Integrated Exertion
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Integrated Exeron – Understanding the Design of Human–Computer Integraon in an Exeron Context A thesis submied in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Jorge Andres Moros Ortiz (Josh Andres) Master, Communicaon Design, RMIT Bachelor, Mulmedia, Swinburne Cerficate, Digital Strategy, AFA Adv diploma, Mulmedia, Holmesglen School of Design College of Design and Social Context RMIT University June 2020 | ii Declaration I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed. I acknowledge the support I have received for my research through the provision of an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Josh Andres June 5, 2020 | iii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my main supervisor, Florian ‘Floyd’ Mueller, for his guidance in this adventure. It has been a privilege over these last years to work on each case study and engage in discussions, resulting in a better understanding of the field and of myself as a person – thanks for the friendship. I would also like to thank my second supervisor, Juerg von Kaenel, for being supportive of the work, for always being available to discuss career advice and for offering suggestions around how to further it – thanks for the support. I also wish to thank my third supervisor, Jonathan Duckworth, for his support in this last stage. A special mention goes to the Exertion Games Lab for the world-class environment that it offers to nurture ideas, to further my research goals and for the collaboration opportunities with leading experts across the world. To current and past members of the lab: Rohit, Rich, Eric, Nathan, Zhuying, Yan, Betty, Justin, Sarah, Jonathan, Rakesh, Joe, Marcus, Jayden and Mads – thanks for the feedback and opportunity to also be part of your adventure. I am also deeply thankful to IBM Research for the support and encouragement to do this PhD and for the opportunities it offers to put these learnings into practice. Thanks to the many worldwide colleagues with whom I have collaborated and built friendships while working on human–computer interaction projects and patents. Another institution I am deeply thankful to is RMIT University for providing a fantastic environment to undertake this epic challenge, and to the colleagues and staff who supported me. To my editor, friend and all-round cool guy John Wagner, who volunteered to review various manuscripts and also served as a walking partner along the Yarra river to discuss the intricacies of life; thanks, John. To m.c. schraefel from the WellthLab at the University of Southampton, UK, thanks for the camaraderie and successful collaboration in publishing various workshops at top-tier HCI venues, for the joint efforts that led to two summer school grant awards and for your inspiring expertise in the associated publications. Thanks to Mary Josephine O’Rourke for the editorial service. This work would not have been possible without the support of my 'professional' editor, my wife, Tilly, who offered to review most of my manuscripts from a native English speaking perspective. Thank you, Tilly, for all the reviews and discussions, and thank you to my family for the support throughout this life-changing experience. | iv | v Table of contents Declaration .................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................iii List of figures .............................................................................................................xi List of tables ............................................................................................................xiv Abstract ......................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 – Introduction ..........................................................................................4 Introduction ...............................................................................................................4 Exertion in human–computer interaction .................................................................5 Human–computer integration ...................................................................................6 Bodily integration ......................................................................................................6 Non-acting bodily integration ................................................................................7 Enacting bodily integration ....................................................................................7 Stimulating bodily integration ...............................................................................7 Integrated exertion ....................................................................................................8 Integrated exertion at the intersection of human-computer integration and exertion ......................................................................................................................9 Thesis statement .....................................................................................................11 Framework for designing integrated exertion ........................................................12 Research objectives ................................................................................................12 1. Understand the role of integrated exertion in supporting the exerting body 12 2. Explore the applications that integrated exertion offers as a design space ..13 3. Create a theoretical design framework ...........................................................13 Research scope .......................................................................................................13 Case studies ............................................................................................................15 Case Study 1: Movement data .............................................................................15 Case Study 2: Contextual data ............................................................................17 Case Study 3: Physiological data ........................................................................20 Contributions ...........................................................................................................23 Peer reviewed publications .....................................................................................24 Thesis structure .......................................................................................................26 CHAPTER 2 – Related Work ......................................................................................27 The evolution of exertion experiences in HCI ........................................................27 From playing with digital systems .......................................................................27 | vi Using our bodies to interact with digital systems ...............................................27 Integrating our bodies with digital systems .......................................................28 Human-computer integration .................................................................................30 Cyber-physical systems .......................................................................................30 Bodily integration ....................................................................................................31 Non-acting bodily integration ..............................................................................31 Enacting bodily integration ..................................................................................32 Stimulating bodily integration .............................................................................34 Transhumanism and cyborgs ..............................................................................35 Why eBikes as a research vehicle? .........................................................................36 Cycling in HCI, experiential aspects of exertion and cycling ..............................37 Cycling in HCI, whole-body interaction in exertion ............................................38 eBike riders are more prone to injury .................................................................38 Research opportunity ..............................................................................................39 CHAPTER 3 – Methods ..............................................................................................41 Ethics approval ........................................................................................................41 Research through design ........................................................................................41 Methods used ..........................................................................................................42 Data collection: Semi-structured interviews ......................................................42 Data collection: Explicitation approach ..............................................................43