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UNICEF Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020

Kenya

Humanitarian Situation Report No. 2

© UNICEF Kenya/2020/Mangia

Reporting Period: 1 January to 30 June 2020 Highlights • In the first half of 2020, the humanitarian situation in Kenya has rapidly deteriorated due Situation in Numbers to the escalating COVID-19 pandemic, severe desert locust invasion and massive floods, 611,000 thus limiting access to basic social services for the most vulnerable populations. Kenya children in need of also hosts 494,921 refugees and asylum seekers (54% children). humanitarian assistance • The first case of COVID-19 global pandemic was reported on 13 March 2020. As of 30 (NDMA, March 2020) June, there were 6,366 cases, 149 deaths, 2,039 recoveries across 41 out of 47 counties. • Over 15 million children (approximately 42% girls) will continue to miss school until January 2021 after the abrupt school closures in March 2020 due to the pandemic. About 1,300,000 75 per cent of children have limited access to remote learning and psychosocial support. people in need • The enhanced March to May 2020 rains season resulted in massive flooding and (NDMA, March 2020) landslides, with 116,000 people displaced and 233,000 people affected. • From January 2020, UNICEF has supported 23,192 children (11,809 girls and 11,383 boys) 494,921 refugees with treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and over 99,000 children were (UNHCR, 30 June 2020) reached with UNICEF-supported integrated health outreaches

• Over 154,000 people have accessed sufficient quantity of safe water for drinking, cooking and personal hygiene with UNICEF support 6,366COVID-19 Cases

• UNICEF supported nearly 97,000 children to access formal or nonformal education and (MoH, 30 June 2020)

over 6,500 children and caregivers to access mental health and psychosocial support. • The Kenya HAC is 60% unfunded, requiring USD 18 million more to deliver fully on needs. UNICEF’s Response and Funding Status UNICEF Appeal 2020 US$ 30 million

Funding Status (in US$)

Funds received, $8M

Funding gap, $18M

Carry Foward $4M

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UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020 Funding Overview and Partnerships UNICEF appeals for US$ 30 million to sustain provision of life-saving services for women and children in Kenya. In 2020, United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF, USA (USAID) OFDA, USAID/Food for Peace, European Commission / ECHO and UNOCHA have generously contributed to UNICEF Kenya humanitarian response. UNICEF expresses its sincere gratitude to all public and private donors for new contributions of US$8 million received to date. However, the 2020 HAC still has a funding gap of 60%. Without adequate funding, 110,597 children will not have access to treatment for severe acute malnutrition, 250,000 people will not have access to adequate safe water, and 255,614 children will not receive the primary health care support they need. UNICEF is continuing to support resource mobilization efforts through its sector lead role for Nutrition, WASH, Education and Child Protection.

Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs Kenya Nutrition IPC Map, February 2020 The enhanced March to May 2020 rains season resulted in massive flooding and landslides, with 116,000 people displaced and 233,000 people affected. In June 2020, at least 1,750 people were displaced in northern Kenya by inter- communual conflict . By 30 June 2020, Kenya has reported 6,366 COVID-19 cases with 149 deaths across 41 out of 47 counties since the first case was reported on 13 March 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt lives and livelihoods due to the restricted population movements as directed by the Government in efforts to control the pandemic, with increasingly limited access to basic social services for vulnerable populations. According to the World Bank, the COVID-19 epidemic is negatively affecting the economy and the output is expected to decline to 1.5 percent in 2020 from 5.6 percent in 2019. The overall dip in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is due to domestic and global measures taken in response to COVID-19. The slowdown in economic activity coupled by declined remittances and weakened consumption is likely to raise unemployment, poverty and inequality and overall increase in monetary poverty in 2020. With mandatory schools closure from March 2020 up to January 2021 due to the pandemic, over 15 million children are at risk of unprecedented interruption to learning and continue to face increased protection risks including abuse, teen pregnancy, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and child labour. Approximately 75 per cent of children, especially those in marginal counties and refugee contexts have limited access to available remote learning platforms and psychosocial support. As informed by rains assessments, approximately 1.3 million people1 are acutely food insecure as of February 2020, a reduction from 2.6 million people by end of 2019, which is attributable to good rains. Despite improved food security, arid counties continue to report high levels of acute malnutrition due to pre-existing factors including sub- optimal coverage of health and nutrition programs, poor infant feeding and childcare practices coupled with poverty and illiteracy. The food security and nutrition situation is at risk of deteriorating due to effects of the desert locust invasion across 28 counties and the COVID-19 pandemic, with malnourished children being particularly at risk. According to UNHCR, Kenya is one of the top refugee hosting countries in Africa, hosting 494,921 refugees and asylum seekers (54% children) by June 2020, with (44%) residing in Dadaab refugee camps, 40% in Kakuma refugee camp and 16% in urban areas. Of key concern is the COVID-19 outbreak in the refugee camps and the potential for rapid spread due to congested living conditions, with 24 cases reported in Dadaab and two in Kakuma by 30th June 2020. The refugee camps are still on lockdown, and although this is limiting the spread, it is affecting humanitarian access for provision of essential services. The potential rapid closure of the Dadaab refugee complex will have negative impact on the situation of refugee children with the risk of increased number of unaccompanied children, issue of determination of nationality and provision of essential social services to the host community which is still very dependant of the refugee operation. UNICEF continues to provide humanitarian support to affected children and families.

1 Short Rains Assessment, March 2020 2

UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020 Summary Analysis of Programme Response Nutrition

Between January and May 2020, a total of 23,192 severely malnourished children (11,809 girls and 11,383 boys) were admitted for treatment in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) counties and urban informal settlements, showing 40% decline in admission compared to the same period of 2019 partly due to reduced utilization of health services following the COVID-19 pandemic2. UNICEF has supported the Ministry of Health (MoH) in the development of a business continuity plan for nutrition service delivery in the context of COVID-19, of which programme guidance materials are disseminated to all the 47 counties. The Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM) admission trends has shown signs of improvement since rollout of business continuity guide in April 2020. UNICEF supported the rollout of family Mid-upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) approach to empower care takers to assess for malnutrition, allow early case identification and utilization of services. Sensitization of NDMA staff in 23 ASAL counties and County MoH teams from the 47 counties on family MUAC approach was conducted followed by phased rollout of MUAC tapes and trainings in five counties (four ASAL counties and ). For continued early warning and monitoring in the context of COVID-19, UNICEF has supported the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) to review the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) early warning system to leverage on the existing Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure to continue remote monitoring of the food and nutrition situation. UNICEF has procured 40,444 cartons of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) for treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and provided for distribution to health facilities through the Kenya Medical Supplies Agency (KEMSA) based on their consumption. UNICEF continues to support sector coordination as sector lead and is facilitating deliberations at national and county level on service continuity in the context of COVID-19. While nutrition is part of essential health care, the allocation of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) was prioritized for clinical staff directly dealing with sick patients resulting in shortage of PPE for nutrition service providers. Counties are addressing this as availability of PPE improves progressively.

Health Since January 2020, a total of 99,419 children accessed essential health services through integrated health outreach services. UNICEF has supported the Ministry of Health (MoH) in contingency planning and strengthening coordination, and further supported training of 2,312 health workers in 33 counties (, Trans Nzoia, , , Elgeyo Marakwet, , , Nandi, , , , , Busia, Turkana, Garissa, Meru, , Muranga, Embu, , , Kirinyaga, Tharaka Nithi, West Pokot, Baringo, Kisii, , Makueni, Kajiado, Migori, and Busia) on continuity of immunization services and delivery of health services in COVID-19 context. UNICEF in partnership with Kenya Red Cross Society is providing financial and technical support in the implementation of integrated Health, WASH, C4D and Protection services and maintenance of essential health services in the COVID-19 context in 15 informal settlements in Nairobi. UNICEF supported Mandera, Wajir, Garissa, , Marsabit, Isiolo Counties to conduct mapping of disasters and prioritising key actions for a post-COVID-19 preparedness and response. UNICEF also supported the northern counties in the development of a public health strategy. A total of 34 multi-sectoral County and Sub-county teams in were trained on Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (HVCA) and a draft emergency preparedness and response plan as well as a plan for roll out of HVCA in all six sub-counties of Wajir county were developed. Over 24,355 people (4,871 households) displaced by floods have received UNICEF Family Relief Kits, which are Non-Food Items (NFIs) consisting of cooking utensils, soap, bedding, water collection materials and temporary shelter to facilitate re-establishment of routine household activities for hygiene and childcare. Of these, 2,315 people were reached in County; 3,050 in , 340 in , 14,000 in and 2,635 in . The need to maintain COVID-19 preventative requirements like social distancing which necessitated additional logistics affected timely distribution of NFIs. Since the reporting of the first COVID-19 case in Kenya in March 2020, fear of contracting COVID-19 while visiting health facilities coupled with social stigma towards COVID-19 patients among communities is impacting continuity of essential health services, resulting in a decline in key maternal and child indicators. Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) and general welfare of frontline health workers remains a major challenge to the maintenance of routine essential health services. The Government and partners are increasingly investing in the safety of health workers through capacity building, provision of PPEs, mental health and psychosocial support interventions and are also reassuring the general population on the need to continue accessing routine as well as life- saving essential health services for children and women, and additional efforts are being made to facilitate continuous implementation.

2 The overall food security situation of 2020 is better than 2019, hence the decline in admission can also be partly attributed to the improvement in food security situation. 3

UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020 WASH In 2020, UNICEF has supported 154,968 people (79,033 women and 75,934 men) to access permanent safe water in seven ASAL counties (Isiolo, West Pokot, Marsabit, Turkana, Tiana River, Samburu and Garissa) at 7.5-15 litres/person/day. Further, 82,365 (42,006 women and 40,359 men) flood-affected people in Isiolo, Baringo, Wajir, Turkana, West Pokot, Garissa and Samburu counties accessed temporary safe water through household water treatment and safe storage practice through distribution of over 16,473 Jeri cans, 16,473 buckets, 33,475 bars of soap, 48 drums of chlorine powder and water treatment chemicals. UNICEF is continuing to support handwashing practices in public places in the context of COVID-19 for up to 125,000 people in the informal settlements in . More than 155,795 women, girls, boys and men have received critical WASH related information including hand washing with soap for the prevention of illness. Between January and March 2020 before the mandatory closure of schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 16,024 school children (8,813 boys and 7,211 girls) were supported to access WASH services in their learning environment, and 200 Parent Teacher Association (PTA) members were trained in sustainable operation and maintenance of school WASH facilities. The COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 long rains floods and landslides affected the supply chain and logistics in many Counties leading to delays in some activities. COVID-19 travel restrictions have impacted negatively project monitoring and convening of regular sector coordination fora at county level, and UNICEF is continuing to support sector coordination through virtual coordination meetings. Before the restrictions, UNICEF supported regular county level sector coordination and monitoring of activities in seven counties.

Education A total of 97,206 (41,652 female) children and 340 teachers (70 female) from host communities and the refugee camps have been reached through various Education in Emergencies interventions including emergency education supplies, WASH facilities and support for online eLearning and school radio lessons aimed at improving the quality and continuity of learning in the COVID-19 context after the abrupt mandatory closure of schools and all institutions of learning in March 2020. A total of 33,854 children (15,391 girls), who include 828 children with disabilities (350 girls), have been reached with home-based learning and provided with 18,350 textbooks. In addition, a total of 373 children (147 female) with intellectual disabilities in Nairobi informal settlements were reached with online academic tutorials and physical fitness for their personal wellbeing. On teacher capacity enhancement in COVID-19 context, 138 (36 female) were retained and another 138 (2 female) trained through remote peer to peer teacher learning cycles and are supporting learners remotely through mobile phones or by home visits. UNICEF is also supporting emergency education coordination through the national EiE working group especially resources mobilization and information management to support children to continue learning during the COVID-19 pandemic school closures, and sectoral linkages with Child Protection on mitigation of protection risks within the home and community environment, with increasing reports of Violence Against Children and teen pregnancies among school children. In the first term of the school year before the school closure, UNICEF distributed school supplies including 65 Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) kits, 872 education kits, 28 mathematics kits and 36 recreational kits; 100 mats, 4,800 school bags, 500 dignity kits for girls aged 10-18 years, 10 tents and 850 boarding supplies for primary school learners. UNICEF also constructed 18 latrines to serve 3,723 (1,411 female) and installed 22 water storage tanks targeting 17 primary and secondary schools and to serve 31,520(11,237 female) learners and 64 teachers. Key challenges include delayed approval of the refugee education policy to support inclusion of refugee children to national education systems; limited resources for school readiness to resume learning in the COVID-19 context, inadequate number of trained teachers and limited access to digital learning platforms for children especially in refugee camps schools and urban informal settlements. There is also concern over the high likelihood of many children dropping out of school altogether due to the lengthy school closures.

Child Protection A total of 6,541 (3,481 girls) children have been reached with mental health and psychosocial support services. The majority of the children (5,153 boys and 2,886 girls) reached are in Kakuma and Dadaab Refugee Camps where despite outbreak of COVID-19, UNICEF partners have maintained provision of child protection services to unaccompanied, separated and vulnerable children. During the reporting period, only 8 children (2 girls) were recorded as new arrivals while the rest are children already in the camps but identified with protection concerns. Collaboration with trained community workers has enabled UNICEF partners to maintain case management assessment and support services to children in refugee context. Besides children in refugee context, another 1,388 (695 girls) at risk children in West Pokot, Turkana and Garissa Counties were reached through UNICEF collaboration with the Department of Children Services. Among the services provided include psychosocial support, assessment of the protection environment at the family level and provision of dignity kits and school uniform. Majority of these children were identified among families that had been displaced from their homes by floods. A total of 283 (91% female) emergency-affected children and caregivers have accessed sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention services. Reporting of SGBV cases on children also remains low, with families and community 4

UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020 members opting for local level negotiations, oblivious of the long-term harm to survivors. SGBV challenges in the COVID- 19 context are increasing as more children are feared to be at risk following school closure due to the outbreak of COVID- 19; however, movement restrictions are hampering reporting and accessing of services. In addition, the Department of Children Services (DCS) lacks adequate resources to implement effective prevention and mitigation measures especially support to community-based child protection volunteers to monitor, identify, report and refer children for services. UNICEF and sister UN Agencies are collaborating on a One UN advocacy and support to government to effect measures to prevent teen pregnancies and sexual exploitation and abuse of children in the COVID-19 context. Virtual coordination of Child Protection emergency activities during the pandemic period is constrained by unreliable network in the arid counties as most officers are working remotely. Implementation of planned activities has also been constrained and UNICEF is consulting with partners to identify appropriate remote implementation modalities. Key delayed activities include the roll out of the operational guidelines for Child Protection in emergencies that was planned to commence in April 2020, which has been pushed to the last quarter of the year, and the identification and training of child protection volunteers in Dadaab and Kakuma.

Social Protection UNICEF has finalized the assessment on shock-responsiveness of the Kenya National Safety Net Programme (NSNP), which will guide potential shock-responsive measures in the margins of the NSNP in 2020, with a focus on enforcing existing policies. UNICEF will focus on piloting specific child-focused interventions based on further assessments in mid-2020. Based on the public stimulus, UNICEF is supporting the Government in horizontally and vertically expanding the existing National Safety Net Programme and providing temporary cash transfers to the most vulnerable in the COVID-19 context. UNICEF will provide temporary cash top up to the most vulnerable households in five counties as part of the joint Devolution Programme and will also support children released from institutions with a temporary cash transfer to support their reintegration into family care. UNICEF will also support children and adolescents in street situations with a temporary cash and services package to ensure long-term support in the areas of housing, health, education and protection. In partnership with UN sister Agencies, UNICEF is supporting the Government in targeting, overall administration of the expanded cash transfer programmes and mobilizing resources for cushioning the general public from COVID-19 effects of livelihoods and household access to basic needs. UNICEF is also building capacities of the Government through supporting key Government counterparts of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection (MLSP) to attend an interactive e-Coaching on shock-responsive Social Protection offered by the ILO International Training Center (ITC). Common challenges during the reporting period are related to weak coordination and harmonization of scattered interventions by Government and NGO stakeholders. UNICEF together with WFP initiated a donor working group in Social Protection to strategize together to overcome this challenge. UNICEF is also supporting the Government to strengthen the existing National Steering Committee for Social Protection to enable this committee to steer COVID-19 related measures.

Communications for Development (C4D), Community Engagement & Accountability I A radio campaign on malaria and cholera prevention and control was undertaken in flood affected counties of Turkana, Baringo, Marsabit, Garissa, Isiolo, Wajir and Tana River, reinforcing key behaviours for prevention and control and effectively contributing to the control of the outbreaks. Local radio stations with a wider reach in these counties were engaged to transmit a package of radio spots, presenter mentions, and frequency checks to specified audiences based on the risk profile such as care givers, school-going children, eateries/food vendors and water vendors. Concepts for future malaria and cholera messaging and materials are under development with MOH leadership. Working with field offices and county health promotion offices, hygiene promotion continues to be scaled up, with counties exploring innovative engagements at a distance to support Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) in hygiene promotion and demonstration of handwashing and water treatment. COVID-19 messaging has reached approximately 23.8 million people through mass media and social media platforms. This has put a spotlight on hygiene promotion/handwashing, presenting an opportunity for integrated hygiene promotion/handwashing initiatives. A further 7,600 people have actively engaged in providing feedback using SMS and radio platforms since the COVID-19 outbreak. The COVID-19 social distancing requirement has adversely affected interpersonal engagements, hence the increased use of radio, social media and public address systems to disseminate messages. In response to the occurring emergencies and disease outbreaks in a timely basis, UNICEF and the Department of Health Promotion (MOH) are conducting virtual weekly monitoring and reporting process on the impact of COVID-19 on health seeking behaviour and response to emerging emergencies. This has informed the need to explore establishing a Monitoring and Evaluation dashboard.

Humanitarian Leadership, Coordination and Strategy UNICEF is leading the Nutrition, Education and WASH sectors, the Child Protection sub-sector, as well as the Education sector with Save the Children. UNICEF provides technical and financial support to line ministries at national and county 5

UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020 level to support sector coordination and leadership. UNICEF-led sectors are all part of the Inter-Sector Working Group (ISWG) led by OCHA at the national level. UNICEF actively participates in interagency coordination mechanisms, including the Kenya Humanitarian Partnership Team (KHPT) forum and Kenya Red Cross Partners’ forum. The Government and Resident Coordinator’s Office are supporting humanitarian access for UN and partners within the movement restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The review of the Refugee Act 2006 and the finalization of a National Refugee Policy is ongoing with the support of members of the Kenya Parliamentary Human Rights Association (KEPHRA), UNHCR and partners.

Human Interest Stories and External Media UNICEF Human Interest Stories: https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/A-refugees-dream-of-fashion-design https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/Unleashing-youth-power-to-end-FGM-in-Isiolo-County https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/Breaking-the-Cycle-of-Malnutrition-in-Kenya https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/Responding-to-climate-change-in-Kenyas-semi-arid-regions https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/Learning-continues-in-refugee-camps-as-schools-close-temporarily https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/Africas-children-face-a-new-child-rights-crisis https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/Learning-from-home-in-Kibera-during-COVID-19 https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/Fighting-the-shadow-pandemic https://www.unicef.org/kenya/stories/Breaking-the-Cycle-of-Malnutrition-in-Kenya

Media articles: https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/2020-07-06-dignity-kits-help-girls-during-pandemic/ https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/2020-06-17-learning-continues-in-refugee-camps-as-schools-close-temporarily/ https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/2020-05-10-photos-learning-from-home-in-kibera-during-covid-19/ https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/2020-05-10-photos-learning-from-home-in-kibera-during-covid-19/

Next SitRep: 30 September 2020

UNICEF Kenya HAC appeal: https://www.unicef.org/appeals/kenya.html UNICEF Kenya Crisis Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UNICEFKenya/ UNICEF Kenya Emergency Page: https://www.unicef.org/kenya/emergency

Who to contact Maniza Zaman Jean Lokenga Nicholas Wasunna for further Representative Deputy Representative (Programmes) Chief, Field Operations & Emergency information: UNICEF Kenya Country Office UNICEF Kenya Country Office UNICEF Kenya Country Office Tel: +254 20 762 1093 Tel: +254 20 762 2137 Tel: +254 20 762 2184 Email : [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

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UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020

Annex A

Summary of Programme Results

UNICEF and IPs Cluster/Sector Response*

Change since Change since Overall 2020 Total 2020 Total Sector last report last report needs target results* target results* ▲▼ ▲▼ Nutrition Children aged 6 to 59 months affected by SAM 112,725 110,597 23,192 ▲12,375 110,597 23,192 ▲12,375 admitted for treatment Health Children vaccinated against measles 252,186 0** N/A Children accessing primary health care through 255,614 99,419 ▲68,947 UNICEF-supported outreach WASH People accessing a sufficient quantity of safe water for 250,000 154,968 ▲123,168 250,000 154,968 ▲123,168 drinking, cooking and personal hygiene Child Protection Children and caregivers accessing mental health and 36,874 6,541 ▲3,523 36,874 6,541 ▲3,523 psychosocial support Emergency-affected children and caregivers accessing 876 283 ▲203 876 283 ▲203 gender-based violence prevention and care services Education Children accessing formal or nonformal education, 196,521 97,206 ▲62,363 560,000 97,206 ▲62,363 including early learning Social Protection Households reached with humanitarian cash transfers* 20,000 0*** N/A *Sector targets and results are still being collated **Measles vaccination campaign has not been conducted ***Transfers are expected to begin in the third quarter of 2020. Results will be updated in the next sitrep.

Annex B

Funding Status* Funds available Funding gap Sector Requirements Received Current Carry-Over $ % Year Nutrition 13,271,640 4,479,911 1,681,340 7,110,389 54% Health 5,100,000 510,001 423,752 4,166,247 82 WASH 2,250,000 966,018 438,362 845,620 38 Child Protection 2,000,000 559,910 524,893 915,197 44 Education 5,900,000 1,095,490 1,078,459 3,726,051 65 Social Protection 1,000,000 0 0 1,000,000 100 Cluster Coordination 500,000 80000 75,175 344,825 85 Total 30,021,640 7,691,330 4,221,981 18,108,329 60%

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UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020 * As defined in the UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) Appeal

Annex C

Humanitarian Infographics

1. Food Security Situation in Kenya

2. COVID-19 Situation in Kenya

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UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020

3. Floods Situation in Kenya

4. Refugee Situation in Kenya - Dadaab

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UNICEF Kenya Humanitarian Situation Report January to June 2020

5. Refugee Situation in Kenya – Kakuma

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