DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review of Nontarget Effects of Insect Biological Control Agents: Concepts and Examples

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review of Nontarget Effects of Insect Biological Control Agents: Concepts and Examples A REVIEW OF NONTARGET EFFECTS OF INSECT BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS: CONCEPTS AND EXAMPLES Roy Van Driesche1 and Mark Hoddle2 1Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 2Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside For additional copies of this publication, contact: Richard Reardon U.S. Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team 180 Canfield Street Morgantown, WV 26505 (304) 285-1566 [email protected] This publication is available online at http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ and http://bugwoodcloud.org/resource/pdf/nontarget.pdf Contents Introduction . .1 Types of Impacts . .4 Type 1. Direct Attacks on Native Insects . 4 The concept . .4 Examples . .4 (a) Compsilura concinnati . 4 (b) Microctonus aethiopoides . 6 (c) Trichopoda pennipes (pilipes) . .8 Putting direct attack by parasitoids in context . 10 Mitigation of direct attacks . .10 Type 2. Negative Food Web Effects . 11 The concept . 11 (a) Apparent competition . 11 (b) Displacement via competition for prey . .13 (c) Displacement via competition among parasitoids for hosts . 15 (d) Parasitoid host shifts caused by competitive displacement . 16 Putting risk in context . .16 Mitigation . 17 Type 3. Beneficial Food Web Effects . .17 Type 4. Hybridization with Native Congeners . .20 The concept . 20 Examples . 20 (a) Chrysoperla lacewings . .21 (b) Chestnut gall wasp parasitoids . .21 (c) Laricobius adelgid predators . .22 Putting risk in context . .22 Mitigation . 22 Type 5. Attack on Weed Biocontrol Agents . .23 The concept . 23 Examples . 23 (a) The oligophagous weevil parasitoid, Microctonus aethiopoides . .23 (b) Parasitoids of frugivorous tephritid flies . 23 (c) Predatory phytoseiids attacking spider mites . 24 Putting risk in context . .24 Mitigation . 25 Contents How Common Have Population-level Nontarget Effects Been? . .26 (continued) Group 1. No Impact . .27 Bessa remota and levuana moth . 27 Australian mealybug parasitoids in New Zealand . 28 Citrus blackfly parasitoids on the island of Dominica . .28 Neotropical phytoseiid, Typhlodromalus airpo, in Africa . .28 Parasitoids attacking the endemic Hawaiian moth Udea stellata . 28 Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) . .29 Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in Italy . .30 Rodolia cardinalis in the Galápagos . 30 Pteromalus puparum on Bassaris butterflies in New Zealand . 31 Trigonospila brevifacies in New Zealand . 32 Trichopoda giacomellii (Diptera: Tachinidae) . .32 Parasitoids of frugivorous and native gall making tephritids in Hawaii . .33 Group 2. Direct Trophic Impact . 33 Tamarixia (formerly Tetrastichus) dryi in La Réunion . .33 Brachymeria lasus and two native butterflies on Guam . .33 Cotesia glomerata in the Canary Islands . 34 Peristenus relictus Loan (= P. stygicus) and the western tarnished plant bug . 34 Group 3. Displacement or Other Indirect Impacts . 34 Cotesia flavipes Cameron in Trinidad and Brazil . 35 Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) . 35 Cales noacki Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) . 36 Trigonospila brevifacies (Hardy) (Diptera: Tachinidae) . .36 Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) . .37 Parasitoids introduced into the United States against tobacco whitefly . .38 Looking Ahead: What Impacts Will New Parasitoid/Predator Introductions Have on Nontarget Species? . .39 Forecasting Likely Host Use . 39 Moving from Host Use to Population-level Effects . .41 From Host Impact to Determination of a Project’s Risks and Benefits . .41 Recent Practice (1985-2016) as Predictor of Future Nontarget Impacts . 42 Contents Concluding Remarks . .45 (continued) Caveats and Clarifications . .45 Guides for Future Thinking . .46 Acknowledgments . .47 References . .48 Appendix 1 . .89 Apendix 2 . .121 INTRODUCTION Whether, when, and how frequently introductions this article opened a conversation on the potential of biological control agents have important environmental effects of classical biological population-level effects on nontarget species control, it did not provide a definitive answer. is a question of continuing importance to both Further discussion of this issue ensued in the biological control scientists and conservation following decades (Follett and Duan, 2000; Follett biologists. This issue was first raised by Howarth et al., 2000; van Lenteren and Loomans, 2000; (1991), who outlined evidence for significant Louda et al., 2003; Hoddle 2004a,b,c; Stewart nontarget impacts from biological control agents. and New, 2007; Parry, 2009; Barratt et al., 2010; While breaking new ground in raising the issue, Suckling and Sforza, 2014). this article was, in our opinion, flawed. First, Here we focus on potential nontarget impacts of rather than assessing whether nontarget impacts parasitoids and predacious arthropods introduced had occurred regularly or to what degree on as classical biological control agents. The impacts average, Howarth (1991) advocated strongly of these agents are less understood than those of for the proposition that they had occurred, herbivorous insects and pathogens released against supporting the article’s assertion by selectively invasive plants. Releases of plant biocontrol agents assembling instances of possible impact. are well documented (Winston et al., 2014), and While it alerted society to this unintended risk, population-level impacts of herbivorous biocontrol Howarth (1991) did little to objectively assess agents on native plants have been rare (Suckling the magnitude of the problem posed by natural and Sforza, 2014). Analysis of all 512 species enemy introductions. Second, the author grouped known to have been released for weed biocontrol vertebrate introductions, some made as far back worldwide found no evidence of impact for 99% as the 1700s by farmers, with introductions of of the agents. Of the few known cases of impacts, biological control agents made by government most (>90%) were only of minor importance, scientists after biological control began to develop without long-term harm to nontarget plant as a science (post 1920s). This greatly enhanced populations. Important population-level effects the perceived negative impact of biological are known only in the cases of some thistle and control as most vertebrate introductions for pest cacti-attacking insects, principally Cactoblastis control did cause ecological damage. Third, the cactorum (Bergroth) (Figure 1A,B) on some native article did not adequately differentiate between cacti (Figure 2) (Stiling et al., 2004; Pemberton simple use (feeding or parasitism to any degree) and Liu, 2007) and Rhinocyllus conicus Fröelich and evidence-based, population-level impacts (Figure 3) on some native thistles (Figure 4) on nontarget species. Fourth, Howarth (1991) (Louda, 1998; Louda et al. 2005). In contrast, greatly overstated the risk of extinctions from for parasitoids and predators, whose actions are introductions, by emphasizing the effects of generally invisible to any but specialists, we have vertebrate and mollusk introductions, as opposed less information on population-level impacts. This to arthropods (e.g., herbivores, parasitoids, and has led to speculation that nontarget impacts are predators) that are used most commonly for high, based largely on extrapolation from several biocontrol of pest plants and arthropods. While INTRODUCTION A Figure 2. Opuntia hemifusa, attacked by Cactoblastis cactorum in Florida (photo of Kristen E. Sauby). B Figure 3. An oligophagous thistle feeding weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus (photo of Eric Coombs, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org). Figure 1. Cactoblastis cactorum larvae (A) (photo of Ignacio Baez, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org); feeding damage (B) (photo of Rebekah D. Wallace, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org). Figure 4. A rare native thistle, Cirsium canescens, fed on by Rhinocyllus conicus (photo of Irene Shonle). INTRODUCTION cases of likely or presumed high-level impact, Seventeen cases (17/5,000 = 0.34%), however, especially the coccinellid beetles Harmonia were classified as causing population reductions axyridis (Pallas) and Coccinella septempunctata or other severe impacts. (However, below, we (L.) (Harmon et al., 2007; Losey et al., 2007) and show that some of these cases were in fact of the tachinid flies Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) no ecological concern). No credible cases of (Boettner et al., 2000) and Bessa remota (Aldrich) extinction were found; one such case is claimed (Kuris, 2003; Hoddle, 2006), as discussed below. by Howarth (1991), but see Hoddle (2006). For introduced parasitoids and predators successfully Past summaries of impacts of parasitoids and established in Florida (Frank and McCoy, 2007), predators on nontarget insects and mites include grouping cases by 20-yr intervals (data from a mini-review for the island of Guam (Nafus Table 4 in Frank and McCoy, 2007), found no 1993a); global literature reviews (Lynch and detectable trend in either the average severity of Thomas, 2000; van Lenteren et al., 2006), and impacts (categories 1 through 6) or the frequency a detailed analysis of releases of both weed and of instances in high-impact categories suggestive insect biocontrol agents in Florida (Frank and of population-level effects; there were 2 to 5 such McCoy, 2007). Lynch and Thomas (2000) state events per 20-yr period. No further reviews of that nontarget effects are recorded for 1.7% of the nontarget effects of insect biocontrol have been ca 5000 recorded cases of parasitoid
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pdf 696.18 K
    Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 13(3):1-13 (2020) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A. Entomology ISSN 1687- 8809 http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ The Mymaridae of Egypt (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera) Al-Azab, S. A. Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Egypt. Email: [email protected] ______________________________________________________________ ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History Diagnostic characters of the family Mymaridae, together with diagnosis Received:15/5/2020 and keys to the Egyptian genera of the family-based upon the external Accepted:2/7/2020 morphological characters of the adult female and male are presented with ---------------------- illustrations to facilitate their recognition. Synonyms, taxonomic notes, hosts, Keywords: and habitat of the genera together with their representative species in Egypt Hymenoptera, are also provided to give general picture and high light on the occurrence, Chalcidoidea, diversity, and distribution of the mymarids in Egypt. The study based on the Mymaridae, materials kept in the main reference insect collections in Egypt, and the Taxonomy, available literature. Egypt. INTRODUCTION The Mymaridae (fairy wasps) are a family of chalcid wasps found in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world. It includes the most primitive members of the chalcid wasp and contains around 100 genera with about 1400 species (Noyes, 2005). Fairyflies are very tiny insects and include the world's smallest known insects. They generally range from 0.5 to 1.0 mm long. Adult mymarids are rather fragile, the body generally being slender and the wings narrow with an elongate marginal fringe. Their delicate bodies and their hair-fringed wings have earned them their common name. Very little is known of the life histories of fairyflies, as only a few species have been observed extensively.
    [Show full text]
  • Vii Congreso De Estudiantes Universitarios De Ciencia, Tecnología E Ingeniería Agronómica
    VII CONGRESO DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid, 5 y 6 de mayo de 2015 COMITÉ ORGANIZADOR Profesora Pilar García Rebollar Estudiantes Iñigo Mauleón Pérez María Rodríguez Francisco Vocales Silverio Alarcón Lorenzo Carlos Hernández Díaz-Ambrona María Remedios Alvir Morencos Ignacio Mariscal Sancho Augusto Arce Martínez Mª Ángeles Mendiola Ubillos Mª Antonia Bañuelos Bernabé David Menoyo Luque Raúl Sánchez Calvo Rodríguez Felipe Palomero Rodríguez Mercedes Flórez García Margarita Ruiz Ramos José María Fuentes Pardo José Francisco Vázquez Muñiz Ana Isabel García García Morris Villarroel Robinson VII Congreso de Estudiantes Universitarios de Ciencia, Tecnología e Ingeniería Agronómica PRÓLOGO En este VII Congreso de estudiantes volvemos agradecer a todos los profesores y alumnos su participación y colaboración en todo momento para que en este Libro de Actas que tienes entre tus manos se hayan recopilado los trabajos de más de 100 estudiantes. Todos los trabajos han sido revisados por los profesores del Comité Científico del Congreso y esperamos que las correcciones hayan sido de utilidad a los autores. Ya sólo queda “la puesta en escena” con la exposición y los nervios de hablar en público. Se dice que “no hay temas aburridos, sino oradores poco entusiastas”. Sabemos que nuestros estudiantes, si se han lanzado a presentar su trabajo en este Congreso, es porque entusiasmo no les falta, y los organizadores del Congreso vamos a hacer todo lo posible para que no decaiga. No obstante, como en cualquier otro evento de este tipo, tenemos un tiempo limitado y esperamos que los ponentes controlen su entusiasmo y sepan respetarlo.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae)
    Zootaxa 3916 (1): 001–083 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:15384700-9D9B-4F77-AA0B-FA6DA317BCCB ZOOTAXA 3916 A revision of the New World species of Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) ERIKA M. TUCKER, ERIC G. CHAPMAN & MICHAEL J. SHARKEY Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Jennings: 1 Oct. 2014; published: 9 Feb. 2015 ERIKA M. TUCKER, ERIC G. CHAPMAN & MICHAEL J. SHARKEY A revision of the New World species of Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) (Zootaxa 3916) 83 pp.; 30 cm. 9 Feb. 2015 ISBN 978-1-77557-633-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-634-1 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2015 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2015 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3916 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press TUCKER ET AL.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Characteristics of Orthonama Obstipata (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), an Emerging Defoliator of Mint (Mentha Spicata L., 1753) in Morocco
    Mor. J. Agri. Sci. 2 (3): 119-129, September 2021 119 Biological characteristics of Orthonama obstipata (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), an emerging defoliator of mint (Mentha spicata L., 1753) in Morocco Chahrazad EL ANBRI1, Taoufik EDDAYA2, Ahmed BOUGHDAD3, Patrick CHAIMBAULT4, Abdelhamid ZAÏD1 Abstract The looper caterpillar, O. obstipata is one of the defoliator species of cultivated mint 1 Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail in Morocco. Its identification and its biology constitute the preliminary step for the University, Meknes, Morocco development of a program aiming at its integrated management. The larvae were col- 2 Institute of Horticultural Special- lected from a plot of mint grown in a region of northern central Morocco, and reared ized Technicians,Meknes, Morocco in the laboratory. The identification of the species was based on comparing the male 3 Plant and Environment Protection aedeagus and the female spermatheca to the reference slides. In this study, the elements Department, National School of Agriculture, Meknes, Morocco of biology and morphological characteristics of the different ecophases ofO. obstipata are clarified and discussed. The life cycle of the species, from egg to egg, is completed 4 University of Lorraine, LCP- A2MC, Metz, France in 31.3 ± 2.16 days. The emergence occurs linearly in time after the 27th and 28th days of oviposition according the sex. The sex ratio (Male/Female) is 0.88:1. The fecundity * Corresponding author of the females is positively correlated with their lifespan. Females have an average fe- [email protected] cundity of 210 eggs and a fertility rate of 97%. Adults live on average 22.0 ± 6.3 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) En Olivo, <I>Olea Europaea</I>
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2014 Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en olivo, Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae), en Brasil Vera Regina dos Santos Wolff Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi dos Santos Wolff, Vera Regina, "Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en olivo, Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae), en Brasil" (2014). Insecta Mundi. 900. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/900 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0385 Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en olivo, Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae), en Brasil Vera Regina dos Santos Wolff Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO) Rua Gonçalves Dias 570. Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Date of Issue: September 26, 2014 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Vera Regina dos Santos Wolff Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en olivo, Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae), en Brasil Insecta Mundi 0385: 1–6 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8ED57F9D-E002-4269-88DA-A8DBDB41F57E Published in 2014 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 321-356 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; Download Unter
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomofauna Jahr/Year: 2007 Band/Volume: 0028 Autor(en)/Author(s): Yefremova Zoya A., Ebrahimi Ebrahim, Yegorenkova Ekaterina Artikel/Article: The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 321-356 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 28, Heft 25: 321-356 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 30. November 2007 The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Zoya YEFREMOVA, Ebrahim EBRAHIMI & Ekaterina YEGORENKOVA Abstract This paper reflects the current degree of research of Eulophidae and their hosts in Iran. A list of the species from Iran belonging to the subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae is presented. In the present work 47 species from 22 genera are recorded from Iran. Two species (Cirrospilus scapus sp. nov. and Aprostocetus persicus sp. nov.) are described as new. A list of 45 host-parasitoid associations in Iran and keys to Iranian species of three genera (Cirrospilus, Diglyphus and Aprostocetus) are included. Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel zeigt den derzeitigen Untersuchungsstand an eulophiden Wespen und ihrer Wirte im Iran. Eine Liste der für den Iran festgestellten Arten der Unterfamilien Eu- lophinae, Entedoninae und Tetrastichinae wird präsentiert. Mit vorliegender Arbeit werden 47 Arten in 22 Gattungen aus dem Iran nachgewiesen. Zwei neue Arten (Cirrospilus sca- pus sp. nov. und Aprostocetus persicus sp. nov.) werden beschrieben. Eine Liste von 45 Wirts- und Parasitoid-Beziehungen im Iran und ein Schlüssel für 3 Gattungen (Cirro- spilus, Diglyphus und Aprostocetus) sind in der Arbeit enthalten.
    [Show full text]
  • Life-History Parameters of Encarsia Formosa, Eretmocerus Eremicus and E
    Eur. J. Entomol. 101: 83–94, 2004 ISSN 1210-5759 Life-history parameters of Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus and E. mundus, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) YU TONG QIU, JOOP C. VAN LENTEREN, YVONNE C. DROST and CONNIE J.A.M. POSTHUMA-DOODEMAN Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University; P.O.Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae, Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, whiteflies, Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus, Eretmocerus mundus, biological control, life history, longevity, development time Abstract. Life-history parameters (juvenile development time, adult longevity, host instar preference and rate of parasitism) of four parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (two strains of Encarsia formosa (D and B), Eretmocerus eremicus and Eretmocerus mundus) were studied in the laboratory. At 15°C juvenile development time was the shortest for E. formosa B (48 days), longest for E. ere- micus (79.3 days) and intermediate for E. formosa D (62.8 days) and E. mundus (64 days) at 15°C. With increase in temperature, development time decreased to around 14 days for all species/strains at 32°C. The lower developmental threshold for development was 11.5, 8.1, 13.0 and 11.5°C for E. formosa D, E. formosa B, E. eremicus and E. mundus, respectively. E. formosa D and B, and E. mundus all appeared to prefer to parasitize 3rd instar nymphs. The presence of hosts shortened adult longevity in most of the para- sitoids, with the exception of E. formosa B, which lived longer than other species/strains irrespective of the presence of hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape-Scale Connections Between the Land Use, Habitat Quality and Ecosystem Goods and Services in the Mureş/Maros Valley
    TISCIA monograph series Landscape-scale connections between the land use, habitat quality and ecosystem goods and services in the Mureş/Maros valley Edited by László Körmöczi Szeged-Arad 2012 Two countries, one goal, joint success! Landscape-scale connections between the land use, habitat quality and ecosystem goods and services in the Mureş/Maros valley TISCIA monograph series 1. J. Hamar and A. Sárkány-Kiss (eds.): The Maros/Mureş River Valley. A Study of the Geography, Hydrobiology and Ecology of the River and its Environment, 1995. 2. A. Sárkány-Kiss and J. Hamar (eds.): The Criş/Körös Rivers’ Valleys. A Study of the Geography, Hydrobiology and Ecology of the River and its Environment, 1997. 3. A. Sárkány-Kiss and J. Hamar (eds.): The Someş/Szamos River Valleys. A Study of the Geography, Hydrobiology and Ecology of the River and its Environment, 1999. 4. J. Hamar and A. Sárkány-Kiss (eds.): The Upper Tisa Valley. Preparatory Proposal for Ramsar Site Designation and an Ecological Background, 1999. 5. L. Gallé and L. Körmöczi (eds.): Ecology of River Valleys, 2000. 6. Sárkány-Kiss and J. Hamar (eds.): Ecological Aspects of the Tisa River Basin, 2002. 7. L. Gallé (ed.): Vegetation and Fauna of Tisza River Basin, I. 2005. 8. L. Gallé (ed.): Vegetation and Fauna of Tisza River Basin, II. 2008. 9. L. Körmöczi (ed.): Ecological and socio-economic relations in the valleys of river Körös/Criş and river Maros/Mureş, 2011. 10. L. Körmöczi (ed.): Landscape-scale connections between the land use, habitat quality and ecosystem goods and services in the Mureş/Maros valley, 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Actias Dubernardi (Oberthür, 1897), with Description of the Early Instars (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
    Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 27 (/2): 9–6 (2006) 9 Notes on Actias dubernardi (Oberthür, 1897), with description of the early instars (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Stefan Naumann Dr. Stefan Naumann, Hochkirchstrasse 7, D-0829 Berlin, Germany; [email protected]. Abstract: An overview of the knowledge on A. duberna­rdi was cited in the same genus at full species rank). Packard (Oberthür, 897) is given. The early instars are described (94: 80) mentioned Eua­ndrea­ alrady at subgeneric and notes on behaviour and foodplants are mentioned; the status, Bouvier (936: 253) and Testout (94: 52) in larvae have silver spots and a thoracic warning pattern. All preimaginal instars, living moths and male genitalia struc- the genus Argema­ Wallengren, 858, and in more recent tures are figured in colour. First records of the species from literature (e.g. Mell 950, Zhu & Wang 983, 993, 996, Myanmar are mentioned. The results of some recent phylo- Nässig 99, 994, D’Abrera 998, Morishita & Kishida genetic studies concerning the arrangement of the genera 2000, Ylla et al. 2005) it was listed as junior subjective Actia­s Leach in Leach & Nodder, 85, Argema­ Wallengren, synonym of Actia­s Leach in Leach & Nodder, 85. 858 and Gra­ellsia­ Grote, 896 are briefly discussed. Until about 0 years ago, the species was very rare in Anmerkungen zu Actias dubernardi (Oberthür, 1897) western collections, but with further economic opening mit Beschreibung der Präimaginalstadien (Lepidoptera: of PR China more and more material from this country Saturniidae) could be obtained, and eventually also some ova were Zusammenfassung: Es wird eine Übersicht über die bishe- received directly from China.
    [Show full text]
  • Control Biológico De Insectos: Clara Inés Nicholls Estrada Un Enfoque Agroecológico
    Control biológico de insectos: Clara Inés Nicholls Estrada un enfoque agroecológico Control biológico de insectos: un enfoque agroecológico Clara Inés Nicholls Estrada Ciencia y Tecnología Editorial Universidad de Antioquia Ciencia y Tecnología © Clara Inés Nicholls Estrada © Editorial Universidad de Antioquia ISBN: 978-958-714-186-3 Primera edición: septiembre de 2008 Diseño de cubierta: Verónica Moreno Cardona Corrección de texto e indización: Miriam Velásquez Velásquez Elaboración de material gráfico: Ana Cecilia Galvis Martínez y Alejandro Henao Salazar Diagramación: Luz Elena Ochoa Vélez Coordinación editorial: Larissa Molano Osorio Impresión y terminación: Imprenta Universidad de Antioquia Impreso y hecho en Colombia / Printed and made in Colombia Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial, por cualquier medio o con cualquier propósito, sin autorización escrita de la Editorial Universidad de Antioquia. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia Teléfono: (574) 219 50 10. Telefax: (574) 219 50 12 E-mail: [email protected] Sitio web: http://www.editorialudea.com Apartado 1226. Medellín. Colombia Imprenta Universidad de Antioquia Teléfono: (574) 219 53 30. Telefax: (574) 219 53 31 El contenido de la obra corresponde al derecho de expresión del autor y no compromete el pensamiento institucional de la Universidad de Antioquia ni desata su responsabilidad frente a terceros. El autor asume la responsabilidad por los derechos de autor y conexos contenidos en la obra, así como por la eventual información sensible publicada en ella. Nicholls Estrada, Clara Inés Control biológico de insectos : un enfoque agroecológico / Clara Inés Nicholls Estrada. -- Medellín : Editorial Universidad de Antioquia, 2008. 282 p. ; 24 cm. -- (Colección ciencia y tecnología) Incluye glosario. Incluye bibliografía e índices.
    [Show full text]
  • LOS INSECTOS ESCAMA (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: COCCOIDEA) PRESENTES EN EL ORQUIDEARIO DE SOROA, PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA Fitosanidad, Vol
    Fitosanidad ISSN: 1562-3009 [email protected] Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal Cuba Mestre, Nereida; Ramos, Tomás; Hamon, Avas B.; Evans, Gregory LOS INSECTOS ESCAMA (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: COCCOIDEA) PRESENTES EN EL ORQUIDEARIO DE SOROA, PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA Fitosanidad, vol. 8, núm. 3, septiembre, 2004, pp. 25-29 Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal La Habana, Cuba Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=209117853005 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto FITOSANIDAD vol. 8, no. 3, septiembre 2004 LOS INSECTOS ESCAMA (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: COCCOIDEA) PRESENTES EN EL ORQUIDEARIO DE SOROA, PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA Ecología Nereida Mestre,1 Tomás Ramos,2 Avas B. Hamon3 y Gregory Evans3 1 Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática. Carretera de Varona, Km 3½, Capdevila, Boyeros. Apdo. Postal 8029, Ciudad de La Habana, CP. 10800, teléf.: (537)57-8088, c.e.: [email protected] 2Jardín Botánico Orquideario de Soroa, Universidad de Pinar del Río. Apartado postal no. 5, Candelaria, PInar del Río, CP 22700 3 Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Charles H Bronson, Commissioner. Division of Plant Industry. (FSCA) Gainesville, Florida, E.U. RESUMEN ABSTRACT Los insectos escama se encuentran entre las principales plagas de las Scale insects are considered to be among the principal pests of orchids; orquídeas cultivadas; sin embargo, en Cuba estos invertebrados han sido however in Cuba, little is known about these insects on orchids.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini) 99 Doi: 10.3897/JHR.33.4373 Research Article
    JHR 33: 99–112Revision (2013) of Agathacrista new genus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini) 99 doi: 10.3897/JHR.33.4373 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr Revision of Agathacrista new genus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini) Michael J. Sharkey1,†, Stephanie A.C. Stoelb2,‡ 1 Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA 2 Bluegrass Community & Technical College, Lexington, KY 40546s † http://zoobank.org/77B8EC3A-442C-4A7A-AF85-A31C27E257F2 ‡ http://zoobank.org/9C4BCEB9-A6C7-4E7B-B9ED-334F7C8CE709 Corresponding author: Michael J. Sharkey ([email protected]) Academic editor: G. Broad | Received 21 November 2012 | Accepted 14 March 2012 | Published 1 August 2013 http://zoobank.org/2B514381-7262-4609-8441-EEDE2AF235E9 Citation: Sharkey MJ, Stoelb SAC (2013) Revision of Agathacrista new genus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 33: 99–112. doi: 10.3897/JHR.33.4373 Abstract Based on a cladistic analysis, a new genus of Agathidini, Agathacrista Sharkey, is proposed and its phylo- genetic position hypothesized. Two previously described (Agathacrista cancellata, Agathacrista depressifera) and three new species (Agathacrista sailomi, Agathacrista winloni, Agathacrista krataeii) are included. The distribution of Agathacrista is limited to the Oriental region and southern portion of the eastern Palearctic. Keywords Insecta, identification key, taxonomy, systematics Introduction Agathacrista, as proposed here, includes two previously described species, both of which were included in the paraphyletic concepts of Bassus s.l. and Therophilus s.l. This paper is part of a series that investigates these non-monophyletic taxa, while describing taxa from Thailand, Costa Rica, or more inclusive areas of the world.
    [Show full text]