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Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Citation Catalog

Commenter Title Response Continental Divide National Scenic Trail Management Tool: Managing Recreational Uses April 5, 2019, Table 1: Authorizing Aaron Clark Plan/Analysis consistent with material Special Uses on the CDT: Considerations to Assist with Environmental Analysis and Decision-Making Economic Impact of Mountain Biking Inclusive results. Article covers a subgroup of the CGNF recreation in the Custer . JAMES N. MAPLES, PhD user groups. Similar methodology, though USDA FS refrains from Adam Oliver MICHAEL J. BRADLEY, PhD citation of other economic contribution studies due to result Report submitted to Outdoor Alliance: November 2018 sensitivity with respect to study assumptions and scope. Study funded by Outdoor Alliance Adam Rissien Gonzalez Et Al 2007. Cited Ruediger, B. et.al. 2000. Canada lynx conservation assessment and strategy. USDA Forest Service, USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Adam Rissien and USDI National Park Service. Forest Service Publication #R1-00-53, Missoula, citation catalogs MT. at 2-8. Watershed Condition Classification Technical Guide. United States Department of Adam Rissien This was cited in DEIS Agriculture Forest Service FS-978. July 2011 Cougar response to a gradient of human development. 2017. Maletzke, B., B. Kertson, M. Swanson, G. Koehler, R. Beausoleil, R. Wielgus, and H. Cooley. 2017. Ecosphere 8(7):e01828. 10.1002/ecs2.1828. School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 USA. Wildlife Science Group, School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment, General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Allyson Miller University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA. Washington species, inclusive in project level analysis Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2218 Stephanie Brooke, Wenatchee, Washington 98801 USA. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 3515 State Highway 97A, Wenatchee, Washington 98801 USA.

Demographic influences on cougar residential use and interactions with people in western Washington. 2013. Kertson, B.N.* Spencer, R.D., Grue, C.E. School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA (BNK) Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1775 12th Avenue NW, Suite 201, Issaquah, WA 98027, USA (RDS; General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Allyson Miller deceased) United States Geological Survey, Washington Cooperative Fish and species, inclusive in project level analysis Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA (CEG) Journal of Mammalogy, 94(2):269–281,

Washington State Cougar Management Plan. Washington Department of Fish General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Allyson Miller And Wildlife. species, inclusive in project level analysis

Considered - topic was considered and covered by alternative Andy Lashinski Facts and Myths about Snowmobiling and winter trails citations; unlcear how citation should be used Considered - topic was considered and covered by alternative Anne Millbrooke Lessons from yellowstone the wildlife news citations Considered - topic was considered and covered by alternative Anne Millbrooke Science Proves Mountain Biking Is More Harmful Than Hiking citations Bertzky, B., Corrigan, C., Kemsey, J. et al. (2012). Protected planet report 2012: Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero tracking progress towards global targets for protected areas. IUCN, Gland, citation catalogs Switzerland and UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.

Bruner, A.G., Gullison, R.E., Rice, R.E. & da Fonseca, G.A.B. (2001). Effectiveness of Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero parks in protecting tropical . Science, 291, 125-128. citation catalogs

Bunce, R.G.H., Bogers, M.M.B., Evans, D. et al. (2013). The significance of habitats Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero as indicators of biodiversity and their links to species. Ecol. Indic., 33, 19-25. citation catalogs

Butchart, S.H.M., Scharlemann, J.P.W., Evans, M.I. et al. (2012). Protecting Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero important sites for biodiversity contributes to meeting global conservation citation catalogs targets. PLOS ONE, 7 (3): e32529, 1-8. Dietz, M. S., R. T. Belote, G. H. Aplet, and J. L. Aycrigg. 2015. The world’s largest wilderness protection network after 50 years: An assessment of ecological system Barb Cestero Cited in FEIS representation in the U.S. National Wilderness Preservation System. Biological Conservation 184:431–438. Effects of Recreation on Animals Revealed as Widespread through a Global Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero Systematic Review. By: Courtney L. Larson , Sarah E. Reed, Adina M. citation catalogs Merenlender, Kevin R. Crooks; 2016

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 1 Commenter Title Response Barb Cestero Gallatin Forest Partnership Map. 2018. Public comment, not cited Barb Cestero Gallatin Forest PartnershipAgreement Final. January 2018 This was reviewed but not cited Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L.; Dante-Wood, S. Karen; Hoang, Linh; Ho, Joanne J.; Joyce, Linda A., eds. 2018. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero in the Northern . Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRSGTR-374. Fort Collins, citation catalogs CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Hessburg, P. F., D. J. Churchill, A. J. Larson, R. D. Haugo, C. Miller, T. A. Spies, M. P. North, N. A. Povak, R. T. Belote, P. H. Singleton, W. L. Gaines, R. E. Keane, G. H. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero Aplet, S. L. Stephens, P. Morgan, P. A. Bisson, B. E. Rieman, R. B. Salter, and G. H. citation catalogs Reeves. 2015. Restoring fire-prone Inland Pacific landscapes: seven core principles. Landscape Ecology 30:1805–1835.

Identifying Corridors among Large Protected Areas in the United States. Belote Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero EtAl. 2016. citation catalogs Keeley, A. T. K., P. Beier, and J. W. Gagnon. (n.d.). Testing landscape resistance Barb Cestero surfaces dervied from habitat suitability on prospecting movements. Landscape Wildlife- Connectivity; covered with similar work Ecology. Larson, A. J., R. T. Belote, M. Williamson, and G. H. Aplet. 2013. Making Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero monitoring count: project design for active adaptive management. Journal of citation catalogs Forestry 111:348–356. Margules, C.R. & Pressey, R.L. (2000). Systematic conservation planning. Nature, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero 405, 243-253. citation catalogs National Vegetation Classification System, Version 2, Feb. 2008. (2008). Barb Cestero Vegetation Subcommittee, Federal Geographic Data Committee. FGDC-STD-005- Plan and Analysis consistent with this material 2008. Naughton-Treves, L., Holland, M.B. & Brandon, K. (2005). The role of protected Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero areas in conserving biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods. Annu. Rev. Env. citation catalogs Res., 30, 219-252. Olson, D.M. & Dinerstein, E. (1998). The global 200: A representation approach to Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero conserving the Earth’s most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conserv. Biol., 12, citation catalogs 502-515 Rodrigues, A.S.L., Andelman, S.J., Bakarr, M.I. et al. (2004). Effectiveness of the Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero global protected areas network in representing species diversity. Nature, 428, 640- citation catalogs 643. Wilderness Inventory and Evaluation criteria are set by planning Barb Cestero Table 2: Ecosystem Compostion of Wilderness Inventory rule policy, followed that process and used same sources of information for entire forest. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero Table 3: Custer Gallatin National Forest Ecosystem Representation citation catalogs Wilderness Inventory and Evaluation criteria are set by planning Barb Cestero Table 4: Wilderness Inventory Unit Analysis of Ecosystems Composition rule policy, followed that process and used same sources of information for entire forest. Wilderness Inventory and Evaluation criteria are set by planning Barb Cestero Table Supporting Custer Gallatin National Forest Wilderness Inventory Map rule policy, followed that process and used same sources of information for entire forest. The Next 50 Years: Opportunities for Diversifying the Ecological Representation of Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero the National Wilderness Preservation System citation catalogs within the Contiguous United States US Geological Survey, Gap Analysis Program (GAP). (2011). National Land Cover, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Barb Cestero version 2, August 2011. Accessed 15 January 2014 citation catalogs US Geological Survey, Gap Analysis Program (GAP). (2012). Protected Areas Barb Cestero Database of the United States (PAD-US), version 1.3, combined feature class, Nov. Other, similar data used 2012. Accessed 15 January 2014 Barb Cestero USDA Custer Gallatin National Forest Federal Representation Map No review needed, Submitted as part of public comment Barb Cestero USDA Custer Gallatin National Forest Wilderness Inventory Map No review needed, Submitted as part of public comment WOLVERINE – WINTER RECREATION RESEARCH PROJECT:INVESTIGATING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WOLVERINES AND WINTER RECREATION FINAL REPORT; Barb Cestero Similar work by same author cited DECEMBER 15, 2017; By: HEINEMEYER, KIMBERLY S., JOHN R. SQUIRES, MARK HEBBLEWHITE, JULIA S. SMITH, JOSEPH D. HOLBROOK, AND JEFFREY P. COPELAND

Woodley, S., Bertzky, B., Crawhall, N. et al. (2012). Meeting Aichi target 11: What Barb Cestero Not directly relevant to CGNF plan revision does success look like for protected area systems? Parks, 18, 23-36.

Rosston, K. (2018, August). Retrieved from Deparment of Public Health Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Bella O'Neill and Human Services: citation catalogs

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 2 Commenter Title Response

Mahalovich MF, Kimsey MJ, Winward S. 2017. Adaptive capacity and climate Similar work used in EIS: Mahalovich, M. F., M. J. Kimsey, and S. refugia for interior Pinus albicaulis. Forest Genetics 2017: Health and productivity Winward. Genetic refugia: A bottoms-up approach to identifying Bonnie Rice under changing environments. A joint meeting of WFGA and CFGA, University of climate refugia for whitebark pine. U.S. Department of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, June 26-29, 2017. Agriculture, Forest Service, August 5-10 2018.

Carol Allen Bischke, Concepts for Increasing IBMP Effectiveness, (Aug. 14, 2017) unable to find doc Conditions favouring Bromus tectorum dominance of endangered sagebrush Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carol Allen steppe ecosystems. Reisner, Michael D.; Grace, James B.; Pyke, David A.; citation catalogs Doescher, Paul S. 2013. Journal of Applied Ecology. Craig R. Miller & Lisette P. Waits, The History of Effective Population Size and Genetic Diversity in the Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carol Allen Yellowstone Grizzly (Ursus arctos): Implications for Conservation, 100(7) PNAS citation catalogs 4334 (Apr. 1, 2003). Craighead et al., The Grizzly Bears of Yellowstone Their Ecology in the Carol Allen Yellowstone Ecosystem, General - General book on grizzly bears in the area 1959-1992 (ISLAND PRESS 1995)

Carol Allen Geremia et al., Status Report on the Yellowstone Bison Population, (Sept. 2017). Cited

Halbert et al., Genetic Population Substructure in Bison at Yellowstone National Considered - the genetic and population viability of bison is Carol Allen Park, Journal of Heredity: 1–11 (Advance Access published Feb. 8, 2012). considered and covered by alternative citations

Julie L. Tesky, Bos bison. In: Fire Effects Information System, (U.S. Department of Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carol Allen Agriculture, Forest citation catalogs Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, 1995)

Michael F. Proctor et al., Genetic Analysis Reveals Demographic Fragmentation of Grizzly Bears Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carol Allen Yielding Vulnerably Small Populations, 272 Proceedings of the Royal Society B citation catalogs 2409 (Sept. 20, 2005). Montana Dept. of Livestock, Recommended Adjustment to the Adaptive Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carol Allen Management Plan for the citation catalogs Interagency Bison Management Plan (IBMP), (June 3, 2013). P.J. White et al., Management of Yellowstone bison and brucellosis transmission Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carol Allen risk – Implications for citation catalogs conservation and restoration, 144 Biological Conservation 1322 (2011). Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carol Allen Public Broadcasting Service, The Buffalo War (Matthew Testa, bullfrog films 2001) citation catalogs U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Final Environmental Impact Carol Allen Statement for the Interagency Bison Management Plan for the State of Montana Exhisting policy and Yellowstone National Park, Vol. 1–3 (Aug. 2000). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Amendment Listing the Grizzly Bear of the 48 Carol Allen Conterminous States as a Exhisting policy Threatened Species, 40 Fed. Reg. 31734 (July 28, 1975). U.S. Forest Service, Region 2, Regional TES Species Program Leader Nancy Carol Allen Warren, American Bison cannot find to review R2 Individual Species Recommendations, (Apr. 1, 2011). U.S. Government Accountability Office, YELLOWSTONE BISON Interagency Plan and Agencies' Considered - the topic of disease management in bison was Carol Allen Management Need Improvement to Better Address Bison-Cattle Brucellosis considered and covered by alternative citations Controversy, (Report to Congressional Requesters GAO–08–291) (Mar. 2008). U.S. National Park Service, Environmental Impact Statement for a Management General/Exhisting policy - general information and management Carol Allen Plan for Yellowstone- considerd and coverd by other citation and ongoing policy Area Bison, 80 Fed. Reg. 13603 (Mar. 16, 2015).

Yellowstone National Park, USDA APHIS Bison Research and Collection Permit Considered - bison management and in particular disease Carol Allen GonaCon study, (May 12, 2011). management is considered and covered by alternative citations

We reviewed the report and comments citing it. We did not cite the work because the concerns and/or findings associated with it Craighead, Lance, Wilderness, Wildlife, and Ecological Values of the Hyalite- Clinton Nagel were addressed with plan components and/or analyses which Porcupine-Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area, 2015. Page 6, 8, 17 were supported by peer reviewed published science as well as local Forest Service data. Hansen, Andrew and Phillips, Linda, Ecosphere, “Trends in vital signs for Greater Clinton Nagel Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Yellowstone: application of a Wildland Health Index”, 2018 Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Colin Cooney Montana Natural Heritage - SOC Report. Animal Species of Concern, 2018. citation catalogs

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 3 Commenter Title Response

D. N. , 1990, Ecological impacts of wilderness recreation and their management, Cory BlackEagle in Hendee, J. C. , Stankey, G. H. , and Lucas, R. C. , Wilderness Management: Topic covered by other sources Golden, Colorado, North American Press, pp. 425-466.

T. , and Dale, D. , 1978, Trampling effects of hikers, mortorcycles and horses in Cory BlackEagle More recent information available meadows and forests: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 15, pp. 451-457

Cristina Harmon Can Vail-area herds ever recover? Wildlife managers talk decline Not reliable - news article Mountain Journal: Can Greater Yellowstone’s Wildlife Survive Industrial Strength Recreation? A contrast between two different organizations—one devoted to Cristina Harmon Not reliable - popular article tackling real issues shaping our region, the other running away from hard discussions about impacts of industrial-strength recreation, by Todd Wilkinson

Although not specifically cited, the 2020 Forest Plan is generally PA486DEIS719.6.848_Moore1994ConflictsMultipleUse.pdf - Conflicts on Multiple- CTVA consistent with the principles presented in this document, to the Use Trails: Synthesis of the Literature and State of the Practice degree appropriate in a programmatic land management plan.

PA486DEIS719.705_Byron2002b_PaperTrail.pdf Article about environmental groups and funding. Not directly CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2002/03/11/stories/headline/1a2.txt - relevant to the CG NF Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. Following the paper trail; By Eve Byron, IR Staff Writer - 03/11/02 PA486DEIS719.705_Byron2002c_Funding.pdf Article about environmental groups and funding. Not directly CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2002/03/10/stories/headline/7a1.txt - Groups relevant to the CG NF Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. draw money from across the U.S.; By Eve Byron, IR Staff Writer - 03/10/02

PA486DEIS719.711_Furillo2017MiningCaseCA.pdf http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article140239443.html - Sacramento County Article about environmental groups and funding. Not directly CTVA reeling from jury’s $107 million verdict against it in mining case; By Andy Furillo, relevant to the CG NF Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. 3/22/20176:47:00 PM PA486DEIS719.703_CatesCarney2015_BullTrtRecoverSuit.pdf Article about environmental groups suing another agency (FWS) http://mtpr.org/post/environmental-groups-suing-over-bull-trout-recovery-plan - about a bull trout recovery plan. The 2020 Forest Plan is CTVA Environmental Groups Suing Over Bull Trout Recovery Plan, By Corin Cates- consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not Carney • Oct 7, 2015 inform the analysis. PA486DEIS719.703_Whitney2016_CabinetYaakGrizzlySuit.pdf Article about environmental groups suing over grizzly bears. The http://mtpr.org/post/environmental-group-sues-over-cabinet-yaak-grizzlies - CTVA 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with all law, regulation and policy. Environmental Group Sues Over Cabinet-Yaak Grizzlies, By Eric Whitney • Feb 11, This article does not inform the analysis. 2016 Article about environmental groups. Not directly relevant to the CTVA https://www.greendecoys.com/ - Green Decoys homepage CG NN Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. PA486DEIS719.712_GreenDecoys_April2015.pdf https://www.greendecoys.com/wp- Article about environmental groups. Not directly relevant to the CTVA content/uploads/2015/05/GreenDecoys_Update_April2015.compressed.pdf - CG NN Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. HOW RADICAL ENVIRONMENTALISTS ARE USING “SPORTSMEN’S” GROUPS AS CAMOUFLAGE Article about environmental groups. Not directly relevant to the CTVA https://www.greendecoys.com/montana/ - Green Decoys Montana homepage CG NN Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. PA486DEIS719.703_CBD2016.pdf Article about ESA litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2016/monarch- CTVA with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not inform the butterfly-01-05-2016.html - Lawsuit Launched for Endangered Species Act analysis. Protection of Monarch Butterflies PA486DEIS719.493_Kuglin2014_FSandLitigation.pdf http://helenair.com/news/local/law-of-the-land-how-litigation-has-shaped-the- Article about litagation. Not directly applicable to the Forest Plan CTVA forest/article_75dab06b-cc05-5e1d-be2d-2e524c6c596f.html - Law of the land: Revision process. How litigation has shaped the Forest Service; Tom KuglinNov 9, 2014

PA486DEIS719.493_Byron2002_ProtectingEnvironment.pdf http://helenair.com/news/from-backpacks-to-briefcases-for-many-protecting-the- Article about litagation. Not directly applicable to the Forest Plan CTVA environment-has/article_01b70cbe-04dc-5656-bca5-d0e517b58d73.html - From Revision process. backpacks to briefcases, for many protecting the environment has become a big bucks business in Montana; By Eve Byron, IR Staff Writer - 03/10/02

PA486DEIS719.703_AWR2015.pdf https://allianceforthewildrockies.org/awr-files- Article about site-specific project litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is CTVA lawsuit-east-reservoir-project/ - AWR Files Lawsuit: East Reservoir Project, consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not 5/12/2015 inform the analysis. PA486DEIS719.703_AWR2014.pdf https://allianceforthewildrockies.org/judge- Article about site-specific project litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is CTVA hebgen-logging-project-needs-usfws-assessment-for-bears-lynx/ - Judge: Hebgen consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not Logging Project needs USFWS Assessment for Bears, Lynx, 12/9/2014 inform the analysis.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 4 Commenter Title Response

PA486DEIS719.703_AWR2014b.pdf https://allianceforthewildrockies.org/judge- Article about site-specific project litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is clarifies-usfs-must-analyze-new-acres-before-logging-in-swan/ - Judge Clarifies CTVA consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not USFS must Analyze New Acres before Logging in Swan, Dec 9, 2014 by Rob inform the analysis. Chaney

PA486DEIS719.703_BDC2011.pdf http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/environmental-groups-no- Article about site-specific project litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is strangers-to-courthouse/article_f7af6bb4-58d0-11e0-bf05-001cc4c03286.html - CTVA consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not Environmental groups no strangers to courthouse, From the Green Town, USA inform the analysis. series, By DANIEL PERSON and CARLY FLANDRO, Chronicle Staff Writers, Mar 28, 2011 PA486DEIS719.703_NECvsUSFS2005JimtownProject.pdf http://www.ntc.blm.gov/krc/uploads/194/2h%20- %20Native%20Ecosystems%20Council%20v%20US%20Forest%20Service%20-- Article about site-specific project litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is %20Jimtown.pdf - NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS COUNCIL, Plaintiff--Appellant, v. UNITED CTVA consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not STATES FOREST SERVICE, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; inform the analysis. DWIGHT CHAMBERS, acting supervisor, ; KATHLEEN MCALLISTER, Acting Regional Forester for Region One U.S. Forest Service; DALE BOSWORTH, Chief of United States Forest Service, Defendants--Appellees.

PA486DEIS719.703_CaseLaw2010.pdf http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th- circuit/1510094.html - NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS COUNCIL ALLIANCE FOR THE WILD Article about site-specific project litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is ROCKIES WILDWEST INSTITUTE v. Sitz Angus Ranch; Gary L. Clark; Moose Creek CTVA consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not Grazing Association; Max L. Robinson, Sr.; Max J. Robinson, Jr.; Montana inform the analysis. Stockgrowers Association; Montana Wool Growers Association, Intervenors- Appellees. PA486DEIS719.703_CaseLaw2012.pdf http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th- circuit/1612126.html - NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS COUNCIL, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. Article about site-specific project litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is CTVA Leslie WELDON, in her official capacity as Regional Forester of Region One of the consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not U.S. Forest DWM Service; United States Forest Service, an agency of the U.S. inform the analysis. Department of Agriculture, Defendants–Appellees.

PA486DEIS719.703_BR_Complaint.pdf https://allianceforthewildrockies.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/06/04-19_BR_Complaint.pdf - ALLIANCE FOR THE WILD Article about site-specific project litigation. The 2020 Forest Plan is CTVA ROCKIES and NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS COUNCIL, Plaintiffs, vs. ABIGAIL KIMBELL, consistent with all law, regulation and policy. This article does not Regional Forester; UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE, and UNITED STATES FISH inform the analysis. AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, Defendants.

DEIS719.465_RealClimateScienceBlog2017.pdf Blog, containing posts refuting climate change. Does not provide https://realclimatescience.com/2017/07/latest-from-the-greenland-meltdown/ - CTVA literature or context specific toissues relevant to forest plan Blog: July 4, 2017 : Coldest July Temperature Ever Recorded In The Northern revision. Hemisphere PA486DEIS719.8_USDAFS2003_B_DsocialAssessment.pdf - Social Assessment of CTVA Both statistics are available in NVUM reports for the Forest. the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest Cannot locate the information referenced in the letter; website CTVA http://co2now.org/ - CO2.earth website appears to indicate increasing CO2 levels.CG uses other literature to discuss climate change and carbon.

PA486DEIS719.60_MIDNR2011_MapXcountryCycleTrail.pdf https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/ORV-Map- Citation is a series of maps from Michigan. Not relevant to the CG CTVA ofLP_Legal_2_331706_7.pdf - Michigan Dept. of Natuarl Resources: Designated NF planning area or the Forest Plan Revision process. ORV, ATV, Motorcycle and MCCCT Trails, map PA486DEIS719.60_MI_undated_MCCCT.pdf Citation is a series of maps from Michigan. Not relevant to the CG CTVA https://www.vvmapping.com/trails/MCCCT.html - Michigan Cross Country Cycle NF planning area or the Forest Plan Revision process. Trail (MCCCT) maps, from Web page of Michigan Cross Country Trail Maps

PA486DEIS719.60i.96t_EastForkRockOHVtrailsOregon.pdf Citation is a website about an OHV trail system in Oregon. Not http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/centraloregon/recreation/cohvops/efrindex.shtml link CTVA relevant to the CG NF planning area or Forest Plan Revision not correct, this link goes to East Fork Rock OHV trail system - East Fork Rock OHV process. Trail System PA486DEIS719.60j_MendocinoNFOHVtrails.pdf Citation is a website about OHV trails on the Mendocino NF. Not CTVA http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/mendocino/recreation/ohv/ correct link - Mendocino NF relevant to the CG NF planning area or Forest Plan Revision OHV trails web page process. PA486DEIS719.60k_GiffordPinchotNFOHVtrails.pdf Citation is a website about OVH trails on the Gifford Pinchot NF. CTVA http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/recreation/trailbikes/documents/trails5269small.pdf Not relevant to the CG NF planning area or Forest Plan revision (link incorrect: correct link) - Gifford Pinchot NF web page process. PA486DEIS719.60h_PaiuteATVtrailUtah.pdf Citation is a website about the Paiute ATV trail. Not relevant to CTVA http://www.marysvale.org/paiute_trail/contents.html - Paiute ATV trail: Web the CG NF planning area or Forest Plan revision process. page provides an overview of the trail

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 5 Commenter Title Response PA486DEIS719.60.96w_USDAFS_undated_CanfieldButteMap.pdf Citation is a website about trails in Idaho. Not relevant to the CG CTVA http://www.stayontrails.com/assets/content/maps/Canfield-Butte-trail-map.pdf - NF planning area or Forest Plan Revision process. Welcome to the Canfield Mountain Trail System. PA486DEIS719.60f_USFSWallowaWhitmanOHVtrails.pdf http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/wallowa- Citation is a website about trails on the Wallowa Whitman. Not CTVA whitman/recreation/ohv/?cid=stelprdb5303096 - Wallowa Whitman OHV relevant to the CG NF planning area or Forest Plan Revision trailsWeb page provides a short description of trails and links to more specific process. trails PA486DEIS719.60a_BoiseNFMVUMmaps.pdf Citation is a website regarding MVUM for the Boise NF. Not CTVA http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/boise/maps-pubs/?cid=STELPRDB5053223 - relevant to the CG NF planning area or the Forest Plan Revision Motor vehicle use maps Web page of MVUMs process.

PA486DEIS719.60_USDAFS_SawtoothNF_2017_MVUMFairfieldRD.pdf Citation is a website regarding MVUM for the Sawtooth NF. Not CTVA http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/sawtooth/maps-pubs/?cid=stelprdb5421960 - relevant to the CG NF planning area or the Forest Plan Revision Sawtooth MVUMs process.

PA486DEIS719.104_RidgetoRiversWebsite.pdf http://www.ridgetorivers.org/ - Citation is specific to urban and motorized trails in Boise, ID. It is CTVA Ridge to Rivers website (need to pdf?) not relevant to the CG NF or Forest Plan Revision process.

CTVA http://www.snowtana.com/News/Stories/OHVregister.html ? Citation is unavailable; no review was done. PA486DEIS719.60.96o_WallRidenour_2004_MapDanskinsMtnOHV.pdf Citation is website regarding MVUM for the Boise NF. Not CTVA http://www.stayontrails.com/assets/content/maps/Danskin-Mountains-map.pdf - relevant to the CG NF planning area or the Forest Plan Revision Danskin Mountain (Boise NF) process. Document is an example map of a trails mapping tool. The CG NF PA486DEIS719.23_IDtrailsMappingTool.pdf http://www.trails.idaho.gov/trails/ - used a collaborative mapping tool to engage the public on existing CTVA Idaho Trails mapping tool and desired uses. This example map is not relevant to the CG NF and is therefore not specifically cited.

PA486DEIS719.51_MTRecreationalTrailsProgram.pdf http://www.fwp.state.mt.us/parks/trails/trailgrantapps.asp link doesn’t work, Document is specific to funding and trail programs for the State of CTVA found info at this link - Montana State Parks: RECREATION GRANTS, Recreational Montana, and is not applicable to NFS lands or policy. Trails Program Document shows the results of a poll specifically of users of the PA486DEIS719_PublicOpinionStrategies2006_PollWCO.pdf GMUG in Colorado. The users and landbase are not necessarily (http://www.sharetrails.org/uploads/PL/GMUG/GMUG_Survey_Key_Findings.pdf CTVA consistent with that of the CG NF. The CG NF considered public - Public Opinion Poll on Western Colorado Forest Management Issues, Key comments throughout the Forest Planning process associated Findings with desired recreational opportunities.

https://youtu.be/3DpxP7R4aLw - YouTube video: The Global Warming is a Does not provide literature or context specific toissues relevant to CTVA Business.Documentary from 2007 forest plan revision. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCy_UOjEir0 - YouTube video, 2015. Nobel Does not provide literature or context specific toissues relevant to CTVA Laureate Smashes the Global Warming Hoax forest plan revision. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s99z2yRmqiM - YouTube video, 2012. Dr Does not provide literature or context specific toissues relevant to CTVA David Evans on Global Warming forest plan revision. Effects of nonmotorized recreation discussed in FEIS (elk and PA486DEIS719.750_FreddyEtAl1986.pdf - Responses of Mule to Disturbance CTVA Canada lynx sections, for example) using other more recent and by Persons Afoot and Snowmobiles relevant literature. PA486DEIS719.452_NCARsciencedaily2007FiresCO2.pdf http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071101085029.htm Emissions from fire is analyzed in the FEIS including more recent CTVA publication from Wiedinmyer. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2203970/pdf/1750-0680-2- 10.pdf - US Fires Release Large Amounts Of Carbon Dioxide PA486DEIS719.208_NVsilverstateOHVtrails.pdf Exact link not accessible; related to OHV trail system in aother CTVA http://nvtrailmaps.com/trail.php?trail=708 (site blocked to USDA users, but area. Not directly relevent to the CG NF or the Forest Plan found similar info at this link) - Chief Mountain and Silver State Trail Systems Revision process.

http://www.marysvale.org/paiute_trail/contents.html - A Guide to the Trail Examples of urban trails. Not relevant to the CG NF or the Forest CTVA (multiple pages within website, pdf needed?) Plan Revision process. (http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/nvum/revised_vis_est.pdf) - NVUM CTVA ROUND 1 OUTPUT Forest Service is aware of NVUM data and used it in the FEIS FOREST-LEVEL VISITATION AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS PA486DEIS719.334_USDAFS2008NVUM.pdf https://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/nvum/nvum_national_summary_fy2 CTVA Forest Service is aware of NVUM data and used it in the FEIS 007.pdf - National Visitor Use Monitoring Results, USDA Forest Service, National Summary Report, Data collected through FY2007 PA486DEIS719.474_BlueRibbonMagazine2005.pdf General article about trail conflict issues. The CG NF considered CTVA http://www.sharetrails.org/magazine.cfm?story=705 - R.S. 2477: The Legal Battle information more relevant to the planning area regarding trail Continues uses.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 6 Commenter Title Response

PA486DEIS719.796d_Website_PlayCleanGo_org.pdf http://playcleango.org/ - General best management practices already in place. No further CTVA Website: PlayCleanGo: STOP INVASIVE SPECIES IN YOUR TRACKS review needed.

PA486DEIS719.205_OutdoorIndustryAssn2012OutdoorRecEconRpt.pdf Industry wide economic contributions are a much more broad CTVA https://outdoorindustry.org/pdf/OIA_OutdoorRecEconomyReport2012.pdf - The economic context than specific expenditures for the purpose of Outdoor Recreation Economy visitation to National Forests. PA486DEIS719.53.84_USFSstreamNotesJuly2007_TrailErosion.pdf Information is not relevant to the Forest Plan Revision process or CTVA http://www.stream.fs.fed.us/ link didn’t work, found doc at this link - The WEPP analysis; site specific trail construction and maintenance are not Road Batch Model: A Tool for Reducing Erosion from Trails addressed with this programmatic planning effort.

PA486DEIS719.329_MTEQC2015SummaryRdInfo.pdf http://mediatrackers.org/assets/uploads/2015/09/MT-National-Forest-Roads.pdf - Information not relavant to the 2020 Forest Plan or plan CTVA Summary of Road Information for Montana’s National Forest System.HJ13 components. Study—Environmental Quality Council PA486DEIS719.376_NTSA1999 .pdf http://nplnews.com/toolbox/fedlaws/68nattrails.pdf - Law, regulation and policy. This law is considered in the FEIS CTVA ACT (AND RELATED LAWS); [As Amended Through Public Law 106–170, Dec. 31, analysis and the 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with it. 1999] PA486DEIS719.499.502.582.618_FSOHVrule2005.pdf Law, regulation, and policy for travel management. The 2020 http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/ohv/final.pdf - 36 CFR Parts 212, 251, CTVA Forest Plan is not a travel planning document. It is consistent with 261, and 295; Travel Management; Designated Routes and Areas for Motor applicable law, regulation, and policy. Vehicle Use; Final Rule Link does not access the indicated article. Motorized access and http://www.nanpa.org/docs/PublicLandsAccess.pdf - Goes to Southeast CTVA effects are addressed in the FEIS with information that is relevant Federation Mineralogical Societies Inc. page on Public Lands Access to the CG NF. Link does not access the indicated article. Motorized access and http://www.amfed.org/sfms/public-lands-access.html - Goes to Southeast CTVA effects are addressed in the FEIS with information that is relevant Federation Mineralogical Societies Inc. page on Public Lands Access to the CG NF. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/species-environmental-group-added- CTVA Link does not point to a specific article; no review was done. endangered-list-37702951 - Link NA, general ABC news website

websites such as: http://www.greateryellowstone.org http://wildmontana.org/orvspubland.htm , http://www.wildlands.org http://montana.sierraclub.org http://www.sierraclub.org , http://www.wildmontana.org http://www.wildrockies.org, Lists of non-motorized groups are not directly relevant to the CG CTVA http://www.wildrockies.org/TECI/ , http://www.wildlandscpr.org ; NF Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. http://maps.wildrockies.org/orv/ ; http://www.wildrockiesalliance.org ; http://www.friendsofthebitterroot.org ; and http://www.montanawildlife.com (click on “activism” or “issues” or “news”) - List of non-motorized groups

PA486DEIS719.713_USFS_TMSH_IDTnotes2015.pdf http://www.helenamt.gov/fileadmin/user_upload/TMCWP/Documents/March_1 Meeting notes about a site-specific project. Not relevant to the CG CTVA 1_2015_notesFinal.pdf - Meeting notes from TSH Restoration Collaborative NF Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. Committee and Wildlife considerations/notes for TSH project

PA486DEIS719.713_USFS_TMSH_WLnotes2015.pdf http://www.helenamt.gov/fileadmin/user_upload/TMCWP/Documents/wildlife_ Meeting notes about a site-specific project. Not relevant to the CG CTVA document.pdf - Meeting notes from TSH Restoration Collaborative Committee NF Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. and Wildlife considerations/notes for TSH project

CTVA http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/centraloregon/recreation/cohvops More local information used PA486DEIS719.366_Collins2000LockedOutPublicLands.pdf http://www.hcn.org/servlets/hcn.Article?article_id=5735 - Locked out of the Motorized access and effects are addressed in the FEIS with CTVA public lands, Rich folks are blocking the public domain, say hunters and ORV information that is equally or more relevant to the CG NF. riders.Katharine Collins|April 24, 2000 | PA486DEIS719.736_Gevock2005_ElkKillUp25percent.pdf News article, not a scientific paper. Information is not directly CTVA http://www.mtstandard.com/articles/2005/11/30/outdoors/hjjeiigjjcefjb.txt - Elk applicable to the forest plan revision process. kill up 25% By Nick Gevock of The Montana Standard - 11/30/2005

PA486DEIS719.731.759_CBSnews2007.pdf News article, not a scientific paper; information is national in scale CTVA http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/09/03/national/printable3228893.shtml - and not direcly applicable to the CG NF. Number Of Hunters In U.S. Declining September 3, 2007 PA486DEIS719.738_Byron2009_ElkManagementAttitudes.pdf http://www.helenair.com/articles/2009/04/26/state/top/55st_090426_elk.txt - News article; not a scientific paper. Not directly applicable to the CTVA Changing attitudes stymie elk managers, by EVE BYRONIndependent Record - forest plan revision process. 04/26/2009

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 7 Commenter Title Response

PA486DEIS719.701_Byron2003_CaveGulchlogging.pdf Newspaper article about a past site-specific logging project. Not CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2003/01/23/helena_top/a01012303_03.txt - relevant to the 2020 Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. Deal cuts plan's size in half, By Eve Byron, IR Staff Writer - 01/23/03

PA486DEIS719.701_Byron2005_SnowTalonTS.pdf Newspaper article about a past site-specific logging project. Not CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2005/12/07/helena/a09120705_01.txt - relevant to the 2020 Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. Timber sale reduced by 85%, By EVE BYRON - IR Staff Writer - 12/07/05

PA486DEIS719.568_Chaney2017GNPmusselsboating.pdf http://missoulian.com/news/state-and-regional/glacier-park-easing-boating- Newspaper article about boating restrictions in Glacier NP. Not CTVA restrictions-due-to-mussels/article_c2c6ca03-24b2-5caf-89ba-14ab7c0c02de.html directly applicable to the CG NF Forest Plan Revision process. - Glacier Park easing boating restrictions due to mussels, ROB CHANEY [email protected], 3/17/2017 PA486DEIS719.474_Baird2006_SLCtribuneLawsuitMoot.pdf Newspaper article about road conflict in Utah; not directly CTVA http://www.sltrib.com/utah/ci_4194188 - Environmentalists: Court rules issue is applicable to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Revision process. settled, suit is moot PA486DEIS719.703_Whitney2014_GallatinNFtimberhalted.pdf Newspaper article about site-specific projects. Not relevant to the CTVA http://mtpr.org/post/judge-halts-gallatin-national-forest-timber-sale - Judge CG NF Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. Halts Gallatin National Forest Timber Sale , By Eric Whitney • Dec 5, 2014

DEIS719.465_Bodkin2017_CCresearch.pdf http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/09/18/immediacy-threat-climate- change-exaggerated-faulty- Newspaper article. Discusses research that climate is warming CTVA models/?WT.mc_id=tmgoff_ob_usa_popular_articles_651510304&utm_source=t more slowly than predicted earlier. Does not provide literature or mgoff&utm_medium=ob&utm_content=usa_popular_articles&utm_campaign=t context specific toissues relevant to forest plan revision. mgoff_ob_usa_popular_articles_651510304 - Climate change not as threatening to planet as previously thought, new research suggests

PA486DEIS719.458_Samuelson2015-temperature.pdf Newspaper article. Focused on renewable energy versus fossile http://helenair.com/news/opinion/samuelson-can-we-set-the-world-s- CTVA fuels. Not relevant to the issues or the decision being made with temperature/article_77d8e350-a70e-5795-b78b-f1d196d2ab94.html - Samuelson: forest plan revision on the CG NF. Can we set the world's temperature? https://drive.google.com/open?id=10Xr4jKhHLvqlX5YP6zaG6HtHe9n1mqFz - Iowa Not directly applicable to CGNF plan area, Better more local CTVA Off-Highway Vehicle Operations, Operators, Expenditures and Economic Impacts information used February 1, 2019

https://drive.google.com/open?id=10Xr4jKhHLvqlX5YP6zaG6HtHe9n1mqFz - Not directly applicable to CGNF plan area, Better more local CTVA Outdoor Recreation Satellite Account: Updated Statistics for 2012-2016 information used

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1DyqTdM16RtbkgqlK3M8_mpqsMvHgUeP5 - Not directly applicable to CGNF plan area, Better more local CTVA MO-MOTO OHV Incorporated – OHV Tourism Economic Impact Overview information used

https://drive.google.com/open?id=17qfQbBcrJ2KzdlyMIik96Xp3-Pbxy6JF - The Not directly applicable to CGNF plan area, Better more local CTVA Economic and Fiscal Impact of the Hatfield-McCoy Trail System in West Virginia information used

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1RwtpbDJkO-0SJ-QRfNxfbLcRqbk6yvOs - Not directly applicable to CGNF plan area, Better more local CTVA Economics of Idaho Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation information used

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1zPTDw5_LeUjUwS5FwKGErcowRWJsWNIt - Economic Importance of Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation: An Analysis of Idaho Not directly applicable to CGNF plan area, Better more local CTVA Counties information used 2014 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1GFIJW4HkflwVIkdJPaqRhQTK3qOeDfYS - A Not directly applicable to CGNF plan area, Better more local CTVA Snapshot of the Economic Impact of Outdoor Recreation information used 2012 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1wwMCfo_EapnTtvyzKU8pJCBfIDuoD2-n - Not directly applicable to CGNF plan area, Better more local CTVA Economic Impact of Off-Highway Recreation in the State of Arizona information used 2019

PA486DEIS719.489.833_Byron2010_ImpassableFSroads.pdf Not peer reviewed. The relative impacts of wildfire and motorized http://helenair.com/news/article_633fdef8-6a1c-11df-8dcf- CTVA uses on the resources of the CG NF are analyzed with other 001cc4c002e0.html?print=1 - Area forests hazardous to impassable; By EVE literature citations. BYRON Independent RecordMay 28, 2010 PA486DEIS719.624_Erb2018CDNSTrepairsafterfire.pdf https://mtstandard.com/lifestyles/recreation/volunteers-repair-fire-damaged- CTVA continental-divide-national-scenic-trail/article_2a9e64db-11a0-5e66-8a9c- Not relevant to the Forest Plan Revision process. 2528d4bcd173.html - Volunteers repair fire-damaged Continental Divide National Scenic Trail; JORDAN ERB [email protected] Jul 12, 2018

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 8 Commenter Title Response PA486DEIS719.51_MTgasTaxRates.pdf http://www.mdt.state.mt.us/administration/gastaxrefund.html (link doesn’t Not specifically relevant to Forest Plan revision. The economic CTVA work) similar information at this link - Montana Department of Transportation benefits of motorized uses are aknowledged as appropriate in the www.mdt.mt.gov Instructions for Agricultural Standard Deduction FEIS and assessment. RefundApplication for Montana’s Diesel or Gasoline Tax PA486DEIS719.51_MTOHVGrantsProgram.pdf Not specifically relevant to Forest Plan revision. The economic http://www.fwp.state.mt.us/parks/ohvgrantaward.asp link did not work but CTVA benefits of motorized uses are aknowledged as appropriate in the found information at this link - Montana State Parks: RECREATION GRANTS Off- FEIS and assessment. Highway Vehicle Program PA486DEIS719.498_GFTribune2014PublicInput.pdf http://www.greatfallstribune.com/story/news/local/2014/06/30/public-gives- CTVA Opinion article input-forest-plan/11822303/ - Public gives input on forest plan; Kristen Cates, [email protected] Published 8:07 p.m. MT June 30, 2014

PA486DEIS719.494_Anderson2018_GreenGroupsFunding.pdf https://helenair.com/opinion/columnists/guest-view-green-groups-rely-on-dark- Opinion article, not directly relevant to the CG NF Forest Plan CTVA money-too/article_b89dcaad-fe1f-5838-8652-349c3a0059c9.html - Guest view: Revision process. Green groups rely on dark money too; TERRY L. ANDERSON Jul 6, 2018

PA486DEIS719.460_Forsyth2016MythsGlobalWarming.pdf http://www.greatfallstribune.com/story/opinion/guest- Opinion newspaper article.Does not provide literature or context CTVA opinions/2016/05/05/global-warming-myths-facts/83973362/ - Myths about specific toissues relevant to forest plan revision. global warming are not facts PA486DEIS719.702_Kollmeyer2005_SnowTalonTS.pdf Opinion piece about past site-specific salvage sales. Not relevant CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2005/07/17/opinions/a04071705_03.txt - to the CG NF Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. Timber suit disappointing, By Jane Kollmeyer - 07/17/05 Jul 17, 2005

PA486DEIS719.703_Allen2015_ArticleAWRlawsuits.pdf http://missoulian.com/news/opinion/columnists/alliance-for-wild-rockies-should- Opinion piece on site-specific projects. Not relevant to the CG NF CTVA work-on-projects-not-lawsuits/article_2d7b5def-8653-5283-a8ab- Forest Plan Revision process or analysis. c9f4414c76ea.html - Alliance for Wild Rockies should work on projects, not lawsuits , DAVID ALLEN, Aug 27, 2015 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1xmsuQt1oqjX2UBzDLsoNiLI8RfRA4LTT - CTVA Montana Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles – Fuel-Use and Spending Patterns Other similar information used 2013

https://drive.google.com/open?id=191gqaUyfxSQLfz7hY7k2t6FgGDtUPaVI - The Economic Contributions of Outdoor Recreation: Technical Report on Methods CTVA Other similar information used and Findings 2012 PA486DEIS719.811_Simon20068thFISC.pdf http://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/FISC_1947- 2006/pdf/1st-7thFISCs-CD/8thFISC/Session%2010C-3_Simon.pdf - Evaluation Of Paper is related to channel bank and edge effects in low gradient CTVA The Importance Of Channel Processes In Ceap-Watershed Suspended-Sediment agriculture systems (Iowa, Nebraska, etc.) Yields

Petition/opinion - credentials of signatories are provided but does CTVA http://www.petitionproject.org/ - Global Warming Petition Project not provide literature or context specific toissues relevant to forest plan revision. PA486DEIS719.812_FSStreamNotesJuly2006.pdf and PA486DEIS719.812_FSStreamNotesJanuary2008.pdf - July 2006: Using Multiple Indicators to Detect Geomorphic Channel Changes in Response to Wildfire by CTVA Plan and analysis consistent with this work Ronna J. Simon and January 2008: Post-fire Erosion and the Effectiveness of Emergency Rehabilitation Treatments over Time by Lee H. MacDonald and Peter R. Robichaud PA486DEIS719.451_Booker2009_PolarBearExpertCC.pdf http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/christopherbooker/5664069/P Polar bear populations are not directly relevant to issues on the CTVA olar-bear-expert-barred-by-global-warmists.html - Polar bear expert barred by CG NF. global warmists DEIS719.792_NieEtAl2017_FishWildlifeMgmtonFederalLands_PP.pdf http://www.cfc.umt.edu/bolle/files/Fish%20WildlifeMgmtonFederal%20Lands_P Powerpoint presentation. USFS follows existing legal CTVA owerpoint_August2017.pdf - FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ON FEDERAL requirements. LANDS: DEBUNKING STATE SUPREMACY.Power point presentation, 2017

PA486DEIS719.748_WardCupal1976ElkStudy.pdf - Telemetered Heart Rate of CTVA Preliminary study with very limited sample size; also very dated. Three Elk as Affected by Activity and Human Disturbance PA486DEIS719.248_SundingEtAl2003EconCostsHabitat.pdf - The Economic Costs Quantitative valuation of ecosystem services such as habitat are of Critical Habitat Designation: Framework and Application to the Case of not provided due to incompleteness of potential cost/benefit CTVA California Vernal Pools, By David Sunding, Aaron Swoboda and David Zilberman analysis.Key ecosystem services are reviewed qualitiatively by February 20, 2003 alternative.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 9 Commenter Title Response

Recreation economics are viewed differently by the National Forest System, than by the Industry.Accounting for Forest related visitor use spending, the National Forest only considers non- durable good expenditures within fifty miles of the Forest PA486DEIS719.201_AZStateParks2003_OHVeconomics.pdf, boundary.This article is contenctually considered in that CTVA http://www.gf.state.az.us/pdfs/w_c/OHV%20Report.pdf Link NA, correct link - recreation economics were reviewed in the contribution model Economic Importance of Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation to Arizona and are not expected to change as a result of the Forest Plan decision.The spectrum of motorized uses available remains, and visotor patterns remain linked to greater economic and cultural trends, as oppose to management area designation.

Recreation economics are viewed differently by the National Forest System, than by the Industry.Accounting for Forest related visitor use spending, the National Forest only considers non- PA486DEIS719.211_BEA2018_OutdoorRecReport.pdf, durable good expenditures within fifty miles of the Forest https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/industry/orsa/2018/pdf/orsa0218.pdf (link boundary.This article is contenctually considered in that CTVA didn’t work, found report at this link) - Outdoor Recreation Satellite Account, recreation economics were reviewed in the contribution model Prototype Estimates, 2012-2016, Outdoor recreation accounts for 2.0 percent of and are not expected to change as a result of the Forest Plan GDP in 2016 decision.The spectrum of motorized uses available remains, and visotor patterns remain linked to greater economic and cultural trends, as oppose to management area designation.

Recreation economics are viewed differently by the National Forest System, than by the Industry.Accounting for Forest related visitor use spending, the National Forest only considers non- durable good expenditures within fifty miles of the Forest DEIS719.250t_NOHVCC2018_hatfieldmccoy-trails-presentation.pdf - boundary.This article is contenctually considered in that CTVA Presentation: A trail system for economic development, 2017 NOHVCC recreation economics were reviewed in the contribution model conference, Manchester, NH and are not expected to change as a result of the Forest Plan decision.The spectrum of motorized uses available remains, and visotor patterns remain linked to greater economic and cultural trends, as opposed to management area designation.

PA486DEIS719.811_BunteAbt2001.pdf http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr074.pdf - Sampling Surface and Reference deals with physical properties of sediment CTVA Subsurface Particle-Size Distributions in Wadable Gravel- and Cobble-Bed mobilization. Nothing about trail erosion as noted in the Streams for Analyses in Sediment Transport, Hydraulics, and Streambed Description. National Core BMPs will be followed. Monitoring. PA486DEIS719.742_SchultzBailey1978_ElkRspsHumanActivity.pdf - Responses of National Park Elk to Human Activity. By: Richard D. Schultz and James A. Bailey; Reference is only relevant to habituated populations (e.g., in a CTVA Source: The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 42, No. 1 (Jan., 1978), pp. 91- national park). 100 PA486DEIS719.736_DavisEtAlNPS2005YellowstoneWinterWildlife.pdf http://www.nps.gov/yell/parkmgmt/upload/winterrec05.pdf - WILDLIFE Report focuses on a habituated population; not relevant outside CTVA RESPONSES TO MOTORIZED WINTER RECREATION IN YELLOWSTONE 2005 habituated areas as indicated by other literature ANNUAL REPORT, by P.J. White and Troy Davis Yellowstone Center for Resources & Dr. John Borkowski, Montana State University

DEIS719.200_VellaEtAl2013_OutdoorRecAndPTSD.pdf - Participation in Outdoor Similar work has been cited in FEIS in relation to health benefits of CTVA Recreation Program Predicts Improved Psychosocial Well-Being Among Veterans recreation. With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study

1. PA486DEIS719.200F_KawashimaUndatedNeuroAging.pdf, 2. PA486DEIS719.200_kawashima2009_Motorcycles.pdf, 1. http://www.dijtokyo.org/events/SMP_DAY1_Kawashima.pdf, 2. http://motocrossactionmag.com/Main/News/MOTORCYCLES-MAKE-YOU- Similar work has been cited in FEIS in relation to health benefits of CTVA SMARTER-Japanese-Study-Discov-5756.aspx (link doesn’t work, correct link) - recreation. 1.Neuroscience and Smart Aging, PowerPoint by Ryuita Kawashima; 2.Motorcycles Make You Smarter: Japanese Study Discovers A Link Between Riding And Thinking PA486DEIS719.200_WindinHairElderlyRider.pdf, http://helenair.com/news/local/wind-in-her-hair--year-old-darby-woman- Similar work has been cited in FEIS in relation to health benefits of CTVA has/article_2f235871-baa3-5747-9a9d-3c6c77e7ef2c.html (link didn’t work, but recreation. found article at this link) - Wind in her hair: 86-year-old Darby woman has been riding motorcycles for 70 years

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 10 Commenter Title Response http://www.drroyspencer.com/2010/01/december-2009-uah-global-temperature- Specific article not found. The CG NF uses other literature to CTVA update-0-28-degree-c/ - Dr. Roy Spencer website discuss climate change issues. PA486DEIS719.743_SwarthoutSteidl2003EffectsHikingOnOwls.pdf - Experimental CTVA Effects of Hiking on Breeding Mexican Spotted Owls; Elliott C. H. Swarthout* And Spotted owl do not occur in the planning area. Robert J. Steidl Subject of recreation visitation, motorized and non-motorized, PA486DEIS719.8.9.10_CordellEtal2005_OHVinUS_NSRE.pdf - Off-Highway Vehicle and economic benefits associated with it are summarized and CTVA Recreation in the United States, Regions and States: A National Report from the analyzed using current peer reviewed expenditure data, as well as National Survey on Recreation and the Environment (NSRE) methodology. PA486DEIS719.206_Sylvester2014MTRecOHVFuelUseSpending.pdf Subject of recreation visitation, motorized and non-motorized, http://www.bber.umt.edu/search/..%5Cpubs%5Csurvey%5CMontanaOHVStudy2 and economic benefits associated with it are summarized and CTVA 013.pdf - Montana Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles, Fuel Use and Spending analyzed using current peer reviewed expenditure data, as well as Patterns 2013 methodology. Subject of recreation visitation, motorized and non-motorized, PA486DEIS719.250r_SilbermanAnderick2006EconValue.pdf and economic benefits associated with it are summarized and CTVA http://www.trailsintrouble.org/References/EconomicValueOfOHV-2007.pdf - analyzed using current peer reviewed expenditure data, as well as Economic Value of Off Highway Vehicle Recreation 2006 methodology. Subject of recreation visitation, motorized and non-motorized, DEIS719.250u_FHA2017_connecting-communities-trails.pdf - Connecting and economic benefits associated with it are summarized and CTVA Communities:Integrating Transportation and Recreation Networks, How do OHVs analyzed using current peer reviewed expenditure data, as well as connect communities? methodology. PA486DEIS719.760_CaseLaw1993.pdf Substantially more research on the effects of motorized vehicles http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/printer_friendly.pl?page=us/509/579.html - CTVA has been conducted with corrisponding effects on legal United States Supreme Court: DAUBERT v. MERRELL DOW PHARMACEUTICALS, obligations to minimize effects. INC., (1993); No. 92-102 Argued: March 30, 1993Decided: June 28, 1993

http://www.fs.fed.us/t- The 2020 Forest Plan is a programmatic document and does not CTVA d/atv_trails_site/index.htmlandhttp://www.nohvcc.org/Resources/great- address site-specific trail design. trails/resources - EPA/USFS Website: Sustainable ATV Trails PA486DEIS719.844_CrimminsNOHVCC2006.pdf The 2020 Forest Plan is a programmatic document and does not CTVA http://atfiles.org/files/pdf/crimminsNOHVCC.pdf - Management Guidelines for address site-specific trail planning, design, or maintenance. Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation

The 2020 Forest Plan is a programmatic document and does not CTVA http://www.nohvcc.org/home - NOHVCC home page address site-specific trail planning, design, or maintenance.

PA486DEIS719.845_GreatTrails2015-NOHVCC-Intro.pdf http://www.greatohvtrails.com/ - National Off-Highway Vehicle Conservation The 2020 Forest Plan is a programmatic document and does not CTVA Council website, reference to Great Trails book, introduction downloaded and address site-specific trail planning, design, or maintenance. saved/linked http://www.usda.gov/da/5600-2.pdf - U.S. Forest Service; Departmental The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with all applicable law, CTVA Regulation 5600-2 regulation, and policy.

https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5110264.pdf - The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with all law, regulation and CTVA Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 242 / Friday, December 18, 2009 / Notices policy. This article does not inform the analysis.

PA486DEIS719.313_MWAvsUSFSWSAruling2002.pdf The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with law, regulation, and policy CTVA https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F3/314/314.F3d.1146.01- regarding WSAs. 35713.01-35690.html - MWAvUSFSWSAdecision2002 PA486DEIS719.313_MWAvsUSFSWSAruling2008.pdf The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with law, regulation, and policy CTVA http://www.earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/library/legal_docs/findings-and- regarding WSAs. recs-of-judge-in-gallatin-orv-travel-plan.pdf%20 - MWA lawsuit on Gallatin NF

PA486DEIS719.313_MWAvsUSFSWSAruling2011b.pdf The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with law, regulation, and policy CTVA https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCOURTS-ca9-09-36051/pdf/USCOURTS-ca9-09- regarding WSAs. 36051-0.pdf - MWA lawsuit on Gallatin NF http://www.mtvra.com/Docs/1989%20CDNST%20Decision%20Notice.PDFandhttp The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with law, regulation, and policy CTVA ://www.mtvra.com/Docs/1989%20CDNST%20Decision%20Notice%20Maps.PDF - related to the CDNST, including the issue of motorized uses. The Reference is to the DN and FONSI for the CDNST, 1989 specific link does not work and the document is not cited.

The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with law, regulation, and policy http://mtvra.com/Docs/Kimbell%20Letter%20CDNST%20Feb%201%202006.PDF - related to the CDNST, including where existing motorized routes CTVA Reference is to letter from RF in Feb. 2006 certifying that part of the CDNST are the the potential for re-routing the trail. There is no need to would remain motorized, or alternative routes would be established cite this specific document. PA486DEIS719.550_FSSIAtrainingcourseInfo.pdf http://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nepa/includes/sia.html - SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS CTVA The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with the 2012 planning rule. (SIA): PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES TRAINING COURSE (1900-03), course description

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 11 Commenter Title Response

PA486DEIS719.624_FS2005ruleNewsRelease2006.pdf http://www.fs.fed.us/news/2006/releases/12/ce-statement.shtml - Finalized The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with the latest law, regulation, CTVA Forest Service Rule Improves the Forest Planning Process and Increases Public and policy. Involvement--WASHINGTON, DECEMBER 12, 2006 AT 12:00 PM EST

PA486DEIS719.703_AWRDeschutesCase2015.pdf http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2017/09/08/14-35505.pdf - WILD WILDERNESS; WINTER WILDLANDS ALLIANCE; BEND BACKCOUNTRY ALLIANCE, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. JOHN ALLEN, Forest Supervisor of the The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with the latest law, regulation, Deschutes National Forest; UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE, a federal agency, policy, and scientific information regarding grizzly bears. The CTVA Defendants-Appellees, and OREGON STATE SNOWMOBILE ASSOCIATION; analysis uses a body of literature more recent and relevant to the AMERICAN COUNCIL OF SNOWMOBILE ASSOCIATIONS; KEN ROADMAN; ELK LAKE CG NF. RESORT, Intervenor-Defendants-Appellees.Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Oregon; Thomas M. Coffin, Magistrate Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted October 5, 2016 Portland, Oregon+B256:C269 PA486DEIS719.719_BillingsGazette2013.pdf The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with the latest law, regulation, http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/research-grizzlies- policy, and scientific information regarding grizzly bears. The CTVA not-so-dependent-on-pine-nuts/article_c2f5c901-65ad-5d5a-a975- analysis uses a body of literature more recent and relevant to the f40864cbc563.html - Research: Grizzlies not so dependent on pine nuts, CG NF. Associated Press, Nov 8, 2013 PA486DEIS719.720_Baumann2014_GrizzlyDelisting.pdf The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with the latest law, regulation, http://helenair.com/news/local/fwp-chief-says-grizzly-delisting- policy, and scientific information regarding grizzly bears. The CTVA nearing/article_f007e220-dcc5-11e3-a9ea-0019bb2963f4.html - FWP chief says analysis uses a body of literature more recent and relevant to the grizzly delisting nearing, By LISA BAUMANN Associated Press, May 16, 2014 CG NF.

The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with the latest law, regulation, PA486DEIS719.724_Cappiello2008_GrizzliesThriving.pdf policy, and scientific information regarding grizzly bears. The CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2008/09/17/top/55st_080917_grizzlies.txt - analysis uses a body of literature more recent and relevant to the Grizzlies thriving in Montana, By DINA CAPPIELLO - Associated Press - 09/17/08 CG NF. The 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with the latest law, regulation, PA486DEIS719.727_MTlegislature2014Agenda.pdf policy, and scientific information regarding grizzly bears. The CTVA http://leg.mt.gov/css/Committees/interim/2013-2014/EQC/Meetings/May-14-15- analysis uses a body of literature more recent and relevant to the 2014/may-14-15-2014.asp - The Montana Legislature, EQC meeting inforamtion CG NF. PA486DEIS719.331_Byron2015RdAccessGated.pdf http://helenair.com/news/local/road-accessing-national-forest-land-gated- The 2020 Forest Plan is not a travel management document. This CTVA locked/article_f9d0dbde-4655-11e2-a8d3- article about a specific gated area is not relevant to the CG NF 0019bb2963f4.html?print=true&cid=print - Road accessing NF land gated, locked Forest Plan Revision process. (December 15, 2012 article) PA486DEIS719.486_WikipediaConfirmationbias.pdf The 2020 Forest Plan is not a travel plan document. Information is CTVA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias - Confirmation bias; From not directly applicable to theCG NF or hte Forest Plan Revision Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia process. PA486DEIS719.524_FS_MVUM_schedule2006.pdf http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/ohv/travel_mgmt_schedule.pdf - CTVA The 2020 Forest Plan is not a travel planning document. Motor Vehicle Use Map (MVUM) Development in Support of the Travel Management Rule (36CFR212) PA486DEIS719.524_FS2006TravelMgtletter.pdf http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/ohv/letter_plus_attachment.pdf - CTVA The 2020 Forest Plan is not a travel planning document. Travel Management, Schedule for Implementation; letter from Chief Bosworth, June 8, 2006 The 2020 Forest Plan provides programmatic strategic planning for motorized uses. The citation provided is national in scope and PA486DEIS719.69.88_USGAO2009_EnhancedPlanning.pdf provides recommendations that are broadly consistent with the CTVA http://www.gao.gov/Products/GAO-09-509 - Enhanced planning could assist forest planning effort. Utilizing specific information from the agencies in managing increased use of off-highway vehicles publication would not help further inform the 2020 Forest Plan or FEIS. PA486DEIS719.272_McKee2003WoodUseIncreases.pdf - Residents turn to wood The availability of firewood is addressed as appropriate in the CTVA as natural gas prices soar, Helena IR 2003 Other Forest Products section of the FEIS. PA486DEIS719.193_Census.gov.2012Data.pdf, http://www.census.gov/population/age/data/2012.html (link didn’t work, found The census data provided is not directly applicable to the CG NF CTVA data at this link) - Census.gov: Age and Sex Composition in the United States: Forest Plan Revision process. 2012 PA486DEIS719.24_DOJMT2012VehicleRegistrations.pdf The CG NF 2020 Forest Plan and FEIS acknowledge the popularity https://doj.mt.gov/driving/mvd-by-the-numbers/2012-total-vehicle-registrations- and contributes of OHV use as appropriate. This document is at a CTVA statewide/ correct link: https://media.dojmt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012-Total- statewide level and is not specifically relevant to the CG NF or the Vehicle-Registrations-by-County.pdf - DOJMT Motor Vehicle Registrations 2012 Forest Plan revision process.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 12 Commenter Title Response

PA486DEIS719.291a_Walsh2014PhotographerRetracesHike.pdf https://mtstandard.com/lifestyles/outdoors/photographer-retraces-bob-marshall- The CG NF followed the wilderness inventory and evaluation CTVA s-epic-hike-in-spirit/article_a84bfa47-f841-5ae8-9f95-a9fc08e20a07.html - procedure in the FSH 1909.12, Chapter 70. Photographer retraces Bob Marshall's epic hike in 'spirit'

The CG NF FPR considered the existing trail network and the need for the Plan to support all types of recreation uses and PA486DEIS719.26.72.291bi_GAOreportPublicLandTrails2013.pdf - FOREST maintenance needs over time, including but not limited to CTVA SERVICE TRAILS: Long- and Short-Term Improvements Could Reduce Maintenance leveraging partnerships. Specific information and figures from this Backlog and Enhance System Sustainability document are at a broader scale and would not further inform the Plan or FEIS analysis. The CG NF used a collaborative mapping tool to engage the public https://idaho.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=2252207eb95 CTVA on existing and desired uses. This example mapping tool is not b49f99b2c05228831dfbb - Idaho Trails interactive map site used or necessary to further inform the revision process.

The CG NF uses a body of science related to climate change and http://www.climatesciencewatch.org/ - Climate Science and Policy Watch CTVA potential impacts. Opposing literature is not provided at this site; website it is an opinion piece. PA486DEIS719.250n_Silberman2003EconImportanceOHV.pdf - The Economic The economic contribution of OHV use in the CG Plan Area has Importance Of Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation, Economic data on off-highway CTVA been considered using information relevant to the plan area. This vehicle recreation for the State of Arizona and for each Arizona County Study, information is specific to Arizona. Jonathan Silberman, PhD. Prepared by School of Management

PA486DEIS719.250j.250s_BergerGroupInc2009EconContribOHV The economic contribution of OHV use in the CG Plan Area has http://cohvco.org/economics/main.html CTVA been considered using information relevant to the plan area. This https://cohvco.org/forms/2009_Economic_Contribution_Full_Report.pdf - information is specific to Colorado. Economic Contribution of Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation in Colorado

The economic contribution of OHV use in the CG Plan Area has https://drive.google.com/open?id=1FjuRpCfb71dpBkl3-ifOkdK75LSvKewD - CTVA been considered using information relevant to the plan area. This Economic Contribution of Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation in Colorado information is specific to Colorado. PA486DEIS719.250p_SchneiderSchoenecker2005ATVinMN.pdf The economic contribution of OHV use in the CG Plan Area has CTVA https://www.tourism.umn.edu/research/ATVReport.pdf - All-terrain Vehicles in been considered using information relevant to the plan area. This Minnesota: Economic impact and consumer profile, information is specific to Minnesota. PA486DEIS719.250k_EnglishEtAl_TNOHVecomicImpact.pdf The economic contribution of OHV use in the CG Plan Area has CTVA http://www.state.tn.us/environment/ohv/econimpact.pdf (link didn’t work, been considered using information relevant to the plan area. This found similar here) - Tennessee OHV Economic Impact, A $3.4 Billion Industry, information is specific to Tennessee.

The economic contributions of OHV use are acknowledged in the PA486DEIS719.28.51.73.250e.pg240_ORNL_DavisEtal1999_FuelUsed.pdf FEIS and Assessment. This publication provides information about http://www-cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL_TM_1999_100.pdf - CTVA OHV fuel use at a statewide level and is over 20 years old; it does Fuel Used for Off-Road Recreation: A Reassessment of the Fuel Use Model.Stacy not provide additional information critical to the recreation or C. Davis, Patricia S. Hu, Lorena F. Truett, 7/1/1999 economics analysis.

P486DEIS719.291fi_USDAFS2011BarkBeetleOutbreak.pdf, The EIS analyzes the causal effects of recent insect activity, and https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/barkbeetle/home/?cid=stelprdb5340741 potential future activity, using a variety of literature sources CTVA USDAFS2011BarkBeetleOutbreak.pdf - Review of the Forest Service Response: equally or more relevant to the plan area; and addresses the The Bark Beetle Outbreak in Northern Colorado and Southern Wyoming effects of land allocations such as wilderness areas.

PA486DEIS719.291fiii_FINAL_Watershed_Study_072307.pdf The EIS analyzes the causal effects of recent insect activity, and http://www.pinchot.org/gp/Colorado_watersheds - Protecting front range forest, potential future activity, using a variety of literature sources CTVA Watersheds from high-severity wildfires an assessment by the Pinchotinstitute for equally or more relevant to the plan area; and addresses the conservation funded by the Front range fuels treatment partnership effects of land allocations such as wilderness areas.

The FEIS acknowledges the increase in OHV use in a general fashion, and in context to the CG NF. The demands for all types of PA486DEIS719.8_USDAFS2004RecUpdate3.pdf - Recreation Statistics Update, recreation, inclusing OHV use, were considered in the CTVA Update Report No. 3: Trends and Demographics of Off-road Vehicle Users development of the 2020 Forest Plan and in the FEIS analysis. The specific statistics listed in this document are national in scope and are not necessary for inclusion in the FEIS.

PA486DEIS719.812_WiedinmyerNeff2007CarbonFromFires.pdf The impact of fires and fossil fuel emissions to carbon http://www.cbmjournal.com/content/pdf/1750-0680-2-10.pdf - Carbon Balance CTVA sequestration and climate change is addressed with other and Management Research: Estimates of CO2 from fires in the United States: literature more or equally relevant to the CG NF. implications for carbon management

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 13 Commenter Title Response

PA486DEIS719.791_MarionWimpey2007.pdf; PA486DEIS719.791_Cessford1995.pdf; PA486DEIS719.791_ChavezEtAl1993.pdf; The impacts of various recreation uses, including motorized and PA486DEIS719.791_FritzEtAl1993.pdf; PA486DEIS719.791_GanderIngold1997.pdf; CTVA nonmotorized uses, is addressed in the FEIS using information PA486DEIS719.791_GoeftAlder2001; PA486DEIS719.791_Hellmund1998Trails-for- that is equally or more relevant to the CG NF plan area. Wildlife-Handbk.pdf - Environmental Impacts of Mountain Biking: Science Review and Best Practices By Jeff Marion and Jeremy Wimpey

http://www.visitid.org/Outdoor/ATV.html,http://www.marysvale.org/,http://ww The importance of OHV tourism on the CG NF is addressed as w.trailscout.com/,http://www.transamtrail.com/main.htm,http://www.motorcycl CTVA appropriate in the FEIS and Assessment using information equally eexplorer.com/,http://www.visitnorthidaho.com/wallace.html - Various websites or more relevant to the CG NF plan area. that display OHV tourism (need to pdf)

PA486DEIS735_Hamilton1997_WildlifeEffects.pdf - A Partial Literature Review Of The information presented is largley dated and the outcomes are The Effects Of Various Human Activities On Wildlife; Compiled By Nora Hamilton, CTVA less than clear to differentiate the effects of motoroized versus Bureau Of Land Management, National Technical Assistant For Trails, September, nonmorotorized recreation on wildlife. 1997. PA486DEIS719.451_Inhofe2006HotColdMedia_SenateSpeech.pdf http://epw.senate.gov/speechitem.cfm?party=rep&id=263759 - Hot & Cold The issue of climate change and associated impacts are addressed CTVA Media Spin Cycle: A Challenge To Journalists Who Cover Global Warming Senator with a body of literature more relevant to theCG NF and reliable. James Inhofe, Chairman, Senate Environment And Public Works Committee; This is a speech and not a literature citation. Senate Floor Speech Delivered: Monday September 25, 2006

PA486DEIS719.451_TolEtAl_SciencePolicy2006_IPCCcritique.pdf The issue of climate change and associated impacts are addressed CTVA http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/admin/publication_files/resource-2803- with a body of literature more relevant to theCG NF and reliable. 2010.06.pdf , - Opinion: Save the Panel on Climate Change! This is an opinion piece. PA486DEIS719_Cox2010_cities.pdf The issue of climate change has been addressed with a body of CTVA http://www.newgeography.com/content/001689-how-much-world-covered- other literature more relevant to the CG NF and the Forest Plan cities - How Much of the World is Covered by Cities? | Newgeography.com Revision process.

PA486DEIS719.457_Johnson2016GlobalCooling.pdf The issue of climate change has been addressed with a body of http://mtstandard.com/news/opinion/guest/global-cooling-far-more-devastating- other literature more relevant to the CG NF and the Forest Plan CTVA than-global-warming/article_64881f44-dfd0-59e6-be31-afca10a84bff.html - Revision process. This citation is an opinion article, not a peer- 'Global cooling' far more devastating than global warming. Guest View: EA reviewed source. Johnson PA486DEIS719.812_BBCnews2003 The issue of post-fire erosion is addressed with information more CTVA http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3164843.stm - Fire-ravaged Portugal relevant to the CG NF. faces erosion PA486DEIS719.745_SwearingenJohnson1994_SignBarrierResearch.pdf - Keeping The issue of sign usage and visitor damage at Mount Ranier is not CTVA Visitors on the Right Track - Sign and Barrier Research at Mount Rainer", Park directly relevant to the 2020 Forest Plan or analysis. Science 14(4) published in 1994 PA486DEIS719.741_HarrisonEtAl_USFS1993_SoundLevelsMotorcycles.pdf - The issue of sound and recreation experiences is addressed in the CTVA Sound Levels of Five Motorcycles Travelling Over Forest Trails, Rock Creek ORV FEIS and Assessment using information that is equally or more Area.Harrison, Makel and Besse.USFS 1993 relevant to the CG NF plan area. The issue of sound is addressed as appropriate in the FEIS using PA486DEIS719.796c_CAsoundlaw2003.pdf information more relevant to the CG NF Plan area. The 2020 CTVA http://ohv.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23037 - State of CA, OHV Sound Regulations Forest Plan is consistent with all applicable law, regulation, and 2003? policy. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/candidate/assessments/2014/r6/B06W_V02.pdf;https:/ The issue of sound is addressed as appropriate in the FEIS using /www.doioig.gov/docs/InformationQualityGuidelines.pdf;http://www.fws.gov/inf information more relevant to the CG NF Plan area. The 2020 CTVA ormationquality/;http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/candidate/assessments/2014/r6/B06 Forest Plan is consistent with all applicable law, regulation, and W_V02.pdf - Comment/refs related to sage grouse policy.

The issue of the health benefits of outdoor recreation is PA486DEIS719.200_Uken2014MTsuicideRates.pdf - Montana suicides continue CTVA addressed with other information equally or more relevant to the to creep up; rate remains twice the national average CG NF. PA486DEIS719.202_Koch2013WildfireSmoke.pdf http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/10/24/wildfires-smoke- The issue of wildfire smoke and health is discussed in the FEIS CTVA climate-change-harm-health/3173165/ - Wildfire smoke becoming a serious using citations equally or more relevant to the CG NF. health hazard http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/recfunds.htm - Link NA, redirects to FHA CTVA The link to the citation does not work; no review was done. Apportionments, Rescissions, and Obligations webpage.

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rtbroch.htm - Link NA, redirects to FHA CTVA The link to the citation does not work; no review was done. Recreational Trails Program webpage.

CTVA http://www.mtvra.com/ - Comment to the Caribou Travel Plan Revision The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 14 Commenter Title Response

https://www.etra.net/Newsletters/2003/July2003.htm - March 2003 Presentation CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. at the National OHV Managers Meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina

http://www.prr.msu.edu/miteim/orvspend.pdf - Michigan Licensed Off-Road CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. Vehicle, Use and Users, 1998-99.

CTVA http://www.dailyinterlake.com/articles/2006/06/07/news/news06.txt - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

PA486DEIS719.296_Costco2008Debate.pdf, http://www.costcoconnection.com/connection/200901/?u1=texterity - Are we CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. doing enough to protect our national wilderness?Debate in Costco connection magazine, April 2008 (pdf didn’t work) PA486DEIS719.366_HelenaIR2003FSuseRulesUnfair.pdf CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2003/06/01/opinions/a04060103_02.txt - The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. Forest Service use rules are unfair, letter to the editor, Helena IR, 06/01/03

CTVA http://sportsmenlink.org/programs/hunter/Issues.html The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.ssfta.com/land/land.htm The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.mtvra.com/Docs/CNDST%20July%201997%20Memo.pdf The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.helenair.com/articles/2008/08/01/national/80na_080801_drill.prt - CTVA Link NA, comment references article about a lawsuit over roads and access on The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. BLM land in New Mexico http://online.wsj.com/community/groups/question-day-229/topics/should-40- CTVA million-acres-land - Link NA, comment shows graphic from the Wall Street Journal The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. poll results regarding opening lands to mining, logging and other uses

http://www.mtstandard.com/articles/2007/04/01/state_top/20070401_state_to CTVA p.prt - Link NA, comment references this article, regarding governor Schweitzer’s The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. speech about public lands, 2007

http://www.backpacker.com/poll/0,3189,,00.html - Link NA, comment references CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. a Backpacker Magazine poll where 96% thought that ATVs should be allowed in

CTVA http://www.sepp.org/Archive/NewSEPP/LttrtoPaulMartin.html, The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.kscourts.org/ca10/datefile/datefile.htm - 10th circuit decision CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. reaffirming RS2477 http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/sfe/Travel%20Mgt/route_designation_guide.pdf - Santa CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. Fe NF www home page, no link to cited pdf. http://ceq.eh.doe.gov/nepa/regs/ceq/toc_ceq.htm - Link NA: cited as CEQ regs CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. for guidance on limiting page numbers of NEPA docs http://www.fs.fed.us/kipz/documents/070606_kipznewsletter_issue9_color.pdf - CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. Cites KIPZ FPR newsletter, Link NA

CTVA http://www.cdfe.org/poll.htm - Cites a 2003 national voter survey, Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/resources/policies/ej/ej_guidance_nepa_epa04 CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. 98.pdf - EPA’s office of environmental justice http://ceq.eh.doe.gov/nepa/regs/ej/justice.pdf - Supposed to link to CEQ’s CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. recommendations to correct impacts to motorized recreationists

http://www.louisdb.org/documents/hearings/108/house/house-hearing-108- CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. 88929.html - Hearing on closure of Sand Mtn area to motorized recreationists.

http://ceq.eh.doe.gov/nepa/NEPA2005LitigationSurvey.pdf - Said to show that FS CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. represents ½ of all NEPA lawsuits

CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2007/01/01/montana/ao510101_2.prt The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/directory.asp The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/ecoplan/appeals/1998/fy98_stanislaus.htm The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=581924590 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=236234669 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.weedenfdn.org/grantsummaries.htm The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.fseee.org/990/ The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 15 Commenter Title Response

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=916027795 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=136062463 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=061055586 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=251127705 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=226063032 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=131684331 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=941655673 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.green-watch.com/search/gmdisplay.asp?Org=381359264 The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.weedenfdn.org/grantsummaries.htm The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.helenair.com/rednews/2002/02/08/build/headline/1A2.html The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.missoulian.com/articles/2005/12/10/news/top/news01.prt The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.fs.fed.us/r1/projects/appeal_index.shtmlandhttp://www.fs.fed.us/e CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. mc/applit/index.htm - Both links go to general FS sites

CTVA http://www.missoulian.com/articles/2007/01/14/news/mtregional/znews08.prt The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.sacbee.com/static/archive/news/projects/environment/index02.htm CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. l - Link NA Sacramento County reeling from jury’s $107 million verdict

CTVA http://www.activistcash.com/index.cfm - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://capresearch.brinkster.net/search/search.asp - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.cdfe.org/uploads/File/Battered%20Communities.pdf - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.sierraclub.org/wildlands/ORV/ORV_report.pdf - Comment references CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. Sierra club ORV manual, link NA PA486DEIS719.p193n8_WildWildernessForm.pdf CTVA http://www.wildwilderness.org/wi/report.htm - Comment references Wild The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. Wilderness Incident Reporting Forms, link NA

http://www.wildlandscpr.org/bibliographic-database-search - Comment CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. references Wildlands Center for Preventing Roads data, link NA

PA486DEIS719.716_CasperST2014.pdf http://trib.com/news/state-and- regional/wyoming-study-finds-cougars-avoid--territory/article_931a0a09- CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. 4d4a-59da-9c05-b8b9ab595e6c.html - Wyoming study finds cougars avoid wolf territory, By the Associated Press, Jun 22, 2014

http://archive.greatfallstribune.com/article/20140522/LIFESTYLE05/305220008/Bi ologists-begin-seasonal-grizzly-bear-capturing-research-management-Montana - CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. Link NA, but bomment references study in Swan Valley that OHVs are not as disturbing to grizzly as other uses. Link NA

http://mtstandard.com/news/state-and-regional/montana-feds-mull-repeal-of- CTVA grizzly-protections/article_c8ab2322-3597-56f2-b543-31004495a45d.html - Link The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. NA

CTVA http://www.r6.fws.gov/endspp/grizzly/bittereis/deischp2.htm - Link NA, The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.greatfallstribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2006612240302 - CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. Link NA

CTVA http://www.uswaternews.com/archives/arcrights/4caliwate2.html - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.fwp.state.mt.us/wildthings/wolf/wolfmanagement011602.pdfandhtt CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. p://www.fwp.state.mt.us/hunting/elkplan.html - Link NA CTVA http://library.fws.gov/nat_survey%201996.pdf - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://fwp.mt.gov/FwpPaperApps/hunting/ElkPlanFinal.pdf - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 16 Commenter Title Response http://www.helenair.com/articles/2005/12/14/montana/a10121405_04.prt - Link CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. NA http://www.fwp.state.mt.us/wildthings/wolf/wolfmanagement011602.pdf - Link CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. NA

CTVA http://www.fwp.state.mt.us/hunting/elkplan.html - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.r6.fws.gov/endspp/grizzly/bittereis/deischp2.htm - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://library.fws.gov/nat_survey%201996.pdf - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA https://www.cbsnews.com/news/number-of-hunters-in-us-declining/ - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.greatfallstribune.com/article/20110824/NEWS01/108240302/Nation CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. al-road-trail-reme - Link NA

CTVA http://www.uswaternews.com/archives/arcrights/4caliwate2.html - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.helenair.com/articles/2004/09/30/top/a01093004_01.prt - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr63.pdf - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/lab/4302/Publications/Neary_65982.pdf - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.nifc.gov/stats/fires_acres.html - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.helenair.com/articles/2006/11/07/montana/a07110706_02.prt - Link CTVA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done. NA

CTVA http://www.americantrails.org/resources/motors/index.html - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.stateparks.utah.gov/ohv/maps/strawberry_Final2.pdf - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.flyingj.com/s_tax.html - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.mdt.state.mt.us/administration/gastaxrefund.html - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.fwp.state.mt.us/parks/trails/trailgrantapps.asp - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.fwp.state.mt.us/parks/ohvgrantaward.asp - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/KeyFacts/GasTaxRates.htm - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/KeyFacts/HiwayUserFees.htm - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.njpp.org/archives/otr_gastax.html - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

CTVA http://www.bts.gov/transtu/ts2/ts2.htm - Link NA The link to this citation does not work; no review was done.

http://www.quadtrek.net/html/accueil_eg.htm - Quadtrek.net: A 10 month ATV The motorized trails included as examples are not directly CTVA adventure through relevant to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Revision process.

PA486DEIS719.396_Gaspipe2006TransAmTrail.pdf The motorized trails included as examples are not directly CTVA https://advrider.com/f/threads/bigdog-gaspipe-do-the-transam-trail- relevant to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Revision process. west.147232/ - ATV rider blog, TransAM Trail

The motorized trails included as examples from Arizona are not CTVA http://arizonapeacetrail.org/ - Arizona Peace Trail directly relevant to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Revision process.

http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/hmnf/pages/Recreation/Baldwin/bwc_Oo_atvmoto_txto The motorized trails included as examples from Michigan are not CTVA nly.pdf;Linkshouldbe:https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/hmnf/recreation/ohv/rec directly relevant to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Revision process. area/?recid=30298&actid=93 - FS site: Michigan Cross Country Motorcycle Trail

http://www.backcountrydiscoverytrail.com/index.htmlandhttp://www.intergate. The motorized trails included as examples from the Lassen are not CTVA com/~sue/4wd_Trails/cbdt_lassen/lassen_cbdt.htm - Links NA, but cited to go to directly relevant to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Revision process. the Lassen Backcountry Discovery Trail. http://www.intergate.com/~sue/4wd_Trails/cbdt_modoc/modoc_cbdt.htmandht The motorized trails included as examples from the Modoc are CTVA tp://www.intergate.com/~sue/4wd_Trails/cbdt_modoc/modoc_cbdt.htm - Links not directly relevant to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Revision NA, but cited to go to the Modoc Backcountry Discovery Trail process.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 17 Commenter Title Response

PA486DEIS719.396_RDubb2005PacificCrestQuest.pdf The motorized trails included as examples from the Pacific Crest CTVA https://advrider.com/f/threads/pacific-crest-quest-3000-miles.111885/ - Pacific Trail area are not directly relevant to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Crest Quest (a 3000 mile motorized route that follows closely to the PCT) Revision process.

The positive benefits of OHV recreation are addressed as http://ktmtalk.com/index.php?showtopic=319611 - Not specified what the title CTVA appropriate in the FEIS using information equally or more was relevant to the CG NF. The positive benefits of OHV recreation are addressed as http://www.chadman.net/upload/Ouray2008.wmv - Not specified what the title CTVA appropriate in the FEIS using information equally or more was relevant to the CG NF. The positive benefits of OHV recreation are addressed as http://ktmtalk.com/index.php?showtopic=317728 - Not specified what the title CTVA appropriate in the FEIS using information equally or more was relevant to the CG NF. The positive benefits of OHV recreation are addressed as CTVA http://www.wsatva.org/id4.htm - Not specified what the title was appropriate in the FEIS using information equally or more relevant to the CG NF. The positive benefits of OHV recreation are addressed as http://ktmtalk.com/index.php?showtopic=311192 - Not specified what the title CTVA appropriate in the FEIS using information equally or more was relevant to the CG NF. The positive benefits of OHV recreation are addressed as http://ktmtalk.com/index.php?showtopic=260664 - Not specified what the title CTVA appropriate in the FEIS using information equally or more was relevant to the CG NF. https://advrider.com/f/threads/crossing-montana-to-canada-on-dirt- The positive benefits of OHV recreation are addressed as CTVA bikes.402442/ - Crossing Montana to Canada on Dirt Bikes, online appropriate in the FEIS using information equally or more blog/forum.Need pdf relevant to the CG NF. The potential impacts of various trail uses is addressed in the FEIS PA486DEIS719.744_Cole1991_FSINT_450_SelwayTrails.pdf - Changes on Trails in CTVA using information that is equally or more relevant to the CG NF the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, Montana, 1978-89; David N. Cole plan area. The publication is national in scope, 20 years old, and not specific to the CG NF. Known information on recreation use types and PA486DEIS719.8_USDAFS_NOAA_2000_SumRpt1fromNSRE.pdf - National Survey CTVA trends was incorporated as appropriate in the FEIS and/or On Recreation and The Environment (NSRE 2000) Assessment. The recreation use numbers presented in this document would not help further inform the recreation analysis.

PA486DEIS719.313_MTWSAact1977.pdf The WSA act is included as regulatory framework in the FEIS. The CTVA https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/s393/text - Montana WSA Act of 1977 2020 Forest Plan is consistent with this framework.

PA486DEIS719.49_FSBLM3StateOHVDecision.pdf TheCG NF 2020 Forest Plan is not a travel management document. http://www.mt.blm.gov/ea/ohv/Chapter2.pdf (link in comment doesn’t work) Land management plan regulations and policy are different CTVA correct link - Off-Highway Vehicle Environmental Impact Statement And Proposed between the BLM and FS. Adjacent BLM land management plans Plan Amendment For Montana, North Dakota And Portions Of South Dakota, were considered in the cumulative effects analysis, which are USFS/BLM 2001 more recent than this FEIS which is nearly 20 years old.

TheCG NF 2020 Forest Plan is not a travel management document. http://www.mt.blm.gov/ea/ohv/FSROD.pdf - Off-Highway Vehicle Environmental Land management plan regulations and policy are different CTVA Impact Statement and Proposed Plan Amendment for Montana, North Dakota between the BLM and FS. Adjacent BLM land management plans and South Dakota (3-State OHV) decision were considered in the cumulative effects analysis, which are more recent. PA486DEIS719.366_Backus2004ATVsBanned https://mtstandard.com/news/atvs- banned-from-some-trails-in-pioneers/article_897365f9-721a-557e-a5fa- This article about ATV trail closures on the B-D is not direclty CTVA 781532dde820.html - ATVs banned from some trails in PioneersBy Perry Backus relevant to the CG NF or the Forest Plan Revision process. of The Montana Standard - 05/13/2004

PA486DEIS719.12_MFWP_2014_SCORP.pdf - 2014-2018 Statewide This citation has been included in the cumulative effects analysis CTVA Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) (other agency land management plans). PA486DEIS719.789_FS_FWP_elk_recommendations_9_27_13.pdf; http://fwp.mt.gov/fwpDoc.jsp?id=69521 - U.S. Forest Service and Montana CTVA Department of Fish Wildlife and Parks Collaborative Overview and This publication was cited in the analysis. Recommendations for Elk Habitat Management on the Custer, Gallatin, Helena, and Lewis and Clark National Forests PA486DEIS719.791_MTFWP_FallElkResourceSelectionFinalReport.pdf http://fwp.mt.gov/fwpDoc.html?id=76099 - Security areas for maintaining elk CTVA on publicly accessible lands during archery and rifle hunting seasons in This publication was cited in the analysis. southwestern Montana. Undated, by Ranglack, Garron, Rotella, Proffitt, Gude, and Canfield

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 18 Commenter Title Response This was a specific small study on the Gallatin that found displacement from horses provided the most available sediment. PA486DEIS719.746_WilsonSeney1994_ErosionalImpactsonTrails.pdf - Erosional Cannot be expanded to the level of the plan. Soil properites are CTVA Impact of Hikers, Horses, Motorcycles, and Off-Road Bicycles on Mountain Trails more important in determining erosion potential, than the in Montana mothod of conveyence.Site specific effects of specific types of recreation on trail erosion is beyond the scope of the Forest Plan Revision. DEIS719.792_NieEtAL2017_WildlifeonFederalLands.pdf http://www.cfc.umt.edu/bolle/files/WildlifeonFederalLandsDRAFTArticle_June20 CTVA USFS follows existing legal requirements. 17.pdf - FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ON FEDERAL LANDS: DEBUNKING STATE SUPREMACY DEIS719.792_WildlifeFederalBriefingPaper_June2017.pdf http://www.cfc.umt.edu/bolle/files/WildlifeFederalBriefingPaper_June2017.pdf - CTVA USFS follows existing legal requirements. FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ON FEDERAL LANDS: DEBUNKING STATE SUPREMACY, BRIEFING PAPER; 6/1/2017 PA486DEIS719.55.82_USFSTrailsUnlimitedWebsite.pdf Website is for a FS program that supports trail projects. It is not CTVA https://www.fs.fed.us/trailsunlimited/ - USFS Trails Unlimited website relevant to the Forest Plan Revision process or analysis.

PA486DEIS719.71_BLMTravelTransportationProgram.pdf Website regarding a travel management program for the BLM. http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/Recreation/recreation_national/travel_man The 2020 Forest Plan for the CG NF is not a travel management agement.print.html (link incorrect, correct link: CTVA document. The trends and status of motorized uses are https://www.blm.gov/programs/recreation/recreation-programs/travel-and- acknowledged in the Assessment and FEIS using sources more transportation - BLM’s Comprehensive Travel and Transportation Management relevant to the CG NF. (CTTM) program http://www.fs.fed.us/emc/applit/appeal_decisions.htm - FS Environmental Website related to FS appeals - not directly relevant to the CG NF CTVA Appeal Decisions website Forest Plan Revision process. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kUhLMi97dg&feature=g-user- YouTube video, opinion. Not directly relevant. The 2020 Forest CTVA lik&context=G23216abUCGXQYbcTJ33bB0U1oCKl_9bcFlhATY2tUW6mr0rdyBQc - Plan is not a travel planning document. “Access Denied - Closing Our Forests”.flv ; Carl Anthony Adams https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfVgMANjYlw - GoPro: Trail Master; YouTube video/opinion. The 2020 Forest Plan and FEIS addresses Published on Nov 27, 2016 Join Reid Brown, an Oregon Forestry Specialist and CTVA the benefits and effects of various trail uses using information trail riding enthusiast, as he shows us what it takes to build a sustainable equally or more relevant to the CG NF. existence for the sport and environment that he and so many love so much.

CTVA http://wwwcta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL_TM_1999_100.pdf #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

http://www.fs.fed.us/t- CTVA d/programs/wsa/pdfPubs/road_bmp.pdflinkdoesn’twork,foundwebsiteforT- #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) Dprogram,watershed.Linktopubsdidn’twork PA486DEIS719.60a_USFSMCCCT.pdf CTVA http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/hmnf/recarea/?recid=30298&actid=93 - #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) Michigan cross country trail overview web page

PA486DEIS719.95_IdahoParksandRecTrailRangerwebsite.pdf CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) http://www.idahoparks.org/rec/ranger1.html (link incorrect, correct link:

http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/hmnf/pages/Recreation/Baldwin/bwc_Oo_atvmoto_txto nly.pdf,http://www.advrider.com/forums/showthread.php?t=111885,http://ww w.backcountrydiscoverytrail.com/index.html,http://www.backcountrydiscoverytr ail.com/index.html,http://www.intergate.com/~sue/4wd_Trails/cbdt_lassen/lass en_cbdt.htm,http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/modoc/recreation/ohv/mbcdt.shtml,http:/ CTVA /www.intergate.com/~sue/4wd_Trails/cbdt_modoc/modoc_cbdt.htm,http://ww #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) w.smts.info/,http://4x4stories.typepad.com/4x4/2007/01/idaho_centennia_7.ht ml#more,http://www.quadtrek.net/,http://www.advrider.com/forums/showthre ad.php?t=255950,http://www.advrider.com/forums/showthread.php?t=402442, http://www.advrider.com/forums/showthread.php?t=147232 - Multiple websites (still need PDFs made) https://www.altamotors.co/redshiftsm/,http://www.ktm.com/e- CTVA ride/,http://www.trekbikes.com/us/en_US/bikes/collections/electric- #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) bikes/c/B507/, - Websites, (need to pdf)

CTVA Missoulian article, quotewizard.com #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

PA486DEIS719.200_VASuicideDataPage.pdf, https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/data- CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) sheets/OMHSP_National_Suicide_Data_Report_2005-2015_06-14-18_508- compliant.pdf link doesn’t work, found information at this link CTVA https://www.fs.usda.gov/sawtooth/projects #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 19 Commenter Title Response

CTVA https://www.state.tn.us/environment/ohv/ohvimpacts.pdf #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://sundaygazettemail.com/section/News/2007062328 #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.co.flathead.mt.us/fcpz/Natural%20Resource%20DOC.pdf #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

http://roadless.fs.fed.us/documents/feis/data/sheets/acres/appendix_forest_acr CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) es.html,http://roadless.fs.fed.us/documents/rule/roadless_fedreg_rule.pdf

http://www.sharetrails.org/index.cfm?page=39andhttp://www.sharetrails.org/in CTVA dex.cfm?page=40andhttp://www.sharetrails.org/index.cfm?page=42&magazine= #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) 50 PA486DEIS719.313_MWAvsUSFSWSAruling2011.pdf CTVA https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCOURTS-ca9-09-36051/pdf/USCOURTS-ca9-09- #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) 36051-0.pdf - MWAvUSFS2011 http://www.sharetrails.org/releases/media/?story=556andhttp://www.sharetrail CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) s.org/files/SmithRiverNraBrcAppealDecisionJan14.pdf http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kunc/news.newsmain/article/1/0/1622248/R CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) egional/Oral.Arguments.Heard.in.Roadless.Appeal http://helenair.com/news/state-and-regional/locked-gates-prevent-access-to- CTVA national-forest/article_0428b09d-0fa2-516c-a989- #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) e5738c8aee9a.html?print=true&cid=print http://www.billingsgazette.com/index.php?display=rednews/2004/04/25/build/l CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) ocal/32-land-use-protest.inc http://www.billingsgazette.com/index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2003/11/11/b CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) uild/wyoming/30-blm.inc http://www.dailyinterlake.com/NewsEngine/SelectStory.tpl?command=search&d CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) b=news.db&eqskudata=57-816431-10&search-var=multiple http://www.dailyinterlake.com/NewsEngine/SelectStory.tpl?command=search&d CTVA #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) b=news.db&eqskudata=9-816800-3&search-var=multiple

CTVA http://espn.go.com/outdoors/hunting/news/2001/1106/1274551.html #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2003/05may/slc_publandside.cfm #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.nanpa.org/docs/PublicLandsAccess.pdf #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.washington-state-rockhounding.info/Trespass-index.htm #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.sdorc.org/news/tortoise_lawsuit.html #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.washington-state-rockhounding.info/Trespass-index.htm #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.sdorc.org/news/tortoise_lawsuit.html #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.gamineral.org/land-access.html #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.paragonpowerhouse.org/bush_promises_collaboration_on_p.htm #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.delalbright.com/landuse.htm #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.off-road.com/orcland.html #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

CTVA http://www.sportsmenslink.org/articles/FinalWhitePage-Total.pdf #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

Def of Wildlife http://www.4x4wire.com/access/news/united/dea_2002.htm #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

Def of Wildlife http://responsiblerecreation.policy.net/newsroom/ #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

Def of Wildlife http://www.maccusa.com/ #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison)

https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/9849/GV_191.6 Def of Wildlife 7_T7M66_1994 #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) .pdf?sequence=1 - Conflicts on multi-use trails

Assessment (Forest Plan Revision): Final Nonforested Terrestrial Ecosystems Def of Wildlife Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Report. Custer Gallatin National Forest, Specialist Reports. February 16.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 20 Commenter Title Response

General/Considered - the citation is a book, citation is a general document outlining the conservation/management of the species Def of Wildlife Bailey, J.A. 2013. Rewilding an icon. Helena, MT. Sweetgrass Books. 238 pp. and other general information about the species covered by other citations.

Changing Fire Regimes and Forest Resilience: Past, Present, and Future. Def of Wildlife Presentation. The Science of National Forest Planning Symposium, Custer Gallatin Effects analysis consistent with this material National Forest.

Choices and Consequences of Fire Management. Presentation. The Science of Def of Wildlife Effects analysis consistent with this material National Forest Planning Symposium, Custer Gallatin National Forest.

Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS GTR-374. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, citation catalogs Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Part 1. pp. 1-273.

Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife in the Northern Rocky Mountains citation catalogs Part 2

Coltrane, J. A. and R. Sinnott. 2015. Brown bear and human recreational use of Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Def of Wildlife trails in Anchorage Alaska. Human-Wildlife Interactions 9(1): 132-147. and covered by alternative citations

Complex early seral forests of the Sierra Nevada: what are they and how can they Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Def of Wildlife be managed for ecological integrity? on this citation

General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Def of status of boreal owls in the United States. species, inclusive in project level analysis

Considering Climate Change in the CGNG Plan Revision. Presentation. The Science Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Def of Wildlife of National Forest Planning Symposium, Custer Gallatin National Forest on this citation

Dixon, B., J. Canfield, J. Barnett, C. Stasey. 2017. Assessment, Forest Plan Revision: Def of Wildlife N/A - citation of the planning process/reports Final Terrestrial Wildlife Report. Custer Gallatin National Forest. February 16.

Drill, baby, drill: the influence of woodpeckers on post-fire vertebrate General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Def of Wildlife communities through cavity excavation species, inclusive in project level analysis

Ecology of boreal owls in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. Wildlife General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Def of Wildlife Monographs species, inclusive in project level analysis

Effects of stand-replacement fire and salvage logging on a cavity-nesting bird General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Def of Wildlife community in eastern Cascades, Washington species, inclusive in project level analysis

General - the manuscript is a review of papers focused on selecting indicator species, the issues discussed are broad and Def of Wildlife Faunal indicator taxa selection for monitoring ecosystem health. focus on the challenge of managing communities, the framework they suggest is one of a multitude of suggested frameworks

Def of Wildlife Final Fire Report. Custer Gallatin National Forest, Specialist Reports. Effects analysis consistent with this material Freese, C., Kunkel, K., Austin D., Holder, B. 2018. Bison grazing proposal-scientific Def of Wildlife N/A - unable to find doc basis and references. American Reserve: 65. Geremia, C., Cunningham J. 2018. Modeling for habitat suitability and potential Def of Wildlife migration corridors. Technical Committee Report. Interagency Bison Cited - a version of the IBMP is cited in the DEIS Management Plan. April 25 meeting, West Yellowstone, MT.

Haywood 2008. Response of Boreal Owl to Epidemic Mountain Pine Beetle- General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Def of Wildlife caused Tree Mortality Under a No-action Alternative. species, inclusive in project level analysis

Herrero, S. and S. Fleck. 1989. Injury to People Inflicted by Black, Grizzly or Polar Bears: Recent Considered - Human-bear conflict is considered and covered by Def of Wildlife Trends and New Insights. International Conference on Bear Research and alternative citations Management 8: 25-32 Holbrook, J.D., J.R. Squires, L.E. Olson, N.J. DeCesare, and R.L. Lawrence. 2017. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife Understanding and predicting habitat for wildlife conservation: the case of citation catalogs Canada lynx at the range periphery. Ecosphere. 8: 1-25.

How important is dead wood for woodpeckers foraging in eastern North General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Def of Wildlife American boreal forests? species, inclusive in project level analysis

Def of Wildlife Interagency Bison Management Plan. 2016. April meeting, West Yellowstone, MT. Cited - a version of the IBMP is cited in the DEIS

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 21 Commenter Title Response

Def of Wildlife Interagency Bison Management Plan. 2018. April meeting, West Yellowstone, MT. Cited - a version of the IBMP is cited in the DEIS

Def of Wildlife Interagency Bison Management Plan. 2019. April meeting, Gardiner, MT. Cited - a version of the IBMP is cited in the DEIS

Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife Interagency Bison Management Plan-Joint Management Plan. 2000. citation catalogs

General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Def of Wildlife Inventory of Flammulated Owls Breeding in the East Kootenay 2003 species, inclusive in project level analysis

Investigating the interactions between wolverines and winter recreation use: Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife 2010 annual report citation catalogs

Knight, R. R. and S. L. Judd. 1983. Grizzly bears that kill livestock. International Considered - the topic of livestock depredation is considered and Def of Wildlife Conference on Bear Research and Management. 5: 186-190. covered by alternative citations

Kosterman, M.K. 2014. Correlates of Canada Lynx Reproductive Success in Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife Northwestern Montana. Masters of Science, Thesis. University of Montana, citation catalogs Missoula, MT. December. Kosterman, M.K., J.R. Squires, J.D. Holbrook, D.H. Pletscher, and M. Hebblewhite. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife 2018. Forest structure provides the income for reproductive success in a southern citation catalogs population of Canada lynx. Ecological Applications. 28(4): 1032-1043.

Lynx SSA Team 2016a. Canada Lynx Expert Elicitation Workshop - Final Report. Considered - the topics covered in this report are considered Def of Wildlife April 18, 2016. 64 pp. broadly my multiple alternative citations Mace, Richard, J.S. Waller, T.L. Manley, L.J. Lyon, and H. Zuuring 1996. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife Relationships among grizzly bears, roads and habitat in the Swan Mountains, citation catalogs Montana. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:1395-1404. McLellan, B.N. and F.W. Hovey. 2001. Natal dispersal of grizzly bears. Canadian General - reference to general life-history/ecology of the species, Def of Wildlife Journal of Zoology. doi: 10.1139/z01-051 inclusive in other citations General - the manuscript describes and approach for indexing snowshoe hare density, the citation is referenced as a means of Mills, L.S., P.C. Griffin, K.E. Hodges, K. McKelvey, L. Ruggiero, and T. Ulizio. 2005. assessing lynx habitat suitability however while hares are an Def of Wildlife Pellet count indices compared to mark-recapture estimates for evaluating important food resource, availability of prey does not necessarily snowshoe hare density. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 69(3): 1053-1062. predict accessibility of prey; in general the topic is widely considered

Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 2013. Grizzly Bear Management Plan for Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife Southwestern Montana. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement citation catalogs

Montana Governor Steve Bullock. 2015. Decision, Year-round Habitat for Def of Wildlife Not Reliable Science - the reference is a new report Yellowstone Bison Environmental Assessment. Montana. 2013. Joint Draft Environmental Assessment: Year Round Habitat for Def of Wildlife Yellowstone Bison. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1420 East Sixth Avenue, Cited Helena, MT 59620 Considered - The manuscript considers habitat selection by grizzly bears, a topic broadly considered and covered by additional Nielsen, S. E., M. S. Boyce, G. B. Stenhouse. 2004. Grizzly bears and forestry. I. citations, the comments reference the tradeoff between habitat Def of Wildlife Selection of clearcuts by grizzly bears in west-central Alberta, Canada. Forest selectin and human induced mortality likely more specifically Ecology and Management. 199: 51-65. referencing another paper from the same year by the same authors.The topic of grizzly bear mortality and security is also covered by alternative citations

Peck, C. P., F. T. van Manen, C. M. Costello, M. A. Haroldson, L. A. Landenburger, L. L. Roberts, D. D. Bjornlie, and R. D. Mace. 2017. Potential paths for male- Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife mediated gene flow to and from an isolated grizzly bear population. Ecosphere citation catalogs 8(10): e01969. 10.1002/ecs2.1969 General - manuscript considers how species interactions (in this Peers, M. J. L., D.H. Thornton, and D.L. Murray. 2013. Evidence for large-scale case competition) affect species distribution, the manuscript Def of Wildlife effects of competition: niche displacement in Canada lynx and bobcat. argues that the interactions between habitat, climate, and species Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280: 20132495 interactions complicate management, a general and well established phenomenon

Planning for Ecological Integrity. Presentation. The Science of National Forest Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Def of Wildlife Planning Symposium, Custer Gallatin National Forest on this citation Podruzny, S. R., S. Cherry, C. C. Schwartz, L. A Landenburger. 2002. Grizzly bear Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife denning and potential conflict areas in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. citation catalogs Ursus. 13:19-28. Proctor, M. F., B. N. McLellan, C. Strombeck and R. M. R. Barclay. 2004. Gender- Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife specific dispersal distances of grizzly bears estimated by genetic analysis. citation catalogs Canadian Journal of Zoology. 82(7): 1108-1118

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 22 Commenter Title Response

Proctor, M. F., D. Paetkau, B. N. McLellan, G. B. Stenhouse, K. C. Kendall, R. D. Mace, W. F. Kasworm, C. Servheen, C. L. Lausen, M.L. Gibeau, W. L. Wakkinen, M. A. Haroldson, G. Mowat, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife C. D. Apps, L. M. Ciarniello, R. M. R. Barclay, M. S. Boyce, C. C. Schwartz, C. citation catalogs Stombeck. 2012. Population fragmentation and inter-ecosystem movements of grizzly bears in western Canada and the northern United States. Wildlife Monographs 180:1-46

Response of Boreal Owl to Epidemic Mountain Pine Beetle-caused Tree Mortality Def of Wildlife unable to find doc Under a No-action Alternative. Restoring Whitebark Pine Ecosystems in Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife the Face of Climate Change citation catalogs

Sagor, J. T., J. E. Swenson, E. Roskaft. 1997. Compatibility of brown bear Ursus Considered - the topic of livestock depredation is considered and Def of Wildlife arctos and free-ranging sheep in Norway. Biological Conservation. 81: 91-95. covered by alternative citations

Sandbak, D. Assessment (Forest Plan Revision): Final Forested Terrestrial Def of Wildlife Ecosystems Report. Custer Gallatin National Forest, Specialist Reports. February Plan and Analysis consistent with this material 16. Schmor, Mathew. 1999. An exploration into bear deterrents, as related to Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Def of Wildlife mountain biking, and the design of an ultrasonic bear warning device. A Master’s and covered by alternative citations, this citation is relevant to a Degree Project. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. very specific approach that has not yet been developed

Schwartz, C.C., K.A. Keating, H.V. Reynolds III, V.G. Barnes Jr., R.A. Sellers, J.E. Swenson, S.D. Miller, B.N. McLellan, J. Keay, R. McCann, M. Gibeau, W.F. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife Wakkinen, R.D. Mace, W. Kasworm, R. Smith, and S. Herrero. 2003. Reproductive citation catalogs maturation and senescence in female brown bear. Ursus 14(2): 109-119.

?? - The comments reference the use of 0.5 mile buffer around colonies used by one of several BLM plans reviewed in this document.The paper itself does not justify the 0.5 buffer, but Seglund, A.E., A.E. Ernst, M. Grenier, B. Luce, A. Puchniak and P. Schnurr. 2004. Def of Wildlife neither does the forest plan justify a 100 foot buffer.Although White-tailed Prairie Dog Conservation Assessment. citing this document may not be necessary, justifying the 100 foot buffer relative to other alternatives would be beneficial in light of this suggestion

Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Servheen, C., T. Manley, D. M. Starling, A. Jacobs, J. Waller. March 3, 2017. Board and covered by alternative citations, this citation is a general Def of Wildlife of Review Recommendations. Recommendations related to mountain bike safety approach to reducing the impacts of human-bear conflict which is in bear habitat on the fatality of Mr. Brad Treat on June 29, 2016. also considered Shea, J. 2017. Assessment (Forest Plan Revision): Final Invasive Plants Report. Def of Wildlife N/A - citation of the planning process/reports Custer Gallatin National Forest, Specialist Reports. February 16. Source habitats for terrestrial vertebrates of focus in the interior Columbia basin: Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife broadscale trends and management implications citation catalogs

Spatial Wildfire Risk Assessment Custer Gallatin NF. Presentation. The Science of Def of Wildlife Effects analysis consistent with this material National Forest Planning Symposium, Custer Gallatin National Forest

Swanson, M.E. 2012. Early Seral Forest in the Pacific Northwest: A Literature Review and Synthesis of Current Science. Report for the Willamette National Def of Wildlife N/A - the citation is never referenced in the comment letter Forest, Central Cascades Adaptive Management Partnership, McKenzie Bridge, OR. January 11. The forgotten stage of forest succession: Def of Wildlife Plan and Analysis consistent with this material early-successional ecosystems on forest sites Def of Wildlife Toward a more ecologically informed view of severe forest Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Toward meaningful snag-management guidelines for post fire salvage logging in Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife North American conifer forests citation catalogs U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2016 Conservation Strategy for the Grizzly Bear in Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. citation catalogs U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. August 2011. Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilus) 5- Considered - the document is used as reference to the importance Def of Wildlife Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Grizzly Bear Recovery Office. Missoula, of grizzly population connectivity, a topic considered and covered Montana by other citations USDA Forest Service, Northern Region. Land Def of Wildlife Refers to another plan, not cited Management Plan November 2018. USFWS (United States Fish and Wildlife Service). 2016. USFWS Species Status Def of Wildlife Exhisting policy Assessment Framework. Version 3.4. August 2016. 21 pp

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 23 Commenter Title Response

General - This report presents the results of a species status USFWS (United States Fish and Wildlife Service). 2017. Species Status Assessment assessment (SSA) for the contiguous United States.Topics of Def of Wildlife for the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) Contiguous United States Distinct specific application to the Forest Plan are considered by Population Segment. Version 1.0. October 2017. Lakewood, Colorado alternative literature plan with more applicability

Vegetation Climate Adaptation Planning in Support of The Custer Gallatin Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Def of Wildlife National Forest Plan revision. Technical Report. Landscape Biodiversity Lab, citation catalogs Montana State University, Bozeman, MT “Field Study of Noticeability of Range Improvements and Apparent Naturalness of Upper Big Pryor Mountain,” Wilderness Inventory and Evaluation criteria are set by planning Dick Walton Dick Walton & Charlie Smillie, September 25, 2017. Reproduced as Appendix VII rule policy, followed that process and used same sources of in our February 28, 2018 comment letter on information for entire forest. the Management Plan Proposed Action. Dick Walton Forest Service Planning Podcast – Ep4 Pam Novitzky, Forest Plan Allocation (I). Podcast by plan revision team

Environmental Impacts of Mountain Biking: Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Dorothy Filson Science Review and Best Practices and covered by alternative citations By Jeff Marion and Jeremy Wimpey This paper states that this plan could be used until a newer Water, Climate Change and Forests. Watershed Stewartship for a Changing version of climate change adaption strategy is in place. In the Elizabeth Welles Climate. Forest Service publication, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-812 of DEIS, Halofsky et al 2016 is cited in several locations and is a more June 2010 by Michael Furniss recent and comprehensive article on the subject.

Emily Cleveland ATVs have easier access to Pryor Mountains after agencies work together to Pop article Cleveland improve roads. 2018. Brett French. Emily Cleveland Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest, Forest Plan Record of Decision (2009), Refers to other plans and EISs, not cited Cleveland pp. 29-33. Emily Cleveland Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area General Management Plan (1980). Refers to other plans and EISs, not cited. Cleveland Emily Cleveland Billings Field Office Approved Resource Management Plan (2015). Refers to other plans and EISs. Plan reviewed in FEIS appendix E. Cleveland Emily Cleveland Bitterroot National Forest Travel Management Planning, Final Record Of Decision unable to find doc Cleveland (2018), p. 25-27. Emily Cleveland Flathead National Forest, Forest Plan Record of Decision (2018), p. 26. Refers to other plans and EISs, not cited Cleveland Emily Cleveland Grizzly Bear Population Monitoring. Montana FWP. General Cleveland Emily Cleveland Improving Health and Wellness through Access to Nature, American Public Health Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be Cleveland Association. 2016. cited in the FEIS. J. Aycrigg, J. Tricker, R. Belote, M. Dietz, L. Duarte, and G. Aplet, The Next 50 Emily Cleveland Years: Opportunities for Diversifying the Ecological Representation of the Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Cleveland National Wilderness Preservation System within Contiguous on this citation United States, J. Forestry, Issue 114, Vol. 3, p. 396 (May 2016).

Emily Cleveland Ruby Valley Strategic Alliance General example, not cited Cleveland Emily Cleveland Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be Science's Newest Miracle Drug Is Free. Outside Magazine. Aaron Rueben. 2019. Cleveland cited in the FEIS. See K. Ostovar, Pryor Mountains Biobliz Report, Rocky Mountain College Emily Cleveland Department of Environmental Sciences Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Cleveland (2012). Smith, B. L., and N. J. DeCesare. 2017. Status of Montana’s mountain goats: A Emily Cleveland synthesis of management data General synthesis, not specific to CGNF Cleveland (1960–2015) and field biologists’ perspectives. Final report, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Emily Cleveland General - General manuscript on mountain goat populations SmithEtAl2017StatusOfMTsMountainGoats.pdf Cleveland throughout montana

Supplement to Minimum Requirements Analysis/Decision Guide (MRA/MRDG): Emily Cleveland Evaluating Proposals for Ecological Intervention in Wilderness Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Cleveland Beth Hahn and Peter Landres, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute citation catalogs November 2017

Emily Cleveland The forest as nature’s health service (from PNW Juneau Forestry Sciences Lab) Concept is discussed in DEIS, similar to APHA2016 Cleveland Emily Cleveland The Forest as Nature’s Health Service. Linda E. Kruger, Research Social Scientist, Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Cleveland Juneau Forestry Sciences Lab. 2012? on this citation Emily Cleveland USDA 2017 Flathead National Forest, FEIS,vol 1, p 27. Refers to other plans and EISs. 2018 Flathead FEIS cited. Cleveland

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 24 Commenter Title Response Emily Cleveland USDA. Consistency in Land and Resource Management Plans, 9/24/2007. Plans follow 2012 Planning rule, not cited Cleveland Emily Cleveland USDA. , Final Forest Plan (2015), p. 47. Refers to other plans and EISs, not cited Cleveland Emily Cleveland USFS National Forest Briefing Paper, Managing E-Bikes on National Forest System Policy Cleveland Trails (2015). Wild, connected, and diverse: building a more resilient system of protected areas; Emily Cleveland By: R. Travis Belote, Matthew S. Dietz, Clinton N. Jenkins , Peter S. McKinley,G. More local (CGNF) information available and used Cleveland Hugh Irwin, Timothy J. Fullman, Jason C. Leppi, and Gregory H. Aplet; 2017

Snetsinger, S.D. and K. White. 2009. Recreation and Trail Impacts on Wildlife Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Frank Craighead Species of Interest in Mount Spokane State Park. Pacific Biodiversity Institute, and covered by alternative citations Winthrop, Washington. 60 p. • Beecham, J.J.,P.C. Cameron, and T. D. Reynolds 2007. Rocky Mountain Bighorn Gallatin Wildlife Sheep (Ovis canadensis): A Technical Conservation Assessment. Prepared for Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project by citation catalogs TREC, Inc., 4276 E. 300 North Rigby, Idaho 83442.

General/Considered - The manuscript references causes of moose 102. Tyers, Daniel B, “Moose Population History on the Northern Yellowstone Gallatin Wildlife population variability, areas covered in alternative citations, e.g., Winter Range”, Alces journal, Vol 42. 2006. (referenced referred to National Association DeCesare et al. 2018, DeCesare et al. 2014, DeCesare and Newby Academy of Sciences 2002 and Yellowstone National Park 1997). 2013 Gallatin Wildlife 2018 Known and Probable Grizzly Bear Mortalities in the Greater Yellowstone Considered - Population dynamics and sources of mortality in Association Ecosystem bears is considered and covered by alternative citations

Gallatin Wildlife A. Treves and K. U. Karanth, "Human-Carnivore Conflict and Perspectives on Considered - the topic is considered and covered by alternative Association Carnivore Management Worldwide," Conservation Biology 17, no. 6 (Dec 2003), citations

Gallatin Wildlife Alliance of the Wild Rockies, NREPA. Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act. not cited as a scientific publication - see link Association

Gallatin Wildlife Andelt, "Carnivores," in Rangeland Wildlife, ed. P. R. Krausman (Denver: Society N/A; General - unable to find doc therefore couldn't conduct Association for Range Management, 1996); comprehensive review, but is a general document on carnivores

B. N. McLellan et al., "Rates and Causes of Grizzly Bear Mortality in the Interior Considered - Population dynamics and sources of mortality in Gallatin Wildlife Mountains of British Columbia, Alberta, Montana, Washington, and Idaho," bears is considered and covered by alternative citations including Association Journal of Wildlife Management 63, no. 3 (Jul 1999) citations by the same authors

Not reliable/Considered - The citation does not contain the necessary indicators of scientific rigor (i.e., citations, indication of Gallatin Wildlife Bailey, J.A. 2018. Bighorn sheep The small-population strategy does not work. peer review), moreover genetic diversity and metapopulations of Association Accessed July 26, 2018 sheep are considered by other citations (e.g., Garrott et al. 2015, Montana FWP 2010) Considered - genetic diversity and metapopulations of sheep are Gallatin Wildlife Berger, J. 1990. Persistence of different-sized populations: An empirical considered by other citations (e.g., Garrott et al. 2015, Montana Association assessment of rapid extinctions in bighorn sheep. Conservation Biology 4:91-98 FWP 2010) Besser, T. E.,E. F. Cassirer, K. A. Potter, K. Lahmers, J. L. Oaks, S. Shanthalingam, S. Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Srikumaran, W. J. Foreyt. 2014. Epizootic Pneumonia of Bighorn Sheep following Association citation catalogs Experimental Exposure to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.

Brewer C.E., V.C. Bleich¸ J.A. Foster, T. Hosch-Hebdon, D.E. McWhirter, E.M. Rominger, M.W. Wagner, and B.P. Wiedmann. 2014. “Bighorn Sheep: Considered - General citation on the challenges of managing Gallatin Wildlife Conservation Challenges and Management Strategies for the 21st Century”. Wild bighorns, topics covered under alternative citations (e.g., Flesch Association Sheep Working Group, Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and Garrott 2012, Garrott et al. 2015) Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA. pp. 16, 28 Brock, John H; Green, Douglas M; “Impacts of Livestock Grazing, Mining, Publication is on general impacts to watersheds from various land Recreation, Roads, and other Land Uses on Watershed Resources”, Journal Gallatin Wildlife uses with an emphasis on watershed resources in the Storage, Association southwestern United States.More applicable literature sources Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. 2003. have been used in the DEIS.

Bruce N. McLellan, Garth Mowat, and Clayton T. Lamb, "Estimating Unrecorded Considered - Population dynamics and sources of mortality in Gallatin Wildlife Human-Caused Mortalities of Grizzly Bears in the Flathead Valley, British bears is considered and covered by alternative citations including Association Columbia, Canada," PeerJ 6 (2018/10/11 2018), citations by the same authors

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 25 Commenter Title Response

Considered/Author - The topic of disease in sheep is considered and covered by numerous citations, including citations by the same authors: Garrott, R. A., J. Rotella, K. Proffitt, and C. Butler. Butler C.J., W.H. Edwards, J.T. Paterson, K.M. Proffitt, J.E. Jennings-Gaines, H.J. Gallatin Wildlife 2015. The role of disease, habitat, individual condition, and herd Killion et al. “Respiratory pathogens and their association with population Association attributes on bighorn sheep recruitment and population dynamics performance in Montana and Wyoming bighorn sheep populations”. (2018) in Montana.Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant W-159-R, Fish, Wildlife & Parks and Montana State University, Bozeman, MT.

Canfield, Jodie, et.al., Helena National Forest, written for Montana Chapter of the Gallatin Wildlife General/Considered - used as a general citation on the economics Wildlife Society, Chapter 6, “Ungulates, Effects of Recreation on Rocky Mountain Association of recreation Wildlife”, 1999.

Gallatin Wildlife Carter, V.A., et al., A 1,500-year synthesis of wildfire activity stratified by Effects analysis consistent with this material Association elevation from the U.S. Rocky Mountains, Quaternary International (2017)

Gallatin Wildlife Cassaigne, I.G., Medellin, and Guasco, J.A. 2010, Mortality during epizootics in Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association bighorn sheep; effects of initial population size and cause citation catalogs Cassirer, F.C., K.R. Manlove, R.K. Plowright and T.E. Besser. “Evidence for Strain- Gallatin Wildlife Specific Immunity to Pneumonia in Bighorn Sheep”. The Journal of Wildlife Cited Association Management. 2017. 81(1):133-143 Gallatin Wildlife Caughley, Graeme, “Directions in conservation biology”, Journal of Animal Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Association Ecology, 1994 Chang, Tony, Hansen, Andrew, The Climate Change Brief, Landscape Climate Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Change-Vulnerability Project, 2014, Montana State University. (This reference Association citation catalogs second references (Al-Chokhachy et al. 2013); (Westerling et al. 2011)).

Clark, Erin. writer/editor, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2011 Wilderness Fellow, Kimberly Schienker, Gallatin National Forest Wilderness and Recreation Program Gallatin Wildlife Cited in FEIS under the heading Wilderness Study Area Affected Manager, and Catherine Fiiardi, University of Montana Wilderness Institute Association Environment Citizen Science Program Director. 2012. Wilderness Character Monitoring Report Hyalite Porcupine Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area

Cole, David N., Landres, Peter B, “Indirect Effects of Recreation on Wildlife”, Gallatin Wildlife General/Considered - used as a general citation that recreation Knight, Richard L.; Gutzwiller, Kevin J.,Wildlife and Recreationists--Coexistence Association affects wildlife Through Management and Research, 1995 Collen, P.; Gibson, R.J.; “The general ecology of (Castor spp.), as related Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other Gallatin Wildlife to their influence on stream ecosystems and riparian habitats, and the literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally Association subsequent effects on fish”, 2001, pg 445 relevant.

Gallatin Wildlife Correspondence between GWA and Leanne Martin, Regional Forester of Region unable to find doc Association 1, Three letters dated April 8, 2019, April 8, 2019 and April 22, 2019.

Cited/Considered - The topic of stressors on moose populations is Gallatin Wildlife Courtemanch, Alyson, Jackson Moose Herd Unit Population Objective Review, considered including the incorporation of the suggested citation Association Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 2015. as well as more geographically relevant citations e.g., DeCesare et al. 2018, DeCesare et al. 2014, DeCesare and Newby 2013

Cross, Wyatt F. et al., Montana Institute of Ecosystems, “The Montana Climate Gallatin Wildlife Assessment”, Montana University System's Montana Institute on Ecosystems, in MCA used in FEIS Association collaboration with the Montana Climate Office, Montana Water Center, and MSU Extension, 2017. General/Considered - General information on Montana moose Gallatin Wildlife Cunningham, Julie; Wildlife Biologist, “Moose Harvest Data”, Montana Wildlife, populations considered within other citations (e.g.., DeCeseare et Association Fish and Parks, 2019. al. 2018)

Gallatin Wildlife Davis, Kimberley, et al, Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests Added to FEIS Association across a critical climate threshold for tree regeneration, 2019

DeCesare, Nicholas; et al. “Moose Status and Management in Montana”, Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and Montana State University, Alces Association citation catalogs Vol. 50, 2014. Derlet, RW, et al; “Impact of summer cattle grazing on the Sierra Nevada There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS in the Gallatin Wildlife watershed: aquatic algae and bacteria”, National Center for Biotechnology section "Impacts from Livestock Grazing" in the watershed section Association Information, 2012. that elucidate the impacts of cattle grazing.

There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS in the Derlet, RW; Carlson JR; “Coliform bacteria in Sierra Nevada wilderness lakes and Gallatin Wildlife section "Impacts from Livestock Grazing" in the watershed section streams: What is the impact of backpackers, pack animals and cattle?”; National Association that elucidate the impacts of cattle grazing. These sources are Center for Biotechnology Information, 2006. more than adequate for this programmatic level document.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 26 Commenter Title Response Gallatin Wildlife Dixon, Bev; et al., “Assessment: Forest Plan Revision, Final Terrestrial Wildlife CGNF Assesment report Association Report”, Custer Gallatin National Forest, 2017. Many of the concepts (risk benefit/loss and fire for resource Donovan, Geoffrey H. and Brown, Thomas C., “An Alternative Incentive Structure Gallatin Wildlife benefit) are consistent with the effects analysis. However, the for Wildfire Management on National Forest Land”, Forest Science, copyrighted Association focus on FS wildfire budgeting is beyond the scope of our analysis by Society of American Foresters, 2005. as it is a national issue. Dratch, P. A., and P. J. P. Gogan. 2010. Bison Conservation Initiative: Bison General/Irrelevant- the citation is a report on the genetic Gallatin Wildlife Conservation Genetics Workshop: report and recommendations. Natural structure and history of bison populations with regards to Association Resource Report NPS/NRPC/BRMD/NRR—2010/257. National Park Service, Fort maintaining genetic diversity for the species, issues at scales Collins, Colorado. beyond the scale of a Forest Plan. Gallatin Wildlife Dubay, S., H. Schwantje, and J. Devos. 2003. Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association diseases: a brief literature review and risk assessment for translocation citation catalogs

Gallatin Wildlife Fears, Darryl, “One million species face extinction, U.N. report says. And humans Not applicable scale, better peer-reviewed lit available - see link Association will suffer as a result.” Washington Post, 2019. Gallatin Wildlife Federal Register, page 21265 of Vol. 77 No.68 dated April 9, 2012, section Planning Rule - referred to in Plan and EIS.- see link Association 219.9(2) Considered - The topic of stressors, including disease/parasites, on Gallatin Wildlife Forbes LB, Tessaro SV, Lees W., Experimental studies on Brucella abortus in moose populations is considered and covered by more recent Association moose (Alces alces), abstract, 1996. citations e.g., Courtemanch 2015, DeCesare et al. 2018, DeCesare et al. 2014, DeCesare and Newby 2013, Rhyan et al. 2013

Gallatin Wildlife Foreyt, W.J. and D.A. Jessup. 1982. Fatal pneumonia of bighorn sheep following Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association association with domestic sheep. J. Wildl. Diseases 18(2):163-168 citation catalogs

Freese, C. H., K. E. Aune, D. P. Boyd, J. N. Derr, S. C. Forrest, C. C. Gates, P. J. P. Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Gogan, S. M. Grassel, N. D. Halbert, K. Kunkel and K. H. Redford.2007. “Second Association citation catalogs chance for the plains bison”.Biological Conservation 136:157-184

Irrelevant/General/Considered - The citation is a general Freese, C. H., K. Kunkel, D. Austin, and B. Holder. Undated. Bison Management management plan for bison in a specific location not under Gallatin Wildlife Plan. American Prairie Reserve. pp. 166. This work notes on page 155 in an consideration here, the topics the recommended citations Association August 25, 2015 letter to the then Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Director Jeff considers are broadly covered and referenced by numerous Hagener. This reference previously referenced Sanderson et al (2008) citations Furniss, Michael J. et al; “Water, Climate Change, and Forests: Watershed Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Stewardship for a Changing Climate”; United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Association citation catalogs Service publication, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-812, 2010.

Garrott, R., K. Proffitt, J. Rotellla and C. Butler. 2016, “The role of disease, habitat, Gallatin Wildlife individual condition, and herd attributes on bighorn sheep recruitment and Cited Association population dynamics in Montana”. Gates, C. C., C. H. Freese, Peter J. P. Gogan, and M. Kotzman. 2010.American Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Bison: status survey and conservation guidelines. International Union for Association citation catalogs Conservation of Nature, Gland Switzerland: IUCN, pp. 136

Gallatin Wildlife Gehman, Steve, Wild Things Unlimited, 2018, Written comments to the U.S. Public comment, not a work to cite Association Forest Service during Public Comment Period.

Gallatin Wildlife Geist, V. 1971. “Mountain Sheep A study in Behavior and Evolution”, Wildlife Dated/Considered - considered with more recent citation Association Behavior and Ecology Series, The University of Chicago Press. pp. 383.

Gallatin Wildlife Geist, V., “The Wild Sheep in Modern North America, Proceedings of the Dated/Considered - considered with more recent citation Association Workshop on the Management Biology of North American Wild Sheep”, 1974.

Gallatin Wildlife Geremia, Chris, et al. “Status Report on the Yellowstone Bison Population”. 2017, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association Yellowstone National Park citation catalogs Gonzalez, Patrick, et al, 2018, Environ, Environmental Research Letters published Gallatin Wildlife by IOP science. (This reference second references (ACIA 2005, Vaughan et al Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Association 2013)). Goodson, N.J. 1982. Effects of domestic sheep grazing on bighorn sheep Gallatin Wildlife populations: A review. In Biannual Symposium Northern Sheep and Goat Council. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association (3):287-313. citation catalogs

Gross, J. E., G. Wang, N. D. Halbert, P. A. Gogan, J. N. Derr and J. W. Considered - General citation on bison populations viability and Gallatin Wildlife Templeton.2006.Effects of population control strategies on retention of genetic genetics covered by other citations (e.g., White et al. 2015, Association diversity in National Park Service bison (Bison bison) herds.Revised Final Rpt., Interagency Bison Management Plan. 2017) Yellowstone Research Group, Dept. of Biology, Montana St. Univ. Bozeman.

Gallatin Wildlife Hansen, Andrew and Phillips, Linda, Ecosphere, “Trends in vital signs for Greater Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Association Yellowstone: application of a Wildland Health Index”, 2018

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 27 Commenter Title Response Gallatin Wildlife Hedrick, Phillip, “Conservation Genetics and North American Bison”, 2009, Topic covered by other sources Association Journal of Heredity, American Genetic Association

Gallatin Wildlife Heinmeyer, Kimberly S. et al, Wolverine – Winter Recreation Research Project: Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association Investigating the Interactions between Wolverines and Winter Recreation, 2017 citation catalogs

Gallatin Wildlife Hill, Pat, “Couple Seeks Knowledge of Wolverines: A Creature They Almost Never Repeat - comments above Association See”, Montana Pioneer, date unknown Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team. 2009. Yellowstone grizzly bear mortality Gallatin Wildlife and conflict reduction report. Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Cited - Alternative years of this report and other similar reports by Association Rocky Mountain Science Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, the same authors are cited USA. 53 pp. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Gallatin Wildlife Services (IPBES) Press Release, “Nature’s Dangerous Decline ‘Unprecedented’ Not applicable scale, better peer-reviewed lit available - see link Association Species Extinction Rates ‘Accelerating”

Gallatin Wildlife Jessup, D.A. 1985. Diseases of domestic livestock which threaten bighorn sheep Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association populations. Desert Bighorn Council 1985 Transactions (29):29-33. citation catalogs

Gallatin Wildlife Jessup, D.M. 1981. Pneumonia in bighorn sheep: effects on populations. Cal-Neva Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association Wildlife Society Transactions, pp. 72-78 citation catalogs Considered - The topic of stressors, including disease/parasites, on Lankester, Murray, “Understanding the Impact of Meningeal Worm, Gallatin Wildlife moose populations is considered and covered by more recent Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis, on Moose Populations”, Alces: A Journal Devoted to Association citations e.g., Courtemanch 2015, DeCesare et al. 2018, DeCesare the Biology and Management of Moose, 2010. et al. 2014, DeCesare and Newby 2013, Rhyan et al. 2013

Gallatin Wildlife Lawler, Joshua J, “Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Resource Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Association Management and Conservation Planning”, 2009, page 92. Lawrence P.K., S. Shanthalingam, R. P. Dassanayake, R. Subramaniam, C. N. Herndon, D. P. Knowles, F. R. Rurangirwa, W. J. Foreyt, G. Wayman, A. M. Gallatin Wildlife Marciel, S. K. Highlander and S. Srikumaran. 2010. Transmission of Mannheimia Considered - The topic of disease in sheep is considered and Association haemolytica from domestic sheep (Ovis aries) to bighorn sheep (Ovis covered by alternative citations, (i.e., Cassirer et al. 2017) Canadensis): unequivocal demonstration with green fluorescent protein-tagged organisms. J. Wild. Diseases 46(3):706-717

MacCleery, Doug; “Re-inventing the United States Forest Service: Evolution from Gallatin Wildlife Custodial Management, to Production Forestry, to Ecosystem Management”; Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Association Senior Policy Analyst, Forest Management Staff, USDA, Forest Service, on this citation Washington, DC. Gallatin Wildlife Marten, Leanne, Regional Forester, Northern Region, U.S. Forest Service, 2019, Considered in analysis Association Species of Conervation Concern.

Gallatin Wildlife Monello, R.J., D.L. Murray, and E.F. Cassirer. 2001. Ecological correlates of Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association pneumonia epizootics in bighorn sheep herds. Can. J. Zool. 79:1423-1432. citation catalogs

Gallatin Wildlife Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Montana Bighorn Sheep Conservation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association Strategy. 2010. citation catalogs Gallatin Wildlife Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2018 Plan and Analysis consistent with this material - see link Association Nadeau et al. “Status and Trends of Moose Populations and Hunting Opportunity in the Western United States”, Alces: A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Gallatin Wildlife Management of Moose, 2017, Nadeau, M.S., N.J. DeCesare, D.G. Brimeyer, E.J. Cited Association Bergman, R.B. Harris, K.R. Hersey, K.K. Huebner, P.E. Matthews, and T.P. Thomas 2017. There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS that Gallatin Wildlife Naiman, R.J., J.M. Melillo, and J.E. Hobbie, “Ecosystem alteration of boreal forest demonstrate the positive impacts of beavers on ecosystems.The Association streams by (Castor canadensis)” Ecology, 67:1254-1269, 1986 suggested citation here is redundant. There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS that Gallatin Wildlife Naiman, Robert J; Johnston, Carol A; Kelly, James C; “Alteration by North demonstrate the positive impacts of beavers on ecosystems.The Association American Streams by Beaver”, 1988 suggested citation here is redundant. Gallatin Wildlife Natural Resources Conservation Service, “Carbon Sequestration and Forest Land Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Association Thinning”, Alaska Forestry Technical Note 1, 2008. Nie, M., C. Barns, J.Haber, J.Joly, K. Pitt, and S. Zellmer, “Fish and Wildlife Publication is on a general topic or process which was considered Gallatin Wildlife Management on Federal Lands: Debunking State Supremacy”, Environmental (directly or indirectly through the 2012 planning rule) but not Association Law, 47, no 4 (2017). specifically cited.

Gallatin Wildlife Northern Region Species of Conservation Concern Existing policy - regional directive required by 2012 planning rule Association There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS that Gallatin Wildlife Pollock, Michael M.; Heim, Morga; and Werner, Danielle; “Hydrologic and demonstrate the positive impacts of beavers on ecosystems.The Association Geomorphic Effects of Beaver Dams and Their Influence on Fishes”, 2003, page 3. suggested citation here is redundant.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 28 Commenter Title Response

Pollock, Michael M.;Beechie, Timothy J.;and Jordan, Chris E.; “Geomorphic There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS that Gallatin Wildlife changes upstream of beaver dams in Bridge Creek, an incised stream channel in demonstrate the positive impacts of beavers on ecosystems.The Association the interior Columbia River basin, eastern Oregon”, 2007, pg 1182. suggested citation here is redundant.

Reed, D.H, J.J. O’Grady, B.W. Brook, J.D. Ballou, and R. Frankham. 2003. Estimates of minimum viable population sizes for vertebrates and factors influencing those Gallatin Wildlife estimates. Biological Conservation 113:23–34. Schommer, T and M. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association Woolever.2001.A process for finding management solutions to the citation catalogs incompatibility between domestic sheep and bighorn sheep.USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC. 62pp. Ritter, Torrey Daniel.Ecosystem Pioneers: Beaver Dispersal and Settlement Site There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS that Gallatin Wildlife Selection In The Context of Habitat Restoration, Masters Thesis, Montana State demonstrate the positive impacts of beavers on ecosystems.The Association University, April 2018 suggested citation here is redundant. Rosell, Frank; Collen, Peter;Bozser, Orsolya;Parker, Howard; “Ecological impact of Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action beavers Castor fiber and Castor canadensis and their ability to modify Association citation catalogs ecosystems”, 2005,

Gallatin Wildlife S. Cherry et al., "Estimating Total Human-Caused Mortality from Reported Considered - Population dynamics and sources of mortality in Association Mortality Using Data from Radio-Instrumented Grizzly Bears," Ursus 13 (2002) bears is considered and covered by alternative citations

Sanderson, E.W., K. H. Redford, B. Weber, K. Aune, D. Baldes, J. Berger, D.Carter, C. Curtin, J. Derr, S. Dobrott, E. Fearn, C. Fleener, S. Forrest, C. Gerlach, C. Gates, Gallatin Wildlife J. E. Gross, P.Gogan, S. Grassel, J. A. Hilty, M. Jensen, K. Kunkel, D. Lammers, R. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association List, K. Minkowski, T. Olson, C. Pague, P. B. Roberstson, and B. Stephenson. 2008. citation catalogs The Ecological Future of the North American Bison: Conceiving Long-Term, Large- Scale Conservation of Wildlife. Conservation Biology, Vol. 22(2):252-266

Schommer, T and M. Woolever.2008.A review of diseases related conflicts Gallatin Wildlife between domestic sheep and goats and bighorn sheep.USDA Forest Service, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Association Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-209. citation catalogs 16pp Schwartz, Charles C. et. al., “Impacts of Rural Development on Yellowstone Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action wildlife: linking grizzly bear Ursus arctos demographics with projected residential Association citation catalogs growth”, 2012, BioOne Complete Gallatin Wildlife Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Science and Policy for Nature and People, List of Global Assessment Experts Association on this citation Scott, Joe H.; Thompson, Matthew P.; Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. 2016. Examining alternative fuel management strategies and the relative contribution of National Gallatin Wildlife Forest System land to wildfire risk to adjacent homes - A pilot assessment on the Used the citation in Management Approaches Association Sierra National Forest, California, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 362: 29- 37 Sells, S.N., M.S. Mitchell, J.J. Nowak, P.M. Lukacs, N.J. Anderson, J.M. Ramsey, J.A. Considered - The topic of disease in sheep is considered and Gallatin Wildlife Gude and P.R. Krausman. 2015. Modeling Risk of Pneumonia Epizootics in covered by alternative citations, including citations that reference Association Bighorn Sheep. The Journal of Wildlife Management 79(2):195-210. the proposed citation (i.e., Cassirer et al. 2017)

Singer, F.J., L.C. Zeigenfuss, and L. Spicer, “Role of patch size, disease, and Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action movement in rapid extinction of bighorn sheep”, Conservation Biology, 2001 Association citation catalogs 15(5):1347-1354. General/Considered - The manuscript references approaches to thinking about populations, an alternative among many for Gallatin Wildlife Snaith, Tamaini; Beazley, Karen, Application of Population Viability Theory to considering population viability and an area of concern covered Association Moose in Mainland Nova Scotia, Abstract, 2002 specifically in alternative citations about moose in Montana, e.g., DeCesare et al. 2018, DeCesare et al. 2014, DeCesare and Newby 2013 Gallatin Wildlife Suminski, R.. 1991. Bighorn/livestock interaction - issues and management Dated/Considered - The topic of disease in sheep is considered Association strategies. USDA, USFS, Intermtn. Region. 24 pp. and covered by alternative citations, (i.e., Cassirer et al. 2017)

Traill, L.W, B. W. Brook, R. R. Frankham and C. J .A. Bradshaw. 2010. Pragmatic Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action population viability targets in a rapidly changing world. Biological Conservation Association citation catalogs 143(1):28-34. Westbrook, Cherie J.; Cooper, David J.; and Baker, Bruce W.; “Beaver dams and There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS that Gallatin Wildlife overbank floods influence groundwater–surface water interactions of a Rocky demonstrate the positive impacts of beavers on ecosystems.The Association Mountain riparian area”, 2006. suggested citation here is redundant. Westerling, Anthony, et al., “Continued warming could transform Greater Gallatin Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Yellowstone fire regimes by mid-21st century”, Proceedings of the National Association citation catalogs Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011.

Gallatin Wildlife White, P.J.; Wallen, Rick L.; Hallac, David E., Yellowstone Bison, Conserving an Cited Association American Icon in Modern Society, 2015, page 17

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 29 Commenter Title Response Gallatin Wildlife Wilson, E.O., A Biologist Manifesto for Preserving Life on Earth, 2016, Sierra Plan and Analysis consistent with this material - see link Association Magazine, January/February 2017 Edition There is a large number of literature sources in the DEIS that Gallatin Wildlife Wyoming Game and Fish Department. “The role of beaver in riparian habitat demonstrate the positive impacts of beavers on ecosystems.The Association management”. Habitat Extension Bulletin, Jan. 1993. No. 38. pp. 1-8 suggested citation here is redundant.

Appendix Supplied by Submitter. Contains: Singer et al. 2000. A demographic Analysis, Group Dynamics, and Genetic Effective Number in the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Population. 1992-1997. pp.73-89. In Singer and Schoenecker (eds.): Managers’ Summary – Ecological studies of the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range Ginger Kathrens 1992-1997. U.S. Geological Survey, Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, Fort Cothran 2013 cited in FEIS. Hall 1972 cited in DEIS, FEIS Collins, CO. Wockner et al 2003, Hall 1972, Cothran. 2013. Genetic Analysis of the Pryor Mountains Wild horse Range, MT. Department of Veterinary Integrative Bioscience. Texas A&M University. pp. 4.

Effects of Off-Road Recreation on Mule Deer and Elk; By: Michael J. Wisdom, Alan Considered/Author - topic was considered and covered by Glenn Monahan A. Ager, Haiganoush K. Preisler, Norman J. Cimon, and Bruce K. Johnson alternative citations including later papers by the same authors

Re-measurement of Whitebark Pine Infection and Mortality in the Canadian Rockies Cyndi M. Smith, Parks Canada, Waterton Lakes National Park, Waterton Park, AB; Brenda Shepherd, Glenn Monahan More local (GYE) information available and used Parks Canada, Jasper National Park, Jasper, AB; Cameron Gillies, Tierra Environmental Consulting, Windermere, BC; and Jon Stuart-Smith, Parks Canada, Waterton Lakes National Park, Waterton Park, AB Re-measurement of Whitebark Pine Infection and Mortality in the Canadian Rockies Cyndi M. Smith, Parks Canada, Waterton Lakes National Park, Waterton Park, AB; Brenda Shepherd, Glenn Monahan Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Parks Canada, Jasper National Park, Jasper, AB; Cameron Gillies, Tierra Environmental Consulting, Windermere, BC; and Jon Stuart-Smith, Parks Canada, Waterton Lakes National Park, Waterton Park, AB Whitebark pine vulnerability to climate-driven mountain pine beetle disturbance Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Glenn Monahan in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; Ecological Applications; Jesse A. citation catalogs Logan,USDA Forest Service, Box 482, Emigrant, Montana 54927 USA

Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Greg Warren 2000. Interagency Bison Management Plan. citation catalogs

Greg Warren Gallatin and Noxious Weed Management Direction This was referred to in analysis

Northern Rockies Lynx Management Direction (NRLMD) Final Environmental Greg Warren Cited Impact Statement. 2007 Recreation Opportunity Spectrum as a Management Tool, 1986. George H. Greg Warren Policy Stankey, Gregory A. Warren, and Warren R. Bacon

Greg Warren Tidwell, T. 2009. Continental Divide National Scenic Trail Comprehensive Plan. Cited under Designated Areas Regulatory Framework

Warren, G. 2019. Continental Divide National Scenic Trail Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Greg Warren Planning Handbook citation catalogs Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Board of Review. 2017. Report on the death of Mr. Brad Treat from a grizzly bear and covered by alternative citations, this citation is a general Gretchen Rupp attack June 29, 2016. College of Forestry and Conservation, University of approach to reducing the impacts of human-bear conflict which is Montana also considered Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Board of Review. 2017. Report on the death of Mr. Brad Treat from a grizzly bear and covered by alternative citations, this citation is a general Gretchen Rupp attack June 29, 2016. College of Forestry and Conservation, University of approach to reducing the impacts of human-bear conflict which is Montana also considered Erb K-H, et al. (2017) Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Gretchen Rupp grazing on global vegetation biomass. Nature 553:73–76. on this citation Abraham, A., K. Sommerhalder, and T. Abel. 2012. Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the GYC health-promoting impact of outdoor environments. International Journal of Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Public Health, 55: 59-69.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 30 Commenter Title Response

Thank you for sharing this article.This report was written in a period where the policy focus was planning around the future of the Baken, and coal and energy development in Eastern Montana and Wyoming.Today, the Custer Gallatin National Forest is Alexander, B. 2009. Energy Development and the Changing Economy of the West. working on a plan decision that reflects the spectrum of GYC Headwaters mulitpleuses that are both traditional to the National Forest Economics: Bozeman, MT, USA. System and relevant to the demands of ecosystem benefits for communities around the large landscape of the National Forest.Though strategic mineral development are part of the CGNF, energy development projects specifically are not a major part of the spectrum of multiple uses on this National Forest.

Andereck, K.L., K.M. Valentine, R.C. Knopf, and C.A. Vogt. 2005. Residents’ GYC perceptions of community Not applicable to forest plan, too general tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 32: 1056-1076. Argys, L. and N. Mocan. 2000. Bicycling and walking in Colorado: economic impact GYC and household Not applicable to forest plan, too general survey results. Colorado Department of Transportation Arlettaz, R., P. Patthey, M. Baltic, T. Leu, M. Schaub, R. Palme, and S. Jenni- Eiermann. 2007. Spreading Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC free-riding snow sports represent a novel serious threat for wildlife. Proceedings and covered by alternative citations of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 274: 1219-1224.

Arocena, J.M., S.K. Nepal, and M. Rutherford. 2006. Visitor-induced changes in the chemical Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC composition of soils in backcountry areas of Mt Robson Provincial Park, British on this citation Columbia, Canada. Journal of Environmental Management, 79: 10-19. Ballantyne, M., O. Gudes, and C.M. Pickering. 2014. Recreational trails are an important cause of Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC fragmentation in endangered urban forests: a case-study from Australia. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Landscape and Urban Planning, 130: 112-124. Barber, J.R., K.R. Crooks, and K.M. Fristrup. 2009. The costs of chronic noise Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC exposure for terrestrial on this citation organisms. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 25: 180-189. Barros, A., J. Gonnet, and C. Pickering. 2013. Impacts of informal trails on vegetation and soils in the GYC highest protected area in the Southern Hemisphere. Journal of Environmental Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Management, 127: 50-60. Beale, C.M. and P. Monaghan. 2004. Human disturbance: people as predation- Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC free predators? Journal on this citation of Applied Ecology, 41: 335-343 Becker, B.H., C.M. Moi, T.J. Maguire, R. Atkinson, and N.B. Gates. 2012. Effects of hikers and boats on Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC tule elk behavior in a national park wilderness area. Human-Wildlife Interactions, and covered by alternative citations 6: 147-154. Bedimo-Rung, A.L., A.J. Mowen, and D.A. Cohen. 2005. The significance of parks to physical activity and Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC public health: a conceptual model. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28: useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts 159-168. Benninger-Truax, M., J.L. Vankat, and R.L. Schaefer. 1992. Trail corridors as habitat and conduits for Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC movement of plant species in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Landscape Ecology, 6: 269-278. Bergstrom, J.C., J.R. Stoll, J.P. Titre, and V.L. Wright. 1990. Economic value of Antiquated primary methods paper with coastal wetlands case GYC wetlands-based study, not applicable. recreation. Ecological Economics, 2: 129-147. Blas, J., G.R. Bortolotti, J.L. Tella, R. Baos, and T.A. Marchant. 2007. Stress Irrelevant - the manuscript discuses individual variation in stress response during response and the corresponding consequences for GYC development predicts fitness in a wild, long lived vertebrate. Proceedings of the individuals.Physiological and life-history suites of individuals vary National with a multitude of consequences, demonstration of this variation Academy of Sciences, 104(21): 8880-8884. within a population is not relevant to planning

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 31 Commenter Title Response

Irrelevant - the manuscript discuses individual variation in stress Cabezas, S., J. Blas, T.A. Marchant, and S. Moreno. 2007. Physiological stress response and the corresponding consequences for GYC levels predict survival individuals.Physiological and life-history suites of individuals vary probabilities in wild rabbits. Hormones and Behavior, 51(3): 313-320. with a multitude of consequences, demonstration of this variation within a population is not relevant to planning

Cadsand, B.A. 2012. Responses of mountain goats to heli-skiing activity: Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC movements and resource and covered by alternative citations selection. University of Northern British Columbia Masters Thesis. Camp, R.J. and R.L. Knight. 1998. Effects of rock climbing on cliff plant Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC communities at Joshua Tree and covered by alternative citations National Park, California. Conservation Biology, 12: 1302-1306 Campbell, J.E. and D.J. Gibson. 2001. The effect of seeds of exotic species Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC transported via horse dung on this citation on vegetation along trail corridors. Plant Ecology, 157: 23-25. Cassirer, E.F., D.J. Freddy, and E.D. Ables. 1992. Elk responses to disturbance by Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action GYC cross-country skiers in citation catalogs Yellowstone National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 20: 375-381. Cilimburg, A., C. Monz, and S. Kehoe. 2000. Wildland recreation and human Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC waste: a review of useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts problems, practices, and concerns. Environmental Management, 25: 587-598.

Clow, D.W., H. Forrester, B. Miller, H. Roop, J.O. Sickman, H. Ryu, and J. Santo Domingo. 2013. Effects Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC of stock use and backpackers on water quality in wilderness of Sequoia and Kings useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Canyon National Parks, USA. Environmental Management, 52: 1400-1414. Clow, D.W., R.S. Peavler, J. Roche, A.K. Panorska, J.M. Thomas, and S. Smith. 2011. Assessing possible Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC visitor-use impacts on water quality in Yosemite National Park, California. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 183: 197-215. Cole, D. N. (1981). Managing ecological impacts at wilderness campsites: an Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC evaluation of useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts techniques. Journal of Forestry, 79: 86-89. Cole, D.N. 2006. Visitor and recreation impact monitoring: is it lost between Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC science and management? useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts The George Wright Forum, 23: 11-16. Cole, D.N. 2007. Managing recreation in wilderness: special areas and specialized research. United Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC States Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Report PNW useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts 698: 115. Cole, D.N. and C.A. Monz. 2002. Trampling disturbance of high-elevation Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC vegetation, wind river useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 34: 365-376.

Cole, D.N. and D.R. Spildie. 1998. Hiker, horse and llama trampling effects on Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC native vegetation in useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Montana, USA. Journal of Environmental Management, 53: 61-71. Cole, D.N. and T.E. Hall. 2012. The effect of use density and length of stay on Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC visitor experience in useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts wilderness. USDA Forest Service Proceedings, RMRS-P-66. Cole, D.N. and V. Wright. 2004. Information about wilderness visitors and Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC recreation impacts: is it useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts adequate? International Journal of Wilderness, 10: 27-31. Cole, D.N., J.W. Van Wagtendonk, M.P. McClaran, P.E. Moore, and N.K. McDougald. 2004. Response of Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC mountain meadows to grazing by recreational pack stock. Journal of Range useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Management, 57: 153-160. Cole, D.N., T.P. Hammond, and S.F. McCool. 1997. Information quantity and communication Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC effectiveness: low-impact messages on wilderness trailside bulletin boards. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Leisure Sciences, 19: 59-72. Coleman, T.H., C.C. Schwartz, K.A. Gunther, and S. Creel. 2013. Influence of overnight recreation on Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC grizzly bear movement and behavior in Yellowstone National Park. Ursus, 24: 101- and covered by alternative citations 110.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 32 Commenter Title Response Collins, S. and H. Brown. 2007. The growing challenge of managing outdoor Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC recreation. Journal of useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Forestry, 105: 371-375. Cordell, H. K. 2012. Outdoor recreation trends and futures: a technical document supporting the Forest Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC Service 2010 RPA Assessment. General Technical Report-Southern Research useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Station, USDA Forest Service, (SRS-150). Cordell, H.K., M.A. Tarrant, B.L. McDonald, and J.C. Bergstrom. 1998. How the public views wilderness: Topic was broad over-view discussion, did not provide specific GYC more results from the USA survey on recreation and the environment. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts International Journal of Wilderness, 4: 28-31. Coupal, R.H., C. Bastian, J. May, and D.T. Taylor. 1999. The economic benefits of snowmobiling in Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC Wyoming: a travel cost approach with market segmentation. Western useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. Courtemanch, A.B. 2014. Seasonal habitat selection and impacts of backcountry recreation on a Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC formerly migratory Bighorn Sheep Population in Northwest Wyoming, USA. and covered by alternative citations University of Wyoming Master’s Thesis Creachbaum, M.S., C. Johnson, and R.H. Schmidt. 1998. Living on the edge: a Considered - The effects of recreation and infrastructure on GYC process for redesigning wildlife is considered and covered by alternative citations campgrounds in grizzly bear habitat. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42: 269-286.

Creel, S., J.E. Fox, A. Hardy, J. Sands, B. Garrott, and R.O. Peterson. 2002. Snowmobile activity and Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC glucocorticoid stress responses in and elk. Conservation Biology, 16: 809- and covered by alternative citations 814. Deluca, T.H., W.A. Patterson IV, W.A. Freimund, and D.N. Cole. 1998. Influence of llamas, horses, and Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC hikers on soil erosion from established recreation trails in Western Montana, useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts USA. Environmental Management, 22: 255-262. Derlet, R.W., and J.R. Carlson. 2006. Coliform bacteria in Sierra Nevada wilderness lakes and streams: GYC what is the impact of backpackers, pack animals, and cattle? Wilderness and Analysis and plan consistent with this material Environmental Medicine,17: 15-20. Dickens, S. J. M., F. Gerhardt, and S.K. Collinge. 2005. Recreational Portage Trails as Corridors Unable to find article - Found Doc, but it will not open. Link GYC Facilitating Non-Native Plant Invasions of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area provided. Wilderness (USA). Conservation Biology, 19: 1653-1657. Duffus, D.A. and P. Dearden. 1990. Non-consumptive wildlife-oriented recreation: Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC a conceptual and covered by alternative citations framework. Biological Conservation, 53: 213-231 Considered - the role of'the heterogeneity of habitat patches in Dunning, J. B., B.J. Danielson, and H.R. Pulliam. 1992. Ecological processes that close proximity to one another, the availability of supplemental GYC affect populations in habitat patches, source-sink population dynamics, and complex landscapes. Oikos, 169-175. neighborhood effects' is broadly considered and represented by alternative citations

Eagleston, H. and C. Rubin. 2013. Non-motorized winter recreation impacts to snowmelt erosion, Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC tronsen basin, eastern cascades, Washington. Environmental Management, 51: useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts 167-181. Ellenberg, U., A.N. Setiawan, A. Cree, D.M. Houston, and P.J. Seddon. 2007. Elevated hormonal stress Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC response and reduced reproductive output in Yellow-eyed penguins exposed to and covered by alternative citations unregulated tourism. General and comparative endocrinology, 152: 54-63. Farrell, T.A. and J.L. Marion. 2002. The protected area visitor impact management (PAVIM) framework: Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC a simplified process for making management decisions. Journal of Sustainable useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Tourism, 10: 31- 51.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 33 Commenter Title Response

Floyd, M.F. and C.Y. Johnson. 2002. Coming to terms with environmental justice Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC in outdoor recreation: a useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts conceptual discussion with research implications. Leisure Sciences, 24: 59-77.

Fortin, D. and M. Andruski. 2003. Behavioral response of free-ranging bison to Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC human disturbance. and covered by alternative citations Wildlife Society Bulletin, 31: 804-813. Frid, A. and L. Dill. 2002. Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC predation risk. Conservation and covered by alternative citations Ecology, 6: 11. George, S.L. and K.R. Crooks. 2006. Recreation and large mammal activity in an Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC urban . and covered by alternative citations Biological Conservation, 133: 107-117. Gill, J.A., K. Norris, and W.J. Sutherland. 2001. Why behavioural responses may not reflect the Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC population consequences of human disturbance. Biological Conservation, 97: 265- and covered by alternative citations 268. Godbey, G., 2009. Outdoor recreation, health, and wellness: Understanding and Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC enhancing the useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts relationship. Resources for the Future Discussion Paper Goefte, U. and J. Alder 2001. Sustainable mountain biking: a case study from the Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC southwest of Western useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Australia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9: 193-211. Griffin, S.C., S. Valois, M.L. Taper, and L.S. Mills. 2007. Effects of tourists on Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC behavior and demography and covered by alternative citations of Olympic marmots. Conservation Biology, 21: 1070-1081. Gutzwiller, K.J. and S.H. Anderson. 1999. Spatial extent of human-intrusion Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC effects on subalpine bird and covered by alternative citations distributions. The Condor, 101: 378-389. Gutzwiller, K.J., H.A. Marcum, H.B. Harvey, J.D. Roth, and S.H. Anderson. 1998. Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC Bird tolerance to human and covered by alternative citations intrusion in Wyoming Montane Forests. The Condor, 100: 519-527. Gutzwiller, K.J., R.T. Wiedenmann, K.L. Clements, and S.H. Anderson. 1994. Effects of human intrusion Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC on song occurrence and singing consistency in subalpine birds. The Auk, 111: 28- and covered by alternative citations 37. Haddad, N. M., L.A. Brudvig, J. Clobert, K.F. Davies, A. Gonzalez, R.D. Holt,, ... and W.M. Cook. 2015. Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems. Science on this citation Advances, 1: e1500052. Harper, K. A., S.E. Macdonald, P.J. Burton,, J. Chen, K.D. Brosofske, S.C Saunders, , E.S. Euskirchen, Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC D. Roberts, M.S. Jaiteh, and P.A. Esseen. 2005. Edge influence on forest structure on this citation and composition in fragmented landscapes. Conservation Biology, 19: 768-782.

Hauer, F.R., H. Locke, V.J. Dreitz, M. Hebblewhite, W.H. Lowe, C.C. Muhlfeld, C.R. Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other Nelson, M.F. Proctor,and S.B. Rood. 2016. Gravel-bed river floodplains are the GYC literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally ecological nexus of glaciated relevant. mountain landscapes. Science Advances, 2: pe1600026. Headwaters Economics. 2017, May 30. National Parks Economic Impacts. GYC unable to find doc, link provided

Hegg, S.J., K. Murphy, and D. Bjornlie. 2010. Grizzly bears and snowmobile use: a Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC summary of and covered by alternative citations monitoring a grizzly den on togwotee pass. Yellowstone Science, 18: 23-28.

Holmes, T.P., J.M. Bowker, J. Englin, E. Hjerpe, J.B. Loomis, S. Phillips, and R. Methods incorporated in visitation and recreation contributions GYC Richardson. 2016. A estimated in Aphelia model and reported in DEIS. synthesis of the economic values of wilderness. Journal of Forestry, 114: 320-328.

Interagency Visitor Use Management Council (IVUM). 2016. Visitor Use Topic was broad over-view discussion, did not provide specific GYC Management Framework. A useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts guide to providing sustainable outdoor recreation. Edition 1. Interagency Report.

Jenson, W. and K. Scoresby. 2015. Yellowstone-Grand Teton loop bicycle pathway Topic was broad over-view discussion, did not provide specific GYC estimated economic useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts impact. Eastern Idaho Entrepreneurial Center Report.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 34 Commenter Title Response Johnson, C.Y., J.M. Bowker, and H.K. Cordell. 2001. Outdoor recreation Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC constraints: an examination of useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts race, gender, and rural dwelling. Southern Rural Sociology, 17: 111-133. Johnson, C.Y., J.M. Bowker, and H.K. Cordell. 2004. Ethnic variation in environmental belief and Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be GYC behavior: an examination of the new ecological paradigm in a social psychological cited in the FEIS. context. Environment and Behavior, 36: 157-186. Johnson, R.R. and S.W. Carothers. 1982. Riparian habitats and recreation: interrelationships and GYC impacts in the southwest and rocky mountain region. Eisenhower Consortium for Analysis and plan consistent with this material Western Environmental Forestry Research, 12. Kangas, K., M. Luoto, A. Ihantola, E. Tomppo, and P. Siikamaki. 2010. Recreation- induced changes in Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC boreal bird communities in protected area. Ecological Applications, 20: 1775- and covered by alternative citations 1786. Kasworm, W.F. and T.L. Manley. 1990. Road and trail influences on grizzly bears Considered - The effects of recreation and roads on bears is GYC and black bears in considered and covered by alternative citations northwest Montana. Bears: Their Biology and Management, 8: 79-84. Korpela, K., K. Borodulin, M. Neuvonen, O. Paronen, and L. Tyrvainen. 2014. Analyzing the mediators Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC between nature-based outdoor recreation and emotional well-being. Journal of useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Environmental Psychology, 37: 1-7. Landres, P., W.M. Vagias, and S. Stutzman. 2012. Using wilderness character to Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC improve wilderness useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts stewardship. Park Science, 28 (3). Larson, C.L., S.E. Reed, A.M. Merenlender, and K.R. crooks. 2016. Effects of recreation on animals Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action GYC revealed as widespread through a global systematic review. PloS one, 11: citation catalogs e0167259 Lawhon, B., P. Newman, D. Taff, J. Vaske, W. Vagias, S. Lawson, and C. Monz. 2013. Factors Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC Influencing Behavioral Intentions for Leave No Trace Behavior in National Parks. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Journal of Interpretation Research, 18: 23-38. Lee, J.H., D. Scott, and M.F. Floyd. 2001. Structural inequalities in outdoor recreation participation: a Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC multiple hierarchy stratification perspective. Journal of Leisure Research, 33: 427- useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts 449. Leung, Y. and J.L. Marion. 2000. Recreation impacts and management in Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC wilderness: a state-ofknowledge useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts review. Wilderness science in a time of change conference, 5: 23-48. Liddle, M.J. 1975. A selective review of the ecological effects of human trampling Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC on natural on this citation ecosystems. Biological Conservation, 7: 17-36. Liddle, M.J. and H.R.A. Scorgie. 1980. The effects of recreation on freshwater Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC plants and animals: a useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts review. Biological Conservation, 17: 183-206. Lindberg, K. and T.Bertone-Riggs. 2015. Oregon non-motorized trail participation Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC and priorities. Report useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts to Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Linnell, J.D.C., J.E. Swenson, R. Andersen, and B. Barnes. 2000. How vulnerable Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action GYC are denning bears to citation catalogs disturbance? Wildlife Society Bulletin, 28: 400-413. Loomis, J., D. Reading, and L. Koontz. 2005. The economic values of recreational fishing and boating to Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC visitors and communities along the upper Snake River.Colorado State University useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Report, Fort Collins, CO. Great article, wilderness values are considered in the ecosystem Loomis, J.B. and R. Richardson. 2001. Economic values of the U.S. wilderness benefits to people qualitative analysis.Wilderness values are also system: research GYC represented indirectly in the economic contributions from evidence to date and questions for the future. International Journal of recreation visitation modeled in estimate of jobs and labor Wilderness, 7: 31-34. income provided in the DEIS.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 35 Commenter Title Response Manning, R., 1999. Crowding and carrying capacity in outdoor recreation: from normative standards to GYC standards of quality. Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century. Unable to find article - unable to find doc State College, PA: Venture Publishing, pp.323-34. Manning, R., W. Valliere, B. Minteer, B. Wang, and C. Jacobi. 2000. Crowding in parks and outdoor GYC recreation: a theoretical, empirical, and managerial analysis. Journal of Park and Unable to find article - unable to find doc Recreation Administration, 18: 57-72. Manning, R.E. 2003. Emerging principles for using information/education in Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC wilderness management. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts International Journal of Wilderness, 9: 20-27. Marion, J. and J. Wimpey. 2007. Environmental impacts of mountain biking: science review and best Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC practices. Managing mountain biking, IMBA’s guide to providing great riding, useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA) Boulder:94-111 Marion, J. L., R.G. Dvorak, and R.E. Manning. 2008. Wildlife feeding in parks: methods for monitoring the Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC effectiveness of educational interventions and wildlife food attraction behaviors. on this citation Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 13: 429-442. Marion, J. L., Y.F. Leung,,H. Eagleston, and K. Burroughs. 2016. A review and synthesis of recreation Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC ecology research findings on visitor impacts to wilderness and protected natural useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts areas. Journal of forestry, 114: 352-362. Marion, J.L. 2016. A review and synthesis of recreation ecology research Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC supporting carrying capacity useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts and visitor use management decision making. Journal of Forestry, 114: 339-351.

Marion, J.L. and S.E. Reid. 2007. Minimising visitor impacts to protected areas: Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC the efficacy of low useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts impact education programmes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15: 5-27 Marion, J.L. and Y. Leung. 2001. Trail resource impacts and an examination of Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC alternative assessment useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts techniques. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19: 17-37. Martin, J.G.A. and D. Reale. 2008. Animal temperament and human disturbance: Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC Implications for the and covered by alternative citations response of wildlife to tourism. Behavioural Processes, 77: 66-72 Marzluff, J.M. and E. Neatherlin. 2006. Corvid response to human settlements and campgrounds: Considered - The effects of recreation and infrastructure on GYC causes, consequences, and challenges for conservation. Biological Conservation, wildlife is considered and covered by alternative citations 130: 301-314. McGranahan, D.A., T.R. Wojan, and D.M. Lambert. 2011. The rural growth trifecta: outdoor amenities, Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be GYC creative class, and entrepreneurial context. Journal of Economic Geography, 1: cited in the FEIS. 529-557. Merrill, E.H. 1978. Bear depredations at backcountry campgrounds in Glacier Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC National Park. Wildlife and covered by alternative citations Society Bulletin, 6: 123-127. Miller, S.G., R.L. Knight, and C.K. Miller, 2001. Wildlife responses to pedestrians Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC with dogs. Wildlife and covered by alternative citations Society Bulletin, 29: 124-132. Miller, S.G., R.L. Knight, and C.K. Miller. 1998. Influence of recreational trails on Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC breeding bird and covered by alternative citations communities. Ecological Applications, 8: 162-169. Moen, J. and P. Fredman. 2007. Effects of climate change on alpine skiing in Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC Sweden. Journal of useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Sustainable Tourism, 15: 418-437. Monz, C.A., C.M. Pickering, and W.L. Hadwen. 2013. Recent advances in recreation ecology and the Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC implications of different relationships between recreation use and ecological useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts impacts. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11: 441-446.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 36 Commenter Title Response Monz, C.A., D.N. Cole, Y. Leung, and J.L. Marion. 2010. Sustaining visitor use in protected areas: future Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC opportunities in recreation ecology research based on the USA experience. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Environmental Management, 45: 551-562. Monz, C.A., J.L. Marion, K.A. Goonan, R.E. Manning, J. Wimpey, and C. Carr. 2010b. Assessment and Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC monitoring of recreation impacts and resource conditions on mountain summits: useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts examples from the Northern Forest, USA. Mountain Research and Development, 30: 332-343.

Naylor, L.M., M.J. Wisdom, and R.G. Anthony. 2009. Behavioral responses of Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action GYC North American elk to citation catalogs recreational activity. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 73: 328-338. Neumann, W., G. Ericsson, and H. Dettki. 2009. Does off-trail backcountry skiing Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC disturb moose? and covered by alternative citations European Journal of Wildlife Research, 56: 513-518.

Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC Outdoor Industry Association. 2017. The Outdoor Recreation Economy. Report. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts

Papouchis, C.M., F.J. Singer, and W.B. Sloan. 2001. Responses of desert bighorn Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC sheep to increased and covered by alternative citations human recreation. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 65: 573-582 Patthey, P., S. Wirthner, N. Signorell, and R. Arletazz. 2008. Impact of outdoor winter sports on the Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC abundance of a key indicator species of alpine ecosystems. Journal of Applied and covered by alternative citations Ecology, 45: 1704-1711 Peterson, M.N., V. Hull, A.G. Mertig, and J. Liu. 2008. Evaluating household-level relationships between Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC environmental views and outdoor recreation: The Teton Valley case. Leisure useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Sciences, 30: 293- 305. Phillips, G.E. and A.W. Alldredge, 2000. Reproductive success of elk following Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC disturbance by humans and covered by alternative citations during calving season. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 64: 521-530.

Pickering, C. M., J.G. Castley, andK. Richardt, K. 2012. Informal trails fragmenting endangered remnant Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC vegetation in Australia. In Sixth international conference on monitoring and useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts management of visitors in recreational and protected areas, Stockholm, Sweden, 362-363.

Pickering, C., J.G. Castley, W. Hill, and D. Newsome. 2010. Environmental, safety and management Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC issues of unauthorized trail technical features for mountain bicycling. Landscape useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts and Urban Planning, 97: 58-67. Pickering, C.M. 2010. Ten factors that affect the severity of environmental Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC impacts of visitors in useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts protected areas. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 39: 70-77.

Pickering, C.M. and W. Hill. 2007. Impacts of recreation and tourism on plant biodiversity and vegetation Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC in protected areas in Australia, Journal of Environmental Management, 85: 791- useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts 800. Pickering, C.M., W. Hill, D. Newsome, and Y, Leung. 2010b. Comparing hiking, mountain biking, and Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC horse riding impacts on vegetation and soils in Australia and the United States of useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts America. Journal of Environmental Management, 91: 551-562. Pimentel, D. and N. Kounang. 1998. Ecology of soil erosion in ecosystems. Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC Ecosystems, 1: 416-426. on this citation Pimentel, D., C. Harvey, P. Resosudarmo, K. Sinclair, D. Kurz, M. McNair, S. Crist, L. Shpritz, L. Fitton, Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC R. Saffouri, and R. Blair. 1995. Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion on this citation and conservation benefits. Science, 267: 1117-1123.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 37 Commenter Title Response Pomerantz, G.A., D.J. Decker, G.R. Goff, and K.G. Purdy. 1988. Assessing impact of Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC recreation on and covered by alternative citations wildlife: a classification scheme. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 16: 58-62. Rasker, R. 2012. West is best how public lands in the west create a competitive GYC economic advantage. unable to find doc Headwaters Economics Report, Bozeman, MT, USA. Rasker, R. and A. Hansen. 2000. Natural amenities and population growth in the Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be GYC Greater Yellowstone cited in the FEIS. Region. Human Ecology Review, 7: 30-40. Recreation Impact Science Applications to the Interagency Visitor Use Unpublished literature review. Effects of recreation on resources GYC Management Framework considered in analysis, other studies cited. Reed, S.E. and A.M. Merenlender. 2008. Quiet, non-consumptive recreation Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC reduces protected area and covered by alternative citations effectiveness. Conservation Letters, 1: 146-154. Reed, S.E. and A.M. Merenlender. 2011. Effects of management of domestic dogs and recreation on Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC carnivores in protected areas in Northern California. Conservation Biology, 25: and covered by alternative citations 504-513. Regan, B. 2018. Inventory of Outdoor Recreation in the Greater Yellowstone Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC Ecosystem. Greater useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Yellowstone Coalition Report, Bozeman, MT, USA. Reimers, E., S. Eftestol, and J.E. Colman, 2003. Behavior responses of wild reindeer to direct Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC provocation by a snowmobile or skier. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 67: and covered by alternative citations 747-754. Remacha, C., J.A. Delgado, M. Bulaic, and J. Perez-Tris. 2016. Human disturbance during early life Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC impairs nestling growth in birds inhabiting a nature recreation area. PloS one, 11: and covered by alternative citations pe0166748. Rogala, J., M. Hebblewhite, J. Whittington, C. White, J. Coleshill, and M. Musiani. 2011. Human activity Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC differentially redistributes large mammals in the Canadian Rockies National Parks. and covered by alternative citations Ecology and Society, 16: 16. Rosenberger, R.S., T.R. Bergerson, and J.D. Kline. 2009. Macro-linkages between health and outdoor Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC recreation: the role of parks and recreation providers. Journal of Parks and useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Recreation Administration, 27: 8-20. Rosenberger, S. R., A.L. Bell, A.P. Champ, M. Eric, and E.M. White. 2013. Estimating the economic value GYC of recreation losses in Rocky Mountain National Park due to a mountain pine Analysis and plan consistent with this material beetle outbreak. In Western Economics Forum, 12:31-39.. Sanderson, E.W., M. Jaiteh, M.A. Levy, K.H. Redford, A.V. Wannebo, and G. Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC Woolmer. 2002. The human footprint and the last of the wild. Bioscience, 52: 891- useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts 904. Sanderson, E.W., M. Jaiteh, M.A. Levy, K.H. Redford, A.V. Wannebo, and G. GYC Woolmer. 2002. The Global Scale human footprint and the last of the wild. Bioscience, 52: 891-904. Sato, C.F., J.T. Wood, and D.B. Lindenmayer. 2013. The effects of winter Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC recreation on alpine and and covered by alternative citations subalpine fauna: a systematic review and metaanalysis. PloS one, 8: e64282

Schwartz, C.C., M.A. Haroldson, and G.C. White. 2010. Hazards affecting grizzly Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action GYC bear survival in the citation catalogs Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Journal of Wildlife Management, 74: 654-667.

Shaw, W.D. and J.B. Loomis. 2008. Frameworks for analyzing the economic effects Primary methods paper. The CGNF plan follows CEQ guidance on GYC of climate change climate change analysis. on outdoor recreation. Climate Research, 36: 259-269. Smith, V. H., G.D. Tilman, and J.C. Nekola. 1999. Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental pollution, 100: 179-on this citation 196. Stalmaster, M.V. and J.L. Kaiser. 1998. Effects of recreational activity on wintering Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC bald eagles. Wildlife and covered by alternative citations Monographs, 137: 3-46.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 38 Commenter Title Response Steven, R., C. Pickering, and J.G. Castley. 2011. A review of the impacts of nature Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC based recreation on and covered by alternative citations birds. Journal of Environmental Management, 92: 2287-2294. Stohlgren, T.J. and D.J. Parsons. 1986. Vegetation and soil recovery in wilderness Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC campsites closed to useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts visitor use. Environmental Management, 10: 375-380. Taylor, A.R. and R.L. Knight. 2003. Wildlife responses to recreation and associated Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC visitor perceptions. and covered by alternative citations Ecological Applications, 13: 951-963. Thapa, B. 2010. The mediation effect of outdoor recreation participation on Topic was broad over-view discussion, did not provide specific GYC environmental attitudebehavior useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts correspondence. The Journal of Environmental Education, 41: 133-150. Thiel, D., S. Jenni-Eiermann, V. Braunisch, R. Palme, and L. Jenni. 2008. Ski tourism affects habitat use Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered GYC and evokes a physiological stress response in capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: a new and covered by alternative citations methodological approach. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45: 845-853.

Törn, A., A. Tolvanen, Y. Norokorpi, R. Tervo and P. Siikamäki. 2009. Comparing the impacts of hiking, Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC skiing and horse riding on trail and vegetation in different types of forest. Journal useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts of Environmental Management, 90: 1427-1434 Turner, M.G. 1989. Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annual Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action GYC Review of Ecological citation catalogs Systems, 20: 171-197. Turton, S.M. 2005. Managing environmental impacts of recreation and tourism in Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC rainforests of the wet useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area. Geographical Research, 43: 140-151.

GYC United States Census Bureau. 2017, May 15. United States Census Bureau Effects analysis consistent with this material

Wilson, J.P. and J.P. Seney. 1994. Erosional impact of hikers, horses, motorcycles, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action GYC and off-road bicycles citation catalogs on mountain trails in Montana. Mountain Research and Development, 14: 77-88.

Wimpey, J. and J.L. Marion. 2011. A spatial exploration of informal trail networks Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific GYC within Great Falls useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Park, VA. Journal of Environmental Management, 92: 1012-1022. Wisdom, M.J., A.A. Ager, H.K. Preisler, N.J. Cimon, and B.K. Johnson. 2004. Effects of off-road Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action GYC recreation on mule deer and elk. Transactions of the 69th North American citation catalogs Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, 531-550. Wittemyer, G., P. Elsen, W.T. Bean, A. Coleman, O. Burton, and J.S. Brashare. Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other GYC 2008. Accelerated human literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally population growth at protected area edges. Science, 321: 123-125. relevant. Publication is a broad scale review of sediment in streams and Wood, P. J. and P.D. Armitage. 1997. Biological effects of fine sediment in the GYC rivers. More recent principles have been used in the FEIS and in lotic environment. Environmental management, 21: 203-217. management approaches Wood, P. J. and P.D. Armitage. 1997. Biological effects of fine sediment in the Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based GYC lotic on this citation environment. Environmental management, 21: 203-217. Zaradic, P.A., O.R.W. Pergams, and P. Kareiva. 2009. The impact of nature GYC experience on willingness to Not applicable to forest plan, too general support conservation. PloS one, 4: e7367. Zinn, H.C. and A.R. Graefe. 2007. Emerging adults and the future of wild nature. GYC International Journal Not applicable to forest plan, too general of Wilderness, 13: 16-22. Bunnell, K.D., J.T. Flinders, and M.L. Wolfe. 2006. Potential impacts of coyotes Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Hilary Eisen and snowmobiles on lynx conservation in the Intermountain West. Wildlife citation catalogs Society Bulletin 34:828-838 Buskirk, S.W., L.F. Ruggiero, C.J. Krebs. 2000. Habitat fragmentation and interspecific competition: implications for lynx conservation. Pages 83-100 in Hilary Eisen Cited Ruggiero, L.F., K.B Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, et al. Ecology and conservation of lynx in the contiguous United States. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

Hilary Eisen Flathead National Forest, Forest Plan, Chpt 2, pg 61. Refers to other plans and EISs, not cited.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 39 Commenter Title Response Heinemeyer, K., J. Squires, M. Hebblewhite, J. J. O’Keefe, J. D. Holbrook, and J. Copeland. 2019. Wolverines in winter: indirect habitat loss and functional Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Hilary Eisen responses to backcountry recreation. Ecosphere 10(2):e02611. citation catalogs 10.1002/ecs2.2611. Maples and Bradley 2018. Economic Impact of Snowsports on the Custer Gallatin Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Hilary Eisen National Forest citation catalogs Rocky Mountain Research Station, Science You Can Use Bulletin. Winter Sports Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Hilary Eisen and Wildlife, Can Lynx and Winter Recreation Share The Same Slopes. and covered by alternative citations January/February 2019. Issue 33. Hilary Eisen Winter Wildlands Uphill Rising. 2019 Not relevant to CGNF plan revision Broders, Hugh G.; Forbes, Graham J. 2004. Interspecific and intersexual variation Considered - the topic of roost site selection is considered and Intermountain in roost-site selection of northern long-eared and little brown bats in the Greater covered by other citations (e.g., Perry et al. 2007; USDI FWS Forestry Association Fundy National Park Ecosystem. Journal of Wildlife Management, 68(3): 602-610 2015b)

Intermountain Cryan, P.M. Bogan, M.A Yanega, G.M. 2001. Roosting habits of four bat species in Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Forestry Association the Black Hills of South Dakota. Acta Chiropterologica, 3(1), 43-52. citation catalogs

Cryan, P.M. Bogan, M.A. Altenbach, J.S. 2000. Effect of elevation on distribution Author - Alternative citations by the same author that discuss this Intermountain of female bats in the Black Hills, South Dakota. Journal of Mammology, 81(3), 719- topic, including a citation that cites this manuscript, are included Forestry Association 725. (Cryan et al. 2001) Dodson, Erich K. Peterson, David W. Harrod, Richy. 2008. Understory vegetation Intermountain response to thinning and burning restoration treatments in dry conifer forests of Effects analysis consistent with this material Forestry Association the eastern Cascades, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(8-9): 3130-3140

Graham, Russell T.; Bayard de Volo, Shelley; Reynolds, Richard T. 2015. Northern General/Irrelevant - the manuscript describes the general Intermountain goshawk and its prey in the Black Hills: Habitat assessment. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- ecology/management of the species and is more appropriate for Forestry Association GTR-339. Fort Collins, CO: U.S, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky consideration at the project level Mountain Research Station. 177 p Griffis, Kerry L. Crawford, Julie A. Wagner, Michael R. Moir, W.H. 2001. Intermountain Understory response to management treatments in northern Arizona ponderosa Effects analysis consistent with this material Forestry Association pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 146: 239-245. Krist, Frank J. Ellenwood, James R. Woods, Meghan E. McMahan, Andrew J. Intermountain Cowardin, John P. Ryerson, Daniel E. Sapio, Frank J. Zweifler, Mark O. Romero, Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Forestry Association Sheryl A. 2014. 2013-2027 National insect and disease forest risk assessment. on this citation Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. FHTET-14-01

Logar, Robert D. 2007. Forest understory and wood production response to Intermountain ponderosa pine thinning treatments in southeast Montana. Forestry Technical Effects analysis consistent with this material Forestry Association Note MT-32. McConnell, B.R., Smith, J.G. 1970. Response of understory vegetation to Intermountain ponderosa pine thinning in eastern Washington. Journal of Range Management, Effects analysis consistent with this material Forestry Association 23: 208-212. Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other Intermountain Mitchel, M. Yuan, F. 2010. Assessing forest fire and vegetation recovery in the literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally Forestry Association Black Hills, South Dakota. GIScience and Remote Sensing, 47(2), 276-299. relevant. Moore, Margaret M., Cheryl A. Casey, Jonathan D. Bakker, Judith D. Springer, Peter Z. Fule´, W. Wallace Covington, and Daniel C. Laughlin. 2006. Herbaceous Intermountain Vegetation Responses to Effects analysis consistent with this material Forestry Association Restoration Treatments in a Ponderosa Pine Forest. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 59: 135–144. Roccoforte, John P. Fule, Peter Z, Chancellor, Walker, Laughlin, Daniel C. 2012. Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other Intermountain Woody debris and tree regeneration dynamics following severe wildfires in literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally Forestry Association Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 593- relevant. 604. Savage, Melissa. Mast, Joy Nystrum. 2005. How resilient are southwestern Intermountain Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action ponderosa pine forests after crown fires? Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Forestry Association citation catalogs 35, 967-977.

Intermountain Smith, Edward. 2011. Ecological relationships between overstory and understory Effects analysis consistent with this material Forestry Association vegetation in ponderosa pine forests of the Southwest. .

Stoddard, M. T., McGlone, C. M., Fulé, P. Z., Laughlin, D. C., & Daniels, M. L.. Intermountain (2011). Native plants dominate understory vegetation following ponderosa pine Effects analysis consistent with this material Forestry Association forest restoration treatments. Western North American Naturalist, 71(2), 206–214. Uresk, Daniel. Carleton, Edminster B. Severson, Keith. 2000. Wood and Intermountain understory production under a range of ponderosa pine stocking levels, Black Analysis and plan consistent with this material Forestry Association Hills, South Dakota. Western North American Naturalist, 60(1): 93-97

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 40 Commenter Title Response Uresk, Daniel. Severson, Kieth. 1989. Understory-overstory relationships in Intermountain ponderosa pine forests, Black Hills, South Dakota. Journal of Range Management, Analysis and plan consistent with this material Forestry Association 42(3): 203-208 USFWS. 2013. 12-Month Finding on a Petition to List the Eastern Small-Footed Intermountain Bat and the Northern Long-Eared Bat as Endangered or Threatened Species; NA/Irrelevant - no direct reference to this citation in the text and Forestry Association Listing the Northern Long-Eared Bat as an Endangered Species. 78 Federal the species is not present in the region Register 191, pp 61046-61080. Docket No. FWS-R5-ES-2011-0024

USFWS. 2015. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing the NA/General/Considered/LRP - no direct reference to this citation Intermountain Northern Long-Eared Bat With a Rule Under Section 4(d) of the Act. 80 Federal in the text, the general information available is considered and Forestry Association Register 11, pp 2371-2378. Docket No. FWS-R5-ES-2011-0024 represented by current laws and regulations

Besser TE, Cassirer EF, Potter KA, Foreyt WJ. Exposure of bighorn sheep to James Conner domestic goats colonized with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae induces sub-lethal Cited pneumonia. PLoS One. 2017 Jun 7). Bighorn Sheep & Domestic Sheep and Goats. The relationship between domestic sheep and goats & Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action James Conner pneumonia in bighorn sheep, and the pathogens citation catalogs involved. FWP. 2017 James Wilder, Andrew Pils Risk Analysis of Disease Transmission Between James Halverson General/Considered Domestic Sheep and Goats and Rocky Mountatin Bighorn Sheep 2017

Adapting to Climate Change on Western Public Lands: Addressing the Ecological Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Jeff Juel Effects of Domestic, Wild, and Feral Ungulates citation catalogs Kimberley T. Davis, Solomon Z. Dobrowski, Philip E. Higuera, Zachary A. Holden, Thomas T. Veblen, Monica T. Rother, Sean A. Parks, Anna Sala, and Marco P. Maneta. Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests across a critical Jeff Juel Cited in FEIS climate threshold for tree regeneration. PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) published ahead of print March 11, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815107116 Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Jeff Juel Whitlock, Cross, Maxwell, Silverman, Wade. 2017 Montana Climate Assessment citation catalogs 2007: Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth WildlandsDefense citation catalogs Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action A CARBON BUDGET FOR FORESTS OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES WildlandsDefense citation catalogs This paper focuses on ESA listed anadromous fish and a screening A COARSE SCREENING PROCESS FOR EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF LAND JeffJuel/ AWR/ rocess recommended for the John Day, Clearwater and Umatilla MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ON SALMON WildlandsDefense River basins and thus this paper is not relative to the CGNF FPR SPAWNING AND REARING HABITAT IN ESA CONSULTATIONS revision. It is unclear how the commentor want this type of information in this paper dissemnitated into the FPR revision.This IBI approach to water resource management is dated and doesn’t a take into JeffJuel/ AWR/ A long neglected aspect of water resource management account the PIBO dataset that has now been employed on forest WildlandsDefense lands for many years providing insight into aquatic organisms, their habitat, and the influences of management. More relevant aers have been cited in the DEIS analysis.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ A Review of Methods for Quantifying, Wildlife Habitat in Large Landcapes. N/A - Requires purchase; No review needed WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Achievable future conditions as a framework for Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense guiding forest conservation and management. citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Adapting to Climate Change on Western Public Lands: Addressing the Ecological Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense Effects of Domestic, Wild, and Feral Ungulates citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Among Whales N/A - unable to find doc and therefore unable to review WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ An environmental narrative of Inland Northwest United States forests, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense 1800–2000 citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ And the Damage Caused by Post-Fire Logging Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Aquatic and Other Environmental Impacts of Roads: The Case for Road Density as JeffJuel/ AWR/ Indicator of Human Disturbance and Road- Density Reduction as Restoration unable to find doc WildlandsDefense Target; A Concise Review JeffJuel/ AWR/ Are High-Severity Fires Burning at Much Higher Rates Recently than Historically in National scale, similar science from author cited in EIS WildlandsDefense Dry-Forest Landscapes of the Western USA? JeffJuel/ AWR/ ASSESSING THE EXTENT TO WHICH ROADLESS AREAS COMPLEMENT THE Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 41 Commenter Title Response Assessing the value of roadless areas in a conservation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action reserve strategy: biodiversity and landscape connectivity in WildlandsDefense citation catalogs the northern Rockies JeffJuel/ AWR/ Opinion article, not peer reviewed. Better sources available and Backcountry thinning is not the way to healthy forests WildlandsDefense used

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Numerous other fire-related citations used in EIS including several WildlandsDefense by William Baker that cover similar topics Baker, William L. Fire ecology in Rocky Mountain landscapes . Island Press, 2009. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Beaver Believers' say dam-building creatures can make the American West lush Not reliable - Interview of author of above article WildlandsDefense again; Interview with Goldfarb, 2018 BEAVERS, REBOOTED; Artificial beaver dams are a hot restoration strategy, but General/Irrelevant - Article is about the benefits of beavers per se JeffJuel/ AWR/ the projects aren’t always welcome; By Ben Goldfarb, in the Scott Valley, and specifically the development of artificial beaver dams; has no WildlandsDefense California; 2018 specific relevance to a Forest Plan

Beiler K.J., Suzanne W. Simard, Sheri A. Maxwell & Annette M. Kretzer (2009). JeffJuel/ AWR/ Architecture of the wood-wide web: Rhizopogon spp. genets link multiple Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Douglas-fir cohorts, New Phytologist, JeffJuel/ AWR/ Bet-hedgingdry-forestresiliencetoclimate- Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based WildlandsDefense changethreatsinthewesternUSAbasedonhistoricalforeststructure on this citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Beyond Kyoto: forest management in a time of rapid climate change Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Biocentric Ecological Sustainability: A Citizen's Guide Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Biological Integrity versus Biological Diversity as Policy Directives WildlandsDefense on this citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Biological Integrity versusBiological Diversity as Policy Directives WildlandsDefense on this citation

JeffJuel/ AWR/ General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Blackbacked Woodpecker Assessment WildlandsDefense species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Briefing Paper from Fish and Wildlife Service Staff to Bill unable to find doc WildlandsDefense Shake, Regional Fish Program Manager JeffJuel/ AWR/ Bristow Area Restoration Project Environmental Assessment, Kootenai National Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based WildlandsDefense Forest on this citation Buskirk, S.W., L.F. Ruggiero, C.J. Krebs. 2000. Habitat fragmentation and JeffJuel/ AWR/ interspecific competition: implications for lynx conservation. Pages 83-100 in Cited WildlandsDefense Ruggiero, L.F., K.B Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, et al. Ecology and conservation of lynx in the contiguous United States. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other JeffJuel/ AWR/ Can fuel-reduction treatments really increase forest carbon storage in the literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally WildlandsDefense western US by reducing future fire emissions? relevant. Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other JeffJuel/ AWR/ Canada lynx use of burned areas: Conservation implications of changing fire literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally WildlandsDefense regimes relevant. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carbon Sequestration in forests: Addressing the Scale Question WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Carbon sequestration in the U.S. forest sector from 1990 to 2010 WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ CARNIVORES AS FOCAL SPECIES FOR CONSERVATION PLANNING IN THE ROCKY Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense MOUNTAIN REGION citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION WORKSHEET: RESOURCE CONSIDERATIONS SOILS Not relevant to programmatic document WildlandsDefense Smith Shields Forest Health Project JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cattle Grazing is a climate disaster, and youre paying for it Magazine article, could not find. better, peer review info available WildlandsDefense

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Challenges in Connecting Cumulative Effects Analysis to General/Irrelevant - General manuscript suggesting analytical WildlandsDefense Effective Wildlife Conservation Planning approaches to population viability, one of many such approaches

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based CHAPTER 4 - PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND RESPONSE TO PUBLIC COMMENT WildlandsDefense on this citation Subject/topic CONSIDERED and analyzed but addressed by other JeffJuel/ AWR/ Chapter 4: Reliability and Validity literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally WildlandsDefense relevant JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action CO2 emissions from forest loss WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Collateral Damage: The Environmental Effects of Firefighting The 2002 Biscuit Fire Used the citation in the Environmental Consequences section of WildlandsDefense Suppression Actions and Impacts Fire and Fuels JeffJuel/ AWR/ Combining resource selection and movement behavior to predict corridors for General - general manuscript on the ecosystem value of beaver WildlandsDefense Canada lynx at their southern range periphery

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 42 Commenter Title Response Comparisons JeffJuel/ AWR/ between wildfire and forest harvesting and their implications in forest Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense management JeffJuel/ AWR/ Composition of Bird Communities Following Stand-Replacement Fires in Northern Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense Rocky Mountain (U.S.A.) Conifer Forests citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Considering Ecological Processes in Environmental Impact Statements Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Correlates of Canada Lynx Reproductive Success in Northwestern Montana. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Repeat - see above comment WildlandsDefense Master of Science inwildlife biology JeffJuel/ AWR/ Death Rides the Forest: Perceptions of Fire Land Use and Ecological Restoration Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense of Western Forests JeffJuel/ AWR/ Decaying organic materials and soil quality in the inland northwest: a Analysis and plan consistent with this material WildlandsDefense management opportunity JeffJuel/ AWR/ Defining and Implementing Best Available Science for Fisheries and Paper not relevant to writing a FPR document. WildlandsDefense Environmental Science, Policy, and Management Defoliation of interior Douglas-fir elicits carbon transfer and stress signalling to Plan and analysis consistent with this material; Comment does not JeffJuel/ AWR/ ponderosa pine indicate need to modify analysis or plan based on this particular WildlandsDefense neighbors through ectomycorrhizal networks citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Distribution and Broadscale Habitat Relations of the Wolverine in the Contiguous Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense United States citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Does increased forest protection correspond to higher fire severity Used the citation in the Terrestrial vegetation section WildlandsDefense in frequent-fire forests of the western United States?

This paper focuses on ESA listedfishbull trout and redband rainbow trout, neither of which are native or present on the CGNF, and effects from 2 of the most devastating fires, at the JeffJuel/ AWR/ Does Wildfire Threaten Extinction for Salmonids? Responses of Redband Trout time, on the Boise National Forest. As stated in the introduction WildlandsDefense and Bull Trout Following Recent Large Fires on the Boise National Forest this paper was based on very preliminary work and was prepared to start a discussion.This paper is not relevant for planning purposes on the CGNF, more relevant literature has been cited.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Draft Environmental Impact Statement Grizzly Vegetation and Transportation Not reliable - opinion piece WildlandsDefense Management Project Three Rivers Ranger District, Kootenai National Forest

Draft Environmental Impact Statement Pine Mountain Late-Successional Reserve CG NF analysis uses a variety of literature sources related to JeffJuel/ AWR/ Habitat Protection and Enhancement Project Lake and Mendocino Counties, future climate and the use of the natural (historical) range of WildlandsDefense California variability, that are equally or more relevant to the plan area.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT: LAKEVIEW-REEDER FUELS Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense REDUCTION PROJECT Plan and analysis consistent with this material, not clear how JeffJuel/ AWR/ Ecological Integrity: integrating environment, conservation and health. commenter thinks plan/analysis should be amended based on WildlandsDefense citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Ecosystem Management and the Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity and unable to find doc WildlandsDefense Ecological Integrity. This paper describes the need for a “reserve” approach within ecosystem management, particularly for aquatic communities. The 2012 Planning Rule mandates a Conservation Watershed JeffJuel/ AWR/ ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION OF AQUATIC BIODWERSITY Network (CWN) with a purpose to identify and designate, in WildlandsDefense AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY Forest Plan Revision, high priority watersheds for long term aquatic species habitat conservation. The DEIS appendix has a section on CWN with maps, HUC names, etc. for the Custer Gallatin Network.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Effect of Fuels Reduction on American Martens and Their Prey WildlandsDefense species, inclusive in project level analysis

paper is specific to Sierra Nevada. The potential for vegetation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Effect of Tree-to-Shrub Type Conversion in Lower Montane Forests of the Sierra type conversions is addressed in the terrestrial vegetation section WildlandsDefense Nevada (USA) on Streamflow of the FEIS using citations more relevant to the project area.

Effects of Livestock Grazing on Stand Dynamics and Soils in Upland Forests of the JeffJuel/ AWR/ Interior West Citation added to FEIS WildlandsDefense Study (in PNW) conducted on a forest type not applicable to the JeffJuel/ AWR/ Effects of silvicultural practices on carbon stores in Douglas-fir – western hemlock CG NF. Carbon is addressed using other citations more relevant to WildlandsDefense forests in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.: results from a simulation model the plan area.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 43 Commenter Title Response JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Effects on Carbon Storage of Conversion of Old-Growth Forests to Young Forests WildlandsDefense citation catalogs Evaluating Sediment Production by Activities Related to Forest Uses - JeffJuel/ AWR/ CGNF uses other literature citations equally or more relevant to A Pacific Northwest Perspective WildlandsDefense the plan area to address potential watershed effects from logging

Subject/topic CONSIDERED and analyzed but addressed by other JeffJuel/ AWR/ Evaluation of EIS Alternatives by the Science Integration Team literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally WildlandsDefense relevant JeffJuel/ AWR/ EVALUATION OF LANDSCAPE MODELS FOR WOLVERINES IN General - general paper on world extinction rates WildlandsDefense THE INTERIOR NORTHWEST, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A more relevant and recent paper (Roper et al 2019) was cited in the DEIS.This paper looks at the effects of planning policy JeffJuel/ AWR/ Evaluation of potential effects of federal land management alternatives on trends decisions made by the Forest Service relative to aquatic and WildlandsDefense of salmonids and their habitats in the interior Columbia River basin riparian habitat and thus is more relevant at the programmatic scale of the FPR document. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Evidence for Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense declining forest resilience to wildfires under climate change citation catalogs

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Expert Interview Summary for the Black Hills National Forest Land and Resource General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense Management Plan Amendment species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Factors Supporting Road Removal and/or Obliteration, Memo from Kootenai Could not find WildlandsDefense Forest Application This paper looks at mechanisms of sediment deposition to streams in hardwood forest with no riparian buffers and JeffJuel/ AWR/ Fine sediment deposition in streams after selective forest harvesting without mechanical equipment used near streams.The DEIS has RMZ's of WildlandsDefense riparian buffers 100'+ where mechanized equipment and harvest, unless for the benefit of RMZ's, will not be allowed.THus this paper will not benefit the DEIS analysis.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Fire Probability, Fuel Treatment Effectiveness and Ecological Tradeoffs in Western Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense U.S. Public Forests JeffJuel/ AWR/ FIRE SCARRING PATTERNS IN SIERRA NEVADA WILDERNESS AREAS BURNED BY Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense MULTIPLE WILDLAND FIRE USE FIRES JeffJuel/ AWR/ Fire Severity in Conifer Forests of the Sierra Nevada, California Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Fire, fuels and restoration of ponderosa pine–Douglas fir forests in the Rocky Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense Mountains, USA citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Fire-induced erosion and millennialscale climate change in northern Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense ponderosa pine forests

JeffJuel/ AWR/ General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Flammulated, Boreal, and Great Gray Owls in the US WildlandsDefense species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Forest Carnivore Conservation and Management in the Interior Columbia Basin: Analysis and plan consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Issues and Environmental Correlates JeffJuel/ AWR/ Forest fuel reduction alters fire severity and long-term carbon storage. in three Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense Pacific Northwest ecosystems citation catalogs The revised plan is consistent with many of the recommendations in this study, including protections for riparian areas and JeffJuel/ AWR/ Forest health: moving beyond rhetoric to restore healthy landscapes in the inland establishment of a network of undeveloped land allocations. The WildlandsDefense Northwest analysis uses other citations to describe the effects of forest management versus natural disturbance, that are equally or more relevant.

Plan and analysis consistent with this material; Comment does not JeffJuel/ AWR/ Forest Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Report for 1998. indicate need to modify analysis or plan based on this particular WildlandsDefense citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Forest Roads: A Synthesis of Scientific Information WildlandsDefense citation catalogs Forest sector carbon management, measurement and JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action verification, and discussion of policy related to mitigation WildlandsDefense citation catalogs and adaptation of forests to climate change JeffJuel/ AWR/ Forest Service Roadless Area Conservation Final Environmental Impact Statement Duplicate WildlandsDefense Volume 1 Forest Service JeffJuel/ AWR/ Roadless Area Conservation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense Draft Environmental Impact Statement citation catalogs Volume 1 JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Forest Thinning Changes Movement Patterns and Habitat Use by Pacific Marten WildlandsDefense citation catalogs

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 44 Commenter Title Response JeffJuel/ AWR/ Forest thinning to prevent wildland fire….vigorously contardicted by current Comment is unclear how citation should be used. WildlandsDefense science JeffJuel/ AWR/ Fuel the Burn: The Climate and Public Health Implicationsof Off-road Vehicle Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense pollution in California citation catalogs Effects analysis consistent with this material, however the citation Global Ecology and Biogeography (2014) 23, 831-835 High-severity fire refutes the low severity historic fire paradigm for dry forests. JeffJuel/ AWR/ corroborated in historical dry forests of the western United States: response to Terrestrial veg section acknowledges this viewpoint, but includes WildlandsDefense Fulé et al. and relies upon other science with the prevailing view of frequent low severity fires in the warm dry, savanna PVT

JeffJuel/ AWR/ GOSHAWK NEST-SITE CHARACTERISTICS IN WESTERN MONTANA AND NORTHERN General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense IDAHO’ species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Goshawk Reproduction and Forest Management WildlandsDefense species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Habitat Use by Three-toed and Black-backed Woodpeckers, Deschutes National General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense Forest species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Halbert et al., Genetic Population Substructure in Bison at Yellowstone National Considered - the genetic and population viability of bison is WildlandsDefense Park, Journal of Heredity: 1–11 (Advance Access published Feb. 8, 2012). considered and covered by alternative citations

Insufficient context in letter to understand nature of comment or JeffJuel/ AWR/ Hammer and Juel 2016. Annotated Bibliography of Literature on The Ecological how to apply BASI at programmatic level. The effects of particular WildlandsDefense Benefits of Fire salvage logging projects must be assessed at project-level to understand how it is or is not consistent with BASI.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Hayman Fire Case Study WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Hazards Affecting Grizzly Bear Survival in the Greater Yellowstone Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense Ecosystem citation catalogs

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Highland et al. 2018. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in Wildlife Species beyond Topic covered by other sources WildlandsDefense Subfamily Caprinae. Emerging Infectious Diseases 24(12):2384-2386

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Historical, Observed, and Modeled Wildfire Severity in Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Montane Forests of the Colorado Front Range JeffJuel/ AWR/ How wildfires change landscapes in a changing climate Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Human Society Under Threat Global scale WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Impact of infrastructure on habitat selection of wolverines N/A - Book that is not available for review WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Inclusion of the Boreal toad (Bufo boreas boreas) on the Sensitive Species List for Considered - the topic of population connectivity is considered WildlandsDefense all Region 1 Forests. and covered by alternative citations JeffJuel/ AWR/ Integrated Scientific Assessment for Ecosystem Management in the Interior Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Columbia Basin And Portions of the Klamath and Great Basins

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee: FIVE-YEAR (2018-2022) PLAN GOALS, Considered/Existing policy - Topics are considered and covered by WildlandsDefense OBJECTIVES AND 2018 PLANNED ACTIONS alternative citations, including by the same organization

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2018 Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Interim Protection for Late-Successional Forests, Fisheries, and Watersheds could not find WildlandsDefense Inter-plant communication through JeffJuel/ AWR/ Plan and analysis consistent with this material; Comment does not mycorrhizal networks mediates complex adaptive behaviour in plant WildlandsDefense indicate need to modify analysis or plan based on this citation communities. Study (in California) conducted on a species not applicable to the JeffJuel/ AWR/ INVASIBILITY OF ROADLESS GRASSLANDS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF YELLOW CG NF (starthistle). The potential threats, effects, and drivers of WildlandsDefense STARTHISTLE invasive plants is addressed using other citations more relevant to the plan area.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Is Global Warming Causing More, Larger Wildfires Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Key Issues in Fire Regime Research for Fuels Management and Ecological Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Restoration Better, peer reviewed information on old growth available and JeffJuel/ AWR/ Kootenai National Forest Policy Old Growth Validation Process used; Comment does not indicate specific need to modify analysis WildlandsDefense or plan based on this particular citation

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 45 Commenter Title Response JeffJuel/ AWR/ Landscape Connectivity: An Essential Element of Land Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Management Policy Brief

JeffJuel/ AWR/ General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Letter to Carly Walker of Misoula County Rural Initiatives WildlandsDefense species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Letter to President Clinton Urging the protection of roadless areas from 136 unable to find doc WildlandsDefense scientists. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Listening to the Message of the Black-backed Woodpecker, a Hot Fire Analysis and plan consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Specialist. The forest plan does not allow clearcutting to stream edges as was one of the treatments in this study re: FWRMZGDL07. This JeffJuel/ AWR/ Litter decomposition can detect effects of high and moderate levels of forest study also looked at removal of 50% basal area within the riparian WildlandsDefense disturbance on stream condition reserve, and this also could not happen unless it could be demonstrated that it would maintain or enhance the RMZ.re: FWRMZ_STD02 JeffJuel/ AWR/ Livestock Grazing and Weed Invasions Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense in the Arid West citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Logan Creek Ecosystem Restoration Project Final Environmental unable to find doc WildlandsDefense Impact Statement. JeffJuel/ AWR/ LONG-TERM SEDIMENTATION EFFECTS OF Analysis and plan consistent with this material WildlandsDefense DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF TIMBER HARVESTING

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Lynx Ecology in the Intermountain West General/Not Reliable - manuscript is an anecdotal description of a WildlandsDefense single stream and the effects of beaver removal

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Lynx ecology in the Intermountain General/Considered - General information covered by other WildlandsDefense West: research program summary, summer 2006. citations JeffJuel/ AWR/ Making Forest Planning Great Again? Early Implementation of the Forest Service's Opinion articleComment does not indicate specific need to modify WildlandsDefense 2012 National Forest Planning Rule. analysis or plan based on this particular citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Management and Land Use Buffers #N/A (Could not open link or not informative to Plan Revison) WildlandsDefense

More recent papers have demonstrated that West of the continental divide Riparian buffers (often previously referred to as RHCA’s) have been successful in protecting riparian areas. These buffers, at 300 feet, were implemented based on having a buffer that was 2 tree lengths long as evidence supported the ability of fallen trees to reach streams and provide CWD input to streams. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Management and Land Use Buffers. With average tree heights in the pacific northwest and beyond WildlandsDefense being at 150 feet, 300 feet became a consistent riparian buffer. However, on the Custer Gallatin the Forest is east of the continental divide and much less naturally productive in terms of growing bigger trees. Internal data shows tree heights are less then 100 feet, thus our riparian buffers, RMZ’s, of 200 feet are warranted.

This aper talks about how land uses can degrade fish habitat in JeffJuel/ AWR/ Management History of Eastside Ecosystems: Changes in Fish Habitat Over 50 eastern WA and OR.Similar, more recent, and more relevant WildlandsDefense Years, 1935 to 1992 literature has been used in the DEIS. Management of aquatic resources in large catchments: JeffJuel/ AWR/ Recognizing interactions between ecosystem connectivity and environmental unable to find doc WildlandsDefense disturbance. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Management recommendations for the Northern goshwk in the Southwestern Research not for plan area, better info available WildlandsDefense united States JeffJuel/ AWR/ Managing fire-prone forests in the western Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense United States MANAGING LANDBIRD POPULATIONS IN FORESTS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST: FORMULATING POPULATION MANAGEMENT JeffJuel/ AWR/ General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the GUIDELINES FROM LANDSCAPESCALE WildlandsDefense species, inclusive in project level analysis ECOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF MAPS DATA FROM AVIAN COMMUNITIES ON SEVEN NATIONAL FORESTS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST Manlove et al. 2019. Risk factors and productivity losses associated with JeffJuel/ AWR/ considered - topic as it relates to wildlife and ecosystem Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in United States domestic sheep WildlandsDefense management is considered and covered by alternative citations operations. Preventive Veterinary Medicine Volume 168:30-38 JeffJuel/ AWR/ Memo to District Rangers and Program Officers From Lolo NF Supervisor Deborah unable to find doc WildlandsDefense Austin Plan and analysis consistent with this material, not clear how JeffJuel/ AWR/ Meta-networks of fungi, fauna and flora as commenter thinks plan/analysis should be amended based on WildlandsDefense agents of complex adaptive systems. citation

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 46 Commenter Title Response Methane from food production could be wildcard JeffJuel/ AWR/ in combating climate change, Stanford scientist Better, peer reviewed information available WildlandsDefense says JeffJuel/ AWR/ Modeling potential outcomes of fire and fuel management scenarios on the Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense structure of forested habitats in northeast Oregon, USA

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Montana Fish, WIdlife, and Parks, 2005. Animal Field Guide: Boreal Toad. N/A/General - Webpage does not work; no review needed WildlandsDefense http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us/animalguide/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AAABB01030

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Multi Scale Habitat Relationships of Martes americana in Northern Idaho, U.S.A. WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Multiscale Habitat Use by Wolverines in British Columbia, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense Canada citation catalogs

JeffJuel/ AWR/ National Level Assessment of Water Quality Impairments Related to Forest unable to find doc WildlandsDefense Roads and Their Prevention by Best Management Practices

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Nature’s Dangerous Decline ‘Unprecedented’ Global scale WildlandsDefense

JeffJuel/ AWR/ NESTING HABITAT SELECTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OP NORTHERN GOSHAWKS IN General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense WEST-CENTRAL MONTANA species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Northern Goshawk Detection Survey – 2005 Not reliable - news article WildlandsDefense

JeffJuel/ AWR/ General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Northern Goshawk Inventory and Monitoring Technical Guide WildlandsDefense species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Northern Wolverine Project V/olverine Ecology in Logged and Unlogged Plateau N/A - no access to the document therefore unable to review WildlandsDefense and Foothill Landscapes JeffJuel/ AWR/ Notes from the National Soil Program Managers meeting in Reno as related to could not find WildlandsDefense soil quality issues. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Off-Highway Vehicles in Montana Popular and a Growing Part of the Economy WildlandsDefense citation catalogs

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Old Growth Habitat and Associaged Wildlife Species in the Northern Rocky Plan and analysis consistent with this material; Comment does not WildlandsDefense Mountains indicate need to modify analysis or plan based on this citation

CGNF uses the BASI to define old growth (Green et al 1992, errata JeffJuel/ AWR/ corrected 2011), which is more current than the definitions used Old Growth Habitat Characteristics and Management Guidelines WildlandsDefense in this document (1984). Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based on this citation

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action OLD-GROWTH FOREST TYPES OF THE NORTHERN REGION WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Open Letter to Decision Makers Concerning Wildfires in the West National scale/policy WildlandsDefense Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other JeffJuel/ AWR/ OUR SEDIMENTATION BOXES RUNNETH OVER: PUBLIC LANDS SOIL LAW AS THE literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally WildlandsDefense relevant. JeffJuel/ AWR/ OVERSIGHT HEARING ON ‘‘THE ROLE OF FEDERAL LANDS IN COMBATING Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense CLIMATE CHANGE’’ citation catalogs General/Existing Policy - the manuscript outlines the social- JeffJuel/ AWR/ ecological challenges of managing large carnivores and supports Political populations of large carnivores WildlandsDefense transparency of understanding, a standard held by the USFS by statue and regulation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Population Viability Analysis and Management Wildlife commentBev(citation is in support of comment) WildlandsDefense

JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Effects from Vegetation, Timber, Fuels and Fire Management Postfire Management on Forested Public Lands of the Western United States WildlandsDefense section of the DEIS has more recent literature.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Pragmatic population viability targets in a rapidly changing world WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Public land, timber harvests, and climate mitigation: Quantifying carbon Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense sequestration potential on U.S. public timberlands citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Radiocarbon Constraints imply reduced carbon uptake by soils during the 21st Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense century citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Reducing Fire Risks to Save Fish – A Question of Identifying Risk Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Reducing the Wildland Fire Threat to Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Homes: Where and How Much?

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 47 Commenter Title Response JeffJuel/ AWR/ Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world's most Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense carbon-dense forests PNAs citation catalogs Regional and Seasonal Patterns of Nutritional Condition and Reproduction in Elk; RACHEL C. COOK, JOHN G. COOK, DAVID J. VALES, BRUCE K. JOHNSON, SCOTT M. MCCORQUODALE, LISA A. SHIPLEY, ROBERT A. RIGGS, LARRY L. IRWIN, SHANNON JeffJuel/ AWR/ L. MURPHIE, BRYAN L. MURPHIE, KATHRYN A. SCHOENECKER, FRANK GEYER, P. Topic covered by other sources WildlandsDefense BRIGGS HALL, ROCKY D. SPENCER, DAVE A. IMMELL, DEWAINE H. JACKSON, BRETT L. TILLER, PATRICK J. MILLER, LOWELL SCHMITZ, 2013

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Relationships Between Hole-Nesting Birds, Forest Snags, and Decay in Western General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense Larch-Douglas-Fir Forests - of the Northern Rocky Mountains species, inclusive in project level analysis

Subject/topic CONSIDERED and analyzed but addressed by other JeffJuel/ AWR/ REPORT OF THE SIXTH MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally WildlandsDefense CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY relevant JeffJuel/ AWR/ Resampling Methods for Evaluating Classification General/Irrelevant - General manuscript on model theory and WildlandsDefense Accuracy of Wildlife Habitat Models approach

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Plan and analysis consistent with this material; Comment does not Resource transfer between plants through ectomycorrhizal fungal networks WildlandsDefense indicate need to modify analysis or plan based on this citation

General/Considered - Manuscript represents a comprehensive JeffJuel/ AWR/ review of the possible impacts of roads on fish and wildlife Review of Ecological Effects of Roads on Terrestrial and Aquatic Communities WildlandsDefense populations, the general information within is inclusive of any number of citations that are more current

The RMZ plan components, which provide robust protections to JeffJuel/ AWR/ Roadless areas and clean water waterbodies and surrounding riparian areas, apply across all WildlandsDefense alternatives and the entire CGNF regardless if roadless or not.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Roads elicit negative movement and habitat-selection responses by wolverines Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense (Gulo gulo luscus) citation catalogs

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Rocky Mountain forests at Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense risk: Confronting climate-driven impacts from insects, wildfires, heat, and drought

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Role of Forest Ecosystems in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation WildlandsDefense on this citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Ruminants, climate change and climate policy WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Savant Sage Final Environmental Impact Statement, Idaho Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based WildlandsDefense Panhandle National Forests. on this citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Saving Natures Lgacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Citation supports comment that was addressed in response to Science Consistency Reviews A Primer for Application WildlandsDefense comments

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Science Review of the United States Forest Service Draft Citation supports comment that was addressed in response to WildlandsDefense Environmental Impact Statement for National Forest System Land Management comments

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Scientific Independence: A Key to Credibility General information , not cited WildlandsDefense This report is an intensive road inventory effort in one specific watershed (Middle Fork Payette River) with a TMDL on the Boise JeffJuel/ AWR/ Scriver Creek Road Inventory (GRAIP) Report National Forest. This very specific report will be helpful in the WildlandsDefense future for project level road inventory efforts, but it is not relevant at the programmatic scale of Forest Plan Revision.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Seasonal Resource Selection of Canada Lynx in Managed Forests of the Northern Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action WildlandsDefense Rocky Mountains citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF TIMBER HARVEST AND WEATHER ON NORTHERN General - General reference to the benefits of beavers to WildlandsDefense GOSHAWK REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN IDAHO ecosystems

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Snag density and use by cavity-nesting birds in managed stands of the Black Hills General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense National Forest species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Soil quality standards and guidelines for forest sustainability in Analysis and plan consistent with this material WildlandsDefense northwestern North America JeffJuel/ AWR/ Source Habitats for Terrestrial Vertebrates of Focus in the Interior Columbia General - broad topic book WildlandsDefense Basin: Broad-Scale Trends and Management Implications JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Sources and Patterns of Wolverine Mortality in Western Montana WildlandsDefense citation catalogs

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 48 Commenter Title Response JeffJuel/ AWR/ Spatio-temporal responses of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) to silvicultural General - general reference to history of beavers in North America WildlandsDefense treatments in the Northern Rockies, U.S. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Species Extinction Rates ‘Accelerating’ Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Status of the Interior Columbia Basin Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense SURVEY OF LIVESTOCK INFLUENCES ON STREAM AND RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS IN JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action THE WESTERN UNITED STATES WildlandsDefense citation catalogs

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Sustaining the People’s Lands Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH LIVESTOCK WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Temporal patterns in aquatic and avian communities following selective logging Irrelevant - references a very different ecosystem WildlandsDefense in the Upper Great Lakes Region. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Public Lands and JeffJuel/ AWR/ Environmental Regulation of the Committee on Natural Resources of the United Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense States House of Representatives on the Depleting Risk from Insect Infestation, Soil Erosion, and Catastrophic Fire Act of 2013. JeffJuel/ AWR/ The BlackBacked and Three Toed Woodpeckrs: Life Histroy, Habitat Use, and General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense Monitoring Plan. species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action The Carbon Crop: Continued WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Ecological Importance of Mixed-Severity Fires: Nature’s Phoenix Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Ecological Importance of Severe Wildfires: Some Like it Hot Used the citation in the Terrestrial vegetation section WildlandsDefense The effects of land use on environmental features and functional organization of JeffJuel/ AWR/ Because this paper is focused on a temperate region of South macroinvertebrate communities in Patagonian low order streams WildlandsDefense America it is not relevant for CGNF FPR revision.

This paper references conditions (a previous much different forest plan then CGNF and an aggressive timpber production program) on a national forest in Idaho that is much different ecologically JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Failure of Existing Plans to Protect Salmon Habitat in the and in a timber production sense than the CGNF.The paper WildlandsDefense Clearwater National Forest in Idaho compares these management paradigms to how fish habitat was or is affected.Because the CGNF has a much different ecological landscape and management paradigm the results of this aper on not relevant to the CGNF FPR revision effort.

Plan and analysis consistent with this material; Comment does not JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Fragmented Forest:Island Biogeography theory and the preservation of biotic indicate need to modify analysis or plan based on this particular WildlandsDefense diversity citation JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action The global methane budget 2000-2012 WildlandsDefense citation catalogs The Great American Stand: US Forests and the Climate Emergency. Why the JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action United States needs an aggressive forest protection agenda focused in its own WildlandsDefense citation catalogs backyard. JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action The growing role of methane in anthropogenic climate change WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Important Role of Standards in National Forest Planning, Law and Publication is on a general planning topic which was considered WildlandsDefense Management but not specifically cited.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ The influence of forest fragmentation and landscape pattern on American General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense martens species, inclusive in project level analysis

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action The Interaction of Fire, Fuels, and Climate across Rocky Mountain Forests WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Myth of Catastrophic Wildlfire: A New Ecological Paradigm of Forest Health Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Relationship Between Land Management Activities And Habitat The CGNF does not have, and is not historically, bull trout and WildlandsDefense Requirements Of Bull Trout therefore this aper is not relative. JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Role of Protected Areas as Ecological Baselines Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ The role of wood hardness in limiting nest site selection in avian General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the WildlandsDefense cavity excavators species, inclusive in project level analysis

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 49 Commenter Title Response JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Science Consistency Review A Tool To Evaluate the Use of Scientific Citation supports comment that was addressed in response to WildlandsDefense Information in Land Management Decisionmaking comments JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Scientific Basis for Conserving Forest Carnivores: American Marten, Fisher, General - general paper on world extinction rates WildlandsDefense Lynx,and Wolverine in the Western United States In this FPR revision there are strong protections of RMZ's for the first 100', at least, adjacent to streams including no mechanical treatments. The premise of this paper is thatmechanical fuel treatments may not be beneficial to watersheds and could be JeffJuel/ AWR/ THE WATERSHED IMPACTS OF FOREST TREATMENTS degradatory.The forest plan does not make specific project WildlandsDefense TO REDUCE FUELS AND MODIFY FIRE BEHAVIOR decisions and this plan has multiple plan components in the vegetation, fire, and watershed section that will have to be addressed at the project level of analysis, not forest plan level, which will ensure ecological integrity is maintained or enhanced.

Better, more local information on top predators available and JeffJuel/ AWR/ The Wild Trees: a story of passion and daring used. Comment does not indicate specific need to modify analysis WildlandsDefense or plan based on this particular citation Toward Meaningful Snag-Management Guidelines for JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Postfire Salvage Logging in North American Conifer WildlandsDefense citation catalogs Forests JeffJuel/ AWR/ Travel Analysis Report, Spring Gulch Travel Analysis, Cabinet This report concerns a different National Forest, not relevant WildlandsDefense Ranger District, Kootenai National Forest, 2010 JeffJuel/ AWR/ TREGO EA Response to Comments Soils (duplicate in soils) WildlandsDefense Used citation in Terrestrial Vegetation section, however the citation refutes the low severity historic fire paradigm for dry JeffJuel/ AWR/ Uncertainty in surface-fire history: the case of ponderosa pine forests in the forests. Terrestrial veg section acknowledges this viewpoint, but WildlandsDefense western United States includes and relies upon other science with the prevailing view of frequent low severity fires in the warm dry, savanna PVT.

This paper focues on the effects of urban induced effects to JeffJuel/ AWR/ Urbanization and the natural drianage system- Impacts, Solutions and Prognoses hydrology.This information is not relevant for the FPR revision WildlandsDefense effort. Subject/topic CONSIDERED and analyzed but addressed by other JeffJuel/ AWR/ USDA Forest Service Roadless Areas: Potential Biodiversity Conservation Reserves literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally WildlandsDefense relevant Appendix B of the FEIS contains details on methods and key assumptions used in plan revision process, including how models were tailored to the CGNF, how management area designations JeffJuel/ AWR/ USDA Objectivity of Regulatory Information and plan guidance was used to inform the process and how WildlandsDefense models were tested and parameterized. Appendix B was updated between draft and final to capture important changes and clarify key assumptions. Also see Concern/Response # 537.

Appendix B of the FEIS contains details on methods and key assumptions used in plan revision process, including how models were tailored to the CGNF, how management area designations JeffJuel/ AWR/ USDA Objectivity of Scientific Research Information and plan guidance was used to inform the process and how WildlandsDefense models were tested and parameterized. Appendix B was updated between draft and final to capture important changes and clarify key assumptions. Also see Concern/Response # 537.

Appendix B of the FEIS contains details on methods and key assumptions used in plan revision process, including how models were tailored to the CGNF, how management area designations JeffJuel/ AWR/ USDA Objectivity of Statistical and Financial Information and plan guidance was used to inform the process and how WildlandsDefense models were tested and parameterized. Appendix B was updated between draft and final to capture important changes and clarify key assumptions. Also see Concern/Response # 537.

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Viability Analysis in Biological Evaluations: Concepts of Population Viability Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense Analysis,Biological Population, and Ecological Scale JeffJuel/ AWR/ Volume IV: Restoration of Stressed Sites, and Processes Plan and analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense This document is not relative to the FPR watershed analysis.The JeffJuel/ AWR/ Watershed Health in Wilderness, Roadless, and Roaded Areas of the National new RMZ plan components provide extensive protections to rmz's WildlandsDefense Forest System regardless of wilderness, etc. or not.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 50 Commenter Title Response Unclear where citation is sourced - explains how interim RHCA JeffJuel/ AWR/ Where did the 300 feet come from? widths based on science from west of cascades. Issue of RMZ WildlandsDefense width for CGNF is addressed in EIS JeffJuel/ AWR/ National scale, does not directly apply, news article, better Why isn’t the U.S. counting meat producers’ climate emissions? WildlandsDefense sources available JeffJuel/ AWR/ Wildfire Threat Analysis in the Boulder River Canyon; Revisited Effects analysis consistent with this material WildlandsDefense JeffJuel/ AWR/ Wildlife Conservation Planning Under the United States Forest Service’s 2012 Existing policy/N/A - case briefing not science WildlandsDefense Planning Rule

JeffJuel/ AWR/ General/Irrelevant - Report discussion innumerable broad Wildlife Habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington WildlandsDefense subjects, all of which are focused on Washington and Oregon

JeffJuel/ AWR/ Wildlife Habitat-Relationships Models: Description and Evaluation of Existing General - General book chapter on modelling approaches WildlandsDefense Frameworks JeffJuel/ AWR/ Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Wolverine Conservation and Management WildlandsDefense citation catalogs JeffJuel/ AWR/ Considered - the topic of disease management in bison was WOLVERINE HABITAT GUIDELINESFOR THE MALHEUR NATIONAL FOREST WildlandsDefense considered and covered by alternative citations JeffJuel/ AWR/ WORLD VIEW Opinionno response needed WildlandsDefense Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other JeffJuel/ AWR/ YOUNG DODGE; Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally WildlandsDefense relevant. Burgin, S., and Hardiman, N., 2012, is the evolving sport of mountain biking Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Jim Schmitt compatible with fauna conservation in national parks?: Australian Zoology, v. 36, citation catalogs p. 201-208. Ceballos, G., and Ehrlich, P. R., 2018, The misunderstood sixth mass extinction: Jim Schmitt General - general paper on world extincition rates Science, v. 360, no. 6393, p. 1080-1081. Ceballos, G., et al., 2017, Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth extinction Jim Schmitt signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines: Proceedings of the General - general paper on world extincition rates National Academy of Sciences, v. 114 (30), p. E6089-E6096.

Costello, C.M., et al., 2013, Response of American black bears to the non- Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Jim Schmitt motorized expansion of a road corridor in Grand Teton National Park: Ursus, v. and covered by alternative citations 24, no. 1, p. 54-69 Dirzo, R., et al., 2014, Defaunation in the Anthropocene: Science, v. 345 (6195), Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Jim Schmitt p. 401-406. citation catalogs

Morelli, T.L., et al., 2017, Climate change refugia and habitat connectivity Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Jim Schmitt promote species persistence: Climate Change Responses, v. 4, no. 8, p. 1-12. on this citation

Potapov, P., et al., 2017, The last frontiers of wilderness: tracking loss of intact Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Jim Schmitt forest landscapes from 2000 to 2013: Science Advances, v. 3, no. 1, e1600821. on this citation

Serra-Diaz, J.M., et al., 2018, Disequilibrium of fire-prone forests set the stage for Jim Schmitt a rapid decline in conifer dominance during the 21st century: Scientific Reports, Effects analysis consistent with this material v. 8:6749. Shafer, C.L., 2015, Land use planning: a potential force for retaining habitat Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Jim Schmitt connectivity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and beyond: Global Ecology on this citation and Conservation, v. 3, p. 256-278 Smith, F.A., et al., 2018, Body size downgrading of mammals over the late General/Irrelevant - general information about world wildlife Jim Schmitt Quaternary: Science, v. 360 (6386), p. 310-313 population trends not relevant to planning Turner, M.G., et al., 2019, Short-interval severe fire erodes the resilience of Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Jim Schmitt subalpine lodgepole pine forests: Proceedings of the National Academy of citation catalogs Sciences, 10.1073. Watson, J.E.M., et al., 2016, Persistent disparities between recent rates of habitat Jim Schmitt conversion and protection and implications for global conservation targets: Global scale Conservation Letters, v. 9, no. 6. Westerling, A.L., et al., 2011, Continued warming could transform Greater Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Jim Schmitt Yellowstone fire regimes by mid-21st century: Proceedings of the National citation catalogs Academy of Sciences, 10.1073. Elk responses to trail-based recreation on public forests Michael J. Wisdoma,, John Seebach Haiganoush K. Preislerb, Leslie M. Naylorc,1, Robert G. Anthonyd,2, Bruce K. Cited Johnsone, Mary M. Rowlanda. 2018. Secretarial Order 3362 “Improving Habitat Quality in Western Big-Game Winter John Seebach General/Exhisting policy Range and Migration Corridors Beschta et. al. 2014. Reducing livestock effects on public lands in the western Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Josh Osher United States as the climate changes: A reply to Svejcar et al. Environmental citation catalogs Management, 53(6), 1039-1042. doi:10.1007/s00267-014-0263-5

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 51 Commenter Title Response Booker et al. 2013. What can ecological science tell us about opportunities for Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Josh Osher carbon sequestration on arid rangelands in the United States? Global on this citation Environmental Change 23: 240-251

Bradley, Bethany A.; Curtis, Caroline A.; Chambers, Jeanne C. 2016. Bromus Plan and Analysis consistent with this material/Comment does not Josh Osher response to climate and projected changes with climate change [Chapter 9] indicate need to modify analysis or plan based on this citation

Daryanto et al. 2013. Managing semi-arid woodlands for carbon storage: grazing and shrub effects on above- and belowground carbon. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Josh Osher Environment 169: 1–11. See also Austreng, A.C. 2012. The carbon budget impact citation catalogs of sagebrush degradation, M.S. Thesis, Boise State Univ.

Meyer, S. E. 2011. Is climate change mitigation the best use of desert Article was not written about montane systems or the northern Josh Osher shrublands?, Natural Resources and Environmental Issues: 17(2) . USFS. 2010. Evaluation of Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep for Sensitive Species Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Josh Osher Status in R1 citation catalogs Austreng et al. (2011) “Carbon sequestration in semi-arid ecosystems: Potential Josh Osher benefits of sagebrush restoration.” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting not directly applicable 2011, abstract B23F-08 Batchelor et al. 2015. Restoration of riparian areas following the removal of cattle Josh Osher in the northwestern Great Basin. Environ. Manage. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-014- This was cited in DEIS 0436-2 Conditions favouring Bromus tectorum dominance of endangered sagebrush Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Josh Osher steppe ecosystems. Reisner, Michael D.; Grace, James B.; Pyke, David A.; citation catalogs Doescher, Paul S. 2013. Journal of Applied Ecology. Gebrehaweria Kidane Reda. 2018. Effect of grazing exclusion on carbon storage Josh Osher on grazing lands: A review, International Journal of Development Research, 8: Study is done at global scale, not directly applicable. 22870-22878 this is an interesting article, suggests that other ungulates outside Highland et al. 2018. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in Wildlife Species beyond of sheep/goats may act as a reservoir for M. ovi. However as Josh Osher Subfamily Caprinae. Emerging Infectious Diseases 24(12):2384-2386 there is not data on interspecies transmission this is very preliminary, Jones, A. 2019. Do mechanical vegetation treatments of pinyon-juniper and Josh Osher sagebrush communities work? A review of the literature. Wild Utah Project, Salt Does not apply to CG. Lake City, UT Manlove et al. 2019. Risk factors and productivity losses associated with considered - topic as it relates to wildlife and ecosystem Josh Osher Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in United States domestic sheep management is considered and covered by alternative citations operations. Preventive Veterinary Medicine Volume 168:30-38

Qin et. al. 2015. Effects of livestock exclusion on soil physical and biochemical Josh Osher Study done in China, more local info available properties of a desert rangeland. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 24: 2587–2595

Josh Osher USDA – FOREST SERVICE NATIONAL ALLOTMENT NEPA SCHEDULE 2017 – 2028 Supplemental information to comment

Wolfe et al. 2010. A bighorn sheep die-off in southern Colorado involving a Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Josh Osher Pasteurellaceae strain that may have originated from syntopic cattle. Journal of citation catalogs Wildlife Disease 46(4):1262-8 Demography and Population Trend of Grizzly Bears in the Swan Mountains, General/Considered - topic of grizzly bear demography is Katie Scherfig Montana. Richard D. Mace and John S. Waller. Conservation Biology, Vol. 12, No. considered and covered by alternative citations, including 5 (Oct., 1998), pp. 1005-1016. Wiley for Society for Conservation Biology citations by the same authors kenneth hansen USGS Interactive Fault Map Not applicable to plan development Not relevant. Issue is with city utilities and plastic pipe Kerry White Benzene Contamination in Paradise Water Supply (video) infrastruture. Not relevant. Issue is with city utilities and plastic pipe Kerry White Benzene found in the water supply of fire-ravaged Paradise, California infrastruture. Not relevant. Issue is with city utilities and plastic pipe Kerry White Benzene Water Contamination Plagues Fire-Damaged California City infrastruture. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Kerry White Breakpoints for Particulate Concentrations citation catalogs Not relevant. Issue is with city utilities and plastic pipe Kerry White California wildfires caused unexpected benzene contamination of drinking water infrastruture. TELEMETERED HEART RATE OF THREE ELK AS AFFECTED By Activity and Human Dated/Not reliable - Very dated, and preliminary study based on Kerry White Disturbance; Ward and Cupal, too few samples to extrapolate Kerry White Wildland Firefighter Smoke Exposure Effects analysis consistent with this material Kerry White Wolverines and Winter Rec: Sharing the Snow. Not reliable Allendorf, F. W., Harris, R. B. & Metzgar, L. H. 1990. Estimation of Effective Population Size of Grizzly Bears by Computer Simulation. Symposium Considered - The topic of bear genetics and connectivity was Lance Craighead proceedings, Evolution and Ecology of Small Populations. In The Unity of considered and covered by more recent citations, e.g., USDI FWS Evolutionary Biology, ed. Dudley, E. C. Bioscorides Press, Univ. of Maryland, 2017, Kamath et al. 2015 College Park. pp. 650–654.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 52 Commenter Title Response Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Craighead Bailey, J.A., 2013. Rewilding an icon. Helena, MT. Sweetgrass Books. 238 pp. citation catalogs Balmford A., A. Bruner, P. Cooper, R. Costanza, S. Farber, R.E. Green, M. Jenkins, P. Jefferiss, V. Jessamy, Article case studies review land conversion (i.e. privatization) for J. Madden, K. Munro, N. Myers, S. Naeem, J. Paavola, M. Rayment, S. Rosendo, J. industrial uses.The alternatives for the Forest Plan represent a Lance Craighead Roughgarden, range of traditional public uses, not conversion to plantation or K. Trumper and R. K. Turner. 2002. Economic Reasons for Conserving Wild other such privatization of public land and ecosystems. Nature. Science, New Series, 297 (5583) Aug. 9, 2002. pp. 950-953.

Belovsky, G. 1987. Extinction models and mammalian persistence. Pp. 35-58 in M. Considered - The topic of bear genetics and connectivity was Lance Craighead E. Soulé, ed., Viable populations for conservation. Cambridge University Press, considered and covered by more recent citations, e.g., USDI FWS Cambridge 2017, Kamath et al. 2015 Boyle, S.A. and F.B. Samson. 1985. Effects of nonconsumptive recreation on Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Lance Craighead wildlife: a review. Wildlife and covered by alternative citations Society Bulletin, 13: 110-116. General/Considered - Used as a general reference focused on landscape connectivity , a topic widely considered and covered by Breitenmoser, U., C. Breitenmoser-Wurston, L. Carbyn, S. Funk. 2001. Assessment other more recent citations (e.g., Northern Continental Divide Lance Craighead of carnivore reintroductions. In J. Gittleman, S. Funk, D. MacDonald, and R. Ecosystem Subcommittee 2018, USDA FS 2006, Western Wayne (eds.) Carnivore conservation, pp. 241-281. Cambridge University Press. Governors’ Association 2008, Hansen 2009, McIntyre and Ellis 2011, Parks et al. 2012, Cushman et al. 2012, Wade et al. 2015, Haber and Nelson 2015, Mclure et al. 2016)

Claar, J. J., N. Anderson, D. Boyd, M. Cherry, B. Conard, R. Hompesch, S. Miller, G. Olson, H. Ihsle Pac, J. Waller, T. Wittinger, H. Youmans. 1999. Carnivores. Pages Lance Craighead 7.1– 7.63 in Joslin, G. and H. Youmans, coordinators. Effects of recreation on NA - Repeat of above citation Rocky Mountain wildlife: A Review for Montana. Committee on Effects of Recreation on Wildlife. Montana Chapter of The Wildlife Society. 307pp.

Clark, E., K. Schlenker, and C. Filardi. 2012. Wilderness Character Monitoring Already reviewed citation ( "yes" earlier column) Cited in FEIS Lance Craighead Report Hyalite Porcupine Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area. U.S. Forest Service, under the heading Wilderness Study Area Affected Environment Region 1 Gallatin National Forest. 109 pp. (Existing Condition) Cole, D.N., R.L. Knight, 1990. Impacts of recreation on biodiversity in wilderness. General/Dated - manuscript talks about broad and general topics Lance Craighead In: Wilderness Area: Their Impacts - Proceedings of a Symposium; Logan, UT. related to recreation, much of the detail is based on non-specific Logan, UT: Utah State University: 33- effects and very dated literature Craighead, F. Lance, and E.R. Vyse. 1996. Chapter 14: Brown and grizzly bear Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Craighead metapopulations. In: Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation. D. McCullough citation catalogs (Ed.). Island Press. pp. 325-351 Craighead, F. Lance, M. Gilpin, and E.R. Vyse. 1999. Chapter 11: Genetic Considered - The topic of bear genetics and connectivity was considerations for carnivore conservation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Lance Craighead considered and covered by more recent citations, e.g., USDI FWS In: Carnivores in Ecosystems Clark, T., S. Minta, and P. Karieva (Eds.). Yale 2017, Kamath et al. 2015 University Press. 429 pp. We reviewed the report and comments citing it. We did not cite the work because the concerns and/or findings associated with it Craighead, Lance, Wilderness, Wildlife, and Ecological Values of the Hyalite- Lance Craighead were addressed with plan components and/or analyses which Porcupine-Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area, 2015. Page 6, 8, 17 were supported by peer reviewed published science as well as local Forest Service data. Czech, B., P. R. Krausman, and P. K. Devers. 2000. Economic associations among Lance Craighead Too general, societal level meta review of theoretical concepts. causes of species endangerment in the United States. BioScience 50:593-601.

Diamond, J. M. (1975). The island dilemma: lessons of modern biogeographic Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Lance Craighead studies for the design of nature reserves. Biological Conservation, 1, 129-146. on this citation

Federal Highway Administration and The National Recreational Trails Advisory Lance Craighead Unable to find document - unable to find doc Committee. 68 pp plus Bibliography, 7 pp

FHWA. 1994. Conflicts on Multiple-Use Trails: Synthesis of the Literature and Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific Lance Craighead State of the Practice useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts

Godin, V. B. and Leonard, R. E., 1979: Management problems in designated Lance Craighead Unable to find document - unable to find doc wilderness areas. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 34: 141-143.

Hanski, I. A. and M. E. Gilpin. 1997. Metapopulation biology: ecology and Lance Craighead Effects analysis consistent with this material evolution. Toronto, Academic Press. Hedrick, P.W. 1996. Genetics of metapopulations: Aspects of a comprehensive Considered - The topic of bear genetics and connectivity was Lance Craighead prospective. In: D. McCullough (Ed.) Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation considered and covered by more recent citations, e.g., USDI FWS Management. Island Press, Washington DC and Covelo CA. Chapter 3: pp. 29-51. 2017, Kamath et al. 2015

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 53 Commenter Title Response Hedrick, P.W., and M.E. Gilpin. 1996. Metapopulation genetics: Effective population size. In I. Hanski and Lance Craighead M. Gilpin, (Eds.) Metapopulation dynamics: Ecology, genetics, and evolution. NA - Repeat of above citation Academic Press, New York. Pp. 1-29

Ittelson, W. H., Proshansky, H. M., Rivlin, L. G. & Winkel, G. H. (1974). An NA/Dated - No specific reference to this citation within the letter, Lance Craighead introduction to environmental psychology. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston. moreover there are significant advances in this topic

Jalkotzy, M.G., P.I. Ross, and M.D. Nasserden. 1997. The Effects of Linear Developments on Wildlife: A Review of Selected Scientific Literature. Prep. For Considered - The effects of road and recreation infrastructure on Lance Craighead Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Arc Wildlife Services Ltd., Calgary. wildlife is considered and covered alternative citations 115pp Leslie, R.G., and S.G. Taylor. 1985. The Wilderness Continuum Concept and its Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific Lance Craighead Implications for Australian Wilderness Preservation Policy. Biological useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Conservation 32 (1985) 309 333. Leung, Y. and J.L. Marion. 2000. Recreation Impacts and Management in Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific Lance Craighead Wilderness: A State-of- Knowledge Review. USDA Forest Service Proceedings useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts RMRS-P-15-VOL-5. 2000 Levins, R. 1970. Extinction, pp. 77-107. In Gerstenhaber (ed.), Lectures on Lance Craighead mathematics in the life sciences, vol. 2. American Mathematical Society, More recent information available - unable to find doc Providence, RI. Broad policy discussion on Federal Lands, too general.Logging Losos, E., J. Hayes, A. Phillips, D. Wilcove, and C. Alkire. 1995. Taxpayer-subsidized Lance Craighead case study refers to the early 90's logging era on the Idaho Pan resource extraction harms species. BioScience 45:446-455. Handle. Article was published in 1995.

Considered - The topic of bear genetics and connectivity was Mattson, D. J., and T. Merrill. 2002. Extirpations of grizzly bears in the contiguous Lance Craighead considered and covered by more recent citations, e.g., USDI FWS United States, 1850- 2000. Conservation Biology 16:1123-1136 2017, Kamath et al. 2015

McNeely, J.A. 2015. A political future for protected areas. Oryx, 2015, 49(2), Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific Lance Craighead 189–190. useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts

Merrill, T., D. J. Mattson, R. G. Wright, and H. B. Quigley. 2005. Unpublished. Considered - The topic of bear genetics and connectivity was Lance Craighead Analysis of the current and future availability and distribution of suitable habitat considered and covered by more recent citations, e.g., USDI FWS for grizzly bears in the transboundary Selkirk and Cabinet Yaak ecosystem 2017, Kamath et al. 2015

Considered - Topic considered and covered by alternative Nietvelt, C. 2002. The Effects of Roads on Wildlife: Bibliography. U.S. Forest citations (e.g., Claar et al. 2003, Schwartz et al. 2010, van Manen Lance Craighead Service Bridger-Teton National Forest. 73 pp. et al. 2013, Costello et al. 2014, Yellowstone Ecosystem Subcommittee 2016) Paetkau, D., L. Waits, P. Clarkson, L. Craighead, E. Vyse, R. Ward, and C. Strobeck. Considered - The topic of bear genetics and connectivity was Lance Craighead 1997. Dramatic variation in genetic diversity across the range of North American considered and covered by more recent citations, e.g., USDI FWS brown bears. Conservation Biology. 12:418-426. 2017, Kamath et al. 2015 Pickering, C.M., W. Hill, D. Newsome, and Y, Leung. 2010b. Comparing hiking, mountain biking, andhorse riding impacts on vegetation and soils in Australia and Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific Lance Craighead the United States of America. Journal of Environmental Management, 91: 551- useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts 562. General/Considered - Used as a general reference focused on landscape connectivity , a topic widely considered and covered by Picton, H. D. 1986. A possible link between Yellowstone and Glacier grizzly bear other more recent citations (e.g., Northern Continental Divide populations. Int. Conf. Lance Craighead Ecosystem Subcommittee 2018, USDA FS 2006, Western Bear Res. and Mgmt. 6:7-10. Governors’ Association 2008, Hansen 2009, McIntyre and Ellis 2011, Parks et al. 2012, Cushman et al. 2012, Wade et al. 2015, Haber and Nelson 2015, Mclure et al. 2016)

Potential paths for male-mediated gene flow to and from an isolated grizzly bear population; By: CHRISTOPHER P. PECK, FRANK T. VAN MANEN, CECILY M. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Craighead COSTELLO, MARK A. HAROLDSON, LISA A. LANDENBURGER, LORI L. ROBERTS, citation catalogs DANIEL D. BJORNLIE AND RICHARD D. MACE; 2017

Reed S. E. and A. M. Merenlender. 2008. Quiet, nonconsumptive recreation Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Lance Craighead reduces protected area effectiveness. Conservation Letters 1: 146-154. and covered by alternative citations

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 54 Commenter Title Response Rodrigues, A.S.L, S.J. Andelman, M.I. Bakarr, L. Boitani, T. M. Brooks, R.M. Cowling, L.D.C. Fishpool, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Kevin J. Gaston, M. Hoffmann, Ja.S. Long, P.A. Marquet, J.D. Pilgrim, R.L. Pressey, J. Schipper, W. Sechrest, S.N. Stuart, L.G. Underhill, R. W. Waller, Lance Craighead Global Scale M.E.J. Watts and X. Yan. 2015. Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature. Vol. 428640-643.

Schlenker, Kimberly. 2003. Hyalite Porcupine Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area Character Assessment. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Craighead Gallatin National Forest. 46pp. citation catalogs

Snetsinger, S.D. and K. White. 2009. Recreation and Trail Impacts on Wildlife Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Craighead Species of Interest in Mount Spokane State Park. Pacific Biodiversity Institute, citation catalogs Winthrop, Washington. 60 p. Soule, M.E. 1980. Thresholds for survival: maintaining fitness and evolutionary potential. In: Soule, M.E., and B.A. Wilcox (Eds) Conservation Biologyan Lance Craighead More recent information available - unable to find doc evolutionary ecological perspective. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass. pp 151 169. Sprung, G. 2004. Natural Resource Impacts of Mountain Biking – A Summary of Lance Craighead Scientific Studies that Compare Mountain Biking to Other Forms of Trail Travel. In Not reliable - non-scientific study Trail Solutions: IMBA's Guide to Building Sweet Singletrack

Stokowski, P.A. and C.B. LaPointe. 2000. Environmental and Social Effects of ATVs Considered - Topic was considered and cover by other literature Lance Craighead and ORVs: An Annotated Bibliography and Research Assessment. School of (e.g., Kolbe et al. 2007, Stubblefield 2006) Natural Resources. University of Vermont, Burlington, VT. 32 pp.

Taylor, A., and R.L. Knight. 2003. Wildlife responses to recreation and associated visitor perceptions. Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Lance Craighead Ecological Applications, Vol.13, No.4, 2003, pp.951-63. and covered by alternative citations

Thurston, E., and R.J. Reader. 2001. Impacts of experimentally applied mountain Topic was broad overview discussion, did not provide specific Lance Craighead biking and hiking on vegetation and soil of a deciduous forest. Environmental useful information to this Forest's plan revision efforts Management, Vol.27, No.3, 2001, pp. 397-409. USDA 1985. Hyalite-Porcupine Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Report. Final Cited in FEIS under the heading Wilderness Study Area Affected Lance Craighead Report and Environmental Impact Statement. Hyalite-Porcupine Buffalo Horn Environment (Existing Condition) Wilderness Study Act Areas P.L.95-150. Gallatin National Forest.

Weaver, J.L. 2014. Conservation Legacy on a Flagship Forest: Wildlife and Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Craighead Wildlands on the Flathead National Forest, Montana. Wildlife Conservation citation catalogs Society Working Paper No. 43. Bronx, New York, USA. Wisdom, M. J., A. A. Ager, H. K. Preisler, N. J. Cimon, and B. K. Johnson. 2004. Considered/Author - Topic was considered, and more recent Lance Craighead Effects of off-road recreation on mule deer and elk. Transactions of the North literature by the same author referenced (Wisdom et al. 2018) American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference 69: 531–550.

Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Adaptation to Climate Change in Forest Management citation catalogs Information reviewed but not cited, bur oak acknowledged in Lance Olsen Appendix I: Bur oak (unknown source) response to comments Lance Olsen As the west goes dry National scale, general topic addressed Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Chapter 5 Effects of Climate Change on Forest Vegetation in the Northern Rockies citation catalogs Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Climate Change and Forests of the Future: Managing in the Face of Uncertainty citation catalogs Effects of Climate Change on Forest Lance Olsen Citation in FEIS Vegetation in the Northern Rockies Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Evidence for declining forest resilience to wildfires under climate change citation catalogs Not applicable as the forest plan does not consider assisted Lance Olsen Fire Information Effect System migration Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Lance Olsen Global Warming: Stop Worrying, Start Panicing? on this citation

High and dry: post-fire tree seedling establishment in subalpine forests decreases Lance Olsen Used in FEIS with post-fire drought and large stand-replacing burn patches Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Lance Olsen Insights Magazine-Seeking Resilience in Marine Ecosystems on this citation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Livelihood resilience in the face of climate change citation catalogs

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 55 Commenter Title Response Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Moisture availability limits subalpine tree establishment citation catalogs Mountain Landscapes Offer Few Oppurtunities for High Elevation Tree Migration Lance Olsen Used in FEIS Oppurtunities Northern Rockies Adaptation partnership (Ch. 5 Effects of Climate Change on Lance Olsen Used in FEIS Forest Vegetation in the Northern Rockies) Practical Approach for Translating Climate Change Adaptation Principles into Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Forest Management Actions citation catalogs Prescribed Fire in Oak Savanna: Fire Frequency Effects on Stand Structure and Information reviewed but not cited, bur oak acknowledged in Lance Olsen Dynamics response to comments Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Resilence and Stability in Ecological Systems citation catalogs Short-interval severe fire erodes the resilience of Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Lance Olsen subalpine lodgepole pine forests on this citation Snow Drought Risk and Susceptibility in the Western Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Lance Olsen United States and Southwestern Canada on this citation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lance Olsen Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance citation catalogs

Tree recruitment at the treeline across the Continental Divide in the Northern Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Lance Olsen Rocky Mountains, USA: the role of spring snow and autumn climate on this citation

Alberta bear experts warn of conflicts with cyclists as woman recovers from Lauren McCain Not reliable - popular article attack; By Jill Croteau Reporter Global News; 2016 Board of Review: The death of Mr. Brad Treat due to a grizzly bear attack on June Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lauren McCain 29, 2016 on the Flathead National Forest; March 3, 2017 citation catalogs

COMPATIBILITY OF BROWN BEAR Ursus arctos AND FREE-RANGING SHEEP IN Considered - the topic of livestock depredation is considered and Lauren McCain NORWAY; Jens Thomas Sagor, Jon E. Swenson & Eivin Roskaft; 1997 covered by alternative citations

GRIZZLY BEARS THAT KILL LIVESTOCK; By: RICHARDR . KNIGHT and STEVEN L. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lauren McCain JUDD; 1983 citation catalogs

INJURY TO PEOPLE INFLICTED BY BLACK, GRIZZLY OR POLAR BEARS: RECENT Considered - Human-bear conflict is considered and covered by Lauren McCain TRENDS AND NEW INSIGHTS; By: STEPHEN HERRERO, SUSAN FLECK; 1989 alternative citations

Population Fragmentation and Inter-Ecosystem Movements of Grizzly Bears in Western Canada and the Northern United States; By: MICHAEL F. PROCTOR, DAVID PAETKAU, BRUCE N. MCLELLAN, GORDON B. STENHOUSE, KATHERINE C. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Lauren McCain KENDALL, RICHARD D. MACE, WAYNE F. KASWORM, CHRISTOPHER SERVHEEN, citation catalogs CORI L. LAUSEN, MICHAEL L. GIBEAU, WAYNE L. WAKKINEN, MARK A. HAROLDSON, GARTH MOWAT, CLAYTON D. APPS, LANA M. CIARNIELLO, ROBERT M. R. BARCLAY, MARK S. BOYCE, CHARLES C. SCHWARTZ, CURTIS STROBECK; 2012

Relationships Among Grizzly Bears, Roads and Habitat in the Swan Mountains Lauren McCain Montana; Richard D. Mace; John S. Waller; Timothy L. Manley; L. Jack Lyon; Hans Considered; Topic covered by other sources Zuuring The Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 33, No. 6 (Dec., 1996)

General - the manuscript describes a tool for assessing Montana Mitigation System Habitat Quantification Tool Technical Manual For Len Broberg development impacts on sage-grouse, the tool is more Greater Sage-Grouse”, 2018. Montana.gov, appropriate for consideration in project level analysis This paper is specific to arctic and boreal grasslands with Arp, C.D., et al., 2013. “Analyzing the Impacts of Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) Trails on Linda Healow permafrost soils, which the CG does not have and thus we find Watershed Processes in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska this paper not relevant to the DEIS of this FPR weffort.

Impacts of Off-Road Recreation On Public Lands Habitat. Colorado Chapter of Linda Healow Plan/Analysis consistent with material Backcountry Hunters and Anglers. Canfield, J., Pengeroth, D., Tomasik, E., Dibenedetto, J., Northern Region Geospatial Group, Taylor, S., . . . Conway, L. (2013). Custer, Gallatin, Helena, and General/Irrelevant - report is reference to project design, not Linnaea Schroeer Lewis and Clark National Forests. Framework for project-level effects analysis on forest planning elk Lyon, L. J. 1983. Road Density Models Describing Habitat for Elk. Journal of Linnaea Schroeer Cited in EIS Forestry 81:592–596. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and USDA Forest Service. 2013. U.S. Forest Service and Montana Department of Fish Wildlife and Parks Collaborative Overview and Recommendations for Elk Habitat Management on the Custer, Gallatin, Helena, Linnaea Schroeer Cited and Lewis and Clark National Forests. Unpublished paper on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Gallatin National Forest Supervisor’s Office, Bozeman, MT. 36 pp.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 56 Commenter Title Response Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. (2013). U.S. Forest service and Montana department of fish wildlife and parks collaborative overview and Linnaea Schroeer Cited recommendations for elk habitat management on the Custer, Gallatin, Helena, and Lewis and Clark National Forests. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2007. Memorandum of Understanding and Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Linnaea Schroeer Conservation Agreement for Westslope Cutthroat and Yellowstone Cutthroat citation catalogs Trout in Montana. 37 pp.

Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2010. Montana Bighorn Sheep Conservation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Linnaea Schroeer Strategy. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Helena, Montana. 313 pp. citation catalogs

Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2013. Montana Statewide Fisheries Management Linnaea Schroeer the newest version of this was cited in the DEIS. Plan, 2013-2018. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Helena, Montana. 478 pp.

Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2018. Montana's Statewide Comprehensive Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Linnaea Schroeer Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP). citation catalogs Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 2015. Montana’s State Wildlife Action Plan. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Linnaea Schroeer Helena, Montana. 441 pp. citation catalogs Ranglack, D., B. Garrott, J. Rotella, K. Proffitt, J. Gude, and J. Canfield. 2016a. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Linnaea Schroeer Security areas for maintaining elk on publicly accessible lands during archery and citation catalogs rifle hunting seasons in southwestern Montana. 38 pp.

Ranglack, D., B. Garrott, J. Rotella, K. Proffitt, J. Gude, and J. Canfield. 2016b. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Linnaea Schroeer Evaluating elk summer resource selection and applications to summer range citation catalogs habitat management. 36 pp. Spoon, R. and J. Canfield. 1999. Elkhorn Mountains Westslope Cutthroat Trout Linnaea Schroeer Restoration Program – Mountain Range Programmatic Environmental appears relevant to the HLC forest, not CG Assessment. April 28, 1999. 34 pp. Existing policy - Document describes policy that is existing or Louisa Wilcox 1982 FWS Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan subsequently updated Existing policy - Document describes policy that is existing or Louisa Wilcox 1997 supplement to its 1993 Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan subsequently updated

Arno, S.F., & R.J. Hoff (1989). Silvics of Whitebark Pine (Pinus Albicaulis):General N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Technical Report INT-253. Intermountain Research Station, US Forest Service. referenced in comments

Arno, S.F., & T. Weaver (1989).Whitebark Pine Community Types and Their Patterns on the Landscape. Paper presented to the symposium on whitebark pine N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox ecosystems, ecology and management of a high mountain resource. Bozeman, referenced in comments MT. Aune, K., & W. Kasworm ( 1989). Final Report East Front Grizzly Bear Study.Montana Department of Fish Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Wildlife & Parks.

Baer, L. D., & Butler, D. R. (2000). Space-time modeling of grizzly bears. Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Geographical Review, 90(2), 206-221. Barrett, J. (2001). Paving Over Paradise: A Study of Rural Growth in the Border Lands of Yellowstone National Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be Louisa Wilcox Park.Montana State University and Park County Environmental Council. cited in the FEIS. - unable to find doc

Bartlein, P., K. Willock & S. Shafer (1997). Future Climate in the Yellowstone Park Region and Its Potential Impact on Vegetation. Conservation Biology, Vol. 11, No. N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox 3: 782-792. referenced in comments

Bawling, R., G. Meyer & S.G. Wells (1992). Climate Change in Yellowstone Park: Is Louisa Wilcox Concepts covered in (Westerling et al 2011) which is cited the Drought Related Risk of Wildfires Increasing? Climate Change, Vol. 22: 35-45.

Bellemain, E., Swenson, J. E., & Taberlet, P. (2006). Mating Strategies in Relation to Sexually Selected Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Infanticide in a Non-Social Carnivore: the Brown Bear. Ethology, 112(3), 238-246.

Berger, J. (1999). Anthropogenic extinction of top carnivores and interspecific animal behaviour: implications of the rapid decoupling of a web involving wolves, Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments bears, moose and ravens. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 266(1435), 2261-2267. Berger, J. (2007). Fear, human shields and the redistribution of prey and Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments predators in protected areas. Biology letters, 3(6), 620-623.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 57 Commenter Title Response Berger, J., & D. Daneke ( 1988). Effects of Agricultural, Industrial and Recreational Expansion on Frequency of Louisa Wilcox Wildlife Law Violations in Central Rocky Mountains, USA. Conservation Biology, N/A - not directly referenced in comments Vol. 2, No. 3: 283-289

Bischof, R., Fujita, R., Zedrosser, A., Söderberg, A., & Swenson, J. E. (2009). Louisa Wilcox Hunting patterns, ban on baiting, and harvest demographics of brown bears in N/A - not directly referenced in comments Sweden. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 72(1), 79-88.

Bjornlie, D. D., Thompson, D. J., Haroldson, M. A., Schwartz, C. C., Gunther, K. A., Cain, S. L., ... & Aber, B. C. (2013). Methods to estimate distribution and range Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Wildlife Society citation catalogs Bulletin, 38(1), 182-187. Blanchard and Knight, 1980. Status of grizzly bears in the Yellowstone system. General - Historical data on grizzly populations, considered in Louisa Wilcox Trans. North Amer. Wildl. & Nat. Resour. Conf., 45 (1980), pp. 263-267 other citations

Boulanger, J., & Stenhouse, G. (2009). Demography of Alberta grizzly bears: 1999–2009. Foothills Research Institute, prepared for Alberta Sustainable Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Resource, Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Hinton, Alberta, Canada.

Boyce, M.S., B.M. Blanchard, R.R Knight & C. Servheen (2001).Population Viability Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox for Grizzly Bears: A Critical Review.International Association for Bear Research citation catalogs and Management, Monograph Series 4.

Carroll, C. (2005). Priorities for Carnivore Restoration in the Western United Considered - The topic of population viability is considered and Louisa Wilcox States: A Regional Scale Analysis of Habitat and Population Viability for Wolf and referenced using alternative citations Grizzly Bear.Klamath Center for Conservation Research, Orleans, CA.

Carroll, C., R. Noss & P. Paquet (2001). Carnivores as Focal Species for Conservation Planning in the Rocky Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox Mountain Region, World Wildlife Fund, Canada. citation catalogs

Chapron, G., & A. Treves (2016). Blood does not buy goodwill: allowing culling Louisa Wilcox increases poaching of a large carnivore. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, N/A - not directly referenced in comments 20152939. N/A - reference to ecological connectivity, but no specific Louisa Wilcox Claar et al. 1999 reference was supplied Clark, T.W., &S.C. Minta (1994). Greater Yellowstone's Future: Prospects for Effects analysis consistent with this material, other Uresk refs Louisa Wilcox Ecosystem Science, Management and Policy. Moose, Wyoming. Homestead cited in mgmt approaches - Book Publishing. Clark, TC. (1997). Averting Extinction: Reconstructing Endangered Species Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Recovery.Yale University Press. Clark, TC., R.R. Reading & A.C. Clarke, eds. (1994). Endangered Species Recovery: Finding the Lessons, Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Improving the Process.Island Press.

Craighead AND J.A. MITCHELL. 1982. Grizzly bear. Pages 515- 56 in J.A. Chapman General - general ecology/management of the species, covered in Louisa Wilcox and G.A. Feldhamer, eds. Wild mammals of North America-biology, management, other citations economics. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore

Craighead, J. (1998).Status of the Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Population: Has it Louisa Wilcox Recovered, Should it Be N/A - not directly referenced in comments Delisted? Ursus, Vol. 10: 597-602. Craighead, J.J., J.S. Sumner & J.A. Mitchell (1995). The Grizzly Bears of Yellowstone:Their Ecology in the Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Yellowstone Ecosystem: 1959-1992. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Craighead, L. & E. Vyse (1996). Brown Bear/Grizzly Bear Metapopulations.D. Louisa Wilcox McCullough (Editor), Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation: 325-351.Island N/A - not directly referenced in comments Press, Washington, D.C. Craighead, L., M.E. Gilpin & E.R. Vyse ( 1999). Genetic Considerations for Carnivore Conservation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Pages 285-321 in Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments T.Ciark, AP. Curlee, SC Minta, & PM Kareiva eds. Carnivores in Ecosystems: The Yellowstone Experience.Yale University Press.

Davis, M. ( 1989).Lags in Vegetation Response to Greenhouse Warming.Climactic N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Change, Vol. 15: 75-82. referenced in comments

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 58 Commenter Title Response Despain, D. ( 1987). The Two Climates of Yellowstone Park.Proceedings of N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - unable to find doc; Louisa Wilcox Montana Academy of Sciences, Vol. 47. not directly referenced in comments Doak, D. ( 1995). Source Sink Models and the Problem of Habitat General - Manuscript discusses the effects of habitat loss on Degradation:General Models and Louisa Wilcox grizzly populations, an area considered and covered by alternative Applications to the Yellowstone Grizzly. Conservation Biology, Vol. 9: 1370-1379. citations

Doak, D. F., & Cutler, K. (2014a). Re-Evaluating Evidence for Past Population Trends and Predicted Dynamics of Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Yellowstone Grizzly Bears. Conservation Letters, 7(3), 312-322.

Doak, D. F., & Cutler, K. (2014b). Van Manen et al., Doth Protest too Much: New Analyses of the Yellowstone Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Grizzly Population Confirm the Need to Reevaluate Past Population Trends. Conservation Letters, 7(3), 332 - 333. Doak, D. F., & Loso, M. G. (2003). Effects of grizzly bear digging on alpine plant Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments community structure. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 35(4), 421-428.

Felicetti, L., C. Schwartz, R. Rye, K. Gunther, J. Crock, M. Haroldson, L. Waits, & C. Robbins ( 2004). Use of Naturally Occurring Mercury to Determine the Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Importance of Cutthroat Trout to Yellowstone Grizzly Bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 82: 493-201. Fischman, R. L., & Meretsky, V. J. (2001). Endangered Species Information: Access and Control. Washburn LJ, Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments 41, 90.

Frankham, R., Bradshaw, C. J., & Brook, B. W. (2014). Genetics in conservation N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox management: revised recommendations for the 50/500 rules, Red List criteria referenced in comments and population viability analyses. Biological Conservation, 170, 56-63.

French, S., M. French, & R. Knight (1994). Grizzly Bear Use of Army Cutworm Moths in the Greater Louisa Wilcox Yellowstone Ecosystem.International Conference on Bear Research and N/A - not directly referenced in comments Management, Vol. 9 (1): 389-399.

Glick, D., et al. (1998). Incentives for Conserving Open Lands in Gr aterYellowstone.Bozeman, MT. Greater Louisa Wilcox N/A - unable to find doc; could not review Yellowstone Coalition, Environmental Defense Fund, and World Wildlife Fund.

Green, G., D.J. Mattson, & J. Peeks (1997). Spring Feeding on Ungulate Carcasses by Yellowstone Grizzly Louisa Wilcox Bears in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 61 (4): N/A - not directly referenced in comments 1040-1055.

Gude, P. H., Hansen, A. J., & Jones, D. A. (2007). Biodiversity consequences of Louisa Wilcox alternative future land use scenarios in Greater Yellowstone. Ecological Effects analysis consistent with this material Applications, 17(4), 1004 -1018. Gude, P. H., Hansen, A. J., Rasker, R., & Maxwell, B. (2006). Rates and drivers of Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be Louisa Wilcox rural residential development in the Greater Yellowstone.Landscape and Urban cited in the FEIS. - found doc Planning, 77(1), 131 -151. Gunther, K. & H.E. Hoekstra. Bear Inflicted Human Injuries in Yellowstone Park, Louisa Wilcox 1970-1994.Ursus, Vol. 10: N/A - not directly referenced in comments 377-384. Gunther, K. & M. Haroldson ( 1997). Importance of Bison to Grizzly Bears in the Louisa Wilcox Yellowstone Ecosystem. Comments submitted to the Bison ManagementTeam. N/A - not directly referenced in comments

Gunther, K.A. Bear Managementin Yellowstone Park, 1960-1993.International Conference on Bear Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Research and Management, Vol. 9 (1): 549-560

Gunther, K.A., M. Haroldson, K. Frey, & R.R. Knight. 1992 to 2004. Grizzly Bear- Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox Human Conflicts, Confrontations, and Management Actions in the Yellowstone citation catalogs Ecosystem. National Park Service. Hansen, A.J., R. Rasker, B. Maxwell, J.J. Rotella, J.J. Johnson, A.W. Parmenter, U. Langner, W.B. Cohen, R.L. Lawrence & M.P.V. Kraska ( 2002). Ecological Causes Louisa Wilcox Effects analysis consistent with this material and Consequences in Demographic Change in the New West.Bioscience, Vol. 52: 151-162.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 59 Commenter Title Response

Haroldson, M.A., K.A. Gunther, D.P. Reinhart, S.R. Podruzny, C. Cegeiski, L. Waits, T. Lyman & J. Smith ( 2005). Changing Numbers of Spawning Cutthroat Trout in Tributary Streams of Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Yellowstone Lake and Estimates of Grizzly Bear Visiting Streams from DNA.Ursus, Vol. 16: 167-180.

Only able to find documents that cite this document and those Harting, A. & D. Glick (1994). Sustaining Greater Yellowstone, A Blueprint for the Louisa Wilcox themes of population growth are already addressed in FEIS - Future.Bozeman, MT. Greater Yellowstone Coalition unable to find doc Hernandez, P.C., 2004. Rural residential development in the Greater Yellowstone: General/Existing policy - PhD thesis, used to question the value of rates, drivers, and alternative future scenarios: rates, drivers, and alternative Louisa Wilcox local zoning regulations on private lands which is not under future scenarios (Doctoral dissertation, Montana State University-Bozeman, consideration in forest planning College of Letters & Science). Higgins, M. & P. Knight ( 2001). Motorizing Yellowstone: An Investigative Report May need recreation review; Wildlife:Considered -misreferenced on Off-Road Vehicle Use in comments as Sierra Club 2000; topic of motorized vehicle Louisa Wilcox Within the Gallatin National Forest.Sierra Club Report. effects on grizzly bears is considered and covered by alternative citations. Higgins, M. & P. Knight ( 2001). Motorizing Yellowstone: An Investigative Report Read online; addressed impacts of ORV use that are supported by on Off-Road Vehicle Use Louisa Wilcox other sources, not cited in FEIS - Link only, can't download Within the Gallatin National Forest.Sierra Club Report. document

Holling, C. S. (1978). Adaptive environmental assessment and management John Louisa Wilcox Effects analysis consistent with this material Wiley and Sons. New York. Horesji, B. ( 1994). Ecosystem-wide Habitat Fragmentation by the Oil and Gas N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Industry in Southwest Alberta, Dec. 8, 1994. referenced in comments Horesji, B. ( 1998). Statement of Brian Horesji, re: Oil and Gas Activity, Blackfeet Reservation and Grizzly Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Bears, June 9, 1998.

Horesji, B. (1986). Industrial and Agricultural Incursion into Grizzly Bear Habitat: The Alberta Story. Contreras, Glen P. and Thomas Keith (Editors), Proceedings: Grizzly Habitat Louisa Wilcox Symposium.US Forest Service N/A - not directly referenced in comments Inter-mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT. Technical Report INT-207: p. 116- 123.

Howe, J., E. McMahon & L. Probst ( 1997). Balancing Nature and Commercein Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be Louisa Wilcox Gateway Communities. Wash., D.C. Island Press. cited in the FEIS. - Found doc Johnson, C. J., Boyce, M. S., Schwartz, C. C., & Haroldson, M. A. (2004). Modeling General/Considered - Manuscript of challenges to bear Louisa Wilcox survival: application of the Andersen-Gill model to Yellowstone grizzly bears. management, used to highlight sources of mortality, areas Journal of Wildlife Management, 68(4), 966-978 covered by other literature

Johnson, V. (2002). Rural Residential Development Trends in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Sincethe Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Listing of the Grizzly Bear, 1975-1998.Sierra Club Report.

Johnson, V.K. 1998. Rural residential developments trends in the Greater General - Manuscript considers human population growth within Yellowston Ecosystem since the listing of the grizzly bear 1975-1998. Executive Louisa Wilcox the region, a topic of general consideration in regards to human Summary. Sierra Club, Bozeman, Montana. 8pp. use and impacts on NFS lands

Judd, S.L., R.R. Knight & B.M. Blanchard ( 1986). Standing of Grizzly Bears in Yellowstone National Park Area. Bears: Their Biology and Management: p. 111- Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments 117.Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA.

Kaminski, T., D. Trochta, M . N . Ocshner, et al. (1993). Grizzly Bear Managementfor Westline Timber Sale Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Plateau Bear ManagementUnit, Targhee National Forest.Targhee National Forest.

Kasworm, W. F., T. G. Radandt, J.E. Teisberg, A. Welander, M. Proctor, and C. Louisa Wilcox Servheen (2015). Cabinet-Yaak grizzly bear recovery area 2014 research and N/A - not directly referenced in comments monitoring progress report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Missoula, Montana. Keating, K. A., Schwartz, C. C., Haroldson, M. A., & Moody, D. (2002). Estimating Louisa Wilcox numbers of females with cubs - of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzly bear N/A - not directly referenced in comments population. Ursus, 161-174.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 60 Commenter Title Response

Kellert, S.R. ( 1994). Public Attitudes Toward Bears and Their Conservation.Bears: Louisa Wilcox Their Biology and Management: p. 43-50.Proceedings of the 9th International N/A - not directly referenced in comments Conference on Bear Research and Management, Missoula, MT.

Kellert, S.R., M. Black, C.R. Rush & A.J. Bath ( 1996). Human Culture and Large Carnivore Conservation in Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments North America.Conservation Biology, Vol. 10: 977-990.

Knight, R.R., B.M. Blanchard & L.L. Eberhardt ( 1998). Mortality Patterns and General/Considered - Manuscript of challenges to bear Population Sinks for Louisa Wilcox management, used to highlight sources of mortality, areas Yellowstone Grizzly Bears, 1973-1985.Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 16: 121-125. covered by other literature

Koel, T. M., Bigelow, P. E., Doepke, P. D., Ertel, B. D., & Mahony, D. L. (2005). Nonnative lake trout result in Louisa Wilcox Yellowstone cutthroat trout decline and impacts to bears and anglers. Fisheries, N/A - not directly referenced in comments 30(11), 10-19.

Koteen, L. (2002). Climate change, whitebark pine, and grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Wildlife responses to climate change: North Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments American case studies. Edited by SH Schneider and TL Root. Island Press, Washington, DC, 343-414. Lande, R. (1995). Mutation and Conservation, Conservation Biology Vol. 9; 782- Louisa Wilcox N/A (not directly referenced in comments) 791 Logan, J.A. & J.A. Powell ( 2001). Ghost Forests, Global Warming and Mountain Pine Beetle.American N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Entomologist, Vol. 47: 160-172. referenced in comments

Logan, J.A. & J.A. Powell ( 2005). Ecological Consequencesof Climate Change N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Altered Forest Insect Disturbance Regimes.In F.H. Wagner (ed).Climate Change in referenced in comments Western North America: Evidence and Environmental Effects.

Mace, R. & T. Manley ( 1993). The Effects of Roads on Grizzly Bears:Scientific Supplement.South Fork Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Grizzly Bear Project: Project Report for 1992.Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks.

Mace, R., & Roberts, L. (2004). Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem Grizzly Bear Monitoring Team Annual Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Report, 2012. Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, MT.

Mace, R.D., J. Waller, T. Manley, L.J. Lyon & H. Zuuring ( 1996). Relationships Louisa Wilcox Among Grizzly Bears, Roads and Habitat in the Swan Mountains, Montana. N/A - not directly referenced in comments Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 33: 1395-1404. Mattson, D. J. (1997). Sustainable grizzly bear mortality calculated from counts of Louisa Wilcox females with cubs-of-the- year: an evaluation. Biological Conservation, 81(1), 103- N/A - not directly referenced in comments 111. Mattson, D. J., & Merrill, T. (2004). A model-based appraisal of habitat conditions for grizzly bears in the Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Cabinet-Yaak region of Montana and Idaho. Ursus, 15(1), 76-89.

Mattson, D. J., Gillin, C. M., Benson,S. A., & Knight,R. R. (1991).Bear Louisa Wilcox feedingactivityat alpineinsect aggregation sites in the Yellowstone ecosystem. N/A - not directly referenced in comments Canadian Journalof Zoolo gy, 69(9), 2430-2435. Mattson, D.J. & D. Reinhart ( 1997). Excavation of Red Squirrel Middens by Grizzly Bears in the Whitebark Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Pine Zone. Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 34: 926-940.

Mattson, D.J. & D. Reinhart (1995). Influences of CutthroatTrout (Oncorhynchus Clarki)on Behavior and Reproduction of Yellowstone GrizzlyBears(UrsusArctos): Louisa Wilcox 1975-1989.Canadian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 73: N/A - not directly referenced in comments 2072-2079.

Mattson, D.J. & M. Reid ( 1991). Conservation of Yellowstone Grizzly. Conservation Biology 1991. 3: 364- Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments 372.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 61 Commenter Title Response

Mattson, D.J. & T. Merrill ( 2002). Extirpation of Grizzly Bears in the Contiguous Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments United States: 1850-2000. Conservation Biology, Vol. 16: 1123-1136.

Mattson, D.J. ( 1997). Use of Ungulates by Yellowstone Grizzly Bears.Biological Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Conservation, Vol. 81: 161-177. Mattson, D.J. (1997). Selection of Microsites by Grizzly Bears to Excavate Biscuit Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Roots.Journal ofMammalogy, Vol. 78 (1): 228-238. Mattson, D.J. (2001). Myrmecophagyby Yellowstone Grizzly Bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology,Vol. 79: Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments 779-793.

Mattson, D.J. (2002).Consumption of Wasps and Beesby Yellowstone Grizzly Louisa Wilcox Bears. Northwest Science, Vol. 76, No.2. N/A - not directly referenced in comments

Mattson, D.J., B.M. Blanchard & R.R. Knight ( 1991). Food Habits of Yellowstone Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Grizzly Bears, 1977-1987. Canadian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 69: 1619-1629.

Mattson, D.J., B.M. Blanchard & R.R. Knight (1992). Yellowstone Grizzly Bear General/Considered - Manuscript of challenges to bear Louisa Wilcox Mortality, Human Habituation and Whitebark Pine Seed Crops. Journal of Wildlife management, used to highlight sources of mortality, areas Management, Vol. 56: 432-442. covered by other literature Mattson, D.J., D.P. Reinhardt & B.M. Blanchard ( 1992). Variation in Production and Bear Use of Whitebark Pine Seeds in the Yellowstone Area. Proceedings of Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Plants and Their Environment: First Biennial Scientific Conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Mattson, D.J., Herrero, S., Wright, R.G. and Pease, C.M., 1996. Science and General/Considered - Manuscript of challenges to bear Louisa Wilcox management of Rocky Mountain grizzly bears. Conservation Biology, 10(4), management, used to highlight sources of mortality, areas pp.1013-1025. covered by other literature Mattson, D.J., S. Podruzny & M. Haroldson ( 2002). Consumption of Fungal Sporocarps by Yellowstone Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Grizzly Bears.Ursus, Vol. 13.

Mattson,DavidJ., R.R. Wright & B.M. Blanchard (1987).The Effectsof Developments and Primary Roadson Grizzly Bear HabitatUse in Yellowstone Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox National Park, Wyoming. International Conference on BearResearch and citation catalogs Management, Vol. 7: 259-273. Mcintyre, J.D. ( 1995). Reviewand Assessment for Possibilities for This report is very specific to Lake trout invading Yellowstone ProtectingCutthroatTrout of Yellowstone Lake from IntroducedLakeTrout. Varley, cutthroat trout in Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National J.D., &P. Schullery(Editors), The Yellowstone LakeCrisis:Confronting a LakeTrout Park.On the CG Yellowstone cutthroat trout are primarily invaded Louisa Wilcox Invasion. A Report to the Directorof the National Park Service: p. by rainbow trout (hybrdization) and brook trout.Additionally, a 28-33.US National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. more relevant citation (Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, 2007) was cited in the DEIS.

McLellan,B.N. & D.M. Shackleton(1988). GrizzlyBearsand ResourceExtractionIndustries: Effects of Louisa Wilcox Roadson Behavior, Habitat Use and Demography.Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. N/A - not directly referenced in comments 25:451-460

McLellan,B.N. ( 1998). Relationship BetweenHumanIndustrial Activity and Grizzly Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Bears. International Conference on Bear Research and Management, 1998:57-64.

Melis, T. S., Walters, C. J., & Korman, J. (2015). Surprise and Opportunity for This document is from a different EcoRegion, a very different Learning in Grand Canyon: the climate, different habitat and species, and deals with an Louisa Wilcox Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. Ecology and Society, 20(3), extremely large reservoir/dam system of which does not exist on 22. the Custer Gallatin National Forest.

Merrill, T. ( 2005).Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Area Design, Yellowstone to Yukon Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Conservation Initiative,Canmore, Alberta.

Merrill, T. and D.J. Mattson, 2003. The Extent and Location of Habitat General/Considered - Manuscript of challenges to bear BiophysicallySuitable for Grizzly Louisa Wilcox management, used to highlight sources of mortality, areas Bears in the Yellowstone Region. Ursus, Vol. 14: 171-187. covered by other literature

Merrill, T., D.J. Mattson, R.G. Wright, & H.B. Quigley ( 1999). Defining Landscapes General/Considered - Manuscript of challenges to bear Louisa Wilcox Suitable for Restoration of Grizzly Bears, Ursus Arctos, in Idaho. Biological management, used to highlight sources of mortality, areas Conservation, Vol. 87: 231-248. covered by other literature

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 62 Commenter Title Response Miller, C.R. & L.P. Waits ( 2003). The History and Effective Population Size in Genetic Diversity in the Yellowstone Grizzly (Ursus Arctos): Implications for Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox Conservation. Proceedings to the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100: 4334- citation catalogs 4339. Mills, LS., S.G. Hayes, C. Baldwin, M.J. Wisdom, J. Citta, D.J. Mattson & K. Murphy Louisa Wilcox ( 1996). Factors Leading to Different Viability Predictions for Grizzly Bear N/A - not directly referenced in comments Dataset.Conservation Biology, Vol. 10: 863-873. Nagy, J.A., Hawley, A.W.L., Barrett, M.W. & Nolan, J.W. ( 1989). Population Louisa Wilcox Characteristicsof Grizzly and Black Bears in West Central Alberta.Alberta N/A - not directly referenced in comments Environmental Center, Publication No. AECV88-R1, Vegreville, Alberta.

Newcomb, M. (2003). White Pine Blister Rust, Whitebark Pine and Ribes Species in the Greater Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Yellowstone Area. Master's Thesis, School of Forestry, University of Montana.

Noss, R. F., Dinerstein, E., Gilbert, B., Gilpin, M., Miller, B. J., Terborgh, J., & Trombulak, S. (1999). Core areas: where nature reigns. Continental conservation: Louisa Wilcox addressed using other relevant science - unable to find doc scientific foundations of regional reserve networks. Island Press, Washington, DC, 99-128. Noss, R.F., H.B. Quigley, M.G. Hornocker, T. Merrill & P . Paquet ( 1996). Conservation Biology and Carnivore Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Conservation in the Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology, Vol. 10 (4): 949-963

General/Considered - Manuscript of challenges to bear Pease, C.M. and Mattson, D.J., 1999. Demography of the Yellowstone grizzly Louisa Wilcox management, used to highlight sources of mortality, areas bears. Ecology, 80(3), pp.957-975. covered by other literature Professional Employees for Environmental Responsibility (1997). Grizzly Science. Grizzly Bear Biology in the Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Greater Yellowstone.PEER White Paper.

Professional Employees for Environmental Responsibility (December 2003). PEER survey of EPA Rocky Louisa Wilcox unable to find - unable to find doc Mountain Region Employees.PEER White Paper.

Pyare, S., & J. Berger (2003). Beyond demography and delisting: ecological Louisa Wilcox recovery for Yellowstone's grizzly bears and wolves. Biological Conservation, N/A - not directly referenced in comments 113(1), 63-73. Pyare, S., S. Cain, D. Moody, C. Schwartz, & J. Berger ( 2004). Carnivore Louisa Wilcox Recolonization: Reality, Possibility and a Non-equilibriumCentury for Grizzly Bears N/A - not directly referenced in comments in Southern Yellowstone Ecosystem.Animal Conservation, Vol. 7: 1-7.

Rasker, R. & B. Alexander ( 1997). A New Challenge: People, Commerce and the N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Environment in the referenced in comments Yellowstone to Yukon Region.Bozeman, MT.The Wilderness Society. Rasker, R., & Hansen, A. (2000). Natural amenities and population growth i n the Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be Louisa Wilcox Greater Yellowstone region. Human Ecology Review, 7(2), 30-40. cited in the FEIS.

Reading, R.P., T.W. Clark, 7 S.R. Kellert ( 1994). Attitudes and Knowledge in the Greater Yellowstone Reference was reviewed, determined to be relevant, and will be Louisa Wilcox Ecosystem.Society of Natural Resources, Vol. 7: 349-365. cited in the FEIS.

Reinhart, D., M. Haroldson, D. Mattson & K. Gunther ( 2001). Effects of Exotic Species on Yellowstone Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Grizzly Bears.Western North American Naturalist, Vol. 61: 277-288.

Schmidt, W.C. & K.J. McDonald (Compilers) (1990). Proceedings: Symposium on Whitebark Ecosystems: Ecology and Managementof a High Mountain N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Resource.USDA Intermountain Research Station, General Technical Report INT- referenced in comments 270, Ogden, UT. Schwartz, C. C., Gude, P. H., Landenburger, L., Haroldson, M. A., & Podruzny, S. (2012). Impacts of rural development on Yellowstone wildlife: linking grizzly bear Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox Ursus arctos demographics with projected residential growth. Wildlife Biology, citation catalogs 18(3), 246-257.

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Schwartz, C. C., Haroldson, M. A., & White, G. C. (2010). Hazards affecting grizzly bear survival in the Greater Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox Yellowstone Ecosystem. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 74(4), 654-667. citation catalogs

Schwartz, C. C., Haroldson, M. A., Gunther, K. A., & Moody, D. (2006). Distribution General/Considered/Author - General ecology/management of of grizzly bears in the Louisa Wilcox the species, covered in other citations, including citations by the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in 2004.Ursus, 17(1), 63-66. same author

Schwartz, C., M. Haroldson, K. Gunther & D. Moody (2002). Distribution of Grizzly Bears in the Greater Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Yellowstone Ecosystem, 1990-2000. Ursus, Vol. 13: 203-212.

Servheen, C. (1989). The Managementof Grizzly Bears on Private Lands: Some General/Considered - Manuscript of challenges to bear Problems and Possible Solutions. M. Bromley (Editor), Bear People Conflicts: Louisa Wilcox management, used to highlight sources of mortality, areas Proceedings of the Symposium on Management Strategies: p. 195-200.Northwest covered by other literature Territories, Department of Renewable Resources, Yellow•Knife.

Servheen, C., J.S. Waller & P. Sandstrom ( 2003). Identification and Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox Managementof Linkage Zones for Wildlife Between Large Blocks of Public Land in citation catalogs the Northern Rocky Mountains.USFS-USFWS, Missoula, MT.

Servheen, C., M. Haroldson,K. Gunther, K. Barber, M. Bruscino, M. Cherry, B. Debolt, K. Frey, L. Hanuska- Brown,J. Losinski,C. Schwartz& B. Summerfield( Louisa Wilcox unable to find doc 2004). YellowstoneMortalityand ConflictsReduction Report. Presented to the Yellowstone Ecosystem Sub-committee, April, 2004.

Shaffer, M. (1992). Keeping the Grizzly Bear in the American West: A Strategy for Real Recovery.The Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Wilderness Society, Washington, D.C.

Shaffer, M.L. ( 1981). Minimum Population Sizes for Species Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Conservation.Bioscience, Vol. 31: 131-134. Six, D. L., & Adams, J. (2007). White pine blister rust severity and selection of N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox individual whitebark pine by the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: referenced in comments Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Journal of Entomological Science.

Soule, M. (1986). Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity, N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Sinauer Assoc. Inc. referenced in comments Soulé, M. E., Estes, J. A., Berger, J., & Del Rio, C. M. (2003). Ecological effectiveness: conservation goals for N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox interactive species. Conservation Biology, 17(5), 1238-1250. referenced in comments

Soulé, M. E., Estes, J. A., Miller, B., & Honnold, D. L. (2005). Strongly interacting N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox species: conservation policy, management, and ethics.BioScience, 55(2), 168-176. referenced in comments

Louisa Wilcox Storer, T. I., & Tevis, L. P. (1996). California grizzly. Univ of California Press. N/A - not directly referenced in comments

Stringham, S.F. (1980). Possible Impacts of Hunting on Grizzly/Brown Bear: A Threatened Species.Bears: Their Louisa Wilcox Biology and Management: p. 337-349.Proceedings of the 4th International N/A - not directly referenced in comments Conference on Bear Research and Management, Kalispell, MT.

Tardiff, S. E., & Stanford, J. A. (1998). Grizzly bear digging: effects on subalpine Louisa Wilcox meadow p lants in relation to mineral nitrogen availability. Ecology 79(7), 2219- N/A - not directly referenced in comments 2228. Tomback, D.F., S.F. Arno, & R.E. Keane (eds.) ( 2001). Whitebark Pine Communities:Ecology and N/A (not directly referenced in comments) - not directly Louisa Wilcox Restoration.Island Press. referenced in comments

Treves, A. (2009). Hunting for large carnivore conservation. Journal of Applied Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Ecology, 46(6), 1350-1356. Treves, A., Naughton-Treves, L. I. S. A., & Shelley, V. (2013). Longitudinal analysis of attitudes toward wolves. Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Conservation Biology,27(2), 315-323.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 64 Commenter Title Response USFS 1975 N/A - reference to grizzly bear habitat, but no specific reference Louisa Wilcox was supplied Van Manen, F.T., M.A. Haroldson, & S.C. Soileau (eds.) (2015). Yellowstone grizzly Louisa Wilcox bear investigations: annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, N/A - not directly referenced in comments 2014. US Geological Survey, Bozeman, MT.

Van Manen, F.T., M.A. Haroldson, K. West, & S.C. Soileau (eds.) (2014). Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Louisa Wilcox annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2013. US Geological N/A - not directly referenced in comments Survey, Bozeman, MT.

General/Considered - Manuscript discusses genetic diversity for all Waits, L.P., D. Paetkau, C. Strebeck & R.H. Ward (1998). A Comparisonof Genetic brown bear populations, well beyond the forest area, the Louisa Wilcox Diversity in North comment relative to connectivity is considered and represented American Brown Bears.Ursus, Vol. 10: 307-314. by alternative citations Walker, R. & L. Craighead ( 1997). Analyzing Wildlife Movement Corridors in Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox Montana Using GIS.Paper presented at ESRI Conference citation catalogs Walters, C. (1986). Adaptive management of renewal resources. MacMillan Pub., Louisa Wilcox unable to find - unable to find doc New York. Weaver, J., R. Ascano, D. Mattson, T. Puchlerz & D. Despain ( 1986). A Cumulative Effects Model for Grizzly Bear Managementin the Yellowstone Ecosystem.G. Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Contreras and K. Evans (Compilers).Proceedings: Grizzly Bear Habitat Symposium. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report INT-207: 234-246.

Weaver, J.L., P.C. Paquet & L.F. Ruggiero ( 1996). Resilience and Conservation of Large Carnivores in the Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Louisa Wilcox Rocky Mountains.Conservation Biology, Vol. 10: 964-976. citation catalogs

White, D., C. Kendall, & H. Picton ( 1998). Seasonal Occurrence, Body Louisa Wilcox Composition and Migration Potential of Army Cutworm Moths in Northwest N/A - not directly referenced in comments Montana.Canadian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 76: 835-842. White, D., C. Kendall, & H. Picton ( 1999). Potential Energetic Effects of Mountain Climbers When Foraging Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Grizzly Bears.Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 27 (1): 146-151.

White, D., C. Kendall, &H .Picton ( 1998). Grizzly Bear Feeding Activity at Alpine Army Cutworm Moth Louisa Wilcox Aggregation Sites in Northwest Montana.Canadian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 76: N/A - not directly referenced in comments 221-227.

Whitlock, M.C. ( 2000). Fixation of New Alleles and the Extinction of Small Louisa Wilcox Populations: Drift Load, Beneficial Alleles and Sexual Selections.Evolution 54: N/A - not directly referenced in comments 1855-1861. Wielgus, R. B., Sarrazin, F., Ferriere, R., & Clobert, J. (2001). Estimating effects of Louisa Wilcox adult male mortality on grizzly bear population growth and persistence using N/A - not directly referenced in comments matrix models. Biological Conservation, 98(3), 293-303.

Wielgus, R.B. & F.L. Bunnell ( 1994). Dynamics of a Small Hunted Brown Bear Population in Southwest Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Alberta.Biological Conservation. 67: 161-166.

Wielgus, R.B. & F.L. Bunnell ( 2000). Possible Negative Effects of Adult Male Mortality on Female Grizzly Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Bear Reproduction. BiologicalConservation. 93: 145-154.

Willcox, L. ( 2004).Bear With Us: An Alternative Path to Recovery of the Grizzly Bear in the Lower-48 Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments States. Natural ResourcesDefense Council.

Willcox, L., & D. Ellenberger (2002). Bear Essentials for Recovery: An Alternative Louisa Wilcox Recovery Society for Long- term Restoration of the Yellowstone Grizzly Bear. N/A - not directly referenced in comments Sierra Club. Woodroffe, R. (2000). Predators and People: Using Human Densities to Interpret Declines in Large Louisa Wilcox N/A - not directly referenced in comments Carnivores. Animal Conservation, Vol. 3: 165-177.

Zedrosser, A., Dahle, B., Støen, O. G., & Swenson, J. E. (2009). The effects of Louisa Wilcox primiparity on reproductive performance in the brown bear. Oecologia, 160(4), N/A - not directly referenced in comments 847-854.

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Zedrosser, A., Pelletier, F., Bischof, R., Festa-Bianchet, M., & Swenson, J. E. (2013). Determinants of lifetime reproduction in female brown bears: early body mass, Louisa Wilcox longevity, and hunting regulations. Ecology, 94(1), 231- N/A - not directly referenced in comments 240.

"maintaining species viability and associated biological diversity," so say the Margaret Patti Custer Gallatin National Forest biologists who wrote the draft Terrestrial Wildlife General/Considered Report (2016). Roholt, Christopher Marsh. 1977. "Montana Wilderness Study bill: A case Marshall Swearingen history." Graduate Policy review Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers, University of Montana.

Watson et al. 2016. Catastrophic declines in wilderness areas undermine global Marshall Swearingen environmental Global scale targets. Current Biology 26: 2929-2934. Matt Radlowski Off road impacts of mountain biking: a review and discussion General/Considered; Applies more to travel planning Perception and Reality of Conflict: Walkers and Mountain Bikes on the Queen Matt Radlowski General/Considered; Applies more to travel planning Charlotte Track in New Zealand EXPERTS WARN BIKES AND BEARS A RISKY Michele Dieterich COMBINATION Not reliable- popular article May 26, 2019 at 5:00 am | By DUNCAN ADAMS Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Michele Dieterich Global scale Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services - ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION – 6 May 2019

A 1,500-year synthesis of wildfire activity stratified by elevation from the U.S. Rocky Mountains Vachel A. Carter a, d, *, Mitchell J. Power b, Zachary J. Lundeen c, Jesse L. Morris Montana Ecosystem d, Effects analysis consistent with this material Defense Council Kenneth L. Petersen d, Andrea Brunelle d, R. Scott Anderson e, Jacqueline J. Shinker f, Lovina Turney g, Rebecca Koll h, Patrick J. Bartlein. January 2017 Achievable future conditions as a framework for guiding forest conservation and management. 2015 S.W. Golladay a,⇑, K.L. Martin b, J.M. Vose b, D.N. Wear b, A.P. Covich c, R.J. Montana Ecosystem Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Hobbs d, K.D. Klepzig e, Defense Council citation catalogs G.E. Likens f,g, R.J. Naiman h, A.W. Shearer i a J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center, 3988 Jones Center Dr, Newton, GA 39819, USA Evidence for declining forest resilience to wildfires under climate change. Camille S. Stevens-Rumann,1,2* Kerry B. Kemp,3 Philip E. Higuera,4 Montana Ecosystem Brian J. Harvey,5 Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Defense Council Monica T. Rother,6,7 citation catalogs Daniel C. Donato,5,8 Penelope Morgan1 and Thomas T. Veble Kimberley T. Davis, Solomon Z. Dobrowski, Philip E. Higuera, Zachary A. Holden, Thomas T. Veblen, Monica T. Rother, Sean A. Parks, Anna Sala, and Marco P. Montana Ecosystem Maneta. Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests across a critical added to FEIS - already in EN Defense Council climate threshold for tree regeneration. PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) published ahead of print March 11, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815107116 Canfield, J., Pengeroth, D., Tomasik, E., Dibenedetto, J., Northern Region Montana Fish Geospatial Group, Taylor, S., . . . Conway, L. (2013). Custer, Gallatin, Helena, and Cited Wildlife and Parks Lewis and Clark National Forests. Framework for project-level effects analysis on elk. Montana Fish Lyon, L. J. 1983. Road Density Models Describing Habitat for Elk. Journal of Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Wildlife and Parks Forestry 81:592–596. citation catalogs Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. (2013). U.S. Forest service and Montana Montana Fish department of fish wildlife and parks collaborative overview and Cited Wildlife and Parks recommendations for elk habitat management on the Custer, Gallatin, Helena, and Lewis and Clark National Forests. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2007. Memorandum of Understanding and Montana Fish Conservation Agreement for Westslope Cutthroat and Yellowstone Cutthroat This was cited in the management approaches appendix.- see link Wildlife and Parks Trout in Montana. 37 pp.

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Montana Fish Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2010. Montana Bighorn Sheep Conservation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Wildlife and Parks Strategy. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Helena, Montana. 313 pp. citation catalogs

Montana Fish Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2013. Montana Statewide Fisheries Management This was cited in the DEIS. - have doc Wildlife and Parks Plan, 2013-2018. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Helena, Montana. 478 pp.

Montana Fish Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. 2018. Montana's Statewide Comprehensive This was cited in the DEIS Appendix E - see link Wildlife and Parks Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP). Montana Fish Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 2015. Montana’s State Wildlife Action Plan. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Wildlife and Parks Helena, Montana. 441 pp. citation catalogs Ranglack, D., B. Garrott, J. Rotella, K. Proffitt, J. Gude, and J. Canfield. 2016a. Montana Fish Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Security areas for maintaining elk on publicly accessible lands during archery and Wildlife and Parks citation catalogs rifle hunting seasons in southwestern Montana. 38 pp.

Ranglack, D., B. Garrott, J. Rotella, K. Proffitt, J. Gude, and J. Canfield. 2016b. Montana Fish Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Evaluating elk summer resource selection and applications to summer range Wildlife and Parks citation catalogs habitat management. 36 pp Spoon, R. and J. Canfield. 1999. Elkhorn Mountains Westslope Cutthroat Trout Montana Fish Restoration Program – Mountain Range Programmatic Environmental Analysis and plan consistent with this material Wildlife and Parks Assessment. April 28, 1999. 34 pp. Fahrig L, Merriam G. 1985. Habitat patch connectivity and population survival. Nancy Schultz Effects analysis consistent with this material Ecology 66: 1762-1768 A Multicriteria Assessment of the Irreplaceability and Vulnerability of Sites in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Comment does not indicate need to modify analysis or plan based Nancy Schultz REED F. NOSS,* CARLOS CARROLL, KEN VANCE-BORLAND, on this citation AND GEORGE WUERTHNER Conservation Science, Inc., 7310 NW Acorn Ridge, Corvallis, OR 97330, U.S.

Beier P, Noss R.F. 1998 . Do habitat corridors provide connectivity? Conservation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Nancy Schultz Biology 12: 1241 1252. citation catalogs

Chen 1.C., Hill J. K., Ohlemuller R., Roy D.B., Thomas C.D. 2011 . Rapid range shifts Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Nancy Schultz of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science 19: 1024-1026 citation catalogs

General/Considered - Used as a general reference focused on landscape connectivity , a topic widely considered and covered by other more recent citations (e.g., Northern Continental Divide Christie M .R., Knowles L. 2015. Habitat corridors facilitate genetic resilience Nancy Schultz Ecosystem Subcommittee 2018, USDA FS 2006, Western irrespect ive of species dispersal abilities or population sizes. Governors’ Association 2008, Hansen 2009, McIntyre and Ellis 2011, Parks et al. 2012, Cushman et al. 2012, Wade et al. 2015, Haber and Nelson 2015, Mclure et al. 2016)

We reviewed the report and comments citing it. We did not cite the work because the concerns and/or findings associated with it Craighead, Lance, Wilderness, Wildlife, and Ecological Values of the Hyalite- Nancy Schultz were addressed with plan components and/or analyses which Porcupine-Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area, 2015. Page 6, 8, 17 were supported by peer reviewed published science as well as local Forest Service data. Gilbert-Norton L, Wilson R, Stevens J.R., Beard K.H. 2010. A Meta-analytic review Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Nancy Schultz of corridor effectiveness. Conservation Biology 24: 660 -668. citation catalogs

Gonzalez A., Blackburn T.M . 1998 . Metapopulation dynamics, abundance, and Nancy Schultz Effects analysis consistent with this material distribution in a microsystem. Science 281: 2045-2047 General/Considered - Used as a general reference focused on landscape connectivity , a topic widely considered and covered by other more recent citations (e.g., Northern Continental Divide Haddad N.M ., Baum K. 1999. An experimental test of corridor effects on butterfly Nancy Schultz Ecosystem Subcommittee 2018, USDA FS 2006, Western densit ies . Ec ological Applications 9: 623-633 Governors’ Association 2008, Hansen 2009, McIntyre and Ellis 2011, Parks et al. 2012, Cushman et al. 2012, Wade et al. 2015, Haber and Nelson 2015, Mclure et al. 2016)

Hansen, Andy. Phillips, Linda. Trends in Vital Signs in Greater Yellowstone: Nancy Schultz Effects analysis consistent with this material Application of a wildlands health index. August 2018 Kimberley T. Davis, Solomon Z. Dobrowski, Philip E. Higuera, Zachary A. Holden, Thomas T. Veblen, Monica T. Rother, Sean A. Parks, Anna Sala, and Marco P. Maneta. Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests across a critical Nancy Schultz added to FEIS - In endnote climate threshold for tree regeneration. PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) published ahead of print March 11, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815107116

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 67 Commenter Title Response Lawler J.J., Ruesch A.S., Olden J.D., McRae B.H . Projected climate-driven faunaI Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Nancy Schultz movement routes. Ecology letters 16: 1014-10 22 citation catalogs General/Considered - Used as a general reference focused on landscape connectivity , a topic widely considered and covered by other more recent citations (e.g., Northern Continental Divide Montana Connectivity Project, a state wide report, Montana Fish Wildlife and Nancy Schultz Ecosystem Subcommittee 2018, USDA FS 2006, Western Parks. August 2011 Governors’ Association 2008, Hansen 2009, McIntyre and Ellis 2011, Parks et al. 2012, Cushman et al. 2012, Wade et al. 2015, Haber and Nelson 2015, Mclure et al. 2016)

General/Considered - the citation is a book, citation is a general Nation Parks document outlining the conservation/management of the species Conservation Bailey, J.A., 2013. Rewilding an icon. Helena, MT. Sweetgrass Books. 238 pp. and other general information about the species covered by other Association citations.

Dratch, P. A. and Gogan, P. J. P., 2010. Bison Conservation Initiative: Bison General/Irrelevant- the citation is a report on the genetic Nation Parks Conservation Genetics Workshop: report and recommendations. Natural structure and history of bison populations with regards to Conservation Resource Report NPS/NRPC/BRMD/NRR-2010/257. National Park Service, Fort maintaining genetic diversity for the species, issues at scales Association Collins, Colorado. beyond the scale of a Forest Plan.

Nation Parks Freese, C.H., Aune, K.E., Boyd, D.P., Derr, J.N., Forrest, S.C., Gates, C.C., Gogan, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation P.J., Grassel, S.M., Halbert, N.D., Kunkel, K., and Redford, K.H., 2007. Second citation catalogs Association chance for the plains bison. Biological Conservation 136. 175-184.

Nation Parks Gates, C.C., Freese, C.H, Gogan, P.J., and Kotzman, M., 2010. American bison: Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation status survey and conservation guidelines 2010. IUCN. 154 pp. citation catalogs Association Gates, CC & K Aune, 2008. Bison bison. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Nation Parks General/Considered - citation is a general document outlining the 2008: e.T2815A9485062. Conservation conservation status of the species and other general information http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T2815A9485062.en. Association about the species covered by other citations. Downloaded on 12 January 2016. Nation Parks Geremia, C., Rick Wallen & P.J. White, Population Dynamics and Adaptive Considered/Author - topic of bison populations dynamics is Conservation Management of Yellowstone Bison, (Yellowstone National Park, National Park considered and discussed, covered by other literature including Association Service, Aug. 5, 2014). papers by the same authors Nation Parks Geremia, C., Wallen, R., White, P.J., 2017. Status Report on the Yellowstone Bison Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation Population, September 2017. Yellowstone National Park, National Park Service. citation catalogs Association 14 pp. Nation Parks Gray, S., Andersen, C. 2009. Assessing the Future of Wyoming’s Water Resources: Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation Adding Climate Change to the Equation. William D. Ruckelshaus Institute of citation catalogs Association Environment and Natural Resources. University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY. 28 pp.

Nation Parks Conservation Interagency Bison Management Plan, 2000. Cited Association Nation Parks General/Considered - citation is a general document outlining the International Union of Conservation Nature, 2017. The IUCN Red List of Conservation conservation status of the species and other general information Threatened Species. Association about the species covered by other citations

Nation Parks Knapp, A.K., Blair, J.M. Briggs, J.M., Collins, S.L., Hartnett, D.C., Johnson, L.C., Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation Towne, E.G., 1999. The keystone role of bison in North American tallgrass prairie. citation catalogs Association BioScience 49: 39-50. Nation Parks Lindgren, P.M.F. and Sullivan, T.P., 2014. Response of forage yield and quality to Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation thinning and fertilization of young forests: implications for silvopasture citation catalogs Association management. Canadian Journal of Forest

Nation Parks Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks (FWP), 2015. Draft Environmental Impact NA - unable to find doc; the references is general in nature and Conservation Statement Bison Conservation and Management in Montana. Helena, MT. not specifically references in the body of the comment letter Association NatureServe. 2016. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life

Nation Parks Montana. 2013. Joint Draft Environmental Assessment: Year Round Habitat for NA/General - unable to find doc, link provided does not work. Conservation Yellowstone Bison. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1420 East Sixth Avenue, Reference is used to associate the relationship between NF lands Association Helena, MT 59620. and bison use outside of the park General/Considered - Citation is a general document on the Nation Parks Montana’s State Wildlife Action Plan, 2015. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1420 conservation of rare species and maintenance of diversity at the Conservation East Sixth Avenue, Helena, MT 59620. 441 pp. scale of the state of Montana, where appropriate this information Association is already considered and inclusive of other more specific citations

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 68 Commenter Title Response

Pérez-Figueroa, A., R. L. Wallen, T. Antao, J. A. Coombs, M. K. Schwartz, P.J. Nation Parks White, G. Luikart, 2012. Conserving genomic variability in large mammals: Effect Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation of population fluctuations and variance in male reproductive success on citation catalogs Association variability in Yellowstone bison. Biological Conservation 150: 159–166.

Nation Parks Plumb, G.E., P.J. White, Michael B. Coughenour & Rick L. Wallen, Carrying Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation capacity, migration, and dispersal in Yellowstone bison, 2009. Biological citation catalogs Association Conservation 2377-2387. Sanderson, E. W., Redford, K. H., Weber, B., Aune, K., Baldes, D., Berger, J., Carter, D., Curtin, C., Derr, J., Dobrott, S., Fearn, E., Fleener, C., Forrest, S., Nation Parks Gerlach, C., Gates, C. C. Gross, J. E., Gogan, P., Grassel, S., Hilty, J. A., Jensen, M., Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation Kunkel, K., Lammers, D., List, R., Minkowski, K., Olson, T., Pague, C., Robertson, P. citation catalogs Association B. and Stephenson, B., 2008. The ecological future of the North American bison: Conceiving long-term, largescale conservation of wildlife. Conservation Biology 22: 252-266. Nation Parks U.S. Department of Interior, 2000. Record of decision for final environmental Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Conservation impact statement and bison management plan for the State of Montana and citation catalogs Association Yellowstone National Park. Washington, D.C. AMERICAN BISON A SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN. 2018. Buffalo Field Neville Bruce General/Considered Campaign. Fire study shows landscapes such as Bitterroot's Sapphire Range too hot, dry to This is news article about journal article (which is cited in Noreen Breeding restore trees by ROB CHANEY [email protected] Mar 11, 2019 Updated FEIS)/Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Mar 12, 2019 Testimony of Dr. Dominick A. DellaSala, Chief Scientist, Geos Institute, Ashland Oregon, Before the U.S. House of Representatives Natural Resources Committee, Noreen Breeding Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, September 27, 2017 Effects analysis consistent with this material Oversight Hearing "Exploring Solutions to Reduce Risks of Catastrophic Wildfire and Improve Resilience of National Forests" orville bach Gallatin Crest Trip Report Not reliable information source Park County Clark, E., K. Schlenker, and C. Filardi. 2012. “Wilderness Character Monitoring Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Environmental Report Hyalite Porcupine Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area.” U.S. Forest citation catalogs Council Service, Region 1 Gallatin National Forest. Clark, E., K. Schlenker, and C. Filardi. 2012. “Wilderness Character Monitoring Park County Report Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Environmental Hyalite Porcupine Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area.” U.S. Forest Service, citation catalogs Council Region 1 Gallatin National Forest.

We reviewed the report and comments citing it. We did not cite Park County Craighead, Frank Lance, PhD. 2015. “Wilderness, Wildlife, and Ecological Values of the work because the concerns and/or findings associated with it Environmental the Hyalite-Porcupine-Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area” A Report for the Lee were addressed with plan components and/or analyses which Council and Donna Metcalf Foundation, By The Craighead Institute were supported by peer reviewed published science as well as local Forest Service data. We reviewed the report and comments citing it. We did not cite Park County Craighead, Frank Lance, PhD. 2015. “Wilderness, Wildlife, and Ecological Values of the work because the concerns and/or findings associated with it Environmental the Hyalite-Porcupine-Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area” A Report for the Lee were addressed with plan components and/or analyses which Council and Donna Metcalf Foundation, By The Craighead Institute were supported by peer reviewed published science as well as local Forest Service data. Park County Hansen, A. J., and L. Phillips. 2018. “Trends in vital signs for Greater Yellowstone: Environmental application of a Wildland Health Index.” Ecosphere 9(8) :e02380. Effects analysis consistent with this material Council 10.1002/ecs2.2380

Park County Wilderness Inventory and Evaluation criteria are set by planning Watson et al. 2016. “Catastrophic Declines in Wilderness Areas Undermine Global Environmental rule policy, followed that process and used same sources of Environmental Targets.” Current Biology 26 : 2929-2934. Council information for entire forest. The critique of the national timber sale program is too general. Environmentally Harmful Subsidies in the U.S.: Issue #1 the federal logging The economics of logging are particular to each region, forest, and Phil Knight program, Center for Sustainable Economy, May 2019. timbershed. Futher, the CGNF is not a significant source of national timber. Griz Expert says Mountain Bikes are a Grave Threat to Bears. By Todd Wilkinson, Phil Knight Not reliable - popular article Mountain Journal, May 2019. Humans are Speeding Extinction and Altering the Natural World at an Phil Knight Gobal scale, better information for project area available ‘Unprecedented’ Rate. New York Times, May 2019 Wildlife of the Gallatin Mountains, Southcentral Montana, Robinson and Phil Knight unable to find doc Gehman, Wild Things Unlimited, 2012. Randall Gene http://itrr.umt.edu Similar data used Knowles Randall Gene https://test.headwaterseconomics.org Link Broken; could not review Knowles

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 69 Commenter Title Response Business for Montana's Outdoors: Ray Rasker Similar information used https://www.businessformontanasoutdoors.com/. Ray Rasker National Forest Socioeconomic Indicators, report for Custer-Gallatin NF Used in analysis USDA. Assessment Forest Plan Revision Draft Socioeconomic Report. November Ray Rasker Effects analysis consistent with this material 29, 2016 Impacts of Experimentally Applied Mountain Biking and Hiking on Vegetation and Richard Hackett Plan/Analysis consistent with material Soil of a Deciduous Forest. Thuston, Reader 2001. A Possible Link between Yellowstone and Glacier Grizzly Bear Populations. By Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Ryan Cruz Harold D. Picton, 1986 citation catalogs Analyzing Wildlife Movement Corridors in Montana Using GIS; By: Richard Walker Ryan Cruz Cited and Lance Craighead; 1997 Blanchard, B. M. and R. R. Knight. 1991. Movements of Yellowstone grizzly bears, Considered - the topic of population connectivity is considered Ryan Cruz 1975–87. and covered by alternative citations Craighead, F.L., and E. Vyse. 1996. Brown/grizzly bear metapopulations. In: D. Ryan Cruz McCullough (Ed.) Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation Management. Topic covered by other sources Island Press, Washington DC and Covelo CA. Chapter 14: pp. 325-351

Ryan Cruz Crow Indian Tribe Etal vs. USA and State of Wyoming. 2018 Exhisting policy Gender-specific dispersal distances of grizzly bears estimated by genetic analysis; By: Michael F. Proctor, Bruce N. Mclellan, Curtis Strobeck, and Robert M.R. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Ryan Cruz Barclay; 2004 citation catalogs

Genetic analysis of individual origins supports isolation of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; By: Mark A. Haroldson, Charles C. Schwartz, Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Ryan Cruz Katherine C. Kendall, Kerry A. Gunther, David S. Moody, Kevin Frey, David citation catalogs Paetkau; 2010 GRIZZLY BEAR Management Plan for Southwestern Montana 2013; FINAL Ryan Cruz Policy PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT; MTFWP GRIZZLY BEAR MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR WESTERN MONTANA, DRAFT PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT 2006-2016 Prepared by: Ryan Cruz Considered/Exhisting policy Arnold Dood, Shirley J. Atkinson and Vanna J Boccadori; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks Hazards Affecting Grizzly Bear Survival in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; By: Ryan Cruz Cited in EIS Charles C. Schwartz, Mark A. Haroldson, and Gary C. White; 2010.

Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee: FIVE-YEAR (2018-2022) PLAN GOALS, Ryan Cruz Considered/Exhisting policy OBJECTIVES AND 2018 PLANNED ACTIONS Kasworm, W.F. and T.L. Manley. 1990. Road and trail influences on grizzly bears Considered-The effects of recreation roads on bears is considered Ryan Cruz and black bears in and covered by alternative citations northwest Montana. Bears: Their Biology and Management, 8: 79-84.

Ryan Cruz Merriam, C.H. 1922. Distribution of grizzly bears in U.S. Outdoor Life, 50: 405-406. Unreliable - popular article

Pickering, C.M., W. Hill, D. Newsome, and Y, Leung. 2010b. Comparing hiking, mountain biking, and Ryan Cruz horse riding impacts on vegetation and soils in Australia and the United States of More relevant to project planning and travel management America. Journal of Environmental Management, 91: 551-562. Potential paths for male-mediated gene flow to and from an isolated grizzly bear population; By: CHRISTOPHER P. PECK, FRANK T. VAN MANEN, CECILY M. Cited in EIS - topic is also considered and covered by alternative Ryan Cruz COSTELLO, MARK A. HAROLDSON, LISA A. LANDENBURGER, LORI L. ROBERTS, citations, including later citations by the same author DANIEL D. BJORNLIE AND RICHARD D. MACE; 2017

Proctor M., B. McLellan, D. Paetkau, C. Servheen, W. Kasworm, K. Kendall, G. Stenhouse, M. Boyce, and C. Strobeck. 2005. Delineation of sub-population Ryan Cruz boundaries due to anthropogenic fragmentation of grizzly bears in southwest Considered/Author Canada and northwest USA using genetic analysis. Oral presentation, International Bear Association 16th annual conference, Trentino, Italy.

Re-connecting Grizzly Bear Populations: Prospects for Participatory Projects; By: Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Ryan Cruz Steve Primm and Seth M. Wilson; 2004 citation catalogs RESOURCE ROADS AND GRIZZLY BEARS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ALBERTA, Considered - Referenced in discussion of roads and connectivity Ryan Cruz CANADA; By Michael F. Proctor, Bruce N. McLellan, Gordon B. Stenhouse, Garth topics that are both considered and covered by alternative Mowat, Clayton T. Lamb, Mark S. Boyce; 2018 citations Taylor, A.R. and R.L. Knight. 2003. Wildlife responses to recreation and associated Considered - The effects of recreation on wildlife is considered Ryan Cruz visitor perceptions. and covered by alternative citations Ecological Applications, 13: 951-963. Mikkelson, Ket al. 2013, 'Bark beetle infestations affect water quality in the Rocky Shannon Snyder Mountains of North America' GWF Discussion Paper 1306, Global Water Forum, Plan/Analysis consistent with material Canberra, Australia

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 70 Commenter Title Response South Dakota Game Considered - the topic of fence strikes was considered and Bailey, J.A., 2013. Rewilding an icon. Helena, MT. Sweetgrass Books. 238 pp. and Fish included by other references, e.g. Boyd et al. 2014 South Dakota Game Burton, T.A., S.J. Smith and E.R. Cowley, 2008. Monitoring Stream Channels and The newer 2011 version is now sited in management approaches.- and Fish Riaprian Vegetation - Multiple Indicators. unable to find doc South Dakota Game Burton, T.A., S.J. Smith and E.R. Cowley, 2011. Monitoring Stream Channels and Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action and Fish Riaprian Vegetation - Multiple Indicators. citation catalogs The paper cited here is a literature review and recommendations for BLM field offices in Idaho. While the quote pulled from this South Dakota Game Cowley e.r. 2002. guidlines for establishing allowable levels of stream bank paper is relevant to the CG FPR effort, the intent of the quoate is and Fish alteration, USDI, BLM, Idaho state office, Boise. very broad and is also covered in enviro consequences for the relevant resource uses.

Experimental evidence for the effects of chronic anthropogenic noise on abundance of Greater Sage-Grouse at leks. 2012. Blickley JL1, Blackwood D, South Dakota Game Considered - the topic was considered and covered by alternative Patricelli GL. 1Department of Evolution and Ecology and Graduate Group in and Fish citations; USDI FWS 2013c Ecology, 2320 Storer Hall, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. [email protected] Keigley, R.B. and M.R. Frisina. 1998. Browse evaluation by analysis of growth Subject/topic considered and analyzed but addressed by other South Dakota Game form. Vol 1: Methods For Evaluating condition and trend. Montana Fish Wildlife literature or sources of information that is appropriate or equally and Fish and Parks. relevant. MODEL FOR CLASSIFICATION AND South Dakota Game MONITORING GREEN ASH—ECOLOGICAL Cited in Mgmt Approaches - This was used in place of Uresk et al and Fish TYPE IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS. Daniel W. Uresk1*, Kieth E. Severson2, 2010 which was already in mgmt approach. and Jody Javersak Considered/Author - the topic of stressors is considered and South Dakota Game Naugle, D.E., Aldridge, C.L., Walker, B.L. et al 2004. West Nile virus: pending crisis covered by other citations (USDI FWS 2013c) and inclusive in and Fish for greater sage grouse. Ecology letters. 7:704-713. other citations authored by the same authors (e.g., Connelly et al. 2011) Considered/Author - the topic of stressors is considered and Oyler-McCane, S.J., S.E. Taylor, T.W. Quinn. 2005 A multilocus population genetic South Dakota Game covered by other citations (USDI FWS 2013c) and inclusive in survey of the Greater Sage Grouse across their range. Molecular Ecology. 14:1293- and Fish other citations authored by the same authors (e.g., Connelly et al. 1310. 2011) Sheppard, Wayne D.; Battaglia, Michael A. 2002. Ecology, silviculture, and South Dakota Game managementof Black Hills ponderosa pine. Gen Tech Rep. Fort Collins, CO USDA Effects analysis consistent with this material and Fish Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 112p.

South Dakota Department of Game and Fish and Parks. 2014. South Dakota South Dakota Game Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Wildlife Action Plan. Wildlife Division Report 2014-03. South Dakota Department and Fish citation catalogs of Game and Fish and parks, pierre. Stevens, B.S., J.W. Connelly, and K.P. Reese. 2012. Multi-Scale assessment of South Dakota Game greater sage grouse fence collision as a function of site and broad scale factors. Analysis and plan consistent with this material and Fish Journal of Wildlife Manage. 76:1370-1380.

South Dakota Game U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2013. Greater Sage-Grouse Conservation Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action and Fish Objectives: Final Report. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, CO. February 2013. citation catalogs

Uresk, D.W. and D.E.Mergen. In Press. Effects of livestock grazing and cultural South Dakota Game Effects analysis consistent with this material, other Uresk refs treatments on regeneration of green ash woodlands on the northern great and Fish cited in mgmt approaches - unable to find doc planins: an update. Intermountain J. of Sciences. 23. May need Range Review; Wildlife:General/Irrelevant - the South Dakota Game Uresk, D.W. and T.A. Benzon, K.E.Severson, and L. Benkobi.1999. Characteristics manuscript describes the general ecology/management of the and Fish of white tailed deer fawn beds, black hills, south dakota. Great Basin Naturalist. species and is more appropriate for consideration at the project level Uresk, D.W., J. Javersak, and D.E. Mergen. 2009. Tree sapling and shrub heights South Dakota Game Effects analysis consistent with this material, other Uresk refs after 25 yearsof livestock grazing in green ash draws in western North Dakota, and Fish cited in mgmt approaches - In Endnote Proceedings of the South Dakota Acedemy of Science, vol 88. pp 99-108.

Walker, B.L., D.E. Naugle, and K.E. Doherty. 2007. Greater Sage Grouse South Dakota Game Considered - the topic of energy development was considered and popualtion response to energy development and habitat loss. Journal of Wildlife and Fish included by other references, e.g. Holloran et al. 2005 Management. Hammarstrom. 1998. USGS Open File Report 98-517 Custer & Gallatin NF Basic geology documents, not needed to add additional Tamara Johnson Resource Assessment. information into plan. Tamara Johnson MBMG 466 (lists all of the mining areas by counties). unable to find doc USBM 1995. “Availability of Federally Owned Minerals for Tamara Johnson unable to find doc Exploration and Development in Western States: Western Montana USGS Bulletin 1505, Mineral resources of the North Absaroka Wilderness Study Basic geology documents, not needed to add additional Tamara Johnson Area, Park and Sweet Grass Counties, Montana information into plan. Basic geology documents, not needed to add additional Tamara Johnson USGS Circular 1305 2007 (discusses mineral potential in Montana & Idaho). information into plan.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 71 Commenter Title Response USGS Open File Report 96-25, Mineral Assessment of the Absaroka-Beartooth Tamara Johnson Similar information used Study Area. Basic geology documents, not needed to add additional Tamara Johnson USGS Open File Report 96-256, Custer NF Pryor Mountains Resource Assessment. information into plan. USGS Open-File Report 96-45, Energy and Mineral Resource Assessment of the Basic geology documents, not needed to add additional Tamara Johnson Ashland Division of the Custer National Forest information into plan. Duplcated for Geology review. Already reviewed citation ( "yes" Tamara Johnson Wilson, A. 2016. USGS Prof Paper 1654 Gallatin NF Resource Assessment. earlier column) North American Packgoat Association (NAPgA) Theresa Mercer Cited - a link to NAPgA BMPs is included in the EIS Best Management Practices (BMP’S) 2017 MONTANA CLIMATE ASSESSMENT; Cathy Whitlock, Wyatt F. Cross, Bruce Tom France Cited Maxwell, Nick Silverman, and Alisa A. Wade; 2017 This report is focused on habitat condition for specific anadromous salmon/steelhead and bulltrout watersheds on the Andonaegui, C. (2000) Salmon, Steelhead and Bull Trout Habitat Limiting Factors eastern slope of the Cascades. As stated in this report it is the Tom France Water Resource Inventory Area48. Washington State Conservation Commission, hope of the agencies in the area that the report can then be used Olympia, Washington. to guide restoration efforts in those specific watersheds. Thus, it is not relevant to the CG FPR effort.

Baker, B. W., and E. P. Hill. 2003. Beaver (Castor canadensis). Pages 288-310 in G. Tom France A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, and J. A. Chapman, editors. Wild Mammals of General - general reference to history of beavers in North America North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. Second Edition.

no access to the document therefore unable to review; cited as Baldwin, Jeff. “Problematizing Beaver Habitat Identification Models for reference for: One reference described how Reintroduction Application in the Western United States.” Yearbook of the beaver ponds, which “store about six acre-feet and are built about Tom France Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, vol. 75, 2013, 105. JSTOR, JSTOR, one hundred meters apart in appropriate habitat” can “bank www.jstor.org/stable/24043391 significant amounts of water, thus evening seasonal stream flows.” Beaver Believers' say dam-building creatures can make the American West lush Tom France Not reliable -Interview of author again; Interview with Goldfarb, 2018 Beaver Habitat Selection for 24 Yr Since Reintroduction North of Yellowstone Tom France National Park: Matthew A. Scrafford, Daniel B. Tyers, Duncan T. Patten, Bok F. reviewed, relevant but topic covered by other literature Sowell. 2018 Beaver restoration would reduce wildfires; More effective and less expensive than logging, beaver also provide fish, wildlife and flood control benefits; Tom France thewildlifenews.com/2013/10/25/beaver-restoration-would-reduce-wildfires/, Not reliable - opinion piece Ralph Maughan,2013

BEAVERS, REBOOTED; Artificial beaver dams are a hot restoration strategy, but Tom France the projects aren’t always welcome; By Ben Goldfarb, in the Scott Valley, General/Irrelevant California; 2018 Ben Goldfarb, Eager: The Surprising, Secret Life Of Beavers And Why They Matter, Tom France Book that is not available for review Chelsea Green Publishing, (2018). Ben Goldfarb, Eager: The Surprising, Secret Life Of Beavers And Why They Matter, Tom France no access to the document therefore unable to review Chelsea Green Publishing, 10 (2018). Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Tom France Big Hole Watershed Committee. (2018). California Creek Restoration. citation catalogs

Climate Change and Beaver Activity; How Restoring Nature’s Engineers can General/Not Reliable - manuscript is an anecdotal description of a Tom France Alleviate Problems; Suzanne Fouty 2008 single stream and the effects of beaver removal

Tom France Forest Service Strategic Framework for Responding to Climate Change; 2008 Existing policy

Tom France Habitat Restoration as Climate Adaptation Tools in New Mexico, (2016), Plan and Analysis consistent with this material

General/Dated - References to beavers in this manuscript are Increasing Summer Flow in Small Streams through Management of riparian Areas Tom France generally historical and speak to the general benefits of beavers and Adjacent Vegetation: A Synthesis; by D. Frederic Stabler, 1985 as ecosystem engineers Kemp, P. S., Worthington, T. A., Langford, T. E., Tree, A. R., & Gaywood, M. J. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Tom France (2012). Qualitative and quantitative effects of reintroduced beavers on stream citation catalogs fish. Fish and Fisheries, 13(2), 158-181. One of the main premises of this paper is that beavers can help amelioarate the potential effects of ice on habitat. The draft plan Lindstrom, J. W., & Hubert, W. A. (2004). Ice processes affect habitat use and and DEIS have sufficient literature on the positive effects of Tom France movements of adult cutthroat trout and brook trout in a Wyoming foothills beavers to aquatic, and more, species habitat. The other stream. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 24(4), 1341-1352. recomendations related to project restoration efforts would occur at the project scale.

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 72 Commenter Title Response Lokteff, R. L., Roper, B. B., & Wheaton, J. M. (2013). Do beaver dams impede the Extensive literature on beavers was cited in the DEIS, this paper is Tom France movement of trout?. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 142(4), 1114- complimentary to the existing literture and thus not needed. 1125 Managing Climate Change Refugia for Climate Adaptation; by: Toni Lyn Morelli , Christopher Daly, Solomon Z. Dobrowski, Deanna M. Dulen, Joseph L. Ebersole, Tom France Stephen T. Jackson, Jessica D. Lundquist, Constance I. Millar, Sean P. Maher, Cited in DEIS William B. Monahan, Koren R. Nydick, Kelly T. Redmond, Sarah C. Sawyer, Sarah Stock, Steven R. Beissinger; 2016 Montana Climate Assessment, 2017 Montana Climate Assessment: Stakeholder Tom France Cited Driven, Science Informed, Montana Institute on Ecosystems, 232 (2017)

Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks. (2019). General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Tom France Arctic Grayling. species, inclusive in project level analysis

Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks. (2019). General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Tom France Special Status Codes. species, inclusive in project level analysis

Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks. (2019). General - General manuscript on the ecology/management of the Tom France Westslope Cutthroat Trout. species, inclusive in project level analysis

National Advisory Committee for Implementation of the National Forest 2012 Tom France Planning Rule, Programmatic Overview of Implementation of the Rule – Supplemental information to comment, not cited Measuring Success, (April 18, 2016) National Forest System Land Management Planning (hereafter, “2012 Planning Tom France Referred to in Plan and EIS, cited Rule”), 77 Fed. Reg. 21162-01, 21164 National Marine Fisheries Service. (2014). Final Recovery Plan for the Southern Tom France Oregon/Northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit of Coho Salmon Irrelevant document focuses on topics not relevant to the region (Oncorhynchus kisutch). National Marine Fisheries Service. Arcata, CA.

Peterson , Christine. “Beaver Mimicry Projects Could Be Key to Restoring Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Tom France Wetlands.” The Nature Conservancy, (2019) citation catalogs

Potential mitigation of and adaptation to climate-driven changes in California’s Tom France Considered; Topic covered by other sources highlands through increased beaver populations; 2015; Jeff Baldwin

Rasmussen, D.I. (1941) Beaver-trout relationship in the Rocky Mountain region. Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Tom France Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference 5, 256–263 citation catalogs

Report of the Climate Change Adaptation and Beaver Management Team to the Joint Implementation Working Group; Implementing the National Fish, Wildlife, Tom France Repeat and Plant Climate Change Adaptation Strategy; Climate Change Adaptation and Beaver Management Team (Team) Report of the Climate Change Adaptation and Beaver Management Team to the Joint Implementation Working Group; Implementing the National Fish, Wildlife, Tom France Topic covered by other sources and Plant Climate Change Adaptation Strategy; Climate Change Adaptation and Beaver Management Team (Team) Many citations already used in the DEIS stress identical points of Suzanne Fouty, Climate Change and Beaver Activity How Restoring Nature’s Tom France this paper. Additonally, plan components protect and encourage Engineers can Alleviate Problems, (2008) beavers in the draft plan. The Beaver Restoration Guidebook; Working with Beaver to Restore Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains; April 10, 2018; US Fish and Wildlife Service Janine General - General reference to the benefits of beavers to Tom France Castro, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Michael Pollock and ecosystems, a topic that is acknowledged in the Plan Chris Jordan, University of Saskatchewan Gregory Lewallen, US Forest Service Kent Woodruff The Economic Value of Beaver Ecosystem Services Escalante River Basin, Utah; General - General reference to the benefits of beavers to Tom France Mark Buckley, 2011 ecosystems The Economic Value of Beaver Ecosystem Services: Escalante River Basin, Utah, Tom France General - general manuscript on the ecosystem value of beaver 49-51, Tables 22-24 (2011), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service strategic framework for Tom France responding to climate change: Version 1.0, USDA - Forest Service Climate Change Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Advisor’s Office, 4 (2008 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rio Grande National Forest: Draft Revised Land Tom France Refers to other plans and EISs, not cited Management Plan, U.S. Forest Service, 15 (2017)

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, The Beaver Restoration Guidebook 2.0, Working with Tom France General Beaver to Restore Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains, (2018), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Report of the Climate Change Adaptation and Beaver Management Team to the Joint Implementation Working Group Tom France Considered; covered by similar work Implementing the National Fish, Wildlife, and Plant Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, 2-3 (2014)

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 73 Commenter Title Response United States Forest Service, Forest Service Manual: 1900 Planning, 1921.02- Tom France Supplemental information to comment, not cited 1921.03 (2015) Watershed Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment ; Wade, Tom France A.A., C. Brick, S. Spaulding, T. Sylte, and J. Louie. April 2016. U.S. Department of Considered; covered by similar work Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region and Lolo National Forest.

Weber, N., Bouwes, N., Pollock, M. M., Volk, C., Wheaton, J. M., Wathen, G., ... & Many citations already used in the DEIS stress identical points of Tom France Jordan, C. E. (2017). Alteration of stream temperature by natural and artificial this paper. Additonally, plan components protect and encourage beaver dams. PloS one, 12(5), e0176313 beavers in the draft plan. Wetland Protection and Beaver Habitat Restoration as Climate Adaptation Tools Irrelevant - technical guide referencing a specific program in New Tom France in New Mexico; State of NM, 2016 Mexico White, S. M., & Rahel, F. J. (2008). Complementation of habitats for Bonneville Many citations already used in the DEIS stress identical points of Tom France cutthroat trout in watersheds influenced by beavers, livestock, and drought. this paper. Additonally, plan components protect and encourage Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 137(3), 881-894. beavers in the draft plan.

Wildlife Conservation Planning Under the United States Forest Service’s 2012 Tom France Planning Rule; By: COURTNEY A. SCHULTZ, THOMAS D. SISK, BARRY R. NOON, General/Exhisting policy MARTIN A. NIE Yvonne Baskin, Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life Sustains Us, Island Cited in DEIS and/or addressed in Assesment or Proposed Action Tom France Press, 168 (1997), https://asknature.org/strategy/habitat-mosaics-stop- citation catalogs fires/#.W7rHTJNKjPA. Zachary Wurtzeback and Courtney Schultz, Measuring Ecological Integrity: Tom France History, Practical Applications, and Research Opportunities, BioScience, Vol. 66 Cited Issue 6, 2 (June 2016), A framework for understanding semi-permeable barrier effects on migratory Considered - the topic of big game migration is considered and Toni O'Hara ungulates; Hall Sawyer, Matthew J. Kauffman, Arthur D. Middleton, Thomas A. covered by alternative citateions (e.g., Rolandsen et al. 2017) Morrison, Ryan M. Nielson and Teal B. Wyckoff; 2013

Federal Lands Hunting, Fishing, and Shooting Sports Roundtable MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING among the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Toni O'Hara Plan/Analysis consistent with material Service, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Bureau of Land Management, & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Toni O'Hara Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Elk Migration. National Geographic. Not reliable New Approaches for Early Detection and Rapid Response to Invasive Plants in the Toni O'Hara Plan and Analysis consistent with this material United States; Author(s): Randy G. Westbrooks; 2004 Off Limits, But Within Reach: Unlocking the West's Inaccessable Publiclands. onX, Toni O'Hara Not specific to CG forest plan TRCP. 2018. Regional and Seasonal Patterns of Nutritional Condition and Reproduction in Elk; RACHEL C. COOK, JOHN G. COOK, DAVID J. VALES, BRUCE K. JOHNSON, SCOTT M. MCCORQUODALE, LISA A. SHIPLEY, ROBERT A. RIGGS, LARRY L. IRWIN, SHANNON Toni O'Hara L. MURPHIE, BRYAN L. MURPHIE, KATHRYN A. SCHOENECKER, FRANK GEYER, P. Considered; Topic covered by other sources BRIGGS HALL, ROCKY D. SPENCER, DAVE A. IMMELL, DEWAINE H. JACKSON, BRETT L. TILLER, PATRICK J. MILLER, LOWELL SCHMITZ, 2013

Rejoinder: challenge and opportunity in the study of ungulate migration amid environmental change; by: ARTHUR D. MIDDLETON, MATTHEW J. KAUFFMAN, Toni O'Hara Considered; Topic covered by other sources DOUGLAS E. MCWHIRTER, JOHN G. COOK, RACHEL C. COOK, ABIGAIL A. NELSON, MICHAEL D. JIMENEZ, AND ROBERT W. KLAVER; 2013

Security Areas for Elk During Archery and Rifle Hunting Seasons, by DUSTIN H. Considered - Cited as BASI for keeping Elk Security standards Toni O'Hara RANGLACK, KELLY M. PROFFITT, JODIE E. CANFIELD, JUSTIN A. GUDE, JAY (disputes use of this BASI as evidence to the contrary). ROTELLA, and ROBERT A. GARROTT; 2017 General/Considered - the topics of habitat connectivity and State Action Plan for priority Big Game Corridors and Winter Range. Montana Toni O'Hara specifically winter range and summer range value are considered Fish Wildlife and Parks 2018. and included in other citations The forgotten stage of forest succession: early-successional ecosystems on forest sites; Mark E Swanson, Jerry F Franklin, Robert L Beschta, Charles M Crisafulli, Toni O'Hara Plan and Analysis consistent with this material Dominick A DellaSala, Richard L Hutto, David B Lindenmayer, and Frederick J Swanson; 2011 The Starkey Project: Long-Term Research for Long-Term Management Solutions; By: Thomas M. Quigley and Michael J. Wisdom; 2005 Full citation: Quigley, T. M., and M. J. Wisdom. 2005. The Starkey Project: Long-Term Research for Long-Term Considered - the wide range of topics in the review are considered Toni O'Hara Management Solutions. Pages 9-16 in Wisdom, M. J., technical editor, The and covered by alternative citations including citations included in Starkey Project: a synthesis of long-term studies of elk and mule deer. Reprinted the review from the 2004 Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Alliance Communications Group, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 74 Commenter Title Response Mountain Bikers of Santa Cruz (MBOSC): Introducing the Mountain Biking Impact Tony Ferlisi Resource reviewed, similar work used in analysis Review. 2019 Continental Divide National Scenic Trail Planning Handbook, By Greg Warren, Warren Greg Information reviewed 2018 Multiple comparisons test results showed that horses and hikers Erosional Impact of Hikers, Horses, Motorcycles, and Off-Road Bicycles on (hooves and feet) made more sediment available than wheels Yvonne Rudman Mountain Trails in Montana," by John P. Wilson and Joseph P. Seney, in (motorcycles and off-road bicycles) and that this effect was most Mountain Research and Development, Vol. 14, No. 1 February 1994, pp. 77-88). pronounced on prewetted trails ZEBADIAH Captive interspecies commingling studies evaluating transmission of Movi and Considered - topic was considered and covered by alternative BREUCKMAN other pathogens to bighorn sheep citations ZEBADIAH Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant W-159-R Considered - topic was considered and covered by alternative BREUCKMAN Annual report, March 15, 2018 citations ZEBADIAH Considered - topic was considered and covered by alternative June 2015. Mycoplasma ovipneumonia on U.S. Sheep Operations. BREUCKMAN citations ZEBADIAH Packgoats and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Prevalence Study 2016 Considered - topic was considered and covered by alternative BREUCKMAN North American Packgoat Association Summary of Understanding citations

Custer Gallatin Plan Revision - DEIS Public Citation Catalog Page 75