Baseline Study
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COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012) Title of the thesis or dissertation. PhD. (Chemistry)/ M.Sc. (Physics)/ M.A. (Philosophy)/M.Com. (Finance) etc. [Unpublished]: University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from: https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za (Accessed: Date). Sport and Development in South African Women’s Football: The Reciprocal Effects of Socialisation By CASSANDRA OGUNNIYI A thesis submitted in fulfilment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil.) in Sport Management Department of Sport and Movement Studies Faculty of Health Sciences UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG Supervisor: Prof. C. Burnett 2013 i DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously submitted it in its entirety or in part at any university for a degree. 30 September 2013 ______________________ ________________________ Signature Date i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The final product of this thesis would not have been possible without the assistance and support of many wonderful family and friends. First of all I would like to thank the research participants who shared their lives, experiences and emotions with me. I trust that I have provided an opportunity for your voices to be heard. Secondly I would like to thank my research assistants in Johannesburg and Cape Town, who helped with logistical arrangements, translation of words and culture, as well as encouragement and cheerful countenances. This journey has been inspired, encouraged and supported by the wonderful friends I met at the University of Cape Town, especially through my introduction to the world of women’s football in South Africa. You have a special place in my heart. If it were not for the support of my family I would still be in Canada. They allowed me to pursue my dreams and adventure around the world. Thank you for the freedom to freely soar with the knowledge that you would always be there for me when I needed you. The Department of Sport and Movement Studies at the University of Johannesburg has provided me the opportunity to embark on this study and engage with wonderful scholars, mentors and students. Thank you to Pam who has been with me throughout this journey and Prof Roux who has provided me the opportunities to teach and attend international conferences to gain new insights incorporated into this study and share the knowledge generated from this research. Prof Cora, you have been an inspirational mentor and role model. Your work ethic and heart for the research subject and participants is incomparable. You never cease to amaze me. I have learned more than I could have imagined, been pushed beyond my conceivable limits and grown to a deeper level of research, analysis and interpretation. I look forward to future collaborations and international projects that will provide new insights and understandings. To my international friends on the same journey of research and self-discovery, Tinuke, Bonolo, Mari, I know great things will transpire. Thank you to everyone who helped proof-read and edit my final draft. I would have been lost without you. Finally, to my love, you came into my life unexpectedly and I will never be the same. Thank you for your inspiration, support, warmth and love. The long hours of work sitting together in our first apartment will be cherished. You always know how to put a smile on my face even on the most difficult of days. Praise be to God who makes all things possible and wonderful! ii iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................................... i DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. viii ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Problem statement ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Research aim and objectives ............................................................................................. 4 1.4 Research design ................................................................................................................ 4 1.4.1 Theoretical perspectives ............................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 7 1.4.3 Sample .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.4 Procedures .................................................................................................................... 8 1.4.5 Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.6 Delimitations ............................................................................................................... 10 1.4.7 Outcomes.................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Key concepts ................................................................................................................... 11 1.5.1 Development ............................................................................................................... 11 1.5.2 Family ......................................................................................................................... 11 1.5.3 Gender and sexualities................................................................................................ 12 1.5.4 Health and well-being .................................................................................................. 13 1.5.5 Poverty ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.5.6 Socialisation ................................................................................................................ 14 1.5.7 Sport ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.6 Structure .......................................................................................................................... 15 1.7 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 16 2. SPORT AND DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................ 18 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Brief historical overview ................................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Sport and development historically .............................................................................. 19 2.2.2 Sport for development – the current movement ........................................................... 22 2.3 SDP critiques ................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1 Contextual complexity and negative impacts ............................................................... 25 2.3.2 Lack of evidence ......................................................................................................... 26 2.3.3 Theoretically thin ......................................................................................................... 26 2.3.4 Northern driven and dominated ................................................................................... 27 2.3.5 Neo-liberal dominant ideologies .................................................................................. 28 2.3.6 Lack of sociological and anthropological research ......................................................