Proceedings of the Ivth International Wildlife Management Congress
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
IVth International Wildlife Management Congress PROCEEDINGS James W. Cain III and Jason P. Marshal, Editors 9-12 July 2012 Durban, South Africa Proceedings of the IVth International Wildlife Management Congress Cooperative Wildlife Management Across Borders: Learning in the Face of Change Editors James W. Cain III Jason P. Marshal Copyright © 203 by The Wildlife Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or by any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Distributed by The Wildife Society 540 Grosvenor Lane Bethesda, MD 2084 ISBN 0- ISSN 0- 9-12 July 2012 Durban, South Africa HOSTED BY The Congress was organized by The Wildlife Society in cooperation with: Wildlife and Environmental Society of South Africa (WESSA) South African National Parks (SANParks) and EZEMVELO KZN Wildlife IVth INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT CONGRESS STEERING COMMITTEE Paul Krausman, Chair Aileen Guzman Robert Snyder Erik Beever Wini Kessler Erik Terdal Steve Berwick Jeff Koschak Francisco Vilella John Bissonette Chris E. Lowrey Jeff Waldon Jeff Black Jason P. Marshal Darryl Walter James Cain James D. Murdoch Gary White Carol Chambers Johnathan O’Dell Robin P. White Sandor Csanyi Jason Ransom Bill Gould Jason Scott ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Paul Krausman - The Wildlife Society (TWS) Darryl Walter - The Wildlife Society (TWS) Tricia Fry - The Wildlife Society (TWS) Mumsie Gumede - Wildlife and Environmental Society of South Africa (WESSA) Garth Barnes - Wildlife and Environmental Society of South Africa (WESSA) Chris Galliers - Wildlife and Environmental Society of South Africa (WESSA) Bandile Mkize - Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Sifiso Keswa - Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Howard Hendricks - South Africa National Parks (SANParks) Hector Magome - South Africa National Parks (SANParks) i THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY COUNCIL AND EDITORS President: Paul R. Krausman, University Central Mts. & Plains Section Repre- of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 sentative: Gary C. White, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 President-Elect: Winifred B. Kessler, US Forest Service (retired), Prince George, BC, Northwest Section Representative: Jack V2K 5L6, Canada Connelly, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Blackfoot, ID 83221 Vice President: Jonathan B. Haufler, Ecosystem Management Research Institute, Canadian Section Representative: Rick Seeley Lake, MT 59868 Baydack, University of Manitoba, Winni- peg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2 Immediate Past-President: Thomas J. Ry- der, Wyoming Game & Fish Department, Student Liaison : Ashley Gramza, Fort Cheyenne, WY 82006 Collins, CO 80524 Northeast Section Representative: John EDITORS McDonald, Westfield State University, Journal of Wildlife Management: Westfield, MA 01085 William M. Block, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 North Central Section Representative: Wildlife Society Bulletin: Karl J. Martin, Wisconsin Department of Leonard Brennan, Caesar Kleberg Natural Resources, Madison, WI 53716 Wildlife Research Institute, Kingsville, TX 78363-8202 Southwest Section Representative: Carol L. Chambers, Northern Arizona University, Wildlife Monographs: Flagstaff, AZ 86011 Eric Hellgren, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 Western Section Representative: Donald A. Yasuda, USDA Forest Service, McClel- Technical Reviews: lan, CA 95652 Theodore A. Bookhout, Worthington, OH 43085 Southeastern Section Representative: Darren Miller, Weyerhaeuser Company, Columbus, MS 39704 ii CONGRESS SPONSORS iii FOREW0RD Paul Krausman, Ph.D. 202 President, The Wildlife Society In July 202, wildlifers from around the globe international collaboration has become increasingly gathered in Durban, South Africa for the IVth Interna- important to The Wildlife Society (TWS). Indeed, the tional Wildlife Management Congress (IWMC). The importance of our involvement in this arena cannot be Wildlife Society (TWS) initiated the concept of the overstated. Wildlife is, after all, an international re- IWMC nearly 20 years ago. The first IWMC was held source, and all wildlifers should view it as such. This in San Jose, Costa Rica, in September 993 (before the kind of international collaboration with partners in the first TWS Annual Conference in 1994), drawing 521 host country is essential if TWS is to effectively ad- participants from 66 countries—a gratifying turnout al- dress the mounting challenges to wildlife management lowing an exchange of information between developed and conservation. These include the human popula- and developing nations. The second IWMC occurred tion explosion, habitat loss and fragmentation, disease in Godollo, Hungary, in summer 999, where 357 par- emergence, the spread of invasive plants and animals, ticipants gathered from 40 countries. The third took climate changes, pollution, the devaluation of wildlife place in Christchurch, New Zealand, in December through practices such as game farming, the decline or 2003, with 943 attendees from 52 nations—the larg- lack of dedicated conservation funding, threats to the est gathering of wildlifers ever in the Southern Hemi- sustainable use of wildlife, changing property rights, sphere. The IVth IWMC, co-hosted with the Wildlife negative human attitudes towards wildlife, and the dis- and Environmental Society of South Africa, was also connect between humans and nature, which leads to a success with nearly 400 attendees from 35 countries. conservation apathy. These are only some of the chal- The atmosphere was charged with dynamic energy lenges biologists worldwide have to deal with in the from discussions of rhino poaching, tiger conserva- day to-day management and conservation of wildlife tion, fragmentation by roads and canals, international species. International congresses bring these issues to models of conservation, cross border cooperation, con- the world stage and convince us of the importance of flict management, wildlife ranching, and contemporary meaningful involvement with wildlife beyond the bor- concerns across North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, ders of North America. and the other corners of the world. Radio and newspa- per journalists closely covered the event and broadcast One of the seven pillars of the North American the news widely in Japan, Germany, South Africa, and Model recognizes wildlife as an international resource, elsewhere around the world, providing powerful expo- and TWS has always acknowledged the importance of sure for issues that concern us all. this principle and taking steps to be involved in inter- national management and conservation. This priority is As the IVth IWMC in Durban illustrated, the ques- reflected by our own membership, which now extends tion of how to address human influences on wildlife well beyond North America to include members in 5 is a global concern that requires international coop- countries around the globe, from Andorra to Uruguay. eration among wildlife scientists and managers. Such Many of our international colleagues join us at our An- iv nual Conference to share their knowledge and learn scripts and books. The proceedings of the first and from the science, research, and fieldwork of North second IWMC were published by TWS, but for the American wildlifers. third IWMC TWS only published the abstracts due to publication expenses and rising costs of international International wildlife management is something postage. For the IVth IWMC the Congress organizers TWS will always be involved in. The Society has al- opted for on-line publishing. This is still a fairly new ways been concerned with worldwide events related concept and one not embraced by all members of our to wildlife. This remains one of our strengths, and is profession. Thus, of the 35 oral presentations, 30 becoming more important than ever as human popula- posters, and papers in workshops, panels, and sympo- tions grow and habitats shrink. Aside from its merits siums presented, we only received a handful of manu- for wildlife conservation, international collaboration to scripts to include in the electronic proceedings. Fortu- protect our natural resources reflects our shared hu- nately, they cover the globe and are representative of manity and enriches the human spirit—a win for all the papers at the Congress. species that inhabit the Earth. As we wrap up the IVth IWMC, plans are underway Dramatic changes in international wildlife manage- for the V IWMC in Sapporo, Japan in 205. I encour- ment are as fast paced as the changes in the world of age you to come and look forward to seeing you all publication--the move from paper to paperless manu- there. Keep it wild! ABOUT THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY The Wildlife Society is committed to a world where humans and wildlife co-exist. We work to ensure that wildlife and habitats are conserved through management actions that take into careful consideration relevant scientific information. We create opportunities for this to occur by involving professional wildlife managers, disseminating wildlife science, advocating for effective wildlife policy and law, and building the active support of an informed citizenry. Our mission is to represent and serve the professional community of scientists, managers, educators, technicians, planners, and others who work actively to study, manage, and conserve wildlife and habitats worldwide. The members of The Wildlife Society manage, conserve, and study wildlife popu- lations and habitats. They actively manage forests, conserve wetlands, restore en- dangered species, conserve wildlife on private and public lands,