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Home , Karolinska Institute, Mid Sweden University, Royal Institute of Art, Sundsvall, University of Gothenburg

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SWEDISH HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The is one of around 40 higher education institutions in . These HEIs can be divided into the following four categories:

BROAD RESEARCH University of Gothenburg

Linköping University LULEÅ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY University University Umeå University University

SPECIALISED RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES Chalmers University of Technology UMEÅ UNIVERSITY Luleå Technical University Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm Buisness School (SBS) * Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)

NEW UNIVERSITIES MID SWEDEN UNIVERSITY* University *Mid Sweden University Linnæus University has campuses in Östersund Malmö University and Mid Sweden University Örebro University

SMALLER REGIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGES Blekinge Institute of Technology Dalarna University College Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College Gävle University College SLU University ÖREBRO UNIVERSITY KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE, KTH, SBS Jönköping University University College Mälardalen University College

Red Cross University College of Nursing LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY Royal College of Music, Stockholm Sophiahemmet University College UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG Stockholm School of Theology CHALMERS Stockholm University of the Arts

Swedish Defence University LINNÆUS UNIVERSITY Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Södertörn University University College of Arts, Crafts and Design University College West University of Borås University of Skövde MALMÖ UNIVERSITY 2 Almost all HEIs in Sweden are part of the state-governed higher education system and regulated as public authorities (myndigheter). The boards and Vice-Chancellors are appointed by the government. Decision-making within universities is seen as an exercise of public authority and must follow the principle of public access. Each year, the Minister or State Secretary of Higher Education and Research meets with University Management, and each year the University receives directives from the government in terms of student production and special assignments. Direct government funding to universities is divided into separate strands – education, research & doctoral education, and special assignments. Universities may not redirect money between the different strands. Aside from government fund- ing, external funding also contributes to research and doctoral education. Each year, the Swedish Government allocates funds for research in the national budget. Approximately half of those funds go directly to HEIs. The rest is allocated to researchers via government research funding bodies and other public authorities.

A few Swedish HEIs are foundations, for example Chalmers University of Technology. Unlike state-governed HEIs, Chalmers can own its own buildings, student homes and companies. The procedures for employment are also different, and in some cases simpler, compared to those for state-governed HEIs.

Click here to read a summary of Sweden’s research policy bill “Collaborating for knowledge – for society’s challenges and strengthened competitiveness”

RESEARCH STANDING

The overall quality of Swedish research is considered to be high. The broad research universities, including the University of Gothenburg, are ranked among the top by many ranking institutes, as are many of the specialised research universities (Karolinska Institute, Chalmers and KTH). A more detailed description of the standing of Swed- ish research can be found in the ‘Swedish Research Barometer’, published by the Swedish Research Council every other year. The most recent report is from 2017. Click the image to the right to visit the website and download the PDF.

Read the report

3 RESEARCH FUNDING SYSTEM

In Sweden, 3.3% of BNP is spent on research and development, which is quite high by international standards. Research conducted at HEIs accounts for approximately 25% of national R&D.

RESOURCES FOR R&D IN SWEDEN

The figure above shows the financial volume and cash flows, in billion SEK, of the Swedish R&D system in 2015. Financing of R&D can be viewed from two perspectives: allocation by funding body (upper section of the figure), andwhere/by whom the research is conducted (low- er section). As shown, most research funding for HEIs comes from the government, either directly as block grants, or via funding agencies. Discrepencies in total amounts are due to various factors, such as funds being paid to a researcher in a certain year, while only a portion of those funds be- ing used in that same year. Source: Swedish Research Barometer 2017.

During the period 2005–2017, government funding for research increased from approximately SEK 24 billion per year to approximately SEK 37 billion per year.

About half of government funding is allocated to researchers via state funding bodies, or to public agencies that either distribute research funding or use the funds to conduct their own re- search (e.g. the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute). The proportion of funds that are allocated to funding bodies compared to block funding directly to universities has increased over the years.

4 EXTERNAL RESEARCH FUNDING

The figures below illustrate the research in- comes obtained by Swedish HEIs from public and other external sources in 2017. Many Swedish ministries have their own fund- ing body, as described below.

Research councils Public foundations All amounts in million SEK 6,421 All amounts in million SEK 1,310 Swedish Research Council 4,966 Strategic Research Foundation 631 Funding body for the Ministry of Knowledge Foundation 338 Education and Research Mistra 132 Foundation for Baltic and East 168 Formas 950 European Studies Funding body for the Ministry of Others 41 Energy and Environment Private foundations Forte 506 All amounts in million SEK 4,715 Funding body for the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs Wallenberg foundations (combined) 1,128 Swedish Cancer Society 384 Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation 156 State funding bodies All amounts in million SEK 3,091 Swedish Foundation for Humanities 298 and Social Sciences (RJ) Vinnova 901 Others 2,394 Funding body for the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation EU funding SEK 1,804 million

Swedish Energy Agency 716 Other international SEK 776 million

State universities and colleges 520 Swedish companies SEK 771 million

Sida/SAREC 187 Swedish local authorities SEK 650 million and regions Swedish National Space Agency 82

Others 685

Source: UKÄ Universitet och högskolar årsrapport 2018 (Swedish Higher Education Authority)

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4 grants n c 26,153 full-time students 6,435in income r performance equivalents % e n t i in external research million g ex l 21,858 annual 6 ra a grants 6,135 degrees 4 n % n tins income36 r performance equivalents % e g xt degrees ra e 6,135 nts 36 %

SEK EDUCATION AT STAFF POSTGRADUATE LEVEL 52SEK EDUCATION AT million STAFF in positive business results en 41 POSTGRADUATEn 4 LEVEL2 52 m % me % million o m o m w e w e % n n in positive business results en 41 % en 42 9 m % 8 m % 5 o m 5 o 1,776 m w 6,220 e w e n n % % research students 9 employees 8 5 6,220 5 1,776 employees 327research newly students admitted 5,647 full-time workers 327271 newly degrees admitted 5,647 full-time workers 271 degrees

Figures from the University’s ‘årsredovisning’ annual review, 2017

6 A BRIEF HISTORY

The organisation is decentralised in comparison GOTHENBURG CITY CENTRE to others, which can be partly explained by our history. The idea of a free academy in Gothenburg was first established in May 1864 in an article in Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning. The University College Gothenburg was founded in 1891. The main building in Park was completed in 1907. The construction cost of SEK 630 000 was paid for by the industrialist Oscar Ekman. In 1949 the was founded based on local initiatives during World War II, when Sahlgrenska Hospital engaged in training of medical students from occu- pied neighbouring countries. In 1954, the Medical School merged with the University The blue dots indicate the University’s College, and the University of Gothenburg facilties, which amount to 355,780 sqm was founded. In 1971, the School of Busi- in Gothenburg alone. ness, Economics and Law became part of the University, and in 1977 the Swedish Reform for Higher Education enabled the merging of several independent academic institutions with the University, including the School of Public Administration, School of Education, The University of Gothenburg does not have a defined School of Journalism, School of Music and campus, but its departments are an integrated part of School of Drama. the city, which means that you see a lot of students in the streets of Gothenburg. An exception is the Medical Hill next to Sahlgrenska University Hospital.

LOCATIONS

The University of Gothenburg also has facilities outside of Gothenburg. The University’s Marine Science Centres are located in Tjärnö and Kristineberg. The Department of Conservation is in Mariestad, and ‘Crafts and Design at Steneby’ is part of HDK (the Academy of Design and Crafts) as shown in the figure on the right.

RED19 Project Group University of Gothenburg [email protected] 7