DOCSLIB.ORG

Laboratory Parasitism by Phymastichus Coffea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Upon Non-Target Bark Beetles Associated with Coffee Plantations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Laboratory Parasitism by Phymastichus Coffea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Upon Non-Target Bark Beetles Associated with Coffee Plantations 274 Florida Entomologist 87(3) September 2004 LABORATORY PARASITISM BY PHYMASTICHUS COFFEA (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) UPON NON-TARGET BARK BEETLES ASSOCIATED WITH COFFEE PLANTATIONS ALFREDO CASTILLO1, FRANCISCO INFANTE1, GUILLERMO LÓPEZ1, JAVIER TRUJILLO2, LAWRENCE R. KIRKENDALL3 AND FERNANDO E. VEGA4 1El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5. Tapachula 30700 Chiapas, Mexico 2Colegio de Posgraduados, Instituto de Fitosanidad, Montecillo, 56230 Edo. de México, Mexico 3Institute of Zoology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway 4Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville, Maryland, 20705-2350, USA ABSTRACT Phymastichus coffea (LaSalle) is an African parasitoid of adults of the coffee berry borer Hy- pothenemus hampei (Ferrari) that has been introduced to Mexico and other Central and South American countries for the biological control of this important pest. The present study assessed the host specificity of this parasitoid in the laboratory. We tested the acceptance and parasitism of P. coffea on five species of bark beetle adults commonly found in coffee plantations of Mexico: Hypothenemus crudiae, H. plumeriae, H. eruditus, Scolytodes borealis and Araptus fossifrons. As a control, we used adults of H. hampei, the natural host. P. coffea parasitized and successfully completed its life cycle in H. crudiae and H. eruditus, as well as in H. hampei. The degree to which bark beetles were attacked by P. coffea was estimated by percent of parasitism, which was 64% for H. hampei, 14% for H. crudiae, and 6% for H. eru- ditus. The risk of potential deleterious effects of the parasitoid on non-target organisms in coffee agroecosystems is discussed. Key Words: Host specificity, Phymastichus, Hypothenemus, Scolytodes, Araptus, Mexico. RESUMEN Phymastichus coffea (LaSalle) es un parasitoide africano de adultos de la broca del café Hy- pothenemus hampei (Ferrari) que ha sido introducido a México y otros países de Centro y Sudamérica para el control biológico de esta importante plaga. El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo con la finalidad de evaluar la especificidad de huéspedes de este parasitoide en el lab- oratorio. Se probó la aceptación y parasitismo de P. coffea sobre adultos de cinco especies de descortezadores comúnmente encontrados en plantaciones de café de México: Hypothenemus crudiae, H. plumeriae, H. eruditus, Scolytodes borealis y Araptus fossifrons. Como control se usaron adultos de H. hampei (hospedero natural). P. coffea parasitó y completó exitosamente su ciclo biológico en sólo dos especies de escolítidos, H. crudiae y H. eruditus, además de H. hampei. El grado en el cual los descortezadores fueron atacados por P. coffea fue estimado por el porcentaje de parasitismo el cual fue de 64% para H. hampei, 14% para H. crudiae, y 6% para H. eruditus. Es discutido el riesgo de los efectos negativos potenciales de este par- asitoide sobre organismos no blanco en agroecosistemas de café. Translation provided by the authors. Phymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera: tion, having been collected from east Africa Eulophidae) is a primary parasitoid of the coffee (Kenya) and west Africa (Togo, Benin, Cameroon, berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Fer- Burundi, and Ivory Coast) (Infante et al. 1992). rari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), the most devastat- So far, this parasitoid has been introduced to cof- ing pest of coffee throughout the world (Baker fee producing countries, such as Colombia, Guate- 1999). This parasitoid, indigenous to Africa, was mala, Honduras, Jamaica, El Salvador, Ecuador, first recorded in 1987 from Togo parasitizing the India, Brazil and Mexico for biological control CBB (Borbon-Martínez 1989), and subsequently purposes (Castillo, unpublished data). This spe- was described as a new species (LaSalle 1990). cies is the only known parasitoid of adults of CBB, Phymastichus coffea has a pan-African distribu- and is considered to be a potentially useful tool in Castillo et al.: Parasitism by P. coffea upon Non-target Bark Beetles 275 integrated pest management programs against been collected from dozens of host species. The Sc- H. hampei (López-Vaamonde & Moore 1998; olytodes breeds only in fallen Cecropia leaves Baker 1999). (Jordal 1998). Araptus fossifrons Wood, a Me- Eulophidae is one of the largest families in Hy- soamerican species previously collected from vari- menoptera with nearly 4000 described species ous seed pods and lianas (Wood & Bright 1992), (Noyes 1998; Gauthier et al. 2000). The subfamily was captured using CBB traps (Dufour 2002). Tetrastichinae, to which P. coffea belongs, has an extraordinarily wide host range and exhibits a Experimental Procedure great variety of life styles. Members of this sub- family attack over 100 families of insects, as well The host specificity of P. coffea was evaluated as mites, spider eggs, and even nematodes (J. La- in the laboratory in a non-choice test. Fifty speci- Salle, pers. comm.). Despite the fact that P. coffea mens of each species were placed individually in has already been imported and released in vari- 40 × 10 mm glass vials and immediately after- ous countries of the Americas, it is important to wards, a P. coffea female was introduced. The in- determine whether this parasitoid can attack sects were observed for five hours under a 20W non-target scolytids. fluorescent lamp. We considered oviposition to The objective of this study was to test the host have occurred when the female parasitoid specificity of P. coffea in the laboratory with six adopted a characteristic ovipositing position on bark beetles species commonly found in coffee the elytra of the scolytids (López-Vaamonde & plantations of Mexico, with H. hampei serving as Moore 1998). Hosts attacked by P. coffea were the control. A previous study in Colombia reported transferred individually into vials containing that P. coffea was able to parasitize H. obscurus, CBB diet (Villacorta & Barrera 1996) and para- H. seriatus, and Araptus sp. in the laboratory (Ló- sitization was assessed based on the emergence of pez-Vaamonde & Moore 1998). We included differ- the progeny, or by dissecting the hosts that did ent species than those examined in Colombia; not yield parasitoids. We also recorded the time thus, this study serves to further elucidate the po- required for the encounter (defined as the time tential risk of P. coffea for non-target scolytids. elapsed between the release of the parasitoid in the arena until it assumed the characteristic ovi- positing position on the beetle), and the handling MATERIALS AND METHODS time (defined as the time elapsed between the en- Parasitoids counter and the end of parasitization). Environ- mental conditions of the laboratory during the We used mated females of P. coffea, which were development of parasitoid’s progeny were 26 ± less than 1h old from the time they emerged from 2°C and 70-80% RH. CBBs. The parasitoids were obtained from a col- ony established in the laboratory in March of Taxonomy 2000. The colony was initiated with insects im- ported from Guatemala with methodology de- Samples of the species used were compared by scribed by Infante et al. (1994). Adult CBB Kirkendall with type material, or with specimens females obtained from the field were used for par- in his collection or in the S. L. Wood collection asitoid rearing. The insect colony is normally which had been compared with type material. maintained at 26 ± 2°C, 75 ± 10% RH and 8:16 Vouchers for all species are in Kirkendall’s collec- (L:D) photoperiod. tion at University of Bergen, Norway. Hosts RESULTS We offered six species of bark beetles collected Oviposition attempts by P. coffea were ob- as adults in coffee plantations near Tapachula, served on all scolytid species tested, but parasiti- Chiapas to adults of P. coffea in the laboratory. The zation and development of progeny was parasitoid was never released in the plantations completed on only two species of bark beetles, in where we collected the bark beetles. To minimize addition to H. hampei (Fig. 1). The percentage the risk, the CBBs were obtained by dissecting parasitism for H. hampei, H. crudiae, and H. eru- infested coffee fruits from the field, while we ditus was 64%, 14% and 6%, respectively (Table collected Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, 1). We did not detect any oviposition by P. coffea in Hypothenemus crudiae (Panzer), Hypothenemus S. borealis, H. plumeriae, and A. fossifrons, nor plumeriae (Nordlinger), and Scolytodes borealis did we find adult or immature stages of the para- Jordal from petioles of Cecropia sp. leaves. The sitoid after hosts were dissected. Sex ratio of three Hypothenemus species we used are wide- progeny produced by P. coffea in the three species spread and co-occur with Coffea spp. where the was 1:1. The shortest encounter time was be- latter are native (Wood 1982; Wood & Bright tween P. coffea and H. hampei (mean = 23 min). 1992). They are extremely polyphagous, and have Encounter time was 5-6 times longer when para- 276 Florida Entomologist 87(3) September 2004 Fig. 1. Adults of three species of scolytids parasitized by Phymastichus coffea in the laboratory, showing the hole made by the emerging wasp adult: (A) H. hampei (B) H. eruditus and (C) H. crudiae. sitization was on H. crudiae or H. eruditus. How- demonstrated in the field later on (Barron et al. ever, the handling time was shorter (1.5 min) in 2003; Babendreier et al. 2003b). Accordingly, par- H. eruditus than in the other hosts. In most cases asitism by P. coffea on H. crudiae and H. eruditus P. coffea allocated more than two eggs per host af- in the laboratory does not necessarily mean that ter a single attack. Development of immature these beetles will be attacked by this parasitoid in stages of the parasitoid ranged from 39 to 42.6 the field. Careful observations under field condi- days (Table 1). tions should be carried out before concluding that these beetles are alternative hosts of P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hypothenemus Hampei)
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title A coffee agroecosystem model: III. Parasitoids of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hc9c6jc Authors Rodríguez, D Cure, JR Gutierrez, AP et al. Publication Date 2017-11-10 DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.08.008 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Ecological Modelling 363 (2017) 96–110 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Modelling j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolmodel A coffee agroecosystem model: III. Parasitoids of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) a,b,∗ a,b b,c d Daniel Rodríguez , José Ricardo Cure , Andrew Paul Gutierrez , José Miguel Cotes a Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cr. 11 No. 101-80, Bogotá, Colombia b 1 Center for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, USA c College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, USA d Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Calle 59A No 63-20, Medellín, Colombia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Parasitoids native to tropical Africa have been released in the Americas for the biological control of the Received 10 January 2017 coffee berry borer (CBB), but their establishment has been checkered. A tritrophic distributed maturation Received in revised form 8 August 2017 time model for the coffee plant – CBB – three parasitoids (Phymastichus coffea, Cephalonomia stephanoderis, Accepted 9 August 2017 Prorops nasuta) system was proposed by Gutierrez et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea
    Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013 Taxonomic Paper Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea Natalie Dale-Skey‡, Richard R. Askew§‡, John S. Noyes , Laurence Livermore‡, Gavin R. Broad | ‡ The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § private address, France, France | The Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 02 Feb 2016 | Accepted: 05 May 2016 | Published: 06 Jun 2016 Citation: Dale-Skey N, Askew R, Noyes J, Livermore L, Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013. doi: 10.3897/ BDJ.4.e8013 Abstract Background A revised checklist of the British and Irish Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known. New information A total of 1754 British and Irish Chalcidoidea species represents a 22% increase on the number of British species known in 1978. Keywords Chalcidoidea, Mymarommatoidea, fauna. © Dale-Skey N et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Dale-Skey N et al. Introduction This paper continues the series of checklists of the Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland, starting with Broad and Livermore (2014a), Broad and Livermore (2014b) and Liston et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 01 CON ISBCA3 Copy COVER
    BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF COFFEE BERRY BORER: THE ROLE OF DNA-BASED GUT-CONTENT ANALYSIS IN ASSESSMENT OF PREDATION Eric G. Chapman1, Juliana Jaramillo2, 3, Fernando E. Vega4, & James D. Harwood1 1 Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington KY 40546-0091, U.S.A., [email protected]; [email protected]; 2 International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) P.O.Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya. 3Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse. 2, 30419 Hannover - Germany. [email protected]; 4Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Building 001, Beltsville MD 20705, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT. The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, is the most important pest of coffee worldwide, causing an estimated $500 million in damage annually. Infestation rates from 50-90% have been reported, significantly impacting coffee yields. Adult female H. hampei bore into the berry and lay eggs whose larvae hatch and spend their entire larval life within the berry, feeding on the coffee bean, lowering its quality and sometimes causing abscission. Biological control of H. hampei using parasitoids, fungi and nematodes has been reported but potential predators such as ants and predatory thrips, which have been observed in and around the coffee berries, have received little attention. This study reviews previous H. hampei biological control efforts and focuses on the role of predators in H. hampei biological control, an area in which tracking trophic associations by direct observation is not possible in part due to the cryptic nature of the biology of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Target Effects of Insect Biocontrol Agents and Trends in Host Specificity Since 1985
    CAB Reviews 2016 11, No. 044 Non-target effects of insect biocontrol agents and trends in host specificity since 1985 Roy Van Driesche*1 and Mark Hoddle2 Address: 1 Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9285, USA. 2 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. *Correspondence: Roy Van Driesche, Email: [email protected] Received: 6 October 2016 Accepted: 7 November 2016 doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201611044 The electronic version of this article is the definitive one. It is located here: http://www.cabi.org/cabreviews © CAB International 2016 (Online ISSN 1749-8848) Abstract Non-target impacts of parasitoids and predaceous arthropods used for classical biological control of invasive insects include five types of impact: (1) direct attacks on native insects; (2) negative foodweb effects, such as competition for prey, apparent competition, or displacement of native species; (3) positive foodweb effects that benefited non-target species; (4) hybridization of native species with introduced natural enemies; and (5) attacks on introduced weed biocontrol agents. Examples are presented and the commonness of effects discussed. For the most recent three decades (1985–2015), analysis of literature on the host range information for 158 species of parasitoids introduced in this period showed a shift in the third decade (2005–2015) towards a preponderance of agents with an index of genus-level (60%) or species-level (8%) specificity (with only 12% being assigned a family-level or above index of specificity) compared with the first and second decades, when 50 and 40% of introductions had family level or above categorizations of specificity and only 21–27 (1985–1994 and 1995–2004, respectively) with genus or 1–11% (1985–1994 and 1995–2004, respectively) with species-level specificity.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 March 2013, 381 P
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273257107 Mason, P. G., D. R. Gillespie & C. Vincent (Eds.) 2013. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Pucón, Chile, 4-8 March 2013, 381 p. CONFERENCE PAPER · MARCH 2013 DOWNLOADS VIEWS 626 123 3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Peter Mason Charles Vincent Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 96 PUBLICATIONS 738 CITATIONS 239 PUBLICATIONS 1,902 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Charles Vincent Retrieved on: 13 August 2015 The correct citation of this work is: Peter G. Mason, David R. Gillespie and Charles Vincent (Eds.). 2013. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Pucón, Chile, 4-8 March 2013, 380 p. Proceedings of the 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS Pucón, Chile March 4-8, 2013 Peter G. Mason, David R. Gillespie and Charles Vincent (Eds.) 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS Pucón, Chile, March 4-8, 2013 PREFACE The Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, held in Pucón – Chile, continues the series of international symposia on the biological control of arthropods organized every four years. The first meeting was in Hawaii – USA during January 2002, followed by the Davos - Switzerland meeting during September 2005, and the Christchurch – New Zealand meeting during February 2009. The goal of these symposia is to create a forum where biological control researchers and practitioners can meet and exchange information, to promote discussions of up to date issues affecting biological control, particularly pertaining to the use of parasitoids and predators as biological control agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team
    Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control September 12-16, 2005 Mark S. Hoddle, Compiler University of California, Riverside U.S.A. Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team—Morgantown, West Virginia United States Forest FHTET-2005-08 Department of Service September 2005 Agriculture Volume I Papers were submitted in an electronic format, and were edited to achieve a uniform format and typeface. Each contributor is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her own paper. Statements of the contributors from outside of the U.S. Department of Agriculture may not necessarily reflect the policy of the Department. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Any references to pesticides appearing in these papers does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of them by the conference sponsors, nor does it imply that uses discussed have been registered. Use of most pesticides is regulated by state and federal laws. Applicable regulations must be obtained from the appropriate regulatory agency prior to their use. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish and other wildlife if they are not handled and applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices given on the label for use and disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status.
    [Show full text]
  • Weevils As Targets for Biological Control, and the Importance of Taxonomy and Phylogeny for Efficacy and Biosafety
    diversity Article Weevils as Targets for Biological Control, and the Importance of Taxonomy and Phylogeny for Efficacy and Biosafety Barbara I. P. Barratt 1,2,* ID , Matthew J. W. Cock 3 ID and Rolf G. Oberprieler 4 1 AgResearch Invermay, Mosgiel PB 50034, New Zealand 2 Better Border Biosecurity (B3), Lincoln 7608, New Zealand 3 CAB International, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK; [email protected] 4 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian National Insect Collection, G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra A.C.T. 2601, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-3-489-9059 Received: 3 July 2018; Accepted: 21 July 2018; Published: 25 July 2018 Abstract: Curculionidae are a large mainly herbivorous family of beetles, some of which have become crop pests. Classical biological control has been attempted for about 38 species in 19 genera, and at least moderate success has been achieved in 31 % of cases. Only two weevil species have been considered to be completely controlled by a biological control agent. Success depends upon accurately matching natural enemies with their hosts, and hence taxonomy and phylogeny play a critical role. These factors are discussed and illustrated with two case studies: the introduction of the braconid parasitoid Mictroctonus aethiopoides into New Zealand for biological control of the lucerne pest Sitona discoideus, a case of complex phylogenetic relationships that challenged the prediction of potential non-target hosts, and the use of a mymarid egg parasitoid, Anaphes nitens, to control species of the eucalypt weevil genus Gonipterus, which involves failure to match up parasitoids with the right target amongst a complex of very closely related species.
    [Show full text]
  • Coffee Berry Borer Hypothenemus Hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Searching for Sustainable Control Strategies
    Bulletin of Entomological Research (2006) 96, 223–233 DOI: 10.1079/BER2006434 REVIEW ARTICLE Coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): searching for sustainable control strategies J. Jaramillo1,2, C. Borgemeister2 * and P. Baker3 1Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Hanover, Herrenha¨user Str. 2, 30419 Hanover, Germany: 2International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya: 3CABI Bioscience, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7TA, UK Abstract The coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) is the most serious pest of the world’s most valuable tropical export crop. Since the last review on this insect was published six years ago, many new studies have contributed to an improved insight into the biology and ecology of the beetle, and have indicated new avenues for integrated and biological control. The latest developments in research, both laboratory and field, on the pest, its natural enemies and their implications for integrated control of H. hampei are summarized, with a particular focus on the situation in The Americas. Lately, the global coffee industry has changed radically; it has suffered a long cycle of lowest-ever world market prices caused by overproduction and technological change. At the same time, the advent of sustainable certification schemes has had a major impact on the industry. The role of integrated pest management and biological control of H. hampei in an era of changes in the coffee industry is discussed. Keywords: coffee, biological control, integrated pest management, Hypothenemus hampei, parasitoids Introduction (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), (Le Pelley, 1968; Damon, 2000). Hypothenemus hampei causes serious In 70 countries in the humid tropics, coffee (Coffea economic losses and affects the economy of more than 20 spp., Rubiaceae) is the most important agricultural com- million rural families in the world (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Biological Control in the Sustainability of the Cuban Agri-Food System
    Pérez-Consuegra, N, et al. 2018. The role of biological control in the sustainability of the Cuban agri-food system. Elem Sci Anth, 6: 79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.326 RESEARCH ARTICLE The role of biological control in the sustainability of the Cuban agri-food system Nilda Pérez-Consuegra, Luis Mirabal and Luis C. Jiménez We analyze the role biological control plays in the Cuban agri-food system and discuss an experience at the Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article-pdf/doi/10.1525/elementa.326/472006/326-5784-2-pb.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 country level that demonstrates that the pest problem can be handled through an ecological and sustainable approach. Biological control is one of the key components of a systemic approach that characterizes pest management. Its implementation has led to the removal of a group of highly dangerous pesticides from the Official List of Authorized Pesticides and reduced use of others. Greater emphasis has been placed on augmentative biological control, which is a tendency repeated throughout the world. In Cuba, rudimentary production occurs in 176 Centers for the Reproduction of Entomophages and Entomopathogens (CREE) located throughout the country; four industrial production plants are in operation, as are pilot plants and facilities in research centers. The biological control agents that are most reproduced are the parasitoids Lixophaga diatraeae (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), the entomopathogens Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner ( Bacillales: Bacillaceae), and Beauveria bassiana sensu lato (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae); the antagonist Trichoderna Persoon (Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae); and the nematodes of the Heterorhabditis Poinar (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei)
    insects Review Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei), a Global Pest of Coffee: Perspectives from Historical and Recent Invasions, and Future Priorities Melissa A. Johnson 1,2,*, Claudia Patricia Ruiz-Diaz 3, Nicholas C. Manoukis 1 and Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues 3 1 Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; [email protected] 2 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA 3 Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences, Center for Excellence in Quarantine & Invasive Species, Agricultural Experimental Station—Rio Piedras, University of Puerto Rico—Mayaguez, 1193 Calle Guayacan, San Juan, PR 00926-1118, USA; [email protected] (C.P.R.-D.); [email protected] (J.C.V.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 October 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 12 December 2020 Simple Summary: Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the most serious insect pest of coffee worldwide, causing more than US$500M in damages annually. Reduction in the yield and quality of coffee results from the adult female CBB boring into the coffee fruit and building galleries for reproduction, followed by larval feeding on the bean itself. This review examines the invasion biology of CBB in various coffee-growing regions throughout the world, comparing and contrasting patterns in historically invaded countries with those that were more recently invaded. The situation in Hawaii is highlighted as a case study for the development and implementation of a successful integrated pest management (IPM) program following 10 years of research and outreach.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus Hampei
    TAR Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 2 (2009) 129–147 brill.nl/tar Th e coff ee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a short review, with recent fi ndings and future research directions Fernando E. Vega 1, * , Francisco Infante2 , Alfredo Castillo2 and Juliana Jaramillo3,4 1 Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bldg. 001, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA 2 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas, México 3 International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya 4 Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] Received: 5 February 2009; accepted 26 March 2009 Summary Th e coff ee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is the most devastating insect pest of coff ee throughout the world. Adult females bore a hole in the coff ee berry, where they deposit their eggs; upon hatching, larvae feed on the coff ee seeds inside the berry, thus reducing yield and quality of the marketable product. Th e insect spends most of its life inside the coff ee berry, making it extremely diffi cult to control. Th is paper presents a short review of the literature dealing with natural enemies of the coff ee berry borer, on the possible use of fungal endophytes as a biocontrol strategy, and on factors that might be involved in attracting the insect towards the coff ee plant. Th e paper identifi es some areas where research eff orts should be focused to increase the chances of successfully developing an eff ective pest management strategy against the coff ee berry borer.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Physiological and Behavioural Characteristics of Parasitoids on Host Specificity Testing Outcomes and the Biological Control of Paropsis Charybdis
    EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PARASITOIDS ON HOST SPECIFICITY TESTING OUTCOMES AND THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PAROPSIS CHARYBDIS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University By Tara J. Murray Lincoln University 2010 To Barbara Barratt and Kath Dickinson, outstanding scientists, inspiring mentors and patient friends - without your enthusiastic and supportive introduction to scientific research I wouldn’t have had the determination or desire to keep going when the road got rough. Things have rarely gone as planned, but thanks to you I know there are many exciting research opportunities awaiting me, and some amazing scientists that I can look forward to working with in the future. Abstract of thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Ph.D. Effect of physiological and behavioural characteristics of parasitoids on host specificity testing outcomes and the biological control of Paropsis charybdis By Tara J. Murray An established host-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid system was used to investigate how the physiological and behavioural characteristics of parasitoids influence the outcomes of laboratory- based host specificity tests. The characteristics of the two pteromalid egg parasitoids, Enoggera nassaui (Girault) and Neopolycystus insectifurax Girault, were assessed and interpreted in regard to the particular host specificity testing methods used and the control of the eucalypt defoliating beetle Paropsis charybdis Stål (Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand. The physiology of N. insectifurax was examined to determine how to increase production of female parasitoids that were physiologically capable and motivated to parasitise P. charybdis eggs in laboratory trials.
    [Show full text]