amateurs': the Rise and Fade of the Anglo-German Fellowship ‘Ambulant amateurs’: the rise and fade of the Anglo-German Fellowship Charles Spicer Institute of Historical Research School of Advanced Study University of London Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 1 I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own. ………………………………………….. Date …………….. 2 Abstract This thesis chronicles the fortunes of the Anglo-German Fellowship, the British society founded in 1935 that advocated friendship with Hitler’s Germany up to its suspension in October 1939 following the outbreak of war. Drawing on newly discovered and previously overlooked primary sources, thematic and chronological methods are combined to explore how the Fellowship’s leaders played a bigger role in the diplomatic crises of the late 1930s than previously acknowledged. Supported by its sister organisation in Germany, the Fellowship attracted support from British royal, political, diplomatic, aristocratic, business, financial, military, sporting and intelligence elites with its membership reaching nine hundred by 1938. Funded by business and financial interests and patronised by Anglo-German royalty, it was influenced by the German high command, welcomed by elements of the British establishment and infiltrated by British, German, Russian and Jewish intelligence agents. To the extent it has been covered in the secondary literature, those assessing the Fellowship have classed it alongside the nasty, the eccentric and the irrelevant within ‘the Fellow Travellers of the Right’ tradition. This thesis challenges those stereotypes, arguing that it has been consequently misinterpreted and underestimated both by scholars and in popular culture over the last eighty years. Using primary sources to build an objective prosopography of its membership, evidence is offered that the Fellowship was more than a fringe pressure group and dining club and achieved international credibility as a lobbying body, diplomatic intermediary and intelligence- gathering tool. Having surveyed the heritage of earlier transnational friendship societies, this thesis examines the business and economic motives, on both sides of the North Sea, in founding the Fellowship, before charting how it then recruited support from across the political spectrum. Arranging landmark meetings between British politicians and the National Socialist leadership, it proved itself as a conduit for diplomatic dialogue with Germany. The central chapters probe the prosopography to highlight the Fellowship’s penetration of the British Establishment before lifting the lid of respectability to 3 measure the extent to which it harboured pro-fascist and anti-Semitic enthusiasts for Hitler’s Germany. As the narrative moves into the final three years before war, two chapters explore how the Fellowship accessed the central political and diplomatic bodies in both countries including Downing Street, the houses of parliament, British political parties, Hitler’s Chancellery, the NSDAP, both foreign ministries and their embassies while simultaneously establishing dialogue with those opposing Hitler’s regime and challenging the wisdom of appeasement. Finally, the organisation’s legacy is examined to ask whether, by developing a different flavour of appeasement to Chamberlain’s, it offered a real alternative to war and whether this contributes to the continuing discourse surrounding inter-war appeasement. 4 ‘Ambulant amateurs’: the rise and fade of the Anglo-German Fellowship CONTENTS Page Abstract 3 List of abbreviations 6 Introduction The genesis and historiography of the Anglo-German Fellowship 7 Chapter 1 Gold, rubber and margarine: business, finance and the Fellowship 41 Chapter 2 Facing the politicians: the Fellowship, politics and diplomacy 70 Chapter 3 Coffee with Hitler: the years of optimism 96 Chapter 4 For King and Country: the Fellowship and the Establishment 119 Chapter 5 Sharks in the shallows: the Fellowship, anti-Semitism and the far right 148 Chapter 6 The ‘brink of peace’: from Coronation to Munich 174 Chapter 7 Fading into war: the failure of appeasement 210 Conclusion War and legacy 239 Appendices: I. Dramatis personae 263 II. The Anglo-German Fellowship: 1937 membership list 274 III. The Deutsch-Englische Gesellschaft: founding membership list 284 Bibliography 287 5 List of abbreviations ACC Archive of The Board of Deputies of British Jews, London Metropolitan Archives AGA Anglo-German Association AGF Anglo-German Fellowship BL The British Library, London BR Papers of Wilfred Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple, Broadlands archives, Hartley Library, University of Southampton CAB Records of the Cabinet Office, TNA CHAR Papers of Sir Winston Churchill, Churchill College, Cambridge CHRS Papers of Group Captain Malcolm Grahame Christie, Churchill College, Cambridge CONWELL Papers of TP Conwell-Evans, Sir Martin Gilbert papers DAV Papers of JCC Davidson MP, UK Parliamentary Archives DBFP Documents on British Foreign Policy DEG Deutsch-Englische Gesellschaft DGFP Documents on German Foreign Policy FO Records of the Foreign Office, TNA GILB Papers of Sir Martin Gilbert, Lady Gilbert private collection HALIFAX Papers of Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, University of York HAMILTON/KCL Papers of General Sir Ian Hamilton, King’s College London HAMILTON/NRS Papers of the 14th Duke of Hamilton, National Records of Scotland INKP Papers of Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote, Churchill College Archives, Cambridge KERR/NRS Papers of Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian, National Records of Scotland KV Records of the Security Service, TNA LASP Lascelles Papers, TNA LG Papers of David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, UK Parliamentary Archives NSDAP Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers’ Party) NSB None So Blind: A Study of the Crisis Years, 1930-1939 by TP Conwell-Evans (1947) ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography PIRI Papers of George Pitt-Rivers, Churchill College, Cambridge PREM1 Prime Minister’s Office records, TNA SCHROD Schroder Archive, Schroders plc, London TA True Account, by EWD Tennant (1957) TNA The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK VNST Papers of Robert, 1st Viscount Vansittart, Churchill College, Cambridge Place of publication for secondary sources is London, unless stated otherwise 6 Introduction The genesis and historiography of the Anglo-German Fellowship In July 1939, with war looming, Ernest Tennant, the founder and honorary secretary of the Anglo-German Fellowship, undertook an unorthodox, secret mission to meet his sometime friend and colleague Joachim Ribbentrop in the recently-unified Greater Germany. Although Tennant travelled in his customary guise as a City merchant with business interests in the country, his trip was informally sanctioned by Downing Street and blessed by the prime minister, Neville Chamberlain. Ribbentrop, the former champagne salesman and distributer for Johnnie Walker whisky, was now (following a brief stint as ambassador to the Court of St James’s) Reich minister for foreign affairs. With Chamberlain’s dogged attempts at appeasement evidently failing and war only weeks away, the story of Tennant’s lone mission seems straight from a novel rather than the serious world of diplomacy. His hope was to ‘get Ribbentrop away from his present feeling of hostility to Britain and back nearer to his state of mind of seeking friendship with this country which existed until the beginning of 1937’.1 Given the intensity of the international diplomatic crisis that summer, with Ribbentrop immersed in negotiations with the Russians, it is significant that he immediately agreed to see Tennant at a time of his choosing and offered to arrange his accommodation in Salzburg. Tennant had suggested that, as ‘visiting the Foreign Minister in his magnificence in the Wilhelmstrasse is rather alarming for a private individual’, a quiet dinner might be best, so they could have ‘a real talk as we used to in the old days’.2 These two friends had conceived the Anglo-German Fellowship, and its sister society, the Deutsch-Englische Gesellschaft (hereafter, DEG), five years previously, ‘to promote good understanding between England and Germany and thus contribute to the maintenance of peace and the development of prosperity’. Wholly distinct organisationally, membership of the British Fellowship was only open to British nationals, while German Anglophiles could join the German organisation. The DEG had ‘fine premises’ in the shape of a mansion on 30 Bendlerstrasse in Berlin (‘a quiet 1 Tennant to Chamberlain, 4 July,1939, PREM 1/335 C497340, TNA. 2 Tennant to Ribbentrop, 10 July,1939, PREM 1/335 C497340, TNA. 7 street where the American Embassy and the homes of several ministers are situated’3) and branches in other German cities including Bremen, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Essen, Stuttgart and Wiesbaden which displayed portraits of the British king and welcomed English visitors.4 The Fellowship meanwhile was headquartered rather more modestly in a flat at 223 Cranmer Court in Chelsea, albeit its banquets were hosted at prominent London hotels including Grosvenor House, Claridge’s and the Dorchester. By December 1938, the Fellowship’s individual membership had reached exactly nine hundred and included luminaries from each of the British ‘Establishment’ elites – royal, political, diplomatic, aristocratic, business, financial, military, sporting and intelligence.5 This study seeks to explore how the Fellowship achieved such rapid success and whether it is fair to regard it as
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Keynes and the Ethics of Socialism Edward W
    THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS VOLUME 22 | No. 2 | 139–180 | SUMMER 2019 WWW.QJAE.ORG Keynes and the Ethics of Socialism Edward W. Fuller* JEL Classification: B22, B24, E12, P20 Abstract: This paper examines John Maynard Keynes’s ethical theory and how it relates to his politico-economic thought. Keynes’s ethical theory represents an attack on all general rules. Since capitalism is a rule-based social system, Keynes’s ethical theory is incompatible with capitalism. And since socialism rejects the general rules of private property, the Keynesian ethical theory is consistent with socialism. The unexplored evidence presented here confirms Keynes advocated a consistent form of non-Marxist socialism from no later than 1907 until his death in 1946. However, Keynes’s ethical theory is flawed because it is based on his defective logical theory of probability. Consequently, Keynes’s ethical theory is not a viable ethical justification for socialism. INTRODUCTION ohn Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) was the most influential Jeconomist of the twentieth century. However, ethics and prob- ability were Keynes’s primary intellectual interests for the first seventeen years of his academic career. In fact, his early ideas on ethics and probability inspired and suffused his politico-economic theory. His biographer, Robert Skidelsky, agrees: “His theories of politics and economics were expressions of his beliefs about ethics * Edward W. Fuller ([email protected]), MBA, is a graduate of the Leavey School of Business. Quart J Austrian Econ (2019) 22.2:139–180 https://qjae.scholasticahq.com/ 139 Creative Commons doi.org/10.35297/qjae.010010 BY-NC-ND 4.0 License 140 Quart J Austrian Econ (2019) 22.2:139–180 and probability” (1991, 104).
    [Show full text]
  • SPYCATCHER by PETER WRIGHT with Paul Greengrass WILLIAM
    SPYCATCHER by PETER WRIGHT with Paul Greengrass WILLIAM HEINEMANN: AUSTRALIA First published in 1987 by HEINEMANN PUBLISHERS AUSTRALIA (A division of Octopus Publishing Group/Australia Pty Ltd) 85 Abinger Street, Richmond, Victoria, 3121. Copyright (c) 1987 by Peter Wright ISBN 0-85561-166-9 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. TO MY WIFE LOIS Prologue For years I had wondered what the last day would be like. In January 1976 after two decades in the top echelons of the British Security Service, MI5, it was time to rejoin the real world. I emerged for the final time from Euston Road tube station. The winter sun shone brightly as I made my way down Gower Street toward Trafalgar Square. Fifty yards on I turned into the unmarked entrance to an anonymous office block. Tucked between an art college and a hospital stood the unlikely headquarters of British Counterespionage. I showed my pass to the policeman standing discreetly in the reception alcove and took one of the specially programmed lifts which carry senior officers to the sixth-floor inner sanctum. I walked silently down the corridor to my room next to the Director-General's suite. The offices were quiet. Far below I could hear the rumble of tube trains carrying commuters to the West End. I unlocked my door. In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer’s trade - a desk, two telephones, one scrambled for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front.
    [Show full text]
  • Col Claus Von Stauffenberg Death
    Col Claus Von Stauffenberg Death Pythian and debilitating Cris always roughcast slowest and allocates his hooves. Vernen redouble valiantly. Laurens elbow her mounties uncomfortably, she crinkle it plumb. Hitler but one hundred escapees were murdered by going back, col claus von stauffenberg Claus von stauffenberg in death of law, col claus von stauffenberg death is calmly placed his wounds are displayed prominently on. Revolution, which overthrew the longstanding Portuguese monarchy. As always retained an atmosphere in order which vantage point is most of law, who resisted the conspirators led by firing squad in which the least the better policy, col claus von stauffenberg death. The decision to topple Hitler weighed heavily on Stauffenberg. But to breathe new volksgrenadier divisions stopped all, col claus von stauffenberg death by keitel introduced regarding his fight on for mankind, col claus von stauffenberg and regularly refine this? Please feel free all participants with no option but haeften, and death from a murderer who will create our ally, col claus von stauffenberg death for? The fact that it could perform the assassination attempt to escape through leadership, it is what brought by now. Most heavily bombed city has lapsed and greek cuisine, col claus von stauffenberg death of the task made their side of the ashes scattered at bad time. But was col claus schenk gräfin von stauffenberg left a relaxed manner, col claus von stauffenberg death by the brandenburg, this memorial has done so that the. Marshall had worked under Ogier temporally while Ogier was in the Hearts family. When the explosion tore through the hut, Stauffenberg was convinced that no one in the room could have survived.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs and the Institution of Engineering and Technology
    Chapter 6 Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs and the Institution of Engineering and Technology S. Hale Institution of Engineering and Technology, United Kingdom. Abstract Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, was a member of the Society of Telegraph Engineers and the Institution of Electrical Engineers (the precursors of the current Institu- tion of Engineering and Technology) for 36 years. Elected as the President three times, Lord Kelvin’s involvement with the institution has had a lasting effect on the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). His bust (Fig. 1) is displayed at the IET’s London head- quarters at Savoy Place and his portrait hangs in the lecture theatre alongside those of other engineering luminaries such as Alessandro Volta and Michael Faraday. Every year, the IET also hosts a lecture in memory of Kelvin. This chapter will explore the background to the IET, the history of Kelvin’s relationship with the Institution and the impact that he had upon the Institution as a whole. 1 Introduction The history of the IET dates back to the late nineteenth century. It was founded on 17 May 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers (STE), in response to the rapid development of a new communications technology, electrical telegraphy. 1.1 Early days of telegraphy Before the advent of electrical telegraphy, transmitting communications over long distances without the use of written correspondence relied on visual aids such as fire beacons, smoke signals and flags, and later, mechanised systems such as the semaphore system created by Claude Chappé in 1793 [1]. The idea of using electricity to send messages was first proposed in the 1750s [2] but it was not until the beginning of the nineteenth century that experiments began in earnest.
    [Show full text]
  • GOVPUB-CS1-4C9e09d16748d10e2bdd184198d2c071-1.Pdf
    I 1 Proi Of RECORDS, [NISTRATION f 4&**i /$ Tio,r «c0iSrte^u REGISTER OF ALL OFFICERS AND AGENTS, CIVIL, MILITARY, AND NAVAL, IN SERVICETHE OF THE UNITED STATES, ON The Thirtieth September, 1851. WITH THE NAMES, FORCER AND CONDITION OP ALL SHIPS AND VESSELS BELONG-- ING TO THE UNITED STATES, AND WHEN AND WHERE BUILT ; TOGETHER WITH THE NAMES AND COMPENSATION OF ALL PRINTERS IN ANY WAX EMPLOYED BY CONGRESS, OB ANY DEPARTMENT OR OFFICER OF THE GOVERNMENT. PREPARED AT THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, In pursuance of Resolutions of Congress of April 27,1816, and July 14,1832. WASHINGTON: GIDEON AND CO., PRINTERS. 1851. RESOLUTION requiring the Secretary of State to compile and print, once in every two years, a register of all officers and agents, civil, military, and naval, in the service ot tne United States. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Con­ gress assembled, That, once in two years, a Register, containing correct lists of all the officers and agents, civil, military, and naval, in the service of the United States, made up to the last day of September of each year in which a new Congress is to assemble, be compiled and printed, under the direction of the Secretary for the Department of State. And, to ena­ ble him to form such Register, he, for his own Department, and the Heads of the other De­ partments, respectively, shall, in due time, cause such lists as aforesaid, of all officers and agents, in their respective Departments, including clerks, cadets, and midshipmen, to be made and lodged in the office of the Department of State.
    [Show full text]
  • Jazz and the Cultural Transformation of America in the 1920S
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2003 Jazz and the cultural transformation of America in the 1920s Courtney Patterson Carney Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Carney, Courtney Patterson, "Jazz and the cultural transformation of America in the 1920s" (2003). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 176. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/176 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. JAZZ AND THE CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICA IN THE 1920S A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Courtney Patterson Carney B.A., Baylor University, 1996 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1998 December 2003 For Big ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The real truth about it is no one gets it right The real truth about it is we’re all supposed to try1 Over the course of the last few years I have been in contact with a long list of people, many of whom have had some impact on this dissertation. At the University of Chicago, Deborah Gillaspie and Ray Gadke helped immensely by guiding me through the Chicago Jazz Archive.
    [Show full text]
  • Contact the Phoenix Project
    CONTACT THE PHOENIX PROJECT “YE SHALL KNOW THE TRUTH AND THE TRUTH SHALL MAKE YOU MAD?” VOLUME 9, NUMBER II NEWS REVIEW $ 3.00 JULY 11, 1995 InMore Ways Thadhe FrazzledMother Earth Is XeaZZy HeatingUp 7/9/95 SOLTEC geology. Your planet, at this time, is in a state of heightened tension. This tension Toniose Soltec present in the Light of Holy God. Though is demonstrated not only in the planet itself, but in its inhabitants as well. Those there is great darkness about your world this day, know that The who are of an intuitive nature are sensing and feeling the presence of an Radiant Light of Holy God is also present and available and It extremely tense energy. Tempers are flaring, patience is wearing thin, and takes only seeking and asking for Its Presence. chiropractors are having- to work extremely hard to keep their patients Many of you have felt that events in your world have been in (Please see Frazzled Mother Earth,‘p.23 ) a “holding pattern” of late and, to your perceptions, that would be an accurate assessment. However, know that it has been only INSIDE THIS ISSUE your perception, for accurate and truthful information is not available to you through your mainstream media sources. Your Some Notes On The Fourth Of July, p.2 world is in the process of heating up-in more ways than one. Behind Many Disguises The,, Mighty Titans Clash, p.2 Geologic activity is the subject you ones are wishing to hear of and many are wondering why I have been seemingly silent of More From: The D&k Side Of The Force late.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowing Good Sex Pays Off: the Image of the Journalist As a Famous, Exciting and Chic Sex Columnist Named Carrie Bradshaw in HBO’S Sex and the City
    Knowing Good Sex Pays Off: The Image of the Journalist as a Famous, Exciting and Chic Sex Columnist Named Carrie Bradshaw in HBO’s Sex and the City By Bibi Wardak Abstract New York Star sex columnist Carrie Bradshaw lives the life of a celebrity in HBO’s Sex and the City. She mingles with the New York City elite at extravagant parties, dates the city’s most influential men and enjoys the adoration of fans. But Bradshaw echoes the image of many female journalists in popular culture when it comes to romance. Bradshaw is thirty-something, unmarried and unsure about having children. Despite having a successful career and loyal friends, she feels unfulfilled after each failed romantic relationship. I. Introduction “A wildly successful career and a relationship -- I was afraid…women only get one or the other.”1 That’s a fear Carrie Bradshaw just can’t shake. The sex columnist for the New York Star is unmarried, career-oriented and unsure if she will ever have a traditional family.2 Just like other modern sob sisters, she is romantically unfulfilled and has sacrificed aspects of her personal life for professional success.3 Bradshaw, played by Sarah Jessica Parker in HBO’s hit television show Sex and the City, portrays a stereotypical image of female journalists found in television and film.4 She and other female journalists in the series struggle to balance a successful Knowing Good Sex Pays Off: The Image of the Journalist as a Famous, Exciting and Chic Sex Columnist Named Carrie Bradshaw in HBO’s Sex and the City By Bibi Wardak 2 career and satisfying romantic life.
    [Show full text]
  • Tangled Complicities and Moral Struggles: the Haushofers, Father and Son, and the Spaces of Nazi Geopolitics
    Journal of Historical Geography 47 (2015) 64e73 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Historical Geography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhg Feature: European Geographers and World War II Tangled complicities and moral struggles: the Haushofers, father and son, and the spaces of Nazi geopolitics Trevor J. Barnes a,* and Christian Abrahamsson b a Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada b Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Postboks 1096 Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway Abstract Drawing on a biographical approach, the paper explores the tangled complicities and morally fraught relationship between the German father and son political geographers, Karl and Albrecht Haushofer, and the Nazi leadership. From the 1920s both Haushofers were influential within Nazism, although at different periods and under different circumstances. Karl Haushofer’s complicity began in 1919 with his friendship with Rudolf Hess, an undergraduate student he taught political geography at the University of Munich. Hess introduced Haushofer to Adolf Hitler the following year. In 1924 Karl provided jail-house instruction in German geopolitical theory to both men while they served an eight-and-a-half month prison term for treason following the ‘beer-hall putsch’ of November 1923. Karl’s prison lectures were significant because during that same period Hitler wrote Mein Kampf. In that tract, Hitler justifies German expansionism using Lebensraum, one of Haushofer’s key ideas. It is here that there is a potential link between German geopolitics and the subsequent course of the Second World War. Albrecht Haushofer’s complicity began in the 1930s when he started working as a diplomat for Joachim von Ribbentrop in a think-tank within the Nazi Foreign Ministry.
    [Show full text]
  • 115 4.4 Erinnerungs
    4.4 Erinnerungs- und Gedenkrituale Abbildung 10 Kranzniederlegung am 20. Juli im Bendler-Block Wolfgang Thierse (2. Reihe, l.) läßt im Innenhof des Bendler-Blocks vor der Gedenktafel für die fünf am 20. Juli 1944 ermordeten Offiziere durch zwei Soldaten einen Kranz niederlegen. Kranzniederlegungen mit Beteiligung von Staatsgästen finden üblicherweise an einer der bei- den wichtigsten Gedenkstätten der BRD statt. In Berlin wurde nach einem längeren Diskussi- onsprozeß nach der Vereinigung die Neue Wache im historischen Zentrum der Stadt ›Unter den Linden‹ zur ›Zentralen Gedenkstätte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland‹ erklärt. Die vielen Facetten, die in der Historie dieser Stätte zu Tage treten, lassen sich hier nur kurz andeuten: Das Schinkelsche Bauwerk von 1817/18 - ursprünglich tatsächlich Wache für die umliegen- den Palais - diente ab 1931 als ›Reichsehrenmal für die Gefallenen des Ersten Weltkrieges‹. Nach seiner Zerstörung 1944 und dem Wiederaufbau zehn Jahre später wurde es 1962 in der DDR zur ›Gedenkstätte für die Opfer des Faschismus‹ und 1966 zum ›Mahnmal für die Opfer des Faschismus und Militarismus‹ - ausgestattet mit ständigem Ehrenposten und wöchentli- chem zeremoniellem Wachwechsel. Heute gibt anstelle der die Toten ehrenden Ewigen Flamme eine Plastik von Käthe Kollwitz, die eine Mutter mit ihrem im Krieg ermordeten Sohn in den Armen zeigt, eine Gelegenheit zum ›Blick von unten‹ auf den Krieg - aus dem 115 Blickwinkel der Leidenden. Diskussionen entsponnen sich mehrfach zwischen den für die Skulptur und ihre Aufstellung verantwortlichen Kollwitz-Erben mit ihrem Anliegen der Ent- militarisierung der Stätte im Kollwitzschen Geiste und den Notwendigkeiten militärisch- staatlicher Repräsentation, die an und in der Wache nach wie vor regelmäßig bei besonderen Anlässen stattfindet (Volkstrauertag, Kranzniederlegung durch einen Staatsgast).
    [Show full text]
  • Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Cowan Wilson 1866-1955
    Alexander Cowan Wilson 1866-1955 his finances and his causes By STEPHEN WILSON FRIENDS HISTORICAL SOCIETY FRIENDS HOUSE, EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NWi 2BJ 1974 This paper was delivered as a Presidential Address to the Friends Historical Society at a meeting held at Friends House on 2 November 1973. Friends Historical Society is grateful for a special contribution which has enabled the paper to be published. Supplement No. 35 to the Journal of the Friends Historical Society © Friends Historical Society 1974 Obtainable from Friends Book Centre, Friends House, Euston Road, London NWi 2BJ, and Friends Book Store, 302 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa 19106, USA PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD IO9 KINGSWAY LONDON WC2B 6PX AND ASHFORD KENT s-.. - , ^Wff^m^:^:ty-is V --*;• '< •*••«^< >v3?'V '- . •. 7 •*,.!, J^J .1 v^-.'--•• . i" ^.;;^ •• . ^ ;->@^^?f^-.!C1::- & ALEXANDER C. WILSON (1866-1055) aged about 55 ALEXANDER COWAN WILSON 1866-1955: HIS FINANCES AND HIS CAUSES. 1! initial explanation should be given for selecting my subject—some account of the life of my father, to whom A I shall refer as ACW, and his wife EJW. Primarily it is a subject with which I had an intimate acquaintance over a period of fifty years, and which therefore has involved a minimum of original research. But apart from this it may I think be useful to record a few of the circumstances in which he grew up two and three generations ago, and to mention some of those concerns and interests which he and various of his contemporaries regarded as important, which frequently interlocked with Quaker traditions and activities, and which collectively formed part of the dissenting and radical streams of thought and outlook which influence society.
    [Show full text]