DOCSLIB.ORG

Parasites of Domestic and Wild Animals in South Africa. XLVII. Ticks of Tortoises and Other Reptiles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Parasites of Domestic and Wild Animals in South Africa. XLVII. Ticks of Tortoises and Other Reptiles Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 73:215–227 (2006) Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLVII. Ticks of tortoises and other reptiles I.G. HORAK1, I.J. MCKAY2*, B.T. HENEN3, HELOISE HEYNE2, MARGARETHA D. HOFMEYR3 and A.L. DE VILLIERS4 ABSTRACT HORAK, I.G., MCKAY, I.J., HENEN, B.T., HEYNE, HELOISE, HOFMEYR, MARGARETHA D. & DE VIL LIERS, A.L. 2006. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLVII. Ticks of tortoises and other reptiles. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 73:215–227 A total of 586 reptiles, belonging to 35 species and five subspecies, were examined in surveys aimed at determining the species spectrum and geographic distribution of ticks that infest them. Of these rep- tiles 509 were tortoises, 28 monitor or other lizards, and 49 snakes. Nine ixodid tick species, of which seven belonged to the genus Amblyomma, and one argasid tick, Ornithodoros compactus were re- covered. Seven of the ten tick species are parasites of reptiles. Amongst these seven species Am bly- omma marmoreum was most prevalent and numerous on leopard tortoises, Geochelone pardalis; Amblyomma nuttalli was present only on Bell’s hinged tortoises, Kinixys belliana; and most Amblyomma sylvaticum were collected from angulate tortoises, Chersina angulata. Amblyomma exornatum (for- merly Aponomma exornatum) was only recovered from monitor lizards, Varanus spp.; most Ambly- omma latum (formerly Aponomma latum) were from snakes; and a single nymph of Amblyomma trans versale (formerly Aponomma transversale) was collected from a southern African python, Python natalensis. All 30 Namaqualand speckled padloper tortoises, Homopus signatus signatus, examined were infested with O. compactus. The seasonal occurrence of A. sylvaticum and the geographic distribution of this tick and of A. mar- moreum, A. nuttalli, A. exornatum, A. latum and O. compactus are illustrated. Keywords: Amblyomma spp., argasid tick, geographic distribution, ixodid ticks, Ornithodoros com- pactus, reptiles, seasonality, snakes, tortoises, varanid lizards INTRODUCTION 1 Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Vet- erinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa, and Division of Parasitology, ARC-Onderstepoort Reptiles in southern Africa are hosts of several spe- Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa cies of ixodid ticks (Theiler 1962). The majority of 2 Division of Parasitology, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Insti- these ticks belong to the genus Amblyomma, of tute, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa. which nine species, including three species that be- * Dr McKay’s present address is: School of Geosciences, longed to the former genus Aponomma (now Ambly- University of Witwaters rand, Private Bag X3, Wits, 2050 omma), occur in South Africa (Walker 1991). Theiler South Africa (1943, 1945a, b) has published illustrations of Ambly- 3 Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation - Southern Africa, omma sylvaticum and of the ornate and inornate De part ment of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Univer- sity of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Aponommas. The latter ticks have recently been South Africa placed in the genus Amblyomma and are now des- 4 Scientific Services, Western Cape Nature Conservation Board, ignated Amblyomma exornatum, Amblyomma latum Private Bag X5014, Stellenbosch, 7599 South Africa and Amblyomma transversale (Klompen, Dobson & Accepted for publication 12 April 2006—Editor Barker 2002). Theiler & Salisbury (1959) have illus- 215 Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLVII trated ticks of ‘the Amblyomma marmoreum group’, MATERIALS AND METHODS and colour illustrations of Amblyomma hebraeum The data for this communication are derived from and A. marmoreum have been published by Walker four surveys of ticks parasitizing tortoises and other & Olwage (1987). A single argasid species, Ornitho- reptiles. doros compactus infests tortoises in southern Africa, and has been illustrated by Walton (1962). Firstly a study conducted specifically on tortoises, chiefly in the southern provinces of South Africa, be- Theiler (1962) has listed the reptile species and the tween 1975 and 1981, during which all vis ible ticks localities in sub-Saharan Africa from which ticks of were collected, but no record was kept of the number the genera Amblyomma and Aponomma (now Am- of tortoises that were not infested. Sec ondly ticks bly omma) have been collected. Norval (1983, 1985) were collected from tortoises in the West ern and has recorded the hosts and mapped the localities at Northern Cape Provinces between 2000 and 2003 which Amblyomma nuttalli, A. marmoreum, A. exor- as part of a larger investigation on the biol ogy and natum, A. latum and A. transversale have been col- conservation of these animals. Again no record was lected in Zimbabwe. Walker & Schulz (1984) have kept of the number of tortoises that were not infested. recorded the numbers of A. hebraeum and A. mar- Thirdly from casual collections between 1981 and moreum collected from tortoises in the Addo Elephant 2005 from tortoises and other reptiles, and finally National Park, Eastern Cape Province, and Dower, studies on 23 leopard tortoises conducted by Dower Petney & Horak (1988) those collected from leopard et al. (1988) and Horak & Boomker (1998) have been tortoises in the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve and in included for completeness’ sake. The vast majority the Thomas Baines Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape of collections were made from free-living reptiles, Province. The seasonality of A. marmoreum on leo- with a few made from captive animals. With the ex- pard tortoises in the National Zoological Gardens, ception of the study by Dower et al. (1988), in which Pre toria, Gauteng Province has been determined ticks were recovered after detaching from caged, by Rechav & Fielden (1995), and the hosts, season- naturally infested tortoises, ticks were collected man- ality and geographic distribution of the latter tick in ually, or by means of pincers, and preserved in 70 % South Africa have been recorded and illustrated by ethyl alcohol for subsequent identification and count- Horak, McKay, Heyne & Spickett (2006). Walton ing. The collections made by Dower et al. (1988) (1962) has listed the tortoise species from which O. were exhaustive, while the others concentrated on compactus has been collected. collecting only the visible and hence more easily ac- With the exception of A. hebraeum and O. compac- cessible ticks. The parasite host tables that follow tus, the above-mentioned ticks have all been re- list the total number of tortoises and other reptiles of corded on reptiles imported into the United States of each species that were infested irrespective of the Amer ica (USA) from Africa (Burridge, Simmons & tick species and the numbers of animals that were Allan 2000; Burridge 2001; Burridge & Simmons infested with particular species. The localities at 2003). This illus trates not only the close association which ticks were collected were recorded and their between the ticks and their hosts, but their prolonged geographic coordinates determined and plotted. periods of attachment, which exceed the length of The results of the collections pertaining to A. mar- time from the capture of the reptile in Africa, its trans- moreum have been reported separately (Horak et location to a foreign country and its legal or illegal al. 2006) and, with the exception of the tick-host ta- importation into that country. Amblyomma marmor- ble and geographic distribution map, to which new eum has in fact adapted to its new habitat and be- data have been added, they are not repeated here. come estab lished at a reptile breeding facility in Flor- Large numbers of all stages of development of A. ida in the USA (Allan, Simmons & Burridge 1998). sylvaticum were collected from angulate tortoises According to Walton (1962) the O. compactus re- during the course of the surveys, and the mean num- corded in European zoological gardens, probably bers recovered each month, irrespective of the year, arrived there as first stage nymphs on imported tor- have been used to determine the seasonal occur- toises. rence of this tick on these animals. The maps illus- The purpose of this paper is to record the species trating the geographic distributions of the various tick spectrum of ticks that infest tortoises and various species have been compiled from the coordinates other reptiles in South Africa, and to illustrate the of localities listed by Theiler (1962), as well as from seasonality and geographic distributions of those those at which ticks were collected in the surveys species for which sufficient data exist. reported here. 216 I.G. HORAK et al. We have used Branch (1998) as our primary source or ‘monitor lizard’ by the collectors and are listed as of reference for the specific and common names of such in the tables. the tortoise and other reptile species examined. These have been listed in the tables and the scien- tific names will not be repeated in the text. Whenever RESULTS AND DISCUSSION we have been uncertain of the sub-specific identity Amblyomma hebraeum of a particular tortoise we have used the geographic distribution maps plotted by Branch (1998), or the The hosts of adult A. hebraeum are large herbivo- habitat preferences of the various sub-species of rous mammals, whereas the larvae and nymphs can tent tortoises (Branch 1989), and the field experi- be found on a variety of large and small mammals ence of B.T.H. and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ECOLOGICAL HABITAT ASSESSMENT for the PROPOSED 26Km 132Kv KINGBIRD LINE from the GUMENI SUBSTATION to the BOSLOOP SUBSTATIO
    ECOLOGICAL HABITAT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED 26km 132kV KINGBIRD LINE FROM THE GUMENI SUBSTATION TO THE BOSLOOP SUBSTATION, ESKOM DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, NORTHERN REGION; MPUMALANGA PROVINCE Compiled for: SSI ENGINEERS & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS BY: Mr C.L.COOK (MSc. Zool. U.P) Pr.Sci.Nat. 400084/08 Zoological Consultant: Specialist Herpetological Consultant Cell No. 082 688 9585 [email protected] SUBMITTED: 24th OCTOBER 2011 Ecological Survey for Gumeni to Bosloop132kV Kingbird Line 1 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Eskom Transmission is responsible for providing a high quality supply of electricity to meet the ever increasing needs of its end users. As a result, its infrastructure of power lines and substations are continuingly being established and expanded upon to support annual load growth. Eskom is planning to build a new 132kV Kingbird distribution line from the recently constructed Gumeni Substation to the south of Machadadorp to the existing Bosloop Substation. The study area is located in the Northern Mpumalanga Lowveld region. The powerline being considered for the project falls within rural areas, largely characterised by intensive commercial agricultural and pastoral land uses. The area is situated close to the small mining town of Machadadorp approximately 17km to the north, with Nelspruit situated approximately 75km to the northwest. There are two main roads that allow general access to the study area and these are R541 and the R36. The need for ESKOM’s proposed development has been identified by the low voltage service experienced in the 132kV ring supplied from Witkloof substation due to the loss of either the Witkloof-Holnek 132kV line or Witkloof-Wintershoek 132kV line voltages during the transmission and distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Fishes
    WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE state oF BIODIVERSITY 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 2 Methods 17 Chapter 3 Freshwater fishes 18 Chapter 4 Amphibians 36 Chapter 5 Reptiles 55 Chapter 6 Mammals 75 Chapter 7 Avifauna 89 Chapter 8 Flora & Vegetation 112 Chapter 9 Land and Protected Areas 139 Chapter 10 Status of River Health 159 Cover page photographs by Andrew Turner (CapeNature), Roger Bills (SAIAB) & Wicus Leeuwner. ISBN 978-0-620-39289-1 SCIENTIFIC SERVICES 2 Western Cape Province State of Biodiversity 2007 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Andrew Turner [email protected] 1 “We live at a historic moment, a time in which the world’s biological diversity is being rapidly destroyed. The present geological period has more species than any other, yet the current rate of extinction of species is greater now than at any time in the past. Ecosystems and communities are being degraded and destroyed, and species are being driven to extinction. The species that persist are losing genetic variation as the number of individuals in populations shrinks, unique populations and subspecies are destroyed, and remaining populations become increasingly isolated from one another. The cause of this loss of biological diversity at all levels is the range of human activity that alters and destroys natural habitats to suit human needs.” (Primack, 2002). CapeNature launched its State of Biodiversity Programme (SoBP) to assess and monitor the state of biodiversity in the Western Cape in 1999. This programme delivered its first report in 2002 and these reports are updated every five years. The current report (2007) reports on the changes to the state of vertebrate biodiversity and land under conservation usage.
    [Show full text]
  • MCS Herpetofauna Checklist
    MATOBO CONSERVATION SOCIETY CHECKLIST FOR THE HERPETOFAUNA OF THE MATOBO HILLS APPRECIATION This material was prepared by the MATOBO CONSERVATION SOCIETY from chapter 12 of the book “THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MATOBO HILLS” ISBN 978-0-7974-9815-0 with the approval of the NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF ZIMBABWE The Matobo Conservation Society, a registered Welfare organisation, is committed to the conservation, appreciation and sustainable use of the natural and cultural resources within the Matobo Hills region. For more information (a) on this checklist and (b) the book “THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MATOBO HILLS”, write to: The Matobo Conservation Society, PO Box FM 648, Famona, Bulawayo or email [email protected] INTRODUCTION Compiled by Dr Don Broadley Sketches were done by Jenny Whalley The reptiles and amphibians together comprise the herpetofauna of the Matobo hills. It has a fairly rich species richness, consisting of 70 reptile and 28 amphibian species. Not only do these comprise a diverse assemblage, but they occur at very high densities compared to mammals. The herpetofauna of woodland and savanna areas of the Matobo includes many savanna species which are widely distributed across similar habitats of south-central Africa. With a few exceptions, most amphibians are seasonally dependant on surface water and the aquatic habitats in which it is localised. The permanent water bodies have a few characteristic reptile inhabitants. The serrated hinged terrapin is found in such dams and permanent streams, and is replaced in temporary pans by the helmeted terrapin. The water monitor is most plentiful around permanent water bodies, where it feeds largely on crabs and mussels.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservation Biology of Tortoises
    The Conservation Biology of Tortoises Edited by Ian R. Swingland and Michael W. Klemens IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) No. 5 IUCN—The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC 3. To cooperate with the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the in developing and evaluating a data base on the status of and trade in wild scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biological flora and fauna, and to provide policy guidance to WCMC. diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species of 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their con- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna servation, and for the management of other species of conservation concern. and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, sub- vation of species or biological diversity. species, and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintain- 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: ing biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and vulnerable species. • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of biological diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conserva- tion Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitor- 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia)
    Zootaxa 1945: 51–66 (2008) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia) NICOLAS VIDAL1,10, WILLIAM R. BRANCH2, OLIVIER S.G. PAUWELS3,4, S. BLAIR HEDGES5, DONALD G. BROADLEY6, MICHAEL WINK7, CORINNE CRUAUD8, ULRICH JOGER9 & ZOLTÁN TAMÁS NAGY3 1UMR 7138, Systématique, Evolution, Adaptation, Département Systématique et Evolution, C. P. 26, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France. E-mail: [email protected] 2Bayworld, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 4Smithsonian Institution, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, B.P. 48, Gamba, Gabon. 5Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-5301 USA. E-mail: [email protected] 6Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, P.O. Box FM 730, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. E-mail: [email protected] 7 Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 8Centre national de séquençage, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston-Crémieux, CP5706, 91057 Evry cedex, France. E-mail: www.genoscope.fr 9Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum, Pockelsstr. 10, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 10Corresponding author Abstract The Elapoidea includes the Elapidae and a large (~60 genera, 280 sp.) and mostly African (including Madagascar) radia- tion termed Lamprophiidae by Vidal et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2007 08 Index
    ANNUAL REPORT 2007 08 INDEX VISION & MISSION 2 PRESIDENT’S REPORT 4 CEO REPORT 6 AMATEUR CRICKET 12 WOMEN’S CRICKET 16 COACHING & HIGH PERFORMANCE 18 DOMESTIC PROFESSIONAL CRICKET 22 DOMESTIC CRICKET STATS 24 PROTEAS’ REPORT 26 SA INTERNATIONAL MILESTONES 28 2008 MUTUAL & FEDERAL SA CRICKET AWARDS 30 COMMERCIAL & MARKETING 32 CRICKET OPERATIONS 36 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 40 GENERAL COUNCIL 42 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 43 TREASURER’S REPORT 44 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 46 UNITED CRICKET BOARD OF SOUTH AFRICA 62 CRICKET SOUTH AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED 78 1 VISION & MISSION VISION Cricket South Africa’s vision is to make cricket a truly national sport of winners. This has two elements to it: • To ensure that cricket is supported by the majority of South Africans, and available to all who want to play it • To pursue excellence at all levels of the game MISSION As the governing body of cricket in South Africa, Cricket South Africa will be lead by: • Promoting and protecting the game and its unique spirit in the context of a democratic South Africa. • Basing our activities on fairness, which includes inclusivity and non-discrimination • Accepting South Africa’s diversity as a strength • Delivering outstanding, memorable events • Providing excellent service to Affiliates, Associates and Stakeholders • Optimising commercials rights and properties on behalf of its Affiliates and Associates • Implementing good governance based on King 2, and matching diligence, honesty and transparency to all our activities CODE
    [Show full text]
  • Nyika and Vwaza Reptiles & Amphibians Checklist
    LIST OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF NYIKA NATIONAL PARK AND VWAZA MARSH WILDLIFE RESERVE This checklist of all reptile and amphibian species recorded from the Nyika National Park and immediate surrounds (both in Malawi and Zambia) and from the Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve was compiled by Dr Donald Broadley of the Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, in November 2013. It is arranged in zoological order by scientific name; common names are given in brackets. The notes indicate where are the records are from. Endemic species (that is species only known from this area) are indicated by an E before the scientific name. Further details of names and the sources of the records are available on request from the Nyika Vwaza Trust Secretariat. REPTILES TORTOISES & TERRAPINS Family Pelomedusidae Pelusios rhodesianus (Variable Hinged Terrapin) Vwaza LIZARDS Family Agamidae Acanthocercus branchi (Branch's Tree Agama) Nyika Agama kirkii kirkii (Kirk's Rock Agama) Vwaza Agama armata (Eastern Spiny Agama) Nyika Family Chamaeleonidae Rhampholeon nchisiensis (Nchisi Pygmy Chameleon) Nyika Chamaeleo dilepis (Common Flap-necked Chameleon) Nyika(Nchenachena), Vwaza Trioceros goetzei nyikae (Nyika Whistling Chameleon) Nyika(Nchenachena) Trioceros incornutus (Ukinga Hornless Chameleon) Nyika Family Gekkonidae Lygodactylus angularis (Angle-throated Dwarf Gecko) Nyika Lygodactylus capensis (Cape Dwarf Gecko) Nyika(Nchenachena), Vwaza Hemidactylus mabouia (Tropical House Gecko) Nyika Family Scincidae Trachylepis varia (Variable Skink) Nyika,
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum
    JOURNAL OF THE EAST AFRICA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY AND NATIONAL MUSEUM 15 October, 1978 Vol. 31 No. 167 A CHECKLIST OF mE SNAKES OF KENYA Stephen Spawls 35 WQodland Rise, Muswell Hill, London NIO, England ABSTRACT Loveridge (1957) lists 161 species and subspecies of snake from East Mrica. Eighty-nine of these belonging to some 41 genera were recorded from Kenya. The new list contains some 106 forms of 46 genera. - Three full species have been deleted from Loveridge's original checklist. Typhlops b. blanfordii has been synonymised with Typhlops I. lineolatus, Typhlops kaimosae has been synonymised with Typhlops angolensis (Roux-Esteve 1974) and Co/uber citeroii has been synonymised with Meizodon semiornatus (Lanza 1963). Of the 20 forms added to the list, 12 are forms collected for the first time in Kenya but occurring outside its political boundaries and one, Atheris desaixi is a new species, the holotype and paratypes being collected within Kenya. There has also been a large number of changes amongst the 89 original species as a result of revisionary systematic studies. This accounts for the other additions to the list. INTRODUCTION The most recent checklist dealing with the snakes of Kenya is Loveridge (1957). Since that date there has been a significant number of developments in the Kenyan herpetological field. This paper intends to update the nomenclature in the part of the checklist that concerns the snakes of Kenya and to extend the list to include all the species now known to occur within the political boundaries of Kenya. It also provides the range of each species within Kenya with specific locality records .
    [Show full text]
  • Dangerous Snakes Soutpansberg
    DANGEROUS SNAKES OF THE SOUTPANSBERG There are around 60 different types of snakes in the Soutpansberg. Six of them are capable of inflicting very painful bites VERY DANGEROUS and six are considered potentially deadly. DANGEROUS Has caused Painful bite, but does human fatalities not require antivenom VERY VERY VERY VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Black Mamba Black Mamba Snouted Cobra Snouted Cobra - banded phase (Dendroaspis polylepis) (Dendroaspis polylepis) (Naja annulifera) (Naja annulifera) VERY VERY VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Mozambique Spitting Cobra Mozambique Spitting Cobra Puff Adder Rhombic Night Adder (Naja mossambica) (Naja mossambica) (Bitis arietans arietans) (Causus rhombeatus) VERY VERY VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Snouted Night Adder Common Boomslang - male Common Boomslang - female Common Boomslang - juvenile (Causus defilippii) (Dispholidus typus viridis) (Dispholidus typus viridis) Photo André Coetzer (Dispholidus typus viridis) VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Southern Twig Snake Bibron’s Stiletto Snake Speckled Shield-nosed Cobra Horned Adder (Thelotornis capensis capensis) (Atractaspis bibronii) (Aspidelaps scutatus) (Bitis caudalis) © Johan Marais African Snakebite Institute Snakebite African © Johan Marais JOHAN MARAIS is the author of various books on reptiles including the best-seller A Complete Guide to Snakes of Southern Africa. He is a popular public speaker and offers a variety of courses including Snake Awareness, Scorpion Awareness EMERGENCY PROTOCOL and Venomous Snake Handling. Johan is accredited by the International Society of Zoological Sciences (ISZS) and is a IN THE EVENT OF A SNAKE BITE Field Guides Association of Southern Africa (FGASA) and DO NOT ww Travel Doctor-approved service provider. His courses are 1 Keep the victim calm, immobilized and ..
    [Show full text]
  • CSA Schools T20 Challenge 2 Pretoria | 6-8 March 2020 Messages
    Messages Previous Winners Umpires Emergency Contacts Daily Programme Fixtures NATIONAL CRICKET WEEK POOL A | Team Lists POOL B | Team Lists Playing Conditions CSA SCHOOLS T20 Procedure for the Super Over T20 CHALLENGE Appendix 1 Pretoria | 6-8 March 2020 Appendix 2 Schools Code of Conduct Messages Chris Nenzani | President, Cricket South Africa Previous Winners Umpires The Schools’ T20 tournament CSA values our investment in youth extremely highly. It is is not just the biggest event an important contribution to nation building through cultural Emergency Contacts that Cricket South Africa (CSA) diversity which has become one of the pillars on which our has ever handled but it creates cricket is built. CSA has travelled a wonderful journey over the Daily Programme a pathway of opportunity for past 29 years of unity and everybody can be proud of his or her schools at all levels to live their contribution. dreams. Fixtures There are countless cricketers who have gone on from our It takes the game to every corner youth programs to engrave their names with distinction in South of the country and to established African cricket history and we congratulate them and thank them POOL A | Team Lists cricket schools as well as those that are just starting to make for their contributions. their way. As such it is a key component of our development POOL B | Team Lists program and of our vision and commitment to take the game to I must also put on record our thanks to all the people who have given up their time without reward to coach and mentor our all.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Fauna Impact Assessment
    July 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR SASOL PSA AND LPG PROJECT TERRESTRIAL FAUNA IMPACT ASSESSMENT Specialist Report 10 OOD OF MARK WOOD CONSULTANTS SSOCIADOS MOZAMBIQUE LDA PREPARED BY Author: AR Deacon Submitted to: EIA CONDUCTED BY GOLDER A WITH EIA LEADERSHIP BY MARK W SASOL Petroleum Mozambique Limitada & Sasol Petroleum Temane Limitada Report Number: 1302793 - 10712 - 20 (Eng) TERRESTRIAL FAUNA NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Introduction Sasol Petroleum Mozambique (SPM) and Sasol Petroleum Temane (SPT) are proposing to develop the PSA Development and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Project, situated near Inhassoro in the Inhambane Province of Mozambique. The project is an expansion of the existing Sasol Natural Gas Project in this area. Proposed new infrastructure includes 19 wells (oil and gas), associated flowlines and a new Manifold Station (8.8 ha), from which the oil flowlines will be combined into a single pipeline routed to the new Integrated PSA Liquids and LPG Plant (9.5 ha), constructed adjacent to the Central Processing Facility (CPF). This Study This study presents the findings of an assessment of the impact of the project on Terrestrial Fauna. It is one of a series of studies prepared for the Environmental Impact Assessment for the project. The study takes into account Mozambique laws and regulations, regional conventions and protocols and importantly, the Performance Standards of the International Finance Corporation, in particular Performance Standard 6, Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources, as the underpinning of the assessment and the recommendations made in the report. Methodology The survey made use of habitat availability in the different vegetation types, while the presence of observed species was used as an indicator of habitat integrity.
    [Show full text]
  • Movement, Home Range and Habitat Use in Leopard Tortoises (Stigmochelys Pardalis) on Commercial
    Movement, home range and habitat use in leopard tortoises (Stigmochelys pardalis) on commercial farmland in the semi-arid Karoo. Martyn Drabik-Hamshare Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Discipline of Ecological Sciences School of Life Sciences College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg Campus 2016 ii ABSTRACT Given the ever-increasing demand for resources due to an increasing human population, vast ranges of natural areas have undergone land use change, either due to urbanisation or production and exploitation of resources. In the semi-arid Karoo of southern Africa, natural lands have been converted to private commercial farmland, reducing habitat available for wildlife. Furthermore, conversion of land to energy production is increasing, with areas affected by the introduction of wind energy, solar energy, or hydraulic fracturing. Such widespread changes affects a wide range of animal and plant communities. Southern Africa hosts the highest diversity of tortoises (Family: Testudinidae), with up to 18 species present in sub-Saharan Africa, and 13 species within the borders of South Africa alone. Diversity culminates in the Karoo, whereby up to five species occur. Tortoises throughout the world are undergoing a crisis, with at least 80 % of the world’s species listed at ‘Vulnerable’ or above. Given the importance of many tortoise species to their environments and ecosystems— tortoises are important seed dispersers, whilst some species produce burrows used by numerous other taxa—comparatively little is known about certain aspects relating to their ecology: for example spatial ecology, habitat use and activity patterns.
    [Show full text]