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ToTo Umeda Umeda MeishinMeishin Expressway Expressway SetaSeta River River PPoowweringering tthhee FFututuurree ToTo Get Get to to the the Biwako-Kusatsu Biwako-Kusatsu Campus Campus of of Ritsumeikan Ritsumeikan University University FromFrom Osaka Osaka or or Kyoto Kyoto RRiitstsuummeeikanikan UUnniivversersiityty TakeTake the the JR JR to to Minami Minami Kusatsu Kusatsu Station Station ( 50( 50 minutes minutes from from Osaka, Osaka, 20 20 minutes minutes from from Kyoto). Kyoto). CollegeCollege of of Science Science and and Engineering Engineering ChangeChange from from the the "Shinkaisoku" "Shinkaisoku" Express Express train train to to a alocal local train train at at Ishiyama Ishiyama station station ( 3( 3stops stops afterafter Kyoto Kyoto station). station). Exit Exit the the station station on on the the south south side side ( turning( turning right right after after passing passing through through thethe ticket ticket gates). gates). Take Take an an Omi Omi Railways Railways Bus Bus designated designated as as either either "Ritsumeikan "Ritsumeikan Daigaku Daigaku yuki（立命館大学行き）"yuki（立命館大学行き）" or or "Ritsumeikan "Ritsumeikan Daigaku Daigaku keiyu keiyu Tobishima Tobishima Gurin Gurin Hiru Hiru yuki yuki (立命館大 (立命館大 学経由飛島グリーンヒル行き)"学経由飛島グリーンヒル行き)" and and get get off off at at "Ritsumeikan "Ritsumeikan Daigaku（立命館大学）"( Daigaku（立命館大学）"( 8 8minutes). minutes).

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GraduateGraduate School School of of Science Science and and Engineering, Engineering, Ritsumeikan Ritsumeikan University University

Biwako-KusatsuBiwako-Kusatsu Campus Campus 1-1-1 1-1-1 Noji Noji Higashi,Kusatsu,Shiga Higashi,Kusatsu,Shiga 525-8577 525-8577, JAPAN, JAPAN Tel:Tel: +81-77-561-2624 +81-77-561-2624 Fax:Fax: +81-77-561-2890 +81-77-561-2890 HP:HP: http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/gsse/eng/ http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/gsse/eng/ Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Powering the Future Department of Mathematical Sciences Department of Mathematical Sciences Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas INDEX Stochastic process and its application, Structure analysis of von Neumann College of Science and Engineering financial mathematics and its application algebras

Department of Mathematical Sciences・・・・・・2 Professor / Jiro AKAHORI Associate Professor / Hisashi AOI

Department of Physical Sciences・・・・・・6 My interest lies in probability theory, financial mathematics and As we live in a three-dimensional world the idea of “four- the various fields that are related to them. This involves various dimensions” can be quite challenging but it is considered quite Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering・・・・・・10 subjects that include abstract mathematics as well as its appli- routine in mathematics, with well developed arguments for it in cations; stochastic differential equation on topological groups, place. However, contrarily enough five-dimension or six- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering ・・・・・・16 quadratic Wiener functionals and infinite dimensional Lie alge- dimension worlds appear to have been taken for granted. bras, the pricing of financial derivatives, sustainable economic My interest is in the “infinite dimensional” world that could be Department of Mechanical Engineering・・・・・・19 growth problems, and so on. These research projects also in- considered to exist at the beyond of “finite-dimensional” worlds volve a number of postgraduate students. International ex- where phenomena considered impossible in a finite-dimensional Department of Robotics・・・・・・24 changes take active place with guests frequently visiting my world could occur. The subject of “operator algebras” can be laboratory from all over the world, from whom we can all learn a considered something that “acts” on this marvelous world. The Department of Civil Engineering・・・・・・27 lot. The number of foreign students at our laboratory is also in- study of this is classified as “analysis”; however, it is also closely creasing while some of our students occasionally get sent to related to algebra and geometry. In the real world quantum Department of Environmental Systems Engineering・・・・・・30 foreign universities. We also frequently have the opportunity to mechanics and knot theory etc are also related to it. travel overseas to attend academic society meetings. Gradu- This field is comparatively new in mathematics and has a lot of Department of Architecture and Urban Design・・・・・・33 ates from our laboratory unknown problems, thus making it a challenging research often enter professions subject. in the banking industry.

■Commemorative laboratory photo

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Semi-classical Analysis of Schrödinger Application of gauge theory to V-manifolds Equations and its three-dimensional manifold in the same boundary

Professor / Setsuro FUJIIE Professor / Yoshihiro FUKUMOTO Semi-classical analysis is an asymptotic analysis where the Homologically the same boundary groups configured with Planck constant appearing in the Schrödinger equation is re- whole three-dimensional homological spheres are an important garded as a small parameter. Under certain conditions, quan- subject of research related to the unsolved expectation of trian- tum mechanics is expected to approach classical mechanics in gles being divisible by high-dimensional manifolds, however, the semi-classical limit (Bohr’s correspondence principle). The very little is known about the structure except the fact that it is asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues or resonances created by a finitely generated Abelian group. My research involves homo- a bound or semi-bound state, respectively, is closely related to logically the same boundary invariants in seeking structures that the existence and the geometry of “trapped” trajectories of the particularly include the integer lifting of classic Rochlin invariants corresponding classical dynamics. by applying gauge theory to V-manifolds. Gauge theory can be This problem is an extension of the famous question “Can one used to extract topology information from nonlinear partial dif- hear the shape of the drum?” (M. Kac), which examines the re- ferential equations describing the field (particle) on the manifold. lationship between the geometry of a bounded domain and the I focus on the contribution made by the singular point of a V- asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues of its Dirichlet Laplacian. manifold and configure the integer lift of an Ochanine invariant The useful WKB method consists of constructing an asymptotic based on elliptic genus and unbound algebra related to the power series solution globally with respect to the Planck con- same boundary of the stant. This power series diverges and the asymptotic form three-dimensional mani- changes discontinuously when passing through turning points fold and the functor in a or caustics. This so-called Stokes phenomenon is a key to certain type of zone solve the above problem. with a commutative ring in order to consider the relationship between basic group, homologi- cal algebra and gauge theory more. ■Application of gauge theory to topology

Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 2 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Mathematical Sciences Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Number theory, network algorithms, and Amusing number theory Operator Algebras and Operator Theory Algebra centering on commutativering cryptosystems theory/algebraic geometry

Professor / Hidenori ISHII Professor / Takaaki KAGAWA Professor / Hiroyuki OSAKA Professor / Yukihide TAKAYAMA Research within the number theory field undertaken at our I specialize in number theory, and recently in particular Functional analysis of the abstraction of mathematical models Dr Takayama’s main research interest is algebraic geometry in laboratory involves the overall aim of researching automorphic L classifying elliptic curves found in real quadratic fields. The cue for use in revealing their essence is the main subject of this positive characteristic, which covers many interesting phenom- functions. Automorphic L functions are part of the Riemann to why I began to be interested in number theory was a book laboratory; however, recently, various graduate level research ena that are quite different from the phenomena covered by al- zeta function family and are considered to be one of the most entitled “Fermat’s last theorem” that was written by my that includes mathematical physics, braid theory, topology, gebraic geometry in characteristic zero such as complex alge- important of currently known L functions. Knowledge exists on instructor Norio Adachi while I was at university (Waseda), and partial differential equations and probability theory is also taking braic geometry and complex differential geometry. For example, various zeta functions and L functions throughout the world; why I began to be interested in elliptic curves is that elliptic place. We are also working on graduate level research linked to Kodaira vanishing theorem and Bertini’s theorem of hypersur- however, it is no exaggeration to say that discovering a new L curve theory was used to solve Fermat’s last theorem. One of educational material for use in for junior high and high school face intersection play important roles in complex algebraic ge- education. function or the relationship between L functions is the ultimate the great charms of number theory is its concreteness. ometry. However, these theorems do not generally hold in posi- Operator algebras theory, which is known as “infinite- goal of number theory. Number theory plays an important role Quadratic fields and elliptic curves are concrete and can be tive characteristic. In addition, we do not yet know how dimensional linear algebra”, is the research subject. Banach in cryptographic and authentication technology, both essential easily put into practice; however, they still involve lot of unsolved Hironaka’s theorem of resolution of singularities, which is also a space theory was developed using the concept, and thought tools in our modern day advanced information network society. problems. My aim is to quickly solve those problems, and was given to functional spaces that can be configured with a fundamental result in complex algebraic geometry, holds in We are also involved in basic mathematical research on high- hence I hope students can be helpful. vector space of functions rather than a function representing positive characteristic. This means that geometry in positive speed algorithms that related to networks. individual phenomenon, However, we are working on the characteristic is much more complex or in a way richer than classification problem of C*- algebras generated by inserting an complex algebraic geometry and presents many interesting re- algebraic structure within them. search problems. Dr. Takayama’s approach to this field involves Recently we have also been working on a problem connected the use of commutative ring theory and methods generally em- to a monotonically increasing function that is applicable in ployed in algebraic geom- economic theory and achieving a new result for Jensen’s etry in characteristic zero. inequality, which is a generalization of the arithmetic and geometric means that are presumably so familiar to high school students.

■Text used in seminars. Research ■Both the arithmetic and geometric means van be derived using the on higher dimensional geometry above expression. Have a go at calculating them!! that fully utilizes advanced algebra.

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Stochastic Analysis, Monte Carlo Methods, Homogeneous Kaehler manifolds Mathematical Foundation of Complex Quasi-classical analysis of differential Stochastic Differential Equations Systems Research equations/spectrums Alternative Mathematics

Professor / Arturo KOHATSU-HIGA Professor / Kazufumi NAKAJIMA Professor / Toru TSUJISHITA Associate Professor / Takuya WATANABE My research interests are centered on various applied and theoretical aspects of simula- Symmetric spaces form an important geometric subject in The extraordinary development and success of mathematics in the The subject of our research is mathematical structure with a tion for stochastic systems which evolve with time. research as they have good characteristic. They are spaces 20th century owe substantially to the incorporation of “the paradox background of quantum mechanics revealed through use of In particular, stochastic equations of different types. These equations may have various that have point symmetry, with Euclidean space, projective of infinity”, namely, to the daring decision to introduce actual infinity classical dynamics written with differential equations and the applications in finance, engineering and physics. One of the challenges consists in study- into mathematics despite of the long philosophical common sense space, hyperbolic space etc being representative of them. spectrum (characteristic value) of its differential operator. Differ- ing their theoretical properties and obtaining eficient simulation methods. since Aristotle that actually infinity is simply a stupid nonsense. Therefore students working with me may do theoretical studies related with these prob- Hoomogeneous Kaehler manifold are more generalized spaces Thus, in modern mathematics, the natural number sequence ential equations used to describe typical phenomenon have lems or either simulation studies which have a strong mathematically oriented theoretical than Hermitian symmetric spaces, whose structure as complex 1,2,3,... makes up a uniquely defined actual infinity, the set of natu- mathematically pleasing structures, and the analysis is in a field basis. We sometimes also try to test newly proposed simulation methods and find some manifolds had been clarified upon in the 1980’s. Lie group ral numbers. In other words the concept of finiteness is unique and where the various analytical approaches (linear algebra, com- sharply discriminated from that of infiniteness. theoretical basis to explain their behavior. The goal is to obtain fast and accurate methods theory and Lie algebra theory are the main tools used when plex analysis, functional analysis, Fourier analysis) you learnt at that can be used in various practical problems and therefore there is a strive to achieve Unfortunately, this decision made modern mathematics extremely researching homogeneous Kaehler manifolds. The duality university can flourish. Analytical theory of differential equations some generality over particularity. difficult to evolve the intuition of qualitative diversity in the finite Usually, students working on simulations will be proficient in C programming or other simi- between the compact type and the non-compact type in world. We anticipate the 21st century mathematics will create rich is taught according to each student’s interest at the graduate concepts for understanding qualitative diversity in the finite world, lar languages such as scilab or octave. On the theoretical side, we request basic knowl- symmetric spaces can be partially found in homogeneous level in particular. making reliable and effective mathematical base for theoretical re- edge and interest in either probability theory, stochastic process or Monte Carlo methods. Kaehler manifolds on which semi-simple Lie groups act searches in life science. I am analyzing differential equations that have small parameters Our students, usually interact with the group of mathematical finance where they can also transitively. Determining all homogeneous Kaehler structures of In the laboratory, undergraduate students are advised to do various (singular perturbations). This field of research field is known as experience the direct feeling of applications to real problems. Therefore our group is very one complex manifold is also an interesting problem. experiments in mathematics by employing powerful mathematical quasi-classical analysis because it links quantum mechanics to active, we encourage discussions between students, visitors and professors. We have softwares such as z compiled in the Knoppix/Math in order to de- classical dynamics. The keyword to it is Stokes’ phenomenon. frequent seminars, many times given by visitors from various countries and backgrounds velop familiarity with concrete objects in huge finite world, which will It can be seen for the first time in the world of complex num- therefore achieving a high scientific interaction which promotes learning and the spread of be helpful in their carrier

2 information. academic or not, while bers, making it a very interest- Euler Two natural number sequence OA4WT1 We also encourage communication in foreign OA4WT2 graduate tudents are en- ing problem mathematically. 0 OA4WT3 2StDev_Euler languages due to the multi-culturality of our couraged to participate in 2StDev_OA4 − 2 group. the development of alter- native mathematics incor- − 4 log(error) ■This graph shows the performance of various porating huge numbers − 6 approximations schemes. The so-called Euler into mathematics. scheme is the traditional method. The other ■Something called a supernumerary bow − 8 methods are the ones proposed by our team. ■Alternative Mathematics which can sometimes be seen inside rainbows. This is explained by the Stokes’ phenom- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The higher the slope the more accurate the Number sequence prolonged sees qualitative difference between log(time) method is. by the exponential symbol F and N. enon of an Airy’s differential equation.

3 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 4 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Physical Sciences Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Probability theory and numerical analysis Structure formation and dynamics of soft Chaos matter Department of Physical Sciences Associate Professor / Kenji YASUTOMI Professor / Koji FUKAO Professor / Kensuke IKEDA The study of modern probability theory. Soft matter involves systems with original structures and dy- My field of research is theoretical physics, and the phenomenon If the “result” that can be obtained is limited (two sides of a coin namics of the medium scale between macro scale and micro known as chaos in particular. Physical laws are said to be toss or the throw of a dice etc) the probability of each “result” scale that have hierarchical structures in the rich time space of simple, however, why then is phenomenon that occurs around primarily considered, however, the obtainable “result” will be micro to macro. For example, macromolecules, colloids, liquid us so complicated? And even if the law is superficially simple non-countable and unlimited, in that the probability of each “re- crystal, emulsions, and powders etc are all soft matter. Re- the motion that follows the law is not always that simple. Chaos sult” in the limited case results in a contrariety, even if a value search on each of the type matters has been conducted for is the mechanism that complicates motion and predictions. could be set for the probability. some time now, however, in recent years attempts are being Physical systems in this world are considered to contain chaotic Modern probability theory resolves this dilemma by abstracting made to collectively describe them as soft matter in under- motion of a scale ranging from at the atomic/ molecular level the concept and measuring the size, thus enabling probability standing their physical phenomenon. We are promoting re- and of nuclei or ultra-small scale through to Solar Systems or that is non-countable and has unlimited “results” to be consid- search with an interest in glass transformations, structural for- huge scale, and universes at an even larger scale. Thermal ered. However, that abstraction does result in a new dilemma: mations resulting from crystallization, glass dynamics, dewetting motion is complexly chaotic and implemented by a large the existence of an assembly for which the size cannot be mea- phenomenon, and the dynamics of ionic liquids etc of the mac- number of atomic molecules clashing against each other. The sured. romolecules involved in the phenomenon. reason why making meteorological forecasts is so difficult is As revealed above probability theory is an interesting research that air flow is chaotic. We are even yet to have completely subject. It is also an interesting math- describing complex natural phenomenon known to include ematical field that has the aspect of chaotic behavior in words. Creating them is one of my (our) being actually applicable in various themes. parts in society by being linked to statistical methods.

■Mathematics can be pondered anywhere there is ■Impedance analyzer used in a dielectric relaxation spectroscopy method that a blackboard and chalk or paper and pencil. enables dynamics measurements in wide time areas.

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Electron spectroscopy and elucidation of Earthquake source physics and seismic materials physics related to electron spin wave propagation

Professor / Shin IMADA, Assistant Professor / Kensei TERASHIMA Professor / Hironori KAWAKATA, Lecturer / Masato TAMAI, Assistant Professor / Issei DOI Characteristics of a material are mostly decided by the charac- Earthquakes are awful phenomena that may cause terrible teristics of electrons in that material. For example, glass is damage to our infrastructures. On the other hand, however, transparent because electrons in glass do not absorb light. plain fields and basins have been formed owing to faulting as- Electrons revolve around the nucleus as they rotate themselves. sociated with earthquakes. Also, active faults provide us ground This rotation is called “spin”. The reason why iron becomes a water. Beautiful nature in Japan has been partly made by activi- magnet is that electrons in iron tend to have spin with a certain ties of the earth such as earthquakes. Since we are living in Ja- direction. Electron spin causes many other interesting phenom- pan, where a lot of large earthquakes occur, we must survive ena. For example, a metal becomes an insulator when its tem- earthquakes in exchange for great natural benefits. Then, it is perature is changed. The goal of our research is to elucidate the essential to understand earthquakes and active faults. mechanisms of such phenomena related to electron spin. When, where, how large and how do earthquakes occur? Are In order to unveil the electronic states in materials, we perform the earthquake sizes determined in advance? How do rocks in experiments both at the campus and facilities such as SPring-8. the earth behave when seismic waves pass through? In our Main experiment is “photoemission,” which measures the ener- laboratory, we are approaching to such fundamental problems gy of electrons emitted from a material under application of ul- on earthquake physics and seismic wave propagation by traviolet light or x-ray. means of laboratory experiments, field observations and seis- mic waveform analyses.

■High-resolution photoemission appa- ratus, which precisely measures elec- ■Granite sample on the way to fault formation. White trons escaping from a sample. part is a fault trace that will be a final rupture plane.

5 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 6 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas High-precision laser spectroscopy on the Particle acceleration in the Universe, Origin Hypocenter-proximate monitoring to Numerical Studies for Understanding elementary excitations in dielectrics/ of cosmic rays mitigate seismic risk Chaotic Motion of Atoms in a Nanoparticle ferroelectrics Department of Physical Sciences Associate Professor / Akitoshi KOREEDA Professor / Masaki MORI Professor / Hiroshi OGASAWARA Associate Professor / Yasushi SHIMIZU In dielectrics, most of the energy is transferred by the motion of We are exploring the high-energy Universe, which cannot be I’ve been coordinating a 5-year project “observational studies in Every physical system is constantly changing its state both at a the atoms, or by the “phonons”, the quanta of the sound wave seen in optical light with gamma-rays. Gamma-rays are emitted South African mines to mitigate seismic risk” in a JST-JICA pro- microscopic and a macroscopic level. in matters. The phonons play important roles in ferroelectricity from high-energy objects in the Universe, such as supernova gram for or Science And Technology REsearch Partnership for In the time evolution of the system, one can find wide varieties and in the thermal dynamics in dielectrics. In particular, some remnants, pulsars and pulsar nebulae, and active galactic Sustainable Development (SATREPS). Having been appointed of dynamics. In particular, nonlinear dynamics often bring a ferroelectric crystals allow the heat to become a “wave”, rather nuclei. Electrons and protons are accelerated to high energies as a dedicated research professor, I have been spending lots of highly complicated behavior to the system. than to allow it only to diffuse as we experience usually. We use in these objects and produce gamma-rays via interaction with time in South Africa to monitor earthquakes (2>M) at the clos- The main interest of our research group is to understand the ultrafast laser sources to excite a “coherent wave of heat” in surrounding radiation and matter. Gamma-rays are the best est proximity at depths from 1km to 3.4km from the surface. complicated motion of atoms and molecules from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamics with the help of numerical simulation. I certain ferroelectric crystals. We also use an ultra-high (kHz) probe of particle acceleration in the Universe since they travel These can be attempted only at South African gold mines in the have been investigating the dynamics of nano particles whose resolution stimulated Brillouin spectrometer to unveil the pho- straight and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In addition, world. We have worked with about 20 researchers from 5 uni- motion is dominated by a large fluctuation. non linewidth in crystals and glass-forming materials at cryo- the annihilation of dark matter particles could be detected by versities and two research organizations in Japan, and more For instance, small Au particles are known to change their genic temperatures. The high-resolution spontaneous Brillouin gamma-rays. than 100 people in South Africa (researchers, mining houses shape continuously even below melting point. light scattering method is used, for example, to investigate the and geotechnical consultant companies). Unprecedented ar- Such an isomerization process is a typical case where the non- “fractal dynamics” in ferroelectric single crystals. rays with a large number of sensors have been deployed, being linearlity in dynamics plays a primary role for the transition. ready to closely monitoring generation of target earthquake ac- One of our goals is to give a firm theoretical basis to the under- tivities. We couldn’t foresee the 2011 M9.0 earthquake (Tohoku standing of chaotic mo- earthquake). We try our best to demonstrate how seismology tion, which can be exper- can contribute to mitigate imentally observed for seismic risk in South Afri- various nano-sized sys- ca. tems.

■Gamma-ray intensity map ■A visualization of a molecular dy- around the Perseus clus- namics simulation is often helpful ter of galaxies observed ■A shaft tower of the Mponeng for extracting characteristics in ■The optical system that excites the coherent wave of heat, and an optical cryostat by the Fermi Gamma-ray mine of largest gold production in complicated behaviors in atoms for 0.3K spectroscopy. Space Telescope South Africa. and molecules

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Phase transitions and interface Sciences on surfaces and developed by Superstring theory and unification theory Biological and Nonequilibrium Physics phenomenon in the mesoscopic region applying synchrotron radiation of elementary particles

Professor / Toshitaka NAKADA, Chihiro KAITO, Lecturer / Takeshi HIRAI Professor / Hidetoshi NANBA Professor / Yuji SUGAWARA, Assistant Professor / Kazuhiro SAKAI Associate Professor / Hirofumi WADA Science in recent years has been clarifying a lot of enigmas, An ultra strong light source of synchrotron radiation (SR) with Nobel Prizes being won by Dr. Nambu, Dr. Kobayashi, and Dr. Our group focues on understanding mechanisms underlying from the micro world that includes subnuclear particles to the wavelengths of 1 micrometer to 1 nanometer is available at SR- Masukawa in 2008 is probably still fresh in your minds. Elemen- different forms and motions found in the natural world (including macro world that includes cosmic space. However, in the medi- Center in this campus. We developed various experimental fa- tary particle theory could be a field of science aiming at a uni- our daily life), with much emphasis on microbiology, plants, and um that links micro to macro, or nanometer world (a few to sev- cilities which open new research field of science by using SR. fied description of elementary particles, which are the source of other biological systems. Our research is mainly theoretical, and eral hundred arranged atoms or molecules) there is a lot of in- For example, experimental apparatuses of a high resolution all matter and interactions, also searching for an answer to a different physical approaches such as nonequilibrium physics, teresting phenomenon whose mechanisms have yet to have photoelectron spectroscopy and two dimensional photoelec- basic question: ‘how did our universe begin?’. Establishing the continuum mechanics of fluids and solids, softmatter physics, been clarified. At our laboratory we focus on how atoms and tron spectroscopy (PES) for studies of electronic states of ma- unification theory for elementary particles is the long-held dream and pattern fomation dynamics, are all employed to understand terials and surfaces, of X-ray absorption fine structure for local molecules gather together, break up or react in various materi- of theoretical physicists, however, the journey until completion biological systems and other macroscopic natural phenomena. structure analysis of non-crystalline materials and of a soft x-ray als, regardless of being organic and inorganic, or more con- remains long. It is currently being said that superstring theory Our research style finds a particular importance on a close link microscope (SXMS) for observation of biological samples in cretely the phase transformation process and interface phe- would be the most hopeful candidate of unification theory in- with experimental results, so we often work together with physi- sub-micron-meter scale have been developed and opened to nomenon. For example, we target metallic quantum dots researchers from outside as well as in-house users(students cluding the quantum gravity, which is still incomplete. Thus, su- cal and biological experimetalists in other groups. created on semiconductors, ultra-thin films created using a sin- and staff). Research themes of our laboratory are (i) creating perstring theory has been actively researched as a cutting-edge gle organic molecule layer, and the crystals of proteins etc. We one-dimensional atomic-chain-like materials on stepped crystal area in theoretical physics all around the world. At this laborato- research changes in surfaces and then measuring its unprecedented physical char- ry, we are researching elementary particle physics, mainly fo- atomic/ molecular align- acteristics by PES and cusing on superstring theory, as well as deeply related topics in ment using the latest mi- scanning tunneling mi- cosmology and the croscopes and analyzers croscope (ii) internal physics of black holes. by creating the materials mechanism of endocyto- ourselves. sis of cells and the biolo- gy of pico-plankton in Lake Biwa for environ- mental analysis by SXMS, and others. ■Microscopic photograph of protein ■A unique structure in a twisted string or rubber band, called “plectoneme”, crystal. Molecules have a regular ■Synchrotron radiation source (center) and encompasses the mechanics ranging from a telephone cable to morphologies of arrangement. experimental facilities ■Laboratory seminar scene microorganisms to supercoiled DNAs in living cells.

7 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 8 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Quantum field theory from micro to macro Cutting-edge semiconductor electronics Electronic materials and devices and their for the 21st century applications for image input/output systems

Professor / Hiroyuki YABU Associate Professor / Tsutomu ARAKI Professor / Ichiro FUJIEDA Anywhere a physical quantity corresponds to a point of space The appearance of a new semiconductor known as gallium ni- A beautiful image takes one’s breath away. Making the invisible such as an electric field or magnetic field is referred to as a field, tride resulted in blue light emitting diodes, white light emitting visible opens a wide range of applications. As everyone knows and the motion described using quantum field theory. The theo- diodes and the Blu-ray Disc, completely changing our lives. If “a picture is worth a thousand words”, there is no need to

ry is a basic way of understanding nature, from the micro world we can now extract the full potential of this semiconductor we reiterate the importance of electronic systems that handle Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering that includes nuclei, subnuclear particles and atomic molecules will be able to create new optical/electronic devices that will images. Displays and image sensors are essential parts for through to the macro world that includes the mechanism of the solve important problems in the 21st century, which encompass human interfaces, contributing to the evolution of our social life universe. Field theory is a basic method used in thinking about energy, the environment, health and medical care etc. For ex- of information. These devices are based on electronic and the symmetry of the natural world, and can reveal the beauty ample we can expect long-life light sources with less power optical principles, which also will provide firm foundation for the behind it. consumption, solar cells of extremely high conversion efficiency, next-generation optical communication, solar energy harvesting, It can also suddenly appear in the macro world through phe- highly-efficient inverters that will support battery car technology, and so on. This laboratory focuses on electronic and photonic nomenon such as superfluidity and superconductivity. At this small and strong light sources for sterilization etc. Our laborato- materials, devices and systems. Students have opportunities to laboratory the problem of symmetry in the world of subnuclear ry is promoting global cutting-edge research from the fabrica- acquire hands-on experience in a wide range of research particles and nuclei and a new quantum state of matter such as tion of semiconductor materials through to evaluating their topics. Our recent interests include organic transistors, laser the Bose condensation state of atomic gases are theoretically properties of and creating devices while obtaining support from displays, and concentrator photovoltaic. The last topic, worked on using field theory and with basic research on appli- the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Tech- although not much related to images, can be advanced by the cation in new technology such as nology and the Ministry same optical and electronic approaches. gamma lasers. of Economy, Trade and For the latest news on our research activities, please visit us at: Industry in order to realize http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/se/re/fujiedalab/index.html semiconductor electron- ■The vortex lattice (theoretical calculation) ics that suit the 21st cen- created by a number of quantum vortexes in a Bose-Fermi mixed condensate. The left tury. one is the vortex of the Bose particle condensate and right one the Fermi particle ■Molecular beam epitaxy equip- trapped by the core of the vortex. In the ment for fabricating semiconduc- below figure a huge vortex (Giant Vortex) tor materials being controlled at has formed in the center. the atomic level. ■Directional phase change in an organic thin film induced by lateral heat transfer.

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Machine intelligence for a safe and secure Organic solar cell and molecular modeling society

Associate Professor / Yohei FUKUMIZU Professor / Kenji HARAFUJI Information processing systems with advanced intelligence Thin organic film solar cells that can utilize solar light, an ex- technologies such as machine learning, as well as signal pro- tremely valuable energy source for the Earth, are expected to cessing systems based on multimedia technologies, will con- be a low-cost original source of electrical energy which takes tribute to a safe and secure society. In this laboratory, we con- the environment into consideration are alternative to silicon so- duct research on informatics technology that largely utilizes the lar cells. In recent years developments in thin organic film solar power of software while still being based on hardware process- cells have been amazing, however, issues remain with the low ing. Our research projects include a video processing system efficiency of the conversion of light to electricity. We are at- for a street- or storefront-mounted surveillance camera that tempting to solve this problem through various approaches that provides a cognitive ability comparable to a human, making it encompass electrical and electronic engineering, physics, possible to identify suspicious behavior; a non-invasive medical chemistry, biology, and mathematics, which are all based on diagnosis system to process the inner body sound signals ac- experiments carried out by young original talents. Understand- quired with high-sensitivity microphones to detect signs of life- ing the properties of organic molecular materials is very impor- style diseases such as arteriosclerosis and heart disease in ev- tant in being able to improve the performance of thin organic eryday life; and an image quality improvement system that uses film solar cells, and hence molecular simulations are being car- computers to sharpen camera images degraded by darkness, ried out using computing machinery. Our mission is to consider backlight, mist, dust, and so on. organic molecular materials using the behavior of the electrons in it or to research its thermal and mechanical properties at the atomic or molecular level.

■Thin organic film solar cells are created by evaporating organic molecular materials through being heated in the ■An experimental result of the in- vacuum deposition equipment shown in telligent camera finding the the photo and then laminating it onto suspicious individual. clear electrode substrates.

9 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 10 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Theoretical study on the behavior of single- Applications of power electronics in power Microwave/millimeter wave engineering, electromagnetic Satellite positioning and applicable electron devices systems wave applications, electromagnetic environment technologies engineering

Professor / Shigeru IMAI Associate Professor / Hiroaki KAKIGANO Professor / Toshihide KITAZAWA Associate Professor / Yukihiro KUBO Integrated circuits (IC) that perform advanced information pro- Electrical energy is essential for our society, and it is expected This laboratory involves research on microwave/millimeter wave The positioning/navigation systems that use artificial satellites is cessing in PCs are composed of a large number of transistors the electrification in various areas (e.g. electric vehicles and integrated circuits and antenna that will be used in next-genera- known as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), with the that are a few dozen nanometers in size and control the transfer electronic books) is extended in the future. Power electronics tion wireless communication. We are involved in the design, test GPS mounted in car navigation systems or cell phones being a production and evaluation of microwave/millimeter wave circuits of electrical charge-bearing information. Single-electron transis- plays an important role to use the electrical energy effectively representative example. Various applications and ways of pro- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering with new functionality and a broadband conformal antenna for tors and other single-electron devices are ultimate devices that because it is deeply related to the generation, storage, supply cessing electrical satellite waves are being considered with re- use in next-generation wireless communication based on elec- can control the motion of individual electrons with the smallest and use. Our laboratory researches the power electronics appli- tromagnetic field simulations and theoretical analysis. We are gard to the launch and operation of the quasi-zenith satellite charge by means of their property of repelling each other. Sin- cations for stability, high quality and high efficiency of power also involved in highly accurately evaluating the electrical and system (satellites that reinforce GPS) in Japan and Galileo (Eu- gle-electron devices can treat each electron as an information supply systems. The examples of the concrete subjects are as magnetic characteristics of a new microwave material that has ropean GPS) in Europe etc. This laboratory is concerned with carrier and dramatically improve the degree of integration while follows: 1. Study on dc distribution (or supply) system, 2. Study various positive characteristics such as high-dielectrically con- research on a method of improving the accuracy of satellite po- reducing the power consumption of ICs. We are carrying out on power converters to make good use of next-generation stants and magnetic properties. We aim at the acquisition of sitioning systems, acceleration, and the positioning algorithm theoretical research on the behavior of multi-dot single-electron power devices, 3. Study on power hardware-in-the-loop simu- raw power without bias through amassing theoretical, experi- used in the compound positioning system that combines gyro devices, each of which has a single-common-gate that can be lation for power supply systems. Through the researches, you mental and simulated experience. The laboratory promotes re- sensors etc. We are also considering upgrading of the informa- easily fabricated. can learn engineering tech- search with the cooperation of established foreign universities, tion communication system for mobile objects and application with student interchanges being quite active, and hence you nique such as circuit design in ITS (Intelligent can also acquire a richly cosmopolitan way of thinking. and controller programing, In addition, in recent years, we have been developing electro- Transport System) in and it promotes your deep magnetic wave absorption material as a control material to our research. understanding of power elec- counter electromagnetic environment problems, which have tronics and power system been attracting social attention, in cooperation with companies. engineering. We are also carrying out research on the application of microwaves in medical care in cooperation with neighboring medical universities. ■The structure of a triple-dot single- electron device with a single- common-gate (top) and its stability ■Characteristic evaluation of electromagnetic diagram that represents the state of ■Power converter using next-generation wave absorption material using arched return- ■Experimental mobile GPS positioning using a rail line scene electrons within the device (bottom). power devices (SiC MOSFETs) ing wave measurement device (at the Hikone station of the Ohmi Railway)

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Optic device for environmental Intelligent power electronics High efficiency solar cell and PV system Ultrahigh-speed optical waveform/optical measurements and network technology frequency control

Professor / Kenichi KASAHARA Associate Professor / Yoshitaka KAWABATA Associate Professor / Takashi MINEMOTO Professor / Akihiro MORIMOTO Both the environment and energy are global-scale problems, Power electronics are essential in critical quality-of-life technol- Energy crisis and environmental pollution is now serious global Light is an electromagnetic wave, the same as a radio and hence fuel cells using hydrogen, biomass, and the devel- ogy used in air conditioners, laundry machines, fluorescent concern in 21st civilization life. Photovoltaics have gathered wave, however, the frequency is higher than that of a radio opment of technology to prevent global warming are being pro- lamps etc in addition to various industries, electrical power it- much attention as clean energy. Solar cell is semiconductor de- waveby three digits or more, and hence ultrafast measurements moted. These solutions all involve various types of gas, and ac- self, new energy sources such as solar cells and fuel cells, and vice which convert sunlight directly to electricity. In our labora- canbe made by creating a signal faster than that of a micro- tive type image monitoring technology that uses the light which battery powered cars and trains. Power electronics concerns tory, we are working on thin-film compound solar cells which wave. In the time domain, light signals at the time interval of a enables high-sensitivity of those gases without making any con- technology used to convert and control electric energy and en- have great potential on low-cost fabrication and high energy pico-second (1/1trillionth of a second)/femto-second (1/1000 tact will therefore be important from the point of view of securi- trillionth of a second) are expected, and we are researching th- ty. This laboratory has been researching mid-infrared optical sure efficient use of it, thus contributing to solving energy and conversion efficiency. Our research covers broad spectrum of econtrol of the light waveform. Also the expectation of a light devices in order to realize that. Mid-infrared is the wavelength environmental problems, and hence you will be assured of hav- solar cell development, such as theoretical device design (mod- signal at an interval of an atto-second (1/100 quadrillionth of a band that is longer than 1.5 microns which is used in optical ing a worthwhile career after entering the workforce. In more eling), thin film deposition, crystal growth, and device fabrica- communications but there has yet to have been an effective detail we are involved in the following activities. (1) Studying the tion. Our main task is “proof-of-concept” for new material and second) is increasing in recent years. These ultrahigh-speed light source, however, in recent years a semiconductor light basis of electronic circuits through fabrication tests of the I/O new device structure; especially we are working on chalco- signals have expanded the spectrum by a few terahertz or source known as a quantum cascade laser has appeared. We peripheral circuits of microcomputers and electronic circuits genide material and earth abundant semiconductors. Also, our more, and their application in the fields of communication and are promoting research revealing the technical advantages of such as drive circuits. (2) Studying the basis of real-time control activity includes flexible and light weight solar cells by new fab- measurement are therefore being studied. This laboratory aims at developing a new light source through shaping optical wave- this at our laboratory. Any environmental information obtained while creating control software in the C-language in order to rication approach. To realize further popularization of PV, we are usually needs to be sent to the necessary point as quickly as forms and optical frequencies, the generation of a broadband control inverters and electric motors using DSP and RISC mi- working on field test of PV modules and also promoting collab- possible, and therefore we are also promoting research on optical frequency comb through research that is based on opti- crocomputers. (3) Studying the basis of control while establish- orations with companies and government. semiconductor lasers, cal modulation and laser oscillation control to manipulate light ing a system using the famous software of MATLAB and SIMU- highly sensitive light de- signals using electric sig- LINK. tectors, technology for nals. directly amplifying light in fiber, and optical circuits.

■The study of technology that can be utilized in society through research while ■The spectrum width of a quantum carrying out experiments by operating ■Scene of experiment using an cascade laser is measured to the model of a few kW such as with optical fiber laser A light spectrum enable highly sensitive gas inverters and electric motors using expanded to terahertz level by la- sensing. microcomputer control. ■Flexible Cu (In,Ga) Se2 solar cell. ■Photovoltaic modules installed at Techno-complex. ser control and optical modulation.

11 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 12 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Application of interactions of light and Optical fiber communications technology Growth of semiconductor and Development of measurement systems by electrons to engineering and its application development of solar photovoltaic autonomous sensor node network technology using it

Professor / Takahiro NUMAI Professor / Shigeru SAITO Professor / Hideyuki TAKAKURA Professor / Shigeru TAKAYAMA Photonics/Quantum-Electronics is a research field that deals Optical fiber communication is one of the fields where optical We humans obtain the energy we need from food such as rice, Wireless sensing network systems is the key technology in ad- with interactions of electromagnetic waves and materials. The technology has brought about great success. To further im- vegetables, and meat. Rice and vegetables however absorb vanced measurements in a wide range of fields, for measure- aim of our research is to create new devices and systems by prove fiber communication technology and expand its applica- solar light and accumulate energy while animals such as cows ment of multiple parameters, and under dangerous or destruc-

controlling the interactions of light and electrons. Our major re- tions, we are promoting investigations in three areas: (1) optical grow by eating herbage. Or basically humans also ultimately get tive conditions. The system is designed as a remote, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering search themes are nano-scale process technology, semicon- fiber communications, (2) infrared wireless communication and their energy from the sun. In order to for humans to move collaborative, cooperative system consisting of multiple sensors ductor lasers, imaging devices, and optical fiber communication networks, (3) optical sensors. Although they have remarkably around a lot of energy such as petroleum and electricity is also and measuring instruments, and communication devices. The systems.In the research of the nano-scale process technology, developed, optical fiber communications systems, which carry required in addition to food. Modern day people obtain energy aim of the sensing system laboratory is (1) to construct an au- we have developed room-temperature imprint lithography that information merely with the blinking light, do not sufficiently uti- by utilizing petroleum and nuclear power etc, however, this has tonomous sensing node, which integrates sensors, a micro-pro- allows us to copy fine patterns, which were formed on a mold, lize high-frequency wave properties of laser light. We are inves- caused environmental problems in addition to the problem of cessor system and a communication device and (2) to realize a to a surface of resin on a substrate, at room temperature. tigating advanced modulation-demodulation methods utilizing, depletion, and hence research on switching our energy sources flexible, robust and dual communication sensing network. As In the research of the semiconductor lasers, we have proposed for example, optical phase or frequency to discover the ideal to sun-based energy is an important issue. We are attempting concrete applications, the laboratory staff have been working on and theoretically analyzed a new ridge structure, which can situation of optical fiber communication at a higher speed and to solve this issue through developing high efficiency solar cells (1) forecasting landslides at hills around mountain areas, (2) emit a laser beam with the fundamental transverse mode up to larger capacity. We are also studying indoor optical space com- and researching a system that makes energy obtained in monitoring the flow speed and direction of dangerous rivers, (3) a high light-output. In the research of the imaging devices, we munication that combines optical fiber communication technol- photovoltaic power generation easier to use. monitoring the dynamical physiological parameters in daily life have discovered a structure, which can control the peak ogy and wireless communication technology. Optical sensing, and (4) monitoring human flow in densely populated areas. From wavelength and spectral width independently. In the research of especially, remote mea- the viewpoint of social evolution, our staff work to design and the optical fiber communication surement or monitoring, construct practical sys- systems, we have proposed with semiconductor la- tems and devices by and analyzed several schemes sers, optical amplifiers combining the dual as- to reduce four-wave-mixing and optical fibers, is pects of hardware and noises, which are caused by the third-order optical nonlinear ef- studied as well. software. fect in the optical fibers. ■Example of configuration of sen- sory node that is the constituent ■Fabricated pattern by room-temperature ■Laser oscillation experiment using element of a slope failure monitor- imprint lithography an optical amplifier and fiber ■80kw system installed at Ritsumeikan University ing network

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Minute object laser trap using optical fiber Systems and control theory and its Optical signal processing and its Nanoelectronics and its applications for applications application to optical communication and bio-chemical sensors Modeling, estimation, and control of large- sensing scale networked systems Professor / Kozo TAGUCHI Professor / Kiyotsugu TAKABA Professor / Koichi TAKIGUCHI Associate Professor / Shigeyasu UNO Light has pressure. My laboratory is researching the control of Dynamical systems arising in various engineering problems in The capacity of optical communication is being steadily in- Nanotechnology and biotechnology. These disciplines have minute objects without actually having to come in contact with modern society are getting increasingly huge and complex, and creased, which brings significant benefits to our lives including achieved remarkable progress independently, and now they them by using that pressure of light. We are currently exhibit a large-scale network structure consisting of a number broadband services of the Internet. However, the signal pro- collaborate to form a new interdisciplinary research area, name- developing a minute object light acquisition system using of sub-systems. Examples of such systems are power grids, cessing utilizing electronic circuits causes the limit of processing ly, nanobiotechnology. We aim to contribute to advances in optical fiber and have confirmed that light acquisition of a few sensor networks, formations of mobile vehicles, etc. Mathemat- speed and large power consumption in the optical communica- nanobiotechnology through our expertise in electronics. Our re- micrometers in size of a minute object can take place by ical model-based methodologies are essential to guarantee sta- tion. The information photonics laboratory was just established search interests include (a) nanoelectronics for ultra-small elec- irradiating the laser light from an optical fiber whose tip has bility and high performance of large-scale networked control in April 2012, where we aim at research on optical signal pro- tronic devices, (b) sensors for biochemical molecules and physi- been processed into a lens. This is known as “optical tweezers”. systems under various constraints. Against this background, cessing based on photonic nanotechnology, diffraction, interfer- ological activities using nano-scale electronic devices, and (c) The two optical fibers shown in the photo can be used to move we conduct research and education on systems and control ence, and non-linear optical effect in optical waveguides and fi- biochemical power generation. We stress international collabo- objects closer to each other or to separate them similar to how engineering aiming at the development of practical and expan- bers. We pursue technology that can process optical signals ration with research groups all over the world, so laboratory a human’s right and left hand handle objects. If the minute sible methods for modeling, estimation, and control of large- directly in the optical domain at high-speed and without in- members are strongly encouraged to be international as well. In object were to be a cell it would contribute to the biotechnology scale networked systems. Our research interests include robust creasing power consumption. The lightwave also has a feature addition, we enjoy exciting collaborations with experts from field as a method of cell fusion and of replacing tissues in a cell. design of networked control systems, synchronization of sen- that enables us to carry out sensitive detection of biological ob- wide variety of disciplines not only physics but also chemistry, jects and environmental information sors or electro-mechanical systems, formation control of mobile biology, and medical science. Interested? Just contact me for without disturbing them. By use of vehicles, etc. more details! this feature and above-mentioned op- tical signal processing technology de- veloped for the optical communica- tion, we pursue sensitive metrology for biotechnological, medical and en- vironmental fields, and information photonics for multiplexing or fusion of optical sensors.

■Scene where organism cells dispersed in pure water using laser light irradiated ■Formation control of a group ■Result obtained with simulation of integrated pho- ■Micrograph of a CMOS LSI chip for from an optical fiber are picked up by light. of mobile robots tonic device. biochemical molecular sensing.

13 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 14 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Photonic application for optical information Design of battery-less system and its Electronic Devices for Network Application technology and biomedical imaging application ― Security & Application Specific LSI ―

Professor / Wataru WATANABE Professor / Takakuni DOUSEKI Professor / Takeshi FUJINO, Lecturer / Takeshi KUMAKI Light is used in a wide variety of applications including commu- Systems that do not require any batteries would be more con- The networking of electronic devices is the key technology for nications, information processing, data storage, energy, health- venient in that they would not require any maintenance and can safe and comfortable society. High-security and low-power care, medicine, and manufacturing. The group engages in fun- be installed where people cannot reach such as in sensor net- consumption are required for these electronic devices. Cryptog- damental and applied study on photonics, focusing on works and implantable computers. At our laboratory we are raphy is used for realizing high security, in the contact-less nanophotonics and nonlinear optics with the aim to harness aiming at the research, development and application of a bat- smart cards, which keep money and personal information, or light. Our research involves optical device fabrication and ad- tery-less system that obviously does not require any batteries. sensor nodes, which handle privacy information. vanced optical microscopy for minimally invasive medical diag- In order to realize this research needs to cover the three points Cryptography is mathematically safe, however, the attacker re- nostics. The group is engaged in interdisciplinary areas of edu- of the generation of energy (electricity veal secret information by analyzing the side-channel informa-

cation and research, spanning optics, photonics and generation technology), conversion (pow- tion such as power consumption and electro-magnetic field. Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering electronics. er supply conversion technology) and Furthermore, the attacker could clone security LSIs by analyz- consumption (low-power LSI technology). ing physical information. In our laboratory, we are researching As energy resources the natural energy tamper-resistant LSI which protect secret information, and existing around us such as light, thermal Physically Unclonable Function for anti-cloning. In addition, we and motion energies need to be utilized. are developing networking and high security systems by using With regard to LSI-related research we programmable LSIs and high-performance low-power proces- are researching new power supply con- sors. version circuit technology to enable stable ■Hanger electric generation electricity to be supplied from unstable natural energy sources to internal CPUs and extremely small circuit electric power technology. We have succeeded up to the creation of system but are now pro- moting the research in cooperation with ■Diffraction image of the embedded ■Visualization and manipulation of grating in polymers by ultrafast laser organelles in a biological cell ■Body temperature external companies. pulses electricity generation ■Side Channel Attack and tamper-resistant cryptographic LSI

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Optimization Technique for Analog High-performance, highly-reliable and Integrated Circuits low-power VLSI system design technology

Professor / Tomohiro FUJITA Professor / Masahiro FUKUI, Assistant Professor / Ittetsu TANIGUCHI At the analog integrated circuit laboratory we are promoting VLSIs (very large scale integration), which have been so research that focuses on two points: information processing successfully used in information appliances, have now entered technology utilizing analog circuits and how the analog circuits an era of more diversified applications such as on-vehicle and are created. With regard to information processing technology ultra-small medical use systems, and are therefore undergoing we are researching information processing that utilizes complex new development. In this era mastering the optimization of the dynamics such as in a neural network. We wish to realize the system according to the application has the tendency to information processing doctrine of the brain on an analog heighten its added value, and thus be a resource of large competitive power. In the case of medical treatment robots that circuit. For the problem of how the circuits should be created can be used inside people’s bodies, for example, ultralow- we aim at establishing automatic design technology carried out power operation is necessary. In the case of safety controlling by computer. We wish to automate the design flow, which used vehicles and positioning the space shuttle, high-speed and to rely on the experience of the designer, using an optimization ultra-high reliability are also required. This laboratory is working program on a computer. We are also carrying out research on on low-power design technology at the system level and simulation technology that cannot be easily realized using ultralow-power, including the battery and power supply circuit, existing technology such as high-frequency circuits used in cell in order to solve these requests of the era. As the reliability phones and a large-scale digital circuit mixed system. operation with the shift to LSI is also needed in addition to the aspect of the system, we are emphasizing the establishment of a design optimization method that takes into considering heat and timing with miniaturization physics.

■Design of algorithm of lane recognition system, and its electronic implementation which performs high-speed low-power

15 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 16 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Flexible hardware and its application Wireless Communication Systems for Design methodology for systems-on-chip Image and audio processing via learning Public Safety and embedded systems model of brain and realization with VLSIs

Associate Professor / Tomonori IZUMI, Assistant Professor / Lin MENG Professor / Hiroshi KUBO Professor / Hiroyuki TOMIYAMA Professor / Hironori YAMAUCHI Electronic information equipments, such as cell phones, vehi- Wireless communications play important role not only for Our vision is to conduct leading-edge theoretical and applied We are carrying out research on making a robot smart in the cles, artificial satellites, etc., are implemented as complicated broadband data transmission but also for public safety. Our research in design methodology for Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) same way a human is. We are aiming at a (therapeutic) robot that systems with hardware and software. laboratory is making research on digital signal processing tech- and embedded systems. Embedded systems are computer can find an acquaintance (person detection, face detection, face recognition), determine whether the person is in a good mood In the traditional sense, hardware (implies a rigid matter) is an nologies for wireless communications with high quality and reli- systems, which are embedded in various electronic products electronic circuit which offers the best performance and soft- from their facial expression (facial expression recognition), under- ability in fast vehicle environment and in low received signal such as digital TVs, blu-ray encoders/decoders, mobile phones, ware (implies a flexible matter) is a computer program whose stand what they are saying from the movement of their lips and audio (speech recognition), become at- functionality can be changed by re-loading another program. power environment. Using digital signal processing technolo- game machines, cars, and aircraft. SoCs are semiconductor gies in “Time”, “Frequency” and “Space” domains, we focus on chips on which multiple processors, memories, accelerators, tached to people like a pet does, and can Our research theme concerns “reconfigurable hardware” which render services like a housemaid does. This realizes both the high performance of electronic circuits and the robust wireless communication systems for high-speed trains and peripheral circuits are highly integrated, and are the key can be realized by constructing an informa-

flexibility of computer programs. Reconfigurable hardware and airplanes at a speed of several hundredsof km’s per hour component in the embedded systems. Our current research tion processing model of a human’s brain Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering would realize adaptive systems such as mobile phones, TV re- and communication satellitesat a height of several ten thou- focuses are on, but not limited to, high-level synthesis of SoCs on a computer and using hardware called ceivers, or wireless network appliances which could be recon- sands of km’s. We are also making research on visualization and system-level design optimization of mobile phones and ■Image of left camera LSI. This model of a brain can be used in figured automatically to fit multiple standards. It would also real- many things: a security system that can technologies for wireless communications in order to support automotive control systems. ize evolutional hardware which would change autonomously pinpoint anybody acting suspicious via vid- according to the environment and usage. Furthermore, it would robust wireless communication systems. In addition, we are ex- eo and then contact a security company, a contribute to safety maintenance of the systems in dangerous panding these digital signal processing technologies not only to security guard system that can identify the place such as space, deep sea, nuclear facilities, by reconfigur- wireless communications but also to wired communications face of a registered person and them allow the into a building, a cancer diagnosis sup- ing hardware for update or re- (optical communica- pair. It might also contribute to ■Image of right camera port system that can identify cancerous ar- tions, metallic com- eas in an X-ray and then inform the doctor, ecology by reconfiguring and munications) and and we are promoting our research and re-using the system, i.e. re- acoustic sensing. development in cooperation with industry ducing the waste. and medical departments. We are also operating a university-launched venture company (Takumi Vision Co., Ltd.). ■Image of reassembly of robot ■An electronic board equipped with “flexi- ble hardware” (top-right photo) and an The computer recognizes the shape and distance of an object from two cameras, example of application “downloadable ■Wireless digital signal processing technologies in ■Weekly meeting in our laboratory ■Hardware/software co-design of an one on the right and the other on the left, to reassembles its peripheral environment. hardware” (above figure) “Time”, “Frequency” and “Space” domains image processing embedded system The robot needs to be able to walk freely.

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas 1. Measurement and analysis of signals Intellectual processing through SSoC Parallel computing and hardware / related to global environments (Search System on Chip) software co-design 2. Biomedical effects of electromagnetic fields Professor / Masao MASUGI Professor / Takeshi OGURA, Lecturer / Takeshi KUMAKI Professor / Katsuhiro YAMAZAKI, Assistant Professor / Lin MENG Our laboratories deal with two research topics: one focuses on With typical memory data uses an address with input and Our research goal is to develop talented people who under- the measurement and analysis of signals related to global envi- output. However, memory that can have data input and output stand both hardware and software by constructing high-perfor- ronments, and the other focuses on the biomedical effects of using a part of the data itself is known as association memory. mance problem solving systems. electromagnetic fields. Regarding the former research topic, we You could say that association memory is the realization of the measure electromagnetic fields caused by lightning discharges intellectual memory that forms the basis of human’s intellectual Parallel Computing whose occurrence rate is strongly related to the effects of glob- functions. It is known that association memory LSI that can We have been researching into how to enhance the speed of large scale problems such as image compression, the n-body al warming. Weather data sets are also used to assess the realizes that has various parallel processing functions in addition problem and hash functions using SMP clusters and FPGA measured data and actual global warming effects. We also to the storage function. SSoC (Search System on Chip) is a boards. Currently we are parallelizing image generation such as measure fluctuations of broadcasting waves as premonitions of system model that can use association memory as the key real-time ray tracing using GPUs with massive parallelism. big earthquakes. In the latter research topic, we evaluate the ef- technology. We are analyzing and taking into consideration the fects of transient high-power electric fields on bio-systems and target process to be realized by SSoC from the initial point and Hardware/Software Co-Design analyze the responses of nerve-cell models by external electro- studying the algorithm and constitution method of SSoC so as We have developed a hardware/software co-learning system in magnetic fields. We believe that these new approaches will pro- to realize the processing in the most efficient manner. We will which students can study processor architecture and then de- vide quantitative measures in revealing the actual effect of elec- promote our research with the aim of realizing intellectual sign and implement their original processors. In addition, they tromagnetic fields on bio- processing using video processing, network security and robot can verify the behavior of the implementation using a FPGA systems. control etc as the main targets. board. Currently we are developing a multi-ALU processor

Assembly program MAP HDL design (MAP) to evaluate opera- tion level parallelism. The

Object code system includes MAP, a NO OK? simulator, an assembler YES NO run and a processor monitor/ FPGA OK? YES debugger. Commands Serial IF Frame IF

MAP Debugger Results Concept of measuring electromag- Instructio ■ Data mem netic field caused by a lighting dis- n mem charge ■An example of SSoC in intellectual image processing ■Structure of the multi-ALU processor system

17 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 18 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Development of materials for use in highly- MEMS devices for technology of Research and development of infrared sensors Creation of new functionality of small functional/high-performance structures evaluation/observation machines (MEMS) and their application

Professor / Kei AMEYAMA Associate Professor / Taeko ANDO Professor / Masafumi KIMATA Professor / Satoshi KONISHI, Assistant Professor / Wataru TONOMURA Conventional material developments have emphasized ultrafine- The mechanical properties of various structural materials in the Infrared sensors can detect objects in complete darkness. The LSIs (integrated circuits) are incorporated computers and the grain refinement and homogenization. However, “nano- and microscale and nanoscale domain are the research focus of the sensors we are developing at our laboratory realize high sensi- computers are connected to networks, thus linking information, homo-” materials do not usually satisfy the need to be both Ando Group. Microscale materials such as silicon, metals, and tivity by floating and insulating a thin structure (1/1000 mm) in humans and objects. Small machines originating in LSI strong but ductile, which are of course rather contradictory polymers are useful for micromachined applications in MEMS the air. The technology used to fabricate that structure is MEMS technology MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical (= machine) characteristics. devices. We have developed a new method to evaluate the (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology. We are carry- Systems, called MEMS) are now being spotlighted. My subject Our research group has succeeded in creating a “Harmonic- mechanical properties of silicon chips in various environments ing out research and development at the laboratory on process of research is MEMS and the world that can be treated using Structure Material” that is both a “nano- and harmonic” material such as high or low temperature, high humidity, and vacuum. technology for fabricating a new infrared sensor device with MEMS. MEMS involve an acquisitive field where mechanical which has overcome that antinomy through the use of one of Our research targets include the development of a novel MEMS new functionality and through various methods, and thus a vari- and other information that includes biochemical information is the non-equilibrium powder metallurgy (PM) processes called device for evaluating various phenomena in nanotechnology, ety of technologies can be studied in a wide range of fields that dealt with utilizing the minute structure of the LSI chip. the severe plastic deformation PM process (Figure shows an biotechnology, and medical fields. include electronic devices, electronic circuit technology, semi- Applications have continued to expand: a number of small EBSD grain size image of Ti-6Al-4V Harmonic Structure Materi- conductors/MEMS process technology, optical technology, and mirrors that turn ON/OFF the image signal of a display by al) .Target materials are not only metallic materials but also hard material technology. The applicable fields of infrared sensors swinging it, and biotips for catching cells, boring holes, and materials such as ceramics.The harmonic structure design im- also has a wide range and include safety, security and energy assembling cells etc. We are recently working on medical

proves toughness as well. This also means that a whole new saving, and more recently have been used in vehicle safe driv- applications of MEMS with the aim of contributing to medical Department of Mechanical Engineering paradigm of materials design has been created. ing auxiliary devices etc, care that less burdens patients. Alongside material development, we are also working towards and hence is technology An endoscope robot with soft practical application of the we can expect more from hands has been developed, materials by carrying out in the future. and we would like to continue demonstrative experiments, working on this field with you. various assessments,and design optimizations. ■Instructor seen with infrared rays The contrasting density indicates the temperature distribution of the ■Remote operation by data glove of micro ■An EBSD grain size image of Ti-6Al- face. Glasses are opaque to infrared hand: under deployment in medical 4V Harmonic Structure Material rays and hence black. application

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Nonlinear dynamics of reactive thermal Strength of materials under multiaxial Strength design and soundness Application of nonlinear science to fluids loading evaluations of machine structures machine systems

Associate Professor / Hiroshi GOTODA Professor / Takamoto ITOH Professor / Takayuki KUSAKA, Assistant Professor /Yasutoshi NOMURA Professor / Takaya MIYANO Dynamical system theory conveys striking and uncovering infor- This laboratory is carrying out many fatigue tests under multiax- We are involved in the structural design and structural evalua- Phenomenon where exceeds something can be represented by mation for clarifying dynamic properties of irregular temporal ial loadings for various materials, such as heat and corrosion tions of the safety and functionality of rapid transportation such “1+1=2”, or, that is to say, the situation where a new character- behaviors obtained in a broad spectrum of experiments and registrant alloys used for high temperature component, light as vehicles and aircraft. The crash safety of vehicles and dam- istic appears when two systems are combined, which could not numerical simulations in the fields of mechanical and chemical weight alloys and super alloys used for aircraft, low melting al- age detection of aircraft etc are both representative examples be expected when each system individually existed, could be engineering. It widely covers from the quantification of many loys used for electronic devices, etc. The fatigue tests were of this theme. In particular we are carrying out research using described as “emergence”. The science that studies emer- important invariants such as Lyapunov exponent, fractal dimen- sion and entropies, which yields a physical description of the mainly performed under multiaxial loading at room and high the keyword of “impact phenomenon” and researching the im- gence is nonlinear science. The word “nonlinear contains the dynamical structure, to practical applications such as nonlinear temperatures. Based on the obtained test results, deformation pact resistance of new materials such as carbon fiber reinforced nuance “it is not a world where 1+1=2”. At our laboratory re- forecasting. Our group is devoted to the experimental and nu- and fracture behaviors are evaluated. Observations of crack composite materials and shock absorbers that put a folding search is being carried out the “emergence” new functions of a merical study on nonlinear dynamics of thermal fluids with rapid and microstructure, analyses and evaluations of results and nu- structure to practical use. We frequently carry out inspections machine system by applying nonlinear science to machine sys- chemical reaction, especially combustion and flame (e.g., com- merical analyses are also carried out, and then evaluation of using CAE (a type of computer simulation) in addition to various tems, or by using a lot of parts and having them cooperate can bustion instability in premixed gas-turbine combustor, flame strength and development of design criteria for fatigue strength intensity experiments in our research, and develop test produc- lead to a mutual effect. For example, it is possible to rotate the front instability induced by radiative heat loss, and flame front are studied. For the multiaxial fatigue test, since special test tions. Recently we have also been emphasizing damage diag- same machine at a constant pace or to rotating it irregularly by instability in inverted gravity) from a viewpoint of dynamical sys- tem theory. equipment is needed, almost all the machines are the originally nosis of architectural constructions and developing a system slightly changing the operating conditions. designed and fabricated testing equipment. New testing ma- that can be used to evaluate the generation status of cracks in chines are also developed. Thus, the students can study not real time. We have a lot of themes of research that are being only materials and strength of material, but also programing of promoted in cooperation test controlling and hydraulic control system. In this laboratory, with car and aircraft most important thing is to manufacturers etc. enjoy the research work. ■Lean premixed gas-turbine model combustor ■Bifurcation diagram of flame front instability in- duced by radiative heat loss ■Plastic buckling simulation of ■Multiaxial low cycle fatigue test of shock absorber for vehicle. We ■Flame front instability in heat resistant steel using electro-hy- are developing a highly-efficient ■Chaotic waterwheel: form of chaotic gas turbine I am collaborating on with inverted gravity draulic servo testing machine shock absorber using CAE. Professor Toshiyuki Toriyama.

19 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 20 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Development of efficient fluid movement Reliability evaluation method for use with Analyses and applications of rhythmic Micro machine design that puts the micro analysis method and technological high-temperature materials and electronic system in science and technology mechanics of solid fluids to practical use application device materials

Professor / Yoshifumi OGAMI Professor / Masao SAKANE Professor / Isao TOKUDA Professor / Toshiyuki TORIYAMA Research on the development of a calculator and program is This laboratory is involved in researching and developing a Rhythmic phenomena, characterized as regular recurrence or We are aiming at the realization of a micro power source of an taking place with solving complex motion equations numerically damage evaluation method and a strength evaluation method pattern in time, are observed in a variety of systems in nature. ultra-small turbo machine etc. by putting micro machine system now considered mainstream, however, the accuracy and time with regard to the multiaxial loading status of a wide range of Examples include rhythms in speech communications, rhythms technology to practical use. The micro power source has been needed for the calculations still has room for improvement. For high-temperature materials such as single-crystal superalloys in music plays, rhythmic walking, rhythmic heart beat, 24 hours assumed to be a propulsion engine loaded on an ultra-small fly- example, the turbulent flow that accompanies combustion that are used in aircraft and gas turbine blades for electric gen- biological rhythm, rhythmic flashing of fireflies, firing patterns of ing object. We are implementing element design and test pro- results in a few hundred forms of equations having to be dealt eration and heat-resistant steel used in electric generation boil- with at the same time, making a more efficient calculation neuronal activities, planetary motion, and many others. duction of centrifugal compressor, a can type premixing hydro- method necessary. At this laboratory we are developing an ers etc. There is no commercially-available equipment that can Ensemble of such rhythmic elements leads to a rich collective gen combustor, a radial flow turbine and gas bearing etc efficient calculation algorithm for both a method of analyzing be used in these tests and hence it basically all needs to be behavior such as synchronization. In mechanical engineering, configured with an impeller diffuser based on the thermody- physical quantities that are fixed and depend on flow fields originally designed and fabricated. The test equipment we have development of mechanical oscillators that can generate stable namic cycle required for the propulsion engine. We are also im- (Eulerian method) and a method of analyzing them using the developed includes inventive equipment without precedent in and precise rhythms provides one of the most fundamental plementing structural fluid design by dealing with the centrifugal movement of fluids (Lagrangian method). the world and research products of high originality. technologies. In our laboratory, we construct mathematical force, thermal stress and heat conduction problems from the In addition to the development of those calculation methods we Improving the thermal reliability of the equipment is necessary models and experimental devices for rhythmic systems. Our point of view of solid mechanics and the transonic fluid problem are also developing engineering applications of them. More because of the tendency towards high integration and the high aim is to develop basic theories and advanced applications in of the low Reynolds number from the point of view of aerome- concretely we are carrying out “research on reducing the noise heat generation of electronic devic-

generated by a jet nozzle”, “the design of a micro gas turbine”, science and engineering. Our subjects cover a broad range of chanics. We are also aiming at resolving the electronic/dynamic Department of Mechanical Engineering es used in cell phones and PCs “the development of ultra-light aircraft”, “research on the research fields from mechanics, robotics, computer science, behavior of piezoresistant material in which the application of a etc. We are carrying out research efficiency of the streamlining stirring/mixing process in micro neuroscience, and micro mechanical rate sensor like an acceleration sensor is ex- on improving the reliability of cell flow paths”, and “the development of a magnetic suspension circadian rhythm to pected, by applying phones and PCs through the re- type artificial heart pump” acoustics and music. micro mechanics to etc. search regarding the evaluation of it. the material characteristics of sol-

■Analysis example of combustion der, resin and thin copper film ma- through a calculation method incor- terials used in that equipment. porating a thermal balancing method into the Lagrangian method. ■Triaxial creep tester ■Silicon splitter impeller blade/reaction turbine blade of 10mm in diameter and fluid Accurate calculations are possible Only one tester that can apply load from three ■Physical model of vocal folds sealing structure (design point performance of rotation number of 900000rpm: without having to use a few hundred directions with a unique design exists in the that can produce voice as pressure ratio 2, heat-insulating efficiency 0.5) that was experimentally produced chemical formulas. world. human. by the processing technology with the micro machine system.

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas MEMS informative communication Development of easy reforming technology Fracture controlling in localized regions of Development of magnetic levitation/ laboratory for machining tools engineering materials magnetic bearing system

Professor / Kenichiro SUZUKI Professor / Yasuhiro TANI Professor / Akira UENO Professor / Satoshi UENO We are carrying out research and development on wireless/op- We utilize various industrial products around us, many of those It is very important to produce reliable industrial products, Magnetic levitation/magnetic bearings are used in systems that tical components utilizing Microelectromechanical Systems parts are produced in removal process using machining tools. including MEMS products. One effective method for preventing support objects or rotating shaft without contact through use of (MEMS) technology. As the dimensions of the machine’s ele- The tools gradually wear out and need to be replaced. Only the product failure is the early detection of small-scale damage or magnetic force. It has various favorable characteristics: no surface layer of a tool is used in processing, and hence replacing ment can be miniaturized to the same level of electromagnetic the entire tool is a waste of resources. Attachments can change fracture. In our laboratory, we study an advanced fracture friction or abrasions, supports high-speed rotation, low loss, waves, the possibility that a new doctrine for controlling the with each replacement that can cause variation in the accuracy controlling technique for application in early fracture detection. long lifetime, usable in vacuums or in ultralow temperature phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves with those ma- of processing. This laboratory is therefore working on the Another field of study we have recently embarked on is the environments, and supports advanced active control. Currently chine elements is emerging. The expectation is that this re- development of technology for reforming machining tools on the study of practical uses of fuel-cell vehicles, as part of the effort it is actually being utilized in magnetic suspension trains, turbo- machine tool. The technology will help workers involved in search will lead to the development of a new research area processing to select the optimal tool, and improve their ingenuity. in addressing the issues of global warming and resource molecular pumps, flywheel energy storages, clean pumps, and which will initiate the fusion of electromagnetic waves and ma- We are developing support technology and equipment at our shortages. blood pumps for artificial hearts etc. We are working at the chine vibrations in the micro area. It is also expected that this laboratory to aid processing engineers in fabricating machining development of a magnetic bearing smaller than those already research will realize even higher functionality of mobile wireless tools with a simple shape in addition to this research. existing, the development of a self-bearing motor that integrates communications and sensing system and contribute to the Hard film magnetic bearings and an AC motor, and the development of a Swarf

construction of the infrastructure for the next-generation ubiqui- Workpiece non-contact displacement sensor for use in magnetic levitation Hard film formed Cutting with formed Wear of Cutting tool tous network society. on cutting edge rigid film hard film etc. We are also developing a magnetic bearing system using a Cutting Removal of edge worn surface superconductor in addition to the magnetic suspension that layer Swarf ■Our team of undergraduate uses a normal conduction magnet. student in the laboratory Swarf Grinding tool Workpiece Abrasive grain Workpiece Cutting Formation of Grinding process abrasive layer Conversion to grinding tool and reproduction Slurry

Abrasive tool Resin Workpiece Formation of Polishing process resin film ■Concept of reforming technology for machining tools ■Background of fabrication of MEMS ■Electrical characterization scene with Technology used to reform only the surface layer of a machining tool used in ■Fine hole electrical discharge device MEMS device processing. machine ■Scene of experiment ■AC motor using small magnetic bearing

21 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 22 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Robotics Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Clarification of high-speed impact Clarifying biomechanics through Control of Locomotion and Legged Robots Making a mechanical system intelligent phenomenon accompanying shock waves mechanical engineering using dynamics

Associate Professor / Keiko WATANABE Professor / Noritaka YAMAMOTO Associate Professor / Sang Ho HYON Professor / Shinichi HIRAI The high-speed impact accompanying the shock waves is a We are clarifying the mechanism of vital functions using the ma- Our research focuses on the following topics: At the integrated mechanical intelligence laboratory research on very interesting research subject in physics because unique terial mechanics required in designing vehicles and aircraft that “Science of locomotion”: Study of attractive artificial leg design the shift of mechanical systems being intelligent based on phenomena that can never happen under the static and avoid damage in mechanical engineering. In addition we are and their real-life motions. dynamics is very much being focused upon. Taking into aiming at developing new medical treatments for disorders that dynamic loading are induced. The main subject is the Development of realistic-looking artificial legs: Robotic consideration the physical system that intellectually connects have been untreatable using the accomplishments obtained. clarification of fracture and propagation behavior of waves realization of human/animal-like, compliant, fault-tolerant legs. sensations and motion and moving in the actual world has We mainly carry out research on tendons and ligaments of the resulted in a Robot that has lead to us promoting robotic induced by the impact. In particular, we recently focus on the Creation of smooth motions: Control theory of stable, robust, articulatio genus. research using a scholarship system for realization. We are Tendons and ligaments are made up of collagen fibers and high-speed penetration phenomenon into geological particulate dynamic locomotion such as walking, running, and jumping. aiming at realizing a physical system that can cleverly and materials such as sands. Since particles are heterogeneity and have a very complicated structure. We are researching the rela- We evaluate our systems and theory on real human-sized tionship between minute structures and mechanical properties robustly move in the actual world and establishing scholarly instability, both behaviors as solid and liquid exist and the three humanoid robots, amusement robots, exoskeleton robots, by harvesting fiber fascicles of approximately 100 micrometers theory. In recent years we have been especially interested in states of matter (solids, liquids and gases) are mixed, in diameter and very fine fibrils of approximately 200 nanome- construction robots, or animated computer figures. These soft robots. Our research has revealed that functionality that phenomena are so complicated and less understood. This is ters in diameter obtained the tail tendon of the mouse for use in valuable experimental and mathematical findings are aimed at could not be realized by robots configured with hard materials not only basic research of high-speed impact phenomena but conducting tensile tests. We also obtain mechanical properties practical applications for the industrial or medical fields. can be easily realized using soft materials. We wish to realize a research of engineering significance, such as the product from the relationship between force and extension at that time physical system that allows a robot to move in the actual world development using a non-Newtonian phenomenon, the by capturing the change in shape of the patella tendon that like a human using soft objects and biomedical materials etc in bears the load using ultrasonic diagnostic equipment in order to the future. establishment of planetary exploration technology, the measure the mechanical properties of the patella tendon in the establishment of protection human articulatio genus. technology against high- speed scattering objects and the development of Department of Robotics new excavation technology and geological survey technique.

■Soft finger operation ■Jumping locomotion soft robot ■Behavior of ejecta during high- ■Ultrasonic diagnostic image of ■Electron microscope photograph of fiber ■[Left] Running rex robot An object can be skillfully operated by A robot configured with a soft body speed penetration into sands human patella tendon fascicle from mouse tail tendon [Right] NICT/ATR humanoid robot (ex. collaboration) a robotic hand with soft fingers and soft actuator

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Development of energy conversion technology Environment restoration technology by Motion intelligence of robots and humans Understanding the dynamic phenomena of that will contribute to the establishment of a fluid engineering life’s intelligence of motion and developing resource recycling society environmentally-adaptive robots with novel morphology and functionality Professor / Yoshinobu YOSHIHARA Associate Professor / Shuya YOSHIOKA Professor / Sadao KAWAMURA Professor / Shugen MA Prevention of global warming is currently a pressing issue, mak- The environment has recently been damaged by human activity. Our research focuses on the motion science of multi-joint struc- Nature systems behaving a body with a large number of ing the establishment of a system that ensures a constant sup- In our laboratory, we study two technologies: environment ture common to both humans and robots, and its application. degrees of freedom are often considered as the ultimate model for intelligence. To confer the performance advantage of animal ply of energy while reducing CO2 emissions necessary, along restoration technology and the technology for the reduction of Due to multi-joint structure, the control of this motion becomes systems on robotic machines, at this laboratory, we are carrying with the promotion of energy saving, recycling of resources and environmental impact, by means of fluid engineering. Our main difficult. However, by developing innovative mechanisms and focus is to develop such technologies by using a large quantity out the studies on a thorough understanding of the biological the conversion to new fuels. Because of this we are developing control systems, very efficient motion can be realized. In 2010, of micro scale bubbles. This technology makes it possible to systems at both biomechanical and physiological levels and the we are focusing on the following research projects: developments of biomimetic intelligent machines, biologically- highly efficient technology for use in gasoline engines and purifi- efficiently dissolve oxygen in water in the environment on a cation technology for harmful substances from the point of view (1) Realization of a Highly Energy-Efficient Robot based on Res- inspired robots and environmentally adaptive mechanisms with massive scale. Dissolved oxygen restores the ecological onance Principles. the keywords, ‘biological system’, ‘intelligence’, ‘environmental of energy conservation, because diesel engines have higher systems and material cycle systems, providing the water Theoretical and practical research is being carried out based on adaptation’, ‘flexibility’ and ‘energy-saving’. Our research topics thermal efficiency than gasoline engines but do have the ten- environment strong environment-restoration ability. Our field the resonance of mechanical stiffness devices. From a theoreti- include - but not limited to - studies and developments of new dency to discharge a lot of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particle experiments are carried out at testing sites such as lakes and types of robots such as snake-like robots and quadruped cal viewpoint, resonance for linear systems is developed to the matter (PM) such as smut. We are also developing technology water-storage dams, in cooperation with the local government robots that have a similar body with animals and show the nonlinear dynamics of robots. correspondent intelligence, and studies and developments of for utilizing biomass authority. To support and verify our fieldwork, we perform experiments in our laboratory on campus, which attempt to (2) Development of a Human-size Underwater Robot with Dual rescue robots such as crawler-driven robots that behave resources and Sol- predict the process of water environment restoration by Arms and its Testing in Biwa Lake. polymorphic motions and show better impact absorption ability. id Oxide Fuel Cells simulating heat, fluid flow, diffusion, and chemical reaction in We are focusing on the dexterity of an underwater robot with http://www.malab.se.ritsumei.ac.jp/ (SOFCs) as a new the environment. dual arms. A movable floating blocks system and a new type of fuel. controller for an operator have been developed. Experiments are conducted in both a pool on campus and in Biwa Lake. (3) Realization of Muscular Structure Robots and High Performance Con- trol. A muscular structure robot resembling a human body has been developed using rubber actuators. Robust visual ■Porous solid electrolyte cell developed at the laboratory feedback control systems are being ■Upper left: A crawler-driven robot, upper middle: An in-pipe robot, upper right: A Water containing micro bubbles, with Field experiment at Sounoseki-dam snake-like robot, lower left: A wall-climbing robot, lower middle: A quadruped Used to purify exhaust gas from diesel engines and the development of a quick ■ ■ developed. start SOFC the appearance of milky liquid (Miyagi Pref.) ■Small underwater robot robot, lower right: An omni-directional robot

23 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 24 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Applied research on engineering in Development of medical welfare robot and Intelligent vision system for autonomous Research and development of assistive medical/welfare fields ultra high-speed robot robots technologies for persons with disabilities and the elderly

Professor / Masaaki MAKIKAWA Professor / Kiyoshi NAGAI Associate Professor / Kazuhiro SHIMONOMURA Professor / Noriyuki TEJIMA We are carrying out a variety of researches in five fields from a 1) Rehabilitation robot (international collaborative research We are studying intelligent sensing systems for autonomous We are developing assistive technologies (AT) for use by per- biomedical engineering stance; 1) We are developing new bio- with the University of Reading in England) and adaptive robotic systems. Our research topics include an sons with disabilities and the elderly and doing basic research. logical sensor technologies that include a sensor system for We are promoting the rehabilitation robot R4 used for the upper intelligent vision sensor with a design inspired by the biological We are proud that our laboratory has the most different com- extremities that can be applied during rehabilitation in the acute measuring depth of sleep (left photo) and indirect electrocardio- vision system (neuromorphic vision sensor), a real-time robotic mercially-available AT found in science and engineering labora- stage after having suffered apoplexia cerebri in an intercultural tories in Japan and students commence learning from first ex- gram (ECG) measurement technology through the clothes of a vision system with VLSI technology, and a device for integration exchange with researchers from the University of Reading in periencing the superior points and problems of AT by using and driver while driving. 2) We are carrying out an ultra-small and England where some of my graduate students and I visit. of sensory information obtained from different types of sensors comparing them as research that does not include any hands- implantable digital bioinstrumentation system for directly mea- 2) Medical robot (collaborative research with Shiga Univer- (sensor fusion). In addition, we are applying the vision-based on experience frequently becomes merely paper theory. This suring biosignals inside animal’s bodies. We are also developing sity of Medical Science) sensing systems to robotic controls, such as mobile robot laboratory is a part of the robotics department; however, we In order to realize a master-slave robot that can support surgery a nerve interface. 3) We are studying technologies for recover- navigation and target tracking with active vision. aim at developing useful equipment, even if it is rather low-tech under MRIs etc we are working on re- ing, maintaining and improving our health by actively encourag- and regardless of high-tech mechatronics equipment. The search regarding a motion transfer themes of research includes the development of a safety mech- ing vital functions such as a virtual walking-around system (right mechanism that does not get affected anism for rehabilitation robots, the development of a more com- photo) and blanket system to promise a good sleep that chang- by magnetic fields. fortable cushion for a wheelchair, basic research on amusement 3) Assist robot es the temperature inside according to the depth of sleep. 4) equipment for the elderly, and the development of an earring We are studying the mechanism of fall and hip fracture of the We are promoting the design of a mechanism for an assist robot for sup- type input device for tetraplegics etc. elderly for the prevention of fall and hip fracture. Active collabor- port in preventing lower back pain, the ative research with companies is one of features of our labora- design of a control system and re- ■Rehabilitation robot R4 (1st ■Stereo vision based target tracking tory. search on a distributed force sensor. model) 4) Ultrahigh acceleration robot We are working on research on the ul- trahigh acceleration parallel mecha- Department of Robotics nism NINJA with the aim of realizing 100G and a parallel mechanism that can accelerate equipment on which electronic components are mounted. ■Neuromorphic vision ■Experimentally produced earring type input ■Scene of experiment where elderly ■Sleep monitoring system for the elderly ■Virtual walking-around system ■Parallel mechanism NINJA sensor device people interact with a radio control toy

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Highly Functional Small Medical Robots/ Development of motion control of robots Equipment and mechatronics robot system

Associate Professor / Makoto NOKATA Associate Professor / Ryuta OZAWA We carry out research into medical robots, highly-functional The main interests of the manipulation laboratory are to design small medical equipment, and rehabilitation equipment in order controllers of robotic hands and arms to enable dexterous mo- to improve the quality of our daily lives. tion such as grasping and reaching, and to develop robotic [Capsule-Robots for diagnostic treatment] We design and develop Capsule-Robots that can carry out in- systems such as tendon-driven mechanisms. The tendon-driv- spections and provide medical care in the body cavity for a long en mechanism is one of the technologies used in robotic trans- time. Capsule-Robots move along the surface of internal or- mission systems to drive a linkage mechanism with the use of gans driven by external magnetic fields. We research mecha- wires, and is often used to perform features of the musculosk- nisms that enable correct positioning eletal system. We are currently analyzing tendon-driven mech- in soft internal organs, a diagnosis anisms to understand the important characteristics of musculo- function, a medical treatment func- tion. We also develop a system that skeletal systems, such as variable stiffness properties and the generates a magnetic field for the ro- connected motion shown at the interphalangeal joints of the in- bots’ movement in the body, and an- dex finger. We are also developing other mechanical systems alyze the behavior of the Robots by such as a new mass measurement system, an ankle-foot or- use of movement simulation. thotic system, and a tele-operation system. ■Capsule-Robot for diagnostic [Tool for minimally invasive medi- treatment with 30x15x8[mm] CCD camera and two for- cal treatment] ceps We develop tools for use in surgically treating internal organ with minimal damage. We design and fabricate a vascular catheter that includes micro forceps of 1mm in external diameter and a multi-functional endoscopic in- strument for laparoscope assisted surgery. Our medical tools have multi- degrees of freedom and rigidity re- ■Micro forceps of 1mm in ex- quired in surgery even though very ternal diameter mounted on ■Tele-operation of finger robot ■Full/under-actuated tendon- the tip of vascular catheter small size. driven finger robots

25 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 26 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Ground disaster-prevention engineering Earthquake disaster mitigation of Creation and management of sustainable Design and city planning for environmental and geomechatronics infrastructures cities preservation and disaster mitigation of wooden cultural heritage and historic cities with regional natural water and human resources Professor / Ryoichi FUKAGAWA Professor / Kazuyuki IZUNO Associate Professor / Yuka OKAI Professor / Takeyuki OKUBO At this laboratory we are researching (1) ground disaster-pre- The main research projects of our laboratory are as follows: It is anticipated that due to depopulation and global environ- The aim of our research is to design safe and beautiful cities and vention engineering, (2) geomechatronics, and (3) environmental [Seismic design of bridges for both vibration and tsunami] If mental issues cities will shrink instead of expanding continu- regions in a composite study field, which incorporates the saving geotechnical engineering. With (1) we are handling research on bridges suffer damage due to tsunami after earthquakes, the ously.In this context, the modern city planning methodologies of cultural heritage and disaster mitigation planning for cities, two ground disasters (slope disasters in particular) to prevent disas- restoration of the cities along shores becomes very slow fatally. need to be reviewed to reflect the current status of urbaniza- areas that have traditionally been implemented separately. In par- ticular, we are carrying out planning research for the revitalization ters from destroying our cultural heritage as a member of COE This project performs numerical simulations to investigate the tion, which can therefore contribute to creating rich, and disaster-mitigation of historic areas related to the global COE or G-COE. We are also working on a wireless slope disaster tsunami flow around bridge girders and to evaluate hydrody- dynamic,and sustainable cities. “promotion based on ‘study of cultural heritage disaster mitiga- prevention system in cooperation with information system and namic force acting on the girders. Hydraulic experiments are Our study focuses on the techniques for measuring the shrink- tion’ for protecting historic cities.” sensor system researchers. We are planning to work at helping also conducted using small scale bridge model to calibrate the ing cities and the maintenance technologies in the advanced We are also committed to making a contribution to society in the to conserve the world heritage sites in Viet Nam in the future. numerical simulations. urbanized societies and advice on how to achieve sustainable creation of beautiful environments with abundant water that can With (2) we are carrying out research on the mutual action of [Protection of cultural heritage cities, which can take advantage of the regional characteristics. be utilized even in case of earthquake triggered fires. This in- machine systems and the ground in a resource development on structures from earthquake disas- We conduct research on the city systems, regional planning, cludes the creation of regional disaster prevention plans for his- torical cityscapes with the participation of the local inhabitants, the moon in cooperation with researchers from JAXA (Japan ters] The role of cultural heritage is and management systems of the cities that fully utilize partici- the discovery of traditional knowledge of reducing disasters in Aerospace Exploration Agency) etc. Geomechatronics is the immeasurably important in human pation and consultation offered by diversified bodies, including history, and effective evaluation of modern society. We are also name of a research field that concerns the automation and ro- lives and societies. However, invalu- national and local governments, citizens, and NPOs. We also involved in the disaster-mitigation water use development plan for botization of operating machines able treasures have been damaged carry on comparative the flammable and historical region around Kiyomizu-dera Tem- for the ground. With (3) we are or lost due to natural disasters. The ■Simulation of tsunami surging research on European ple, which is being put into practice by carrying out research on the toward a bridge object of this project is to protect cities and especially Kyoto-city. Through these projects in spreading of ground pollution historic structures such as traditional refer to the French cit- Japan and overseas, we are taking part due to heavy metals and oil and in business solution type research for wooden temples or masonry arch ies. a method of controlling it. bridges from earthquake disasters. making an disaster mitigation plans and The nondestructive inspection to evaluations by inhabitants and the gov- ernment for sustainable social services. ■Long-term measurement implemented at detect age-related deterioration of Kiyomizu Temple using the slope disaster prevention monitoring system. A tensiome- the wooden structures and inelastic ■Image of street water sprinkler system: installed ter that measures the water volume of the earthquake response analysis of the along a road with a civil fire hydrant to stop fires surface layer of the slope is the center of ■Nondestructive test of wooden from spreading by dampening the surface of the the sensor. historic structures are conducted. temple column ■Lille (France) timber structure Department of Civil Engineering

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Strength of steel structures, maintenance Travel behavior analysis and traffic Seeking the ideal situation of a river basin Construction of urban traffic system that of steel bridges phenomenon analysis for urban transport supports the realization of a “town for planning walking”

Associate Professor / Katsuyoshi NOZAKA Associate Professor / Keiichi OGAWA Professor / Yoshifumi SATOFUKA Professor / Hiroshi TSUKAGUCHI At the bridge engineering laboratory we mainly carry out We are carrying out research on urban transport that encom- Rivers are not just for channeling precipitation (rain and snow) We study and analyze issues regarding traffic and are research- research on the design of steel bridges and their maintenance. passes the movement of people in cities along with the move- down to the mouths of rivers but also for the cycle of various ing the planning and management of urban traffic systems with For use as data needed to design steel bridges economically ment of bicycles and vehicles on roads. In order to ease traffic substances. Landslides carried by the flow of a river have gen- the aim of constructing better urban traffic systems. In recent we are clarifying the strength of members through experiments congestion in cities and thus traffic jams and accidents the be- erated changes in landforms and created various natural envi- years, we have particularly focused on the realization of cities in and analyses. Through experimental tests, it is possible for us havior of people moving in cities and the behavior of people ronments through the organic substances that form in moun- which people benefit from walking, and promoting walking-re- to see and feel the strength of steel members and to get to driving cars need to be analyzed, and appropriate traffic man- tainous areas and forests. However, people have evolved using lated research such as traffic behavior analysis to model their know a bit about the strength of the structures our lives depend agement policies and road safety practices then considered. the sustenance of rivers since early times and have changed behavior and then planning pedestrian spaces around it. How- on. Many structures around us have been in public use for long Travel behavior such as with work trips, commuting to school river basins according to their wishes while being occasionally ever, research on pedestrians is insufficient in creating cities that time and some of those have some structural damages. Hence and shopping is implemented by everyone on a daily basis, and faced by disasters such as floods and sediment disasters. In you can happily walk around; making a traffic system that will we are researching a method of safely using them for longer thus is a field that involves behavior in everyday life, and there- recent years catchphrases such as protection and conservation support it is necessary. We are therefore studying issues, in- through maintenance and strengthening. As one possible method, we are studying the use of carbon fiber reinforced fore a target of research that can take place anywhere in peo- of the natural environment have become in vogue and the opin- cluding rationalization of local logistics focused on parking, polymer (CFRP) plates. CFRP is light but has much strength ple’s daily lives. ion that the approach to rivers by humans should be controlled parking behavior analysis and parking management, inspec- and rigidity than steel material, and it has begun to attract as much as possible is growing stronger. At this laboratory we tions of traffic management policies for realizing traffic spaces attention as an effective material for strengthening and are researching the outflow phenomenon of water and land- such as transit malls, and improvement of public transport. We maintenance use in the future. slides in river basins and how it can change the form of the are also carrying out research on disaster mitigation for cultural land. We are also researching a method sophisticatedly balanc- heritages, and evacuation ing human society with the river environ- planning in emergencies in ments by confirming the effect of such addition to transport plan- phenomenon on ecological systems and ning in normal situations. In past river development transitions etc. addition, “towns for walking” require regional identities, and hence we are carrying

■Checking the outflow process of water and landslides at out research that includes ■Experiment on the strength of a steel girder the Kusatsu river basin where a new river road was ■Typical day at the laboratory the aspect of traffic culture. (Heavily deformed shape indicates the ductility of steel) ■Video recording image used to analyze the movement of vehicles at a crossroad constructed. (student research scene)

27 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 28 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Environmental Systems Engineering Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Dynamics of riverbeds during flooding Relationship between environmental Assessment and design of sustainable problems and the social economy resource and waste management systems

Professor / John C. WELLS Professor / Koji AMANO Professor / Seiji HASHIMOTO Recently flooding damage due to hurricanes (typhoons) has With the environment you cannot just say “Clear up the water!” Development of a socioeconomic system that cyclically uses been increasing due to changes in the global environment. or “Recycle waste!” Because humans do live on the earth the limited earth resources at an appropriate level is an important Hence river engineering, especially forecasting of flooding and water has become polluted and waste discharged. The impor- task to achieve a sustainable society, given an increasing and sediment disasters, have been growing in importance. In the tant thing is to think about maintaining a good balance. An im- increasingly wealthy global population. Our laboratory intends fluid mechanics laboratory, we perform research on turbulent portant concept here is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that to conduct research that contributes to the development of flow in rivers, and on the basic processes of sand particle mo- can be used to evaluate various problems with consideration such a socioeconomic system from the viewpoint of a systems tion on river beds. given to the whole life cycle (or from the cradle to the grave). analysis approach. Our work will answer the following questions The “bedforms” on a river-bed (for example the “sand wave” Global environment problems are especially complicated and confronting Japan and the world: known as a “dune”) is formed by erosion and deposition of par- you are damned if you do and Potatoes 15% - What is sustainable resource and waste management? How ticles by flowing water. Dunes are important, because they can damned if you don’t. This envi- Japanese should progress to a sustainable resource and waste man- block the flow of floodwaters, causing the river to overflow its Other Demand for radishes 9% ronmental system laboratory is agement be measured and assessed? banks. To better understand how dunes form, we are develop- 40% domestic products: 17.1 Cabbages 7% a “convenience store for envi- ing a computer simulation of erosion and deposition at a river- million tons - What is the status of material cycles in our society? What will (based on Onions 6% ronmental problems” that pro- bed. The method is similar to the computer simulations of the gross food) it be in the future? What technological systems of resource Mandarin motes research using the airflow in the atmosphere that are used in weather forecasts. oranges 6% and waste management should be developed? Cucumbers Chinese cabbages 5% abovementioned LCA method. We are also developing ad- 4% - What are people’s attitudes related to sustainable resource Tomatoes 4% Apples 4% Characteristic of it is that we vanced measurement technol- and waste management? What social systems such as regu- Potatoes 7% Japanese radishes 4% are carrying out research in ac- ogy to check the simulations. Cabbages 4% lations and incentives Onions 3% cordance to the demands of should be developed for Other Mandarin society by importing all the GHG oranges 7% 41% emissions: the formation of sustain- approximately Chinese possible academic fields that ■World’s first “bedload DNS” developed at 127,000 tons cabbages 2% able resource and waste Ritsumeikan University. of CO2eq could be necessary, regardless Apples 4% management? In order to clarify bedload phenomenon a Naganegi Tomatoes 8% of specific expertise. “direct” numerical simulation method that onions 3% Cucumbers 6% can handle heavily-concentrated solid- Pears 4% Strawberries 7% liquid two-phase turbulent flow, Direct Numerical Simulation; (“DNS”) was ■Emission of greenhouse effect gas (GHG) caused by the demand for domestic fruit ■Waste and resource issues are in- developed. and vegetables and their consumption creasingly convergent.

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Evaluation and control of air quality/ Phenomenon analysis for use in malodors formulating environmental management Department of Environmental Systems Engineering plans and a policy analysis method

Professor / Takashi HIGUCHI Professor / Atsushi ICHIKI Measurement techniques to evaluate air quality and odors, Lake Biwa, for example, has a vast water catchment area with especially using human sense of smell, is studied. In Japan, the 100 or more large and small rivers flowing into it, thus making use of “olfactory measurement” to assess malodors has been comprehension of the contaminant outflow and outflow established by legislation, and the purpose of this study is to characteristics of the water catchment area necessary in find the way of its application to comprehensive evaluations of formulating appropriate water management policy to conserve water quality and carrying out concrete facility developments to air quality in the environment. controlling the outflow load of contaminants. We are therefore And, a biological treatment system is being developed for use clarifying the existing characteristics of contaminants, their in removing gaseous organic compounds (VOCs or Volatile behavior characterization that includes generation, Organic Compounds), which are major air pollutants currently, accumulation and outflow, and the mechanism of pollution, and and odorants. This equipment is generally known as “biological working at making inspections and suggestions of appropriate deodorization” or “biofiltration,” and our research is focusing on water management policy using policy simulations and an high efficiency of pollutants removal and on fine control of environmental management model. Some concrete research microbial activity and biomass growth to achieve its practical themes are given below. ・Dynamics analysis of contaminating substances/small use. amounts of harmful substances in urban or agricultural land ・Existing evaluations of urban activity-derived air-pollution substances ・Ecological risk evaluations of small amounts of harmful substance that exist in the environment ・Development of a contaminant outflow management support system for the water catchment area of Lake Biwa and evaluation of its availability ・Water quality formation process for Lake Biwa and its model

■Air sample at a spot of roadside is ■A pilot apparatus of biofiltration system collected. Pollution level of the target for the preparation of its practical use. air is evaluated using both human Unique structures are equipped in gas- noses and instruments. flow and filter material (patent has been ■Scene of river water quality survey from a ship approved) in the Kapuas river in Indonesia

29 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 30 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Physicochemical processing method for Water treatment and lake management 1. Impact assessment to water resource and Implementation of intelligent transport ecosystems by global climate changes safe tap water 2. Model development and field application of an systems for sustainable society Integrated Lake Basin Management method 3. Vulnerability analysis of sea level rise, storm surge, and tsunami Professor / Naoyuki KAMIKO Professor / Jun NAKAJIMA Lecturer / Keisuke SATO Lecturer / Yasuhiro SHIOMI Running water is essential in our lives as we are use it for cook- We aim to contribute to the welfare of human society by pro- There are serious water resource problems in the world. With Transportation systems are one of the most essential infrastruc- ing, doing the laundry, bathing, and for drinking. moting recognition of aquatic pollution, clarification of its cause forecasts of global warming and climate change intensifying in tures for our social activities and daily life. However, in densely However, it has recently been discovered that a disease organ- and mechanism, and basic/applied research on technology for the future, safe and steady water supply will become more diffi- populated area, traffic congestion, air pollution, traffic accidents ism called cryptosporidium could be threatening the safety of purification and mitigation. cult for people and industries. It is therefore necessary to pro- and delayed public transportation annoy our daily life, while, in water. Cryptosporidium gets discharged from infected warm- ● Lake Biwa group: This group is researching the behavior of pose effective management techniques in our country that rely rural area, city area has been widely spreading due to motoriza- phosphorus that flows into the lake from the drainage basin on the import of food and energy resources. In our laboratory, blooded animals to survive and propagate in another warm- tion and the city center has been empty. It causes our society by measuring the phosphorus, which then enables biological field investigation from lake Biwa and the Aso basin and experi- blooded animal within a shell that is immune to disinfectant like utilization that causes eutrophication of the lake. They are mental measurement of pollution loads are carried out. More- to decline sustainability, livability, and eco-friendliness. Our mis- chlorine. also involved in a collaborative investigation with Shiga Pre- over, an Integrated Simulation Model of atmosphere-soil-water- sion is to come up with smart and optimal transportation sys- Something that cryptosporidium is not immune to though is fecture and research on Lake Biwa and its lagoons. sediment has been developed. We use information technology, tems with “intelligence” and to achieve livable society. The fun- water being irradiated with ultraviolet light. However, if the ●Arsenic group: This group is clarifying the mechanism of ar- such as the latest global information obtained from GIS and damental research consists of the following three steps; i) amount of ultraviolet light is too small the disinfection process senic polluting groundwater and researching a sustainable satellites RS as an applicable method all over the world. Prob- getting better knowledge about the nature of transportation can be insufficient, but if too much is used the equipment or water supply system in cooperation with a university and lem structures of water resource are comparatively analyzed in network dynamics, ii) developing methods to acquire these in- operation can be uneconomical. We are carrying out various in- NGO in Bangladesh. They are also measuring the amounts of various regions. Additionally, by considering the limitation and sights, and iii) using this knowledge to come up with innovative spections for use in the appropriate design and operation of ul- coli phage etc in water for use as a hygiene index. They also environmental capacity in each region, new environmental poli- traffic management approaches. The current research topics carry out field investigations. cies are designed and evaluated quantitatively. Our final goal is traviolet disinfection. include modeling traffic flow and driving behavior, developing ●Water reclamation group: This group is researching advanced to suggest more sustainable water resource management tech- traffic data collection technique and advanced freeway man- processing technology niques. for wastewater reclama- agement systems, and tion and reuse. Mem- analyzing safety and effi- brane bioreactor is in- ciency of mixed traffic in vestigated for decrease Asian mega-cities, and of its membrane fouling so on. risk.

■A Petri dish containing micro- ■What technology would be useful to ■Variable message sing for traffic organisms is sterilized using children who drink groundwater ■A Bird’s eye view of lake Baringo basin with GIS and Remote sensing, and a photo information provision in the an ultraviolet lamp. polluted by arsenic? of the field investigation Netherlands.

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Development and application of Landscape planning for creating Development of technology in the field of environmentally-friendly construction sustainable regions construction and its application to other Department of Environmental Systems Engineering material and its compounding technique fields

Professor / Takahisa OKAMOTO Associate Professor / Yasuyuki SASATANI Professor / Kazuyoshi TATEYAMA We are conducting research on the following topics: We are carrying out fieldwork in cooperation with the inhabit- We are carrying out research on the development of technology (1) Creation of a new sounding body made with a cement-based hardened ants, companies, and elementary school students etc around for use in the field of construction, centering on civil engineering body, which is in harmony with environmental education our university in rediscovering the attractive resources that are works, and in the field of architecture, and are working at the - Development of manufacturing technology for new string and wind inherent to the region and proposing the creation of environ- utilization of these research accomplishments in other fields instruments using a high-performance cement-based hardened body. mental towns and landscapes etc. As one method we are trying such as agriculture. More concretely, we are developing intelli- (An alpenhorn and pipe organ made of concrete won the prizes at the gent construction technology for implementing sophisticated, 2008 and 2009 handcrafted instrument contest in Japan.) to make presentations to the general public so that they can but flexible construction and management according to the rel- - Quantitative evaluation of the healing effect of the new sounding body on comprehend the future image of their region easier by combin- evant field conditions. We are doing this by introducing the lat- humans: evaluation of the healing effect of the music generated using a ing and registering photos, videos, animation and audio etc on est information and communication technology into construc- cement-based hardened body instrument through organoleptic computerized maps and creating the content mixed with me- tion practices, minimizing the energy and resources needed for assessment (holding concerts etc.). dia. More concretely we are reproducing the past landscape of (2) Promoting the reproduction of folk houses, taking into consideration the the construction work, by developing technology for use in con- regional characteristics, comfort and earthquake protection. the town using old maps or photos and the current landscape structing cavities such as tunnels under the ground instanta- - Investigation of the historical and cultural value of folk houses constructed with three-dimensional graphics and displaying the landscape neously using impact waves, by researching ways to predict the using traditional Japanese construction materials and technology, of a sustainable society for the future in three dimensions using subsidence due to the ground failure of family homes and how evaluation and analysis of natural energy utilization by folk houses. those characteristics. We are also proposing circulative com- to prevent it from taking place, by suggesting environmentally (3) Resolving environmental problems using multi-hole cement-based posite space utilization as a supply center of food and energy, friendly plant factories that make maximum use of solar energy, hardened bodies (porous concrete). conservation of national land such as through recharging water and by researching the utilization of management methods ap- - Plantimal and water-purification utilizing porous concrete: suggestion of a sources, conservation of life’s diversity, the economic base of plied in the field of construction for agri- plantimal construction method that utilizes natural power. culture and food supply, etc. In addition, (4) Development of concrete for early open type pavement regions, and fields for rec- we are creating academic material in or- - Developing early open type concrete pavement technology where large reational activities in the parts of the material can be covered countryside and mountains der to introduce the amusingness of sci- with domestic limestone, and estimating near towns that have vari- ence courses to elementary, junior high, and high school students using topics their life cycle, cost, and life cycle ous values. assessment. from the field of construction starting this year.

■The alpenhorn made of concrete being ■Registration of a future images fabricated. The motto of our daily activity in the drawn by elementary school ■Carrying out a ground investigation in order to predict laboratory is “bright, happy and strong”. students is supported. the subsidence of a building in a housing lot

31 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 32 Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Department of Architecture and Urban Design Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Architecture/urban environmental Architectural design process Providing new design methodologies for Morphological Analysis and Planning of engineering, architectural equipment, architecture and working on practical Architectural/Urban Space environment coexistence architectural projects

Professor / Tomoyuki CHIKAMOTO Professor / Kazuhiro HIRAO Associate Professor / Shinsaku MUNEMOTO Professor / Kiyoaki OIKAWA We are carrying out research on the design of architecture and The concept and academic field of a “design process” exists The purpose of our laboratory is to provide design methodolo- We are developing theories for use in objectively describing, an- cities/city blocks that can coexist with the environment, clarify- with architecture and product design. It is a concept that gies for architecture that are based on human senses and be- alyzing and evaluating the characteristics of spatial forms and ing humans comfort/physiological phenomenon, and the estab- evolved in the US and Germany in the 1960s, with researches havior. For many designers it is difficult to explain these ideas structures in built environments such as cities and buildings lishment of a low-carbon society. on it having been carried out in the fields of industrial and archi- clearly. Even though there are already many basic, established from the point of view of morphology and geometry. We are (1) Human-clarification of comfort/physiological phenomenon: We clarify the comfort and physiological phenomenon people tecture design. theories on architectural planning and design, the conceptual- also researching methods of applying it in actual urban planning experience through architecture and various spaces in cities in Design cannot not promoted without a plan and is generally im- ization of a design is primarily based on one’s personal sense and architectural design. The research themes we are currently studying the architecture and urban spaces people feel com- plemented with targets: (1) efficient allocation of time, (2) gener- and knowledge base without obvious evidence. In response to working on are given below. fortable with. ation of ingenious ideas, (3) smooth formation of agreement this, our laboratory is trying to incorporate the modeling of hu- (1) Architecture/urban space analysis: We are attempting to (2) Architecture-energy saving efforts: with client/transmission of the intent of the design, (4) expres- man feelings, eye motion and brain activities into design meth- portray the spatial characteristics of buildings, urban facility We are promoting the development of next-generation air-con- ditioning/heat source systems that balance energy saving with sive presentation etc according to the plan. Performance can ods for the solution of such problems. We are also working on allocation, land use, urban landscape, the flows of people comfort and an eco-campus in addition to making suggestions be improved by intentionally following these processes toward practical architectural projects and international competitions as and cars, and visible areas etc. on and evaluating new merchant houses in Kyoto utilizing tradi- a specific result. From the methodology given above we focus another avenue towards developing methodologies for the de- (2) Research and analysis on traditional dwellings and cities of tional knowledge and environmental coexistence type architec- on the expression technique such as in making sketches and sign of new architecture. the world: We are carrying out field investigations on the ture. invocation via the means of the imagination that are evolving in dwellings inherent to regions in comparing the correspon- (3) City-safe city blocks/city designs that take the environment into consideration: We are evaluating and researching urban greening and city the planning field etc and carrying out research on verifying the dence between natural and social environment conditions block designs that lead to control of the heat island affect. efficiency of the process- and mutual spatial composition and positively researching (4) Earth-aiming at a low-carbon society: es using actual projects the characteristics of dwelling culture. We are aiming at the realization of being a low-carbon society and competitions. (3) Practice of spatial planning: We are continuing to design by establishing a model that in- houses, schools and commer- corporates traffic and transpor- cial buildings, and with our in- tation in addition to architecture and cities. volvement in a reorganization project of urban space.

■Researching reduction of heat island affect ■Scene of various activities such as the cre- by reproducing a city in an experimental ation of a research article, creation of archi- wind tunnel laboratory ■Project model ■Discussion of projects making models and drawings tecture/urban project drawing/model

Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Research/Development Areas Towards a new studio education model Buildings Production, Construction Landscape Architecture-planning/design of Logical structural design method based on expanding the domain of architectural Materials and Structural design outdoor space principles of mechanics profession Studio Design Laboratory Associate Professor / Tohru HORIGUCHI Professor / Yasuhide MOCHIDA Associate Professor / Shiro TAKEDA Associate Professor / Shinta YOSHITOMI Domain of architectural profession has been constantly chang- In a design process and the construction process of the building, we Landscape Architecture involves the planning and design of The structural design is not only related to the external form or

ing. Reflecting this situation, architectural design education has perform the original actions that are specialized in each. And we con- outdoor spaces, and include small scale spaces such as gar- internal space of buildings but also connected directly with the Department of Architecture and Urban Design also been changing. These changes both in the domain of tinue working hard to adapt to the demand of the times enough. I dens and large scale spaces such as green areas in parks and safety to various turbulences such as the winds or earthquakes, practice and education are accelerated recently, and some ar- contribute to the society by building the convenient facilities and un- street landscape etc. Differing to architecture plants are impor- usabilities, and the construction costs. precedented huge space. Lately, we do not only construct new build- chitects are expanding their domain of practice through their tant material in those plans and design, and particularly in the Especially, the necessity ofadequate evaluation of the aseismic ings. The preservation of an old building, the creation of the long- projects while some architectural schools are exploring new case of large-scale outdoor spaces, it is frequently accompa- capacity for the built structure has risen caused by receiving the lived building and the consideration to natural environments become nied by public use. In modern society the system of belonging influence of the large earthquakes that happen frequently in re- possibility and role of architect and experimenting it through the important. My present studies relate to the communication and man- to a community, which is deeply rooted in a place, being lost cent years. educational projects. The interest and the mission of this labo- agement in the construction. For example, the research and develop- because of the effect of urbanization and environmental prob- In our laboratory, the technique based on the structural me- ratory reside in this changing situation of architectural profes- ment on method of the earthquake reinforcement including seismic lems etc. can be seen, and what is more there is no such sys- chanics principle is researched in order to support a logical sion and architectural education. This laboratory aims to con- Isolation retrofit. The maintenance by the dry crazing control technol- tem of voluntary green space management such as that in agri- structural design that appropriately considers such various ac- duct research of different education system both domestically ogy of concrete structures. The development of relays such as a car- bon fiber rod using the thermoplastic resin or the high-strength fiber cultural societies. Because of this we are researching how tual conditions. and internationally, and also to establish and manage experi- composition laminated lumber. Application of information and com- public outdoor spaces that everybody can feel to be their own Logical structural design methods are proposed based on opti- mental education program through various exchange program munication technology in the quality control of the ground improve- space should be planned, with maintenance and management mization of cost minimization or performance miximization con- with the domain of practice and also with other technological ment body using electric ratio resistance investigation. being important issues. Also, we are actively participating in de- sidering various phase of structural design such as determina- domains. sign contests as a laboratory as a practical concrete design tion of the shape of building structure and the size of each planning activity. material, or designing aseismatic and the vibration control sys- tem. Moreover, to evaluatethe aseismic capacity of actual buildings, it researches concerning the system identification approach that clarifies the perfor- ■Fabrication scene. At the mance of structure landscape design labora- based on the vibration tory presentation of proj- ects using drawings and measurement in the models is also carried out building. ■Production scenery of the carbon fiber rod speci- ■Visit scenery of concrete placing work in addition to research ar- men of the impregnation in thermoplastic resin ticles.

33 Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future Ritsumeikan University Powering the Future 34