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Download Thesis A critical assessment of J. N. Darby’s translation work by Gilles Despins A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology South African Theological Seminary May 2015 Promotor: Prof. Frank Jabini John Nelson Darby 1800 – 1882 © Bibliothèque publique et universitaire, Neuchâtel, Suisse DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this dissertation is my own original work and has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted to any institution for a degree. Gilles Despins Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel, 13 May 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my gratitude first to my promotor, Frank Jabini, who first encouraged me to write this dissertation, and who never ceased to do so throughout the writing process. I am also particularly grateful to the following people for their very special contribution in providing advices, resources, and various kinds of help for this research (in alphabetical order): Christian Aeberli of Éditions Bibles et Littérature Chrétienne (Switzerland), Martin Arhelger (Germany), Rob Bradshaw (UK), Pierre- Henri Chevalley (Switzerland), Ian Deighan (Ireland), Neil Dickson of The Brethren Archivists and Historians Network (UK), Samuel Gutknecht (Canada), Emma ten Haaken (Netherlands), K. Martin Heide (Germany), Arthur Hodgett (UK), Les Hodgett (UK), Steve Huebner of Present Truth Publishers (USA), Carl Johnson of The International Society of Bible Collectors (USA), Graham Johnson, archivist at The Christian Brethren Archives at the University of Manchester (UK), John Kaiser of Bible Truth Publishers (USA), Pierre Koechlin of Bibles et Publications Chrétiennes (France), Peter Larribau (France), Serge Liachenko (France), Roger Liebi (Switzerland), Peter Lineham (New Zealand), Samuel Mcbride (UK), Willem Ouweneel (Netherlands), Benedikt Peters (Switzerland), Pierre-Étienne and Anne- Claude Pfister (RD Congo), Sylvain Porchet (Switzerland), Judith Powles of The Spurgeon’s College (UK), Arend Remmers of The Bibelmuseum (Germany), David C. Smith of The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (USA), Timothy Stunt (UK), Neil Summerton of The Brethren Archivists and Historians Network (UK), Russel Sutherland (Canada), Peter Trevvett (UK), and Ruth Ward of The Bible League (USA). I also wish to thank the following people for their hospitality during my researches in foreign countries: Graham and Angela Cooper of Manchester (UK), Andreas and Angelika Bode of Les Mureaux (France), Mark and Véronique Schibli of Morsbach (Germany), Jean-Charles and Dominique Letourneau of Ville-la-Grand (France), and Nathanaël and Claudine Bourgeois of Ballaigues (Switzerland). Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my wife and our children, for their loving and patient support. Abstract John Nelson Darby’s translations of the Bible, either in German, French, or English, have the reputation of being extremely literal, in accordance with the translator’s purpose to produce faithful translations that would serve as study tool for God’s people, particularly the poor. However, a simple comparison of these three translations clearly reveals that the French translation is not as literal as the German or English ones. Therefore, this study examines the reasons for that difference and sets the basis for a revision of Darby’s French translation of the New Testament in view of making it a unique and very useful study tool, particularly for Majority World Bible students. The study begins with the reconstruction of the history of Darby’s translation work by gathering data principally from biographies, historical books, and Darby’s own writings including his personal letters. Then it proceeds with the identification of both the purpose and principles of his translation work, drawing data from the same resources, along with the prefaces to his different translations. This is followed by an examination of the Greek text used by Darby in his translation work. Finally, the study presents the basis for a revision of Darby’s French translation of the New Testament, concluding with a suggested revision of the Book of Revelation. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Objective ............................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Delimitations ...................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Design ............................................................................................................... 4 1.5.1 Prefaces to Darby’s different translations .................................................... 4 1.5.2 Biographies of Darby .................................................................................. 5 1.5.3 Darby’s Collected Writings ........................................................................... 5 1.5.4 Bible translations in different languages ...................................................... 5 1.5.5 Books of the history of the Bible and other related topics ............................ 6 1.5.6 Internet sources ........................................................................................... 6 1.6 Overview ............................................................................................................ 6 2. The History of Darby’s Translation Work ........................................................... 8 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Darby’s dissatisfaction with existing Bible versions at his time ........................ 14 2.2.1 Darby’s dissatisfaction with German translations ...................................... 14 2.2.2 Darby’s dissatisfaction with French translations ........................................ 15 2.2.3 Darby’s dissatisfaction with English translations ........................................ 17 2.2.4 Summary ................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Darby’s collaborators in his translation work .................................................... 20 2.3.1 Darby’s collaborators for the German translation ...................................... 20 2.3.2 Darby’s collaborators for the French translation ........................................ 22 2.3.3 Darby’s collaborators for the English translation ........................................ 25 2.4 The history of Darby’s translations................................................................... 28 2.4.1 The history of Darby’s German translation ................................................ 28 2.4.2 The history of Darby’s French translation .................................................. 36 2.4.3 The history of Darby’s English translation .................................................. 47 2.4.4 The history of some translations based on Darby’s translation work ......... 55 2.4.4.1 The history of the Dutch translation ..................................................... 55 2.4.4.2 The history of the Italian translation ..................................................... 58 2.4.4.3 The history of the Swedish translation ................................................. 61 2.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 63 3. The Purpose of Darby’s Translation Work ....................................................... 64 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 64 3.2 The purpose of Darby’s translation work in his writings ................................... 65 3.3 The purpose of Darby’s translations ................................................................ 66 3.3.1 The purpose of Darby’s German translation .............................................. 66 3.3.2 The purpose of Darby’s French translation ................................................ 70 3.3.3 The purpose of Darby’s English translation ............................................... 73 3.3.4 The purpose of Darby’s translations in other languages ............................ 76 3.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 77 4. The Principles of Darby’s Translation Work .................................................... 79 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 79 4.2 Darby’s understanding of the doctrine of divine inspiration .............................. 80 4.3 Darby’s critique of other translations................................................................ 85 4.3.1 Darby’s critique of translation theory and some translation decisions........ 85 4.3.2 Darby’s critique of textual criticism issues ................................................. 87 4.4 Darby’s principles of translation ....................................................................... 88 4.4.1 Darby’s principles of translation according to various authors ................... 88 4.4.2 Darby’s principles of translation ................................................................
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