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Classificatory and Typological Studies in Languages of the Madang District

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SERIES C - No. 19 CLASSIFICATORY AND TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES IN LANGUAGES OF THE MADANG DISTRICT by J.A. l'graggen PACIFIC LINGUISTICS The Australian National University Z'Graggen, J.A. Classificatory and typological studies in languages of the Madang District. C-19, viii + 187 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971. DOI:10.15144/PL-C19.cover ©1971 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published by the Lingui4tic Ci�cle 06 Canbe��a and consists of four series : SERIES A - OCCAS IONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS . EDITOR: S.A. Wurm . ASSOCIATE EDITORS : D.C . Laycock , C.L. Voorhoeve . ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PA C IFIC LINGUISTICS , including orders and subscriptions , should be addressed to : The Secretary , PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics , School of Pacific Studies , The Australian National University , Box 4, P.O. , Canberra , A.C.T. 2600 . Australia. Copyright � J.A. Z'graggen. First published 1971 . The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series . This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund . National Library of Australia Card number and ISBN 0 85883 069 8 TO MY PROFESSORS IN LINGUISTICS: FATHER DR P. SCHEBESTA SVD t PROFESSOR S.A. WURM TAB LE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE vi PART ONE 1. In��oduc�ion 1 1.1. Hi4 to�ical Summa�y 1 1 .2 . The P�e4 ent Lingui4 tic Pic�u�e 4 1.3. Aim4 and Method4 06 the P�e4 en� Study 4 1.4. Li4 t 06 Abb�eviation4 and Symbol4 7 1.5. Phoneti c/ Ph onemic Symbol4 9 PART TWO 2. Lexical Compa�i4 0n4 10 2.1. Li4� and Cla44i6ication 06 Languag e4 10 2.2. Note4 on the Lang uag e4 and thei� Cla44i6ication 23 2.21 . The Madang Ph ylum 23 2.21.1. The Mabu4 0 S�o ck 23 2.21.2. The U4U� G�oup 36 2.21.3. Lexical Inte��elation4 hip4 within the Madang Phylum 3 8 2.2 1 .4. Illu4 t�ative Li4t 06 Cogna�e4 06 the Madang Phylum 3 8 2.21 .5. Typological Cha�ac�e�i4ti c4 06 the Madang Phylum 4 1 2.22. The Adelb e�t Range Phylum 4 2 2.22.1. The I4um�ud S�ock 4 2 2.22.2. The Pihom Stock 46 2.22.3. The J04 eph4taal Stock 56 2.22.4. The Wanang Stock 6 1 2.22.5. The Mugil S�ock-Type I4 ola�e 64 2.22.6. Lexical In�e�� ela�ion4 hip4 wi�hin �he Adelbe�� Rang e 66 Phylum 2.22.7. Illu4 ��a�ive Li4� 06 Cogna�e4 06 �he Adelbe�� Range 70 Phylum iv '1 Page 2.22.8. Typological Cha�ac�e�i� �ic� 06 the Adelbe�t Range 73 Ph ylum 2.23. The Ramu Phylum 73 2.23.l. The Ruboni Sto�k 7 4 2.23.2. Th e Goam S�ock 79 2.23.3. The Annabe�g G�oup 8 3 2.23 .4. The Agoan Family 87 2.23 .5. The Aion Lang uag e 88 2.23.6 . The Kambot Language 88 2.23.7. Lexical Inte��elation� hip� within the Ramu Phylum 88 2.23.8. Illu�t�a�ive Li�t 06 Cognate� 06 the Ramu Phylum 89 2.23.9. Typological Cha�acte�i� tic� 06 the Ramu Phylum 92 2.24. The To��icelli Phylum in �he We� te�n Madang Vi� ��ict 92 2.25. The Ea� � New Guinea Hi9hland� Ph ylum in the We� te�n 9 4 Madang Vi� t�i ct 2.26. The Melane� ian Language� in �he We�te�n Madang Vi�t�ict 96 2.3. Inte�phylic Relation� hip� 100 2.4. The Languag e� 06 �he A���olabe Bay 104 PART THREE 3. Typological Compa�i� on� 108 3. l. Indication 06 Numbe� 10 8 3.2. Conco�dance Cla�� Sy� tem� 118 3. 3. Po��e��ive Cla�� Sy� tem� 12 1 3.4. Counting Sy��em� 1 42 3.5. Simple Ve�b St�uc�u�e 145 BIBLIOGRAPHY 16 9 PR EFACE This study is the outcome of a period of research which began in August 19 64 when I was trans ferred as a Missionary of the Society of the Divine Word (S.V.D. ) to the Catholic Mission Station at Mugi l. My linguistic aim at that time was to gain a basic idea of the nature of the Mugil language and to get an overall picture of the linguistic situation in the area for wh ich I had to care as a mi ssionary . An orientat ion trip to various parts of the Bogia Subdistrict and the Middle Ramu area was made in the second half of 196 5. It was then that it became apparent to me how insufficient our linguistic knowledge of the Madang District was . Pub lished material could be adequately understood only in the light of new field studies . Fieldwork was resumed again in January 196 7 under the auspices of the Australian National University . Initially I had planned to make a de scriptive and comparative study of the Mugi l language . I did , however , not succeed in establishing a family or stock with Mugil as a member, but the survey work along the coast progressed we ll and was equally successful in the Ramu River area . I was surprised to encounter in the Ramu River area, typological features found along the coast . The original plan of the field trip was then given up and the rest of the time spent on estab lishing the boundaries of typological features such as the indication of the subject with the verb , the prefixing or suffixing of possessive markers or object markers and others , and on collecting the necessary materials for a lexical classification of the languages . This in return enab led me to establish the language boundaries in large previ ously unsurveyed areas . The re sults of this survey were then summarized in my thesis for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the Australian National University , Canberra , in May 196 9. From July to November 196 9 I had the opportunity to return to the Madang District to re -check and correct a number of data, specially the vi vii populat ion figures . Additional linguistic material in some unsurveyed areas could also be ob tained; and as a re sult of this , two additional maps : "The Languages of the Mabuso Stock" and "The Languages of the Astrolab e Bay" could be included into this publication . In this study I have attempted to undertake three things : a ) to give a historical summary of the lingui stic work undertaken so far; b ) to present a preliminary lexical classification of the languages; c ) to discuss in some detail the nature and distribution of some typological features encountered in the languages of the Western Madang Distri ct . This study , there fore , consists of three parts : PART ONE The main linguistic contributions are re ferred to, the lingui stic situation de scribed and this study discussed with a view to its aims and methods . PART TWO provide s a preliminary classificat ion of the languages of the Western Madang Distri ct into families , stocks and phyla . The distribution and the numb er of speakers of each individual language are gi ven and publi cations for each language listed - it is hoped that the li st of publications is reasonably complete. Typological characteristics are mentioned when discussing the families and phyla and summaries of typological feat ures are given for each stock . PART THREE Some typological features such as number marking with nouns , concordance class systems , counting systems and the simple verb structure are discussed in some detail. I would like to express my thanks to Profe ssor S.A. Wurm and Dr D.C. Laycock of the Department of Linguistics for supervising this study and adding helpful comments to earlier drafts ; their interest and encourage­ ment made this study become a reality . I am indebted to the Australian Nati onal University for the opportunity and funds made available to me to make this study and give thanks to the Department of Human Geography for the preparation of the maps . Thanks to Dr A. Capell of the Univers ity of Sydney , to Dr A. Chowning of the AustraliaD National University for making valuable comments on my study and also thanks to Miss Louis Hogg, who carried out anthropologi cal research in the surrounding area of Madang Town in 1969 and from whom I could re ceive some data . Thanks are also due to Professor A. Buhler , Basel, and viii Professor Geering, Berne , on behalf of the Swiss Academy of Science , ( Schweizerische Geisteswissens chaftliche Gesellschaft ) for granting me financial assistance . I should also like to express my sincere thanks to the Administration officals at the District Offi ces of Madang , Bogia and Angoram, to the various Mission Bodies such as the Church of Christ Mission, the Lutheran Mission and especially the Catholic Mission for all the help which they have given me so generously . Speci.al thanks are due to Father Dr J. SchUtte , S.V.D. , former Superior General of the Society of the Divine Word ( S.V.D. ) , for granting me the permission to undertake this study and to Father J. Mus insky , Superior General, for kindly giving me permission to carry on the research .
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