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Inwood Hill.Pdf NEW YORK‐NEW JERSEY HARBOR ESTUARY EARTHCACHE DISCOVERY TRAIL Welcome to The New York‐New Jersey Harbor Estuary EarthCache Discovery Trail is a set of virtual earthcaches that highlight the amazing geology and ecology of Liberty State Park in Jersey City, NJ and Inwood Hill Park in Manhattan. This family‐friendly activity is appropriate and fun for all ages! The self‐guided pace and educational component allows visitors to discover and appreciate the beauty and natural history of the Harbor Estuary while exploring the resources of two of the Estuary’s most beautiful parklands! There are 10 EarthCaches established on each Estuary Discovery Trail. The estimated time to complete each EarthCache varies depending on your pace preference. This Estuary Discovery Trail was created by Going Coastal as a special project in affiliation with Groundspeak and support from the NY‐NJ Harbor Estuary Program and the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission. What is Earthcaching? GPS units can be a fun way to explore Inwood Hill Park. EarthCaching is a “virtual” geocache that has no physical hidden container. EarthCaching is a hunt for natural and geological “treasures.” All EarthCaches have an educational component that involves reading a description of the location or feature, locating the feature using a GPS device and solving a riddle or question. Instead of leaving or removing anything, EarthCachers report their observations or answers on the Geocaching website and via an email to the cache manager at [email protected]. As with all EarthCaches, there is no physical find, the discovery is the natural wonders of the park when you visit. These EarthCaches take you behind the scenes to investigate why the land at Inwood Hill Park is so spectacular, and how it came to be. These activities are offered the schools and organized groups through the Inwood Hill Nature Center Urban Park Rangers and the Liberty State Park Interpretive Center to support research and education efforts. Contact the park to schedule your discovery. Everything you need to enjoy the day will be provided – GPS Jr. devices, EarthCache descriptions and logbooks. What you will nEEd to participatE: • GPS Jr. unit, GPS device or Smart Phone • A user account at http://www.geocaching.com for obtaining the EarthCache description (or obtain a hardcopy online at goingcoastal.org) • Download or printout the specific EarthCache description & coordinates • Notebook or Going Coastal logbook (download at goingcoastal.org) • A pen or pencil • Enthusiasm to explore the NY‐NJ Harbor Estuary! How thE program works: 1. Set up a membership at earthcache.org to access the complete EarthCache listings. The basic membership is free! 2. Choose the earthcaches opportunities found in Inwood Hill Park. 3. Log in and print the text and GPs coordinates for each EarthCache. 4. Once in the park, use your GPS device to locate the cache objectives and answer the questions. Each Inwood Hill Park EarthCache is a separate cache so you can choose to complete one or complete the entire Discover Trail. 5. Return to the earthcache.org website to log in your EarthCache find and upload a photo and give a short statement about your experience. 6. You also need to email you answers to the Going Coastal questions to [email protected] to obtain credit for the find, and so that you do not giveaway the answers to future cache hunters. Inwood Hill Park NaturE CEntEr GPS CoordinatEs: 40.873992 ‐73.92006 Waypoint 1 GEtting ThErE: Indian Road and 218th Street. Subway: Take the 1/9 train to 215th street and walk north to 218th. Take a left on 218th to the end, and you will reach the park. Or take the A train to 207th street and turn west onto Seaman Ave and walk north into the park. Car: From Westside Highway, take the Dyckman St exit. Follow the exit as it merges with Broadway. Drive north on Broadway to 218th street. The entrance to the Park is on the end of the street. From FDR/East River Drive, go north to the end. The end of the highway is at Dyckman St. Bear left on Dyckman St. Take Dyckman west to Broadway and take a right on Broadway. Proceed north to 218th St and make a left turn and park at the end of the street. Street parking only. About This Waypoint: The EarthCache is the Inwood Hill Park Nature Center, the best place to get the lay of the land. Here you will see the big picture ‐ pieces of geology, ecology and cultural history that make up the complete story of Inwood Hill Park’s landscape. A long history of geological events from the Proterozoic eon when life began on Earth to the last Pleistocene epoch of ice ages is preserved in the rock formations in the landscape of Inwood Hill Park. The rocks you see and touch are the solid materials that form the surface of the Earth, both on land and at the bottom of oceans. The Nature Center was originally built as a boathouse in 1937 on the Harlem River Ship Canal. The hydrology of the watercourse differs from when Henry Hudson visited. Upper Manhattan and the Bronx were seperated by only a shallow tidal strait called Spuyten Duyvil Creek until the end of the 19th century. Spuyten Duyvil Creek was rechristened the Harlem River Ship Canal after the Army Corps of Engineers rerouted the creek to provide a more direct connection between the Hudson and East Rivers, cutting 14 miles off the route to Long Island Sound. When the Harlem Ship Canal was completed in 1895, the neighborhood of Marble Hill was severed from Manhattan, creating an island with winding Spuyten Duyvil Creek as its northern boundary. Spuyten Duyvil Creek was filled in by 1916 connecting Marble Hill to the Bronx. Residents of Marble Hill retained the Manhattan postal address, while they reside in the Bronx. The curves of Spuyten Duyvil Creek are evident in the New York County border, which extends around Marble Hill. The Nature Center and the park’s numerous habitats provide close up observation of the local geology and ecology. It is also a place to explore the long history of the Native American inhabitants. Inwood Hill Park consists of two great ridges, rising as high as 220 feet, with a deep ravine in between and lowlands beside the Hudson River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek. The Clove follows the ravine. There are many landforms to explore, from lagoons and salt marshes to hills and rocky outcroppings that provide clues to the geologic record and even now are being changed by dynamic forces that are constantly at work. http://farm1.static.flickr.com/41/119887496_6595efbc02_o.jpg Inwood Hill Nature Center is operated by the Urban Park Rangers, open Wednesday to Sunday from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. The center serves as starting point for walking tours and workshop sites for educational programs, recreational activities and environmental studies for schools, youth groups and the whole family. There are exhibits highlighting the diversity of the landscape. Logging Tasks: 1. Step outside the Nature Center onto the landing overlooking the lagoon. Use your GPS unit to mark the spot. What are the coordinates? Why is it important to know your location? Where you are? 2. Name two geological processes that are visible in the environment today. 3. Water is an important natural resource. The Harlem Ship Canal/Spuyten Duyvil Creek is used for navigation. Can you name two other uses of the waterways? To log a find on this earthcache, email the cache owner (DO NOT POST IN YOUR LOG). Use your GPS device to locate the next cache ‐ GC2RQ4 GnEiss PlacE for a Wigwam GPS CoordinatEs: 40 52.455 ‐73 55.217 Waypoint 2 GEtting ThErE: To reach this waypoint walk to the NW side of the Nature Center building. The Native American wigwam is located in the Nature Center’s outside lot. About This Waypoint: Look across Spuyten Duyvil Creek to the wall of rock painted with the Columbia University “C”. It is one of the oldest rock formations in the world made of Fordham GnEiss, a mEtamorphic rock formed a billion years ago. It was once part of a high mountain range created when continents collided and tectonic plates shifted during the Grenville Orogreny (a mountain‐building period). Tectonic processes such as orogenies caused land to be elevated, and erosion and weathering caused land to be worn away to lower elevations. Fordham gneiss is “basement rock” usually lying under younger rock formations. Geological events caused this vein of Fordham gneiss to crop up in the North Bronx as the Riverdale Ridge reaching the edge of the creek before plunging steeply underground. Native Americans built camps of wigwams in the shadow of the protective ridge. They settled on the shore where Spuyten Duyvil Creek, the Hudson River and Harlem River meet in a village they named Shorakapok. The inhabitants of this village were Lenape (len‐AH‐pay), also known as the Delaware Tribe. The villagers spoke a language called Munsee, a dialect of the Eastern Algonquian Delaware language. The wigwam was a family’s house. The Lenape built wigwams by first putting long poles into the ground, then bending the poles to make a domed frame. The frame was covered with sheets of bark. The opening in the roof was to let smoke out from the fire. Lenape Man. http://www.mrwanat.info/lipson‐ Territory of the Lenape engel/lenape/lenape1.html The land was good for farming, and the Lenape grew maize, beans and squash. They also fished and gathered oysters in the nearby water, and hunted deer, bear, beaver, and many other animals.
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