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Sport Hunting in the Southern African Development Community (Sadc) Region

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Sport Hunting in the Southern African Development Community (Sadc) Region SPORT HUNTING IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) REGION: An overview Rob Barnett Claire Patterson TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa. © 2006 TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa All rights reserved. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa as the copyright owner. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Barnett, R. and Patterson, C. (2005). Sport Hunting in the Southern African Development Community ( SADC) Region: An overview. TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa ISBN: 0-9802542-0-5 Front cover photograph: Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis Photograph credit: Megan Diamond Pursuant to Grant No. 690-0283-A-11-5950-00 Regional Networking and Capacity Building Initiative for southern Africa IUCN Regional Office for southern Africa “This publication was made possible through support provided by US Agency for International Development, REGIONAL CENTRE FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA under the terms of Grant No. 690- 0283-A-00-5950-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development.” SPORT HUNTING IN THE SADC REGION: AN OVERVIEW Rob Barnett Claire Patterson Zyl Andre van Credit: Lion Panthera pardus TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface i Acknowledgements ii Executive Summary iii Glossary viii Introduction 1 Methodology 3 Sport hunting in the SADC region 4 Country accounts Sport hunting in Botswana I. Background 6 II. Wildlife and Sport Hunting Policy, Process and Legislation 8 III. Wildlife Utilization Industry 9 IV. Development of Sport Hunting 9 V. Structure and Status of Sport Hunting 10 VI. Botswana’s Sport Hunting Market 15 VII. Management of the Sport Hunting Industry 18 i.) Sport Hunting Management Bodies 18 ii.) Maintaining Quality and Standards 18 iii.) Monitoring and Administration 19 iv.) Sport Hunting Quota Setting 20 v.) Maximizing Economic and Social Benefits 21 VIII. Discussion/Conclusion 24 Sport hunting in Namibia I. Background 25 II. Wildlife and Sport Hunting Policy, Process and Legislation 26 III. Wildlife Utilization Industry 28 IV. Structure and Status of the Sport Hunting Industry 29 V. Namibia’s Sport Hunting Market 35 VI. Management of the Sport Hunting Industry 37 i.) Sport Hunting Management Bodies 37 ii.) Maintaining Quality and Standards 37 iii.) Monitoring and Administration 38 iv.) Sport Hunting Quota Setting 39 v.) Maximizing Economic and Social Benefits 39 VII. Discussion/Conclusion 42 Sport hunting in South Africa I. Background 43 II. Wildlife and Sport Hunting Policy, Process and Legislation 44 III. Wildlife Utilization Industry 45 IV. Development of Sport Hunting 46 i.) Sport Hunting Growth in Private Lands 46 ii) Sport Hunting Growth in Communal Lands 46 V. Structure and Status of Sport Hunting 48 VI. South Africa’s Sport Hunting Market 49 VII. Management of the Sport Hunting Industry 52 i.) Sport Hunting Management Bodies 52 ii.) Maintaining Quality and Standards 53 iii.) Monitoring and Administration 55 iv.) Sport Hunting Quota Setting 56 v.) Maximizing Economic and Social Benefits 57 VIII. Discussion/Conclusion 59 Sport hunting in Tanzania I. Background 60 II. Wildlife and Sport Hunting Policy, Process and Legislation 61 III. Wildlife Utilization Industry 62 IV. Development of Sport Hunting 63 V. Structure and Status of Sport Hunting 64 VI. Tanzania’s Sport Hunting Market 66 VII. Management of the Sport Hunting Industry 68 i.) Sport Hunting Management Bodies 68 ii.) Maintaining Quality and Standards 68 iii.) Monitoring and Administration 69 iv.) Sport Hunting Quota Setting 69 v.) Maximizing Economic and Social Benefits of Sport Hunting 70 VIII. Discussion/Conclusion 75 Sport hunting in Zimbabwe I. Background 76 II. Wildlife and Sport Hunting Policy, Process and Legislation 77 III. Wildlife Utilization Industry 78 VI. Development of Sport Hunting 79 i.) Sport Hunting Growth in Private Lands 80 ii) Sport Hunting Growth in the Parks and Wildlife Estate 82 iii) Sport Hunting Growth in Communal Lands 83 V. Structure and Status of Sport Hunting 85 VI. Zimbabwe’s Sport Hunting Market 86 VII. Management of the Sport Hunting Industry 88 i.) Sport Hunting Management Bodies 88 ii.) Maintaining Quality and Standards 89 iii.) Monitoring and Administration 90 iv.) Sport Hunting Quota Setting 91 v.) Maximizing Economic and Social Benefits 93 VIII. Discussion/Conclusion 98 Management and ‘best-practice’ guidelines I. Maintaining Quality and Standards of the Sport Hunting Industry 99 II. Monitoring and Administration of the Sport Hunting Industry 100 III. Quota Setting 101 IV. Maximizing Economic and Social Benefits from the Sport Hunting 103 Industry V. Constraints Affecting the SADC Sport Hunting Industry 105 VI. Discussion/Conclusion 106 References 107 Preface The research and information contained in this report was originally conducted by TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa in 1999-2000 under phase two of the Network and Capacity Building Initiative for Southern Africa (NETCAB) that was funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) through the IUCN Regional Office for Southern Africa. This component of the NETCAB programme assessed sport hunting policy, structures and management practices in five key countries in the SADC region, the results of which were originally published in 2001 with a limited regional distribution. Demand for the report, however, has superseded the original supply and TRAFFIC is responding by reissuing a slightly revised report with a large print run. The ultimate aim of this exercise was to examine the region’s sport hunting industries in detail and draw out a series of ‘best practice’ attributes that serve to promote not only good conservation policies and practices for wildlife in wild settings, but also to safeguard the economic viability and sustainable development potential of the industry in a world of competing interests and agendas. Whilst most cultures around the world have deep-rooted hunting traditions, certain contemporary notions about wild animals and animal rights give rise to a much more challenging global environment today. Consequently, hunting ethics are under scrutiny as never before and a high standard of ‘best practices’ over a broad spectrum is demanded to satisfy critical review. Sport hunting industries must not only demonstrate solid conservation and ethical credentials, but also exhibit good governance, transparency and accountability in terms of how they operate. Wherever possible, sport hunting must also play a positive role in creating a recognised national value for wildlife, its required habitat, and in supporting the livelihoods of Africa’s rural poor. While it needs to be appreciated that this report is a somewhat dated, time-based snapshot of key sport hunting industries in southern Africa in the late 1990s, it nonetheless offers a platform from which to draw out important lessons learned and ‘best practices’ that remain just as relevant today. While acknowledging that Africa’s sport hunting industry is dynamic and ever-changing, reissuing this report now serves a very useful purpose in understanding a range of underlying policies and practices in SADC at a time when the adoption of a generic regional ‘best practice’ standard still remains an elusive goal. Readers need to be cautioned that individual circumstances have significantly changed in some countries, especially South Africa and Zimbabwe, where major policy changes and land reform initiatives have transpired in the interim. Still, the need for ‘best practice’ guidelines remains a paramount concern. Understanding from where the region’s sport hunting industries have come is a necessary step in arriving at well-reasoned and credible solutions for future application. It is hoped that reissuing this study at this time will not only stimulate timely discussion, but also progress an agenda to develop and agree a regional ‘best practice’ standard as a positive contribution to sport hunting in the SADC region. Tom Milliken Director, TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa 15 September 2006 Sport Hunting in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Region: An overview i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Preparation of this report involved the assistance and contributions of many people. Thanks to the USA Agency for International Development, Regional Centre for Southern Africa who provided the funding for this project through the Regional Networking and Capacity Building Initiative for Southern Africa (NETCAB). To the many people who contributed to the report though the provision of articles, information, statistics and comment, thank you. Thanks are due especially to Michael Mumavindu who compiled and analysed Namibian hunt returns. Thanks also go to those people who participated in the workshop “Sport Hunting
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